Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 11th 2017

10-June-2017
 Table of Contests Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017

1 Global Issues 16 Transcripts of Talk Shows 43 Solved Past Papers

2 The Qatar Crisis Explained
4 Qatar Gulf Crisis: Your
Questions Answered
5 A Cry for Calm Hands (Iran’s
Maturity in Reaction to Tehran
Acttacks
7 Pakistan’s External Affairs
7 Explainer: What Joining SCO
means for Pakistan
8 Does Afghanistan Seek
Rapprochement with Pakistan
9 Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
9 Federal Budget 2017-18: Review
of Economic Performance
12 FATA: A Situational Analysis
15 Weekly Current Affairs
MCQs (May 31-June 8)
16 CNN’s Amanpour By CNN Host
I: Christiane Amanpur
18 CNN’s Amanpour By CNN Host
II: Christiane Amanpur
21 Connect the World By CNN
Host Robyn Curnow
22 Connect the World By CNN
Host: Becky Anderson
24 Fareed Zakaria GPS by CNN
Host Fareed Zakaria
27 Research Articles for CSS
Essay Topics
27. Defining Accountability
28 Accountability Structures: A
Comparative Analysis
36 Social Accountability
Pakistan: Challenges Gaps,
Opportunities, & the Way Forward
41 The Panama Papers Verdict &
Political Accountability in Pakistan
43 Solved MCQs of CSS Compulsory
Papers 2012
45 PMS General Knowledge Paper 2006
46 FPSC Assistant Director Federal
Government Organization Intelligence
Bureau) Paper 2007
48 FPSC Paper 2013 for Inspector ASF
(Airport Security Force)
Important MCQs for FPSC Senior
Auditors Post 2017
49 BOOK REVIEWS
49 America’s Secret Jihad: The
Hidden History of Religious Terrorism
in the United States
50 The U.S. NATO Debate from Libya to
Ukraine
in
51 Urdu Reports & Transcripts
of Programs
55 Jirga by Saleem Saafi
55 Paish Raft

Editorial
Current issue of the “Weekly Analysis” has brought in-depth analysis of global issues like newest crisis of the Middle East in form
of Qatar crisis, and terrorist attacks on Iran’s Parliament and mausoleum of Imam Khomeini, along with military and political
reaction of Iran to these attacks. Similarly, sections of Pakistan’s domestic and external affairs cover critical analysis of Pakistan’s
membership of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, current status of Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan, review of Federal
budget 2017-18 and FATA Reforms so that readers may easily comprehend internal and external moves and threats relating to
future of Pakistan in particular and of the globe in general..

Along with current affairs i.e. global issues, and Pakistan’s external and domestic affairs, weekly current affairs MCQs,
transcripts of week’s best talk shows, research articles for CSS essay on accountability and solved past papers conducted by FPSC
and PPSC are also essential part of the ‘Weekly Analysis’ so that readers and candidates of competitive exams may enrich their
knowledge in order to succeed in achieving their academic and professional goals.

Mian Waqas Haider Patron-in-Chief

(Lecturer, GC University, Lahore) DR. SOBIA TAHIR
0345-4740019 Chairperson, Department of Philosophy
Mianwhaider@gmail.com & Interdisciplinary Studies
Government College University, Lahore

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Editorial Board
www.facebook.com/wetoppers Haseeb Hassan, Dawood Gill, Aqsa Batool, Amir
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Rehman & Aisha Yousaf

2
 Global Issues
Global Issues
THE QATAR CRISIS EXPLAINED
While Qatar says “death to Saudi
Arabia” and Saudi Arabia says “death
to Qatar,” Turkey moves into Qatar
with massive troops. Turkey’s
parliament has approved a legislation
allowing its troops to be deployed to a
Turkish military base in Qatar Al-
Jazeera reported today. Turkey has
now made its decision, it is a key ally of
Qatar, not Saudi Arabia and is now
setting up a military base with 10,000
Turkish soldiers in the country which
also hosts the largest US air base in the
Middle East with 10,000 American
soldiers.
Now what!
Riyadh now cannot plan to send troops
into Qatar and forcibly remove Qatar’s
ruler Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
from office for his support of the very
Wahhabi Islam which Saudi Arabia
initially promoted. Saudi Arabia is not
‘Wahhabi’ enough for Qatar’s taste.
Qatar’s emir rejects the Saudi demands
to stop aiding terrorism—including its
refusal to abide by the GCC
“commitments and agreements,” to
cease “hostilities against the Saudi
Kingdom,” and to stand “against
terrorist groups and activities”.
Saudi Arabia, the fountain that started
Wahhabi-Islamic ideology has its
hatchlings come against their mother
(Saudi Arabia) to slowly consume her
and set her on fire in the end.
Al Udeid American airbase has its
10,000 US troops in Qatar now has
10,000 Turkish troops opposing U.S.
stand with Saudi Arabia. Now what will
Trump do?
Saudi’s attempt to thwart Iran for
regional hegemony is out the window.
And how will this bode with Saudi
Arabia’s relations with Turkey taking
into consideration Qatar’s fallout with
Saudi Arabia and today’s recent attack
in Iran by ISIS which Iran blames Saudi
Arabia?
Think major shifts on the near horizon
that will change the demography of the
Middle East forever.
For decades when western media dished
out the news about the Middle East,
from the New York Times to Fox News,
they would make the error of stating
that Iran and Saudi Arabia are the
leading nations on the opposing sides of
the Middle East split between Shiite and
Sunni Islam.
Such a simplistic division is all a
westerner can consume. We warned this
is not the case.
Fact is what we stated: the Muslim
states on the opposing sidews of the
Middle East split is between
SHIITE/SUFI/SUNNI versus
WAHHABI Saudi Arabia. The situation
is not as cut-and-dry the way
westerners put it.
Our decades prediction that Turkey will
ally with Saudi Arabia’s enemies is now
coming to fruition and its a time for ‘we
told you so’, in 2015 we wrote
predicating Turkey’s military advances
into Qatar.
When it comes to the biblical prophecy,
we do not find any mention of New York
City, Tokyo, or Paris, but Egypt, Libya,
Elam (Iran), Lydia (Turkey), Yemen,
Arabia and Jerusalem. “Ethiopia, And
Libya, And Lydia, And All The Mingled
People, And Chub, And The Men Of The
Land That Is In League, Shall Fall With
Them By The Sword.”
Staying focused on these nations, they
have been spoken about as a “league”.
And while looking at the current news
this week, we have had successive and
escalating developments in the Turkish-
Gulf relations effecting regional,
military and geopolitical impact as we
have seen the latest visit paid by Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan …
But the problem for Saudi Arabia, Syria
and Egypt is that Turkey and the U.S.
both major powers support the Muslim
Brotherhood, the archenemy of the
Egyptian government specifically and it
is Turkey that continues to revive it.
Both Turkey and the U.S. realize that
the Muslim Brotherhood is key to
influencing the Muslim world since they
hold the Muslim scholarly realm.
And Qatar is the base for the Muslim
Brotherhood.
And now, Saudi Arabia which
historically fomented Wahhabism has
Qatar “instigating against the Saudi
State and infringing on its sovereignty,”
supporting various terrorist and other
groups, including the Muslim
Brotherhood, al-Qaeda, and the Islamic
State, using its media to attack Saudi
Weekly Analysis June 10 2017
Arabia, and undermining the war in
Yemen.
Based on these “violations,” Saudi
Arabia proceeded to sever all relations
with Qatar—diplomatic, economic, food
imports, and flights—and ordered all
Qatari citizens, including diplomats, to
leave the kingdom.
The mantra has always been that
Erdogan’s Sunni supporters are
generally opposed to predominantly
Shiite Iran and keen on seeing Turkish-
Saudi Arabian ties develop.
This slogan, as we predicted and
warned about, is not true anymore.
Turkey will never give up anything at
the expense of the Muslim Brotherhood,
which Riyadh and Cairo consider a
terrorist organization while Turkey
considers as ally.Without the Muslim
Brotherhood, Turkey cannot establish
its Caliphate agenda since it has the
religious scholarly think-tank to drive it.
Saudi Arabia aims at regime change in
Qatar by replacing Tamim bin Hamad
with another Al Thani who could act as
a pro-Saudi puppet. Such a dangerous
game could not have been accomplished
without a nod from President Trump’s
recent visit to the kingdom, but this is a
western miscalculation.
What this does, is it forces Turkey to
becoming Saudi Arabia’s enemy. This
will advance Iran.
Iran has military advisers in Iraq and
Syria controlling and financing militias
in those countries and in Lebanon.
Tehran also has some influence over the
Houthis fighting the government in
Yemen, and it often speaks out in
support of Shiites in Bahrain, a
majority group that Iran says is
repressed by the Sunni monarchy.
This situation will definitely escalate, it
will soon become Turkey, Iran and
Qatar versus Saudi Arabia.
This will escalate this conflict to a new
level where you will begin to see all
nations abandon Saudi Arabia
including even the U.S. where the U.S. is
now self-sufficient oil supplier and is in
no need of Saudi oil.
Saudi Arabia currently has Egypt,
Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates
(UAE), Yemen, Libya and the Maldives,
all of which form an anti-Iranian bloc.
But our prediction is clear, Turkey goes
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 Global Issues Weekly Analysis June 10 2017
against Egypt and Libya and will make Ottomans blessings from the Kaaba’s was the Sufis who are the muscle and
an alliance with Iran which will Zamzam water. sinew of the faith advancing it to
encompass Yemen and Bahrain leaving As we stated in 2015, the world thinks become the world’s second-largest
Saudi Arabia completely naked to beg that “Turkey’s goal is to eventually religion. Sufis are not simply a sect of
Israel, its cousin, for help and is why establish a military alliance involving Islam, but rather heirs of an ancient
Sheba and Dedan stand against Magog Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the mystical tradition within both the Sunni
(Turkey). United Arab Emirates.” But we and Shia branches of the faith
Its all lining up.Turkey does not forget emphasized “But such goal can never be combining their inward quest with war
when Iran did not wait for the coup’s established with the Al-Sisi’s anti and expansion worldwide. Sufism is
failure against Erdogan to speak up Muslim Brotherhood current also the ecumenical force in which it is
when President Hassan government. Is it no wonder why the best uniting factor between Shiite
Rouhani supported Erdogan during the Antichrist finally has to invade Egypt.” and Sunni Muslims.
coup in contrast, Saudi King Salman bin The Gulf states realizes that despite “This ‘Islamized shamanism’, covering
Abdul-Aziz Al Saud congratulated their wealth, they are still vulnerable the geographic areas of modern-day
Erdogan for suppressing the attempt, and continuing to depend on the United Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
but only after it failed. States to guarantee their security no Tajikistan, Kirghizstan, northern
By this, Saudi Arabia signed its own longer appears tenable given the Afghanistan, the Turkoman province of
death-sentence. To add more to the possibility of a broader U.S.-Iranian Iran and the Uygur district of Xinjian
tightening noose around the Saudi rapprochement. province of China will play a major role
kingdom’s neck, sources close to Iran And in another article in 2015, we in the end times and we predict that the
are zestfully reporting claims that Saudi stated: Antichrist is likely to be Sufi.”
Arabia and the Indeed, this is
United Arab what is
Emirates happening and
were involved in as we have been
the coup saying years
attempt, in an ago: Saudi
apparent hope Arabia is being
this might abandoned, so
encourage expect the news
Ankara to headlines for the
change its axis. next couple
And that it did. years to be shock
Turkey moved to the world, but
quickly to shake not to you.
hands with Putin Erdogan, single-
and Iran and handedly was
now with Qatar, able to do
the Muslim several things as
Brotherhood’s of late. He was
stronghold. Such able to revive an
a move by Islamic theology
Erdogan will which enables
force the West to himself to be
reconsider its declared as God.
options on He seeks to
Turkey. This change set laws
new emerging in Turkey. He
prospect of a “We have no religion called ‘Sunni’ or seeks now to
Turkish-Iranian-Russian axis is ‘Shiite’” said Erdogan reminding the unite Shiites and Sunnis to be the
pressuring the U.S. to mend fences with Muslim world that Turkey will not join guardian of the Muslim world:
Ankara while it too abandons Saudi a Sunni alliance with Saudi Arabia, but “Be you prepared, and prepare for
Arabia. an Islamic alliance of both Sunnis and yourself, you, and all your company
In the Middle East, politicians fear the Shiites which also includes Iran and that are assembled to you, and be you a
religious institutions most. Announcing wants to become the guardian of this guard to them.”
a Caliphate is under the authority of the new coalition. The “you” is “Gog” “chief prince of
Union of Muslim Scholars led by the It can’t get anymore accurate than this. Meshech and Tubal,” that is Turkey.
Muslim Brotherhood, which only it Everything fits like a glove once you And the “them” are “Persia, Ethiopia,
represented the decision making power understand biblically which nation is and Libya …”. Persia is Iran. This verse
in the Muslim world. This would be which. alone got us to conclude all of our
Qatar. This is why Turkey is in bed with We have been saying this all along. In previous reports that Shiites and Sunnis
the Muslim Brotherhood while it has its August 2014 we wrote that: will be the subject of unity and false
eyes on Arabia gaining not only Muslim “Erdogan will not enter any party in the peace as Erdogan will attempt to be
Brotherhood blessing for its new revival sectarian conflict but intends to use his their guardian. Few verses from the
of a grand Caliphate, but now its closer Sufi brand of Islam to unite the entire Bible could take a library to explain.
to taking they keys of the two holy Muslim world.” And in order to stop Libya and Egypt
mosques (Mecca and Medina) from Far from Wahhabism, Sufism is the calling “death to Turkey,” Turkey will
Saudi Arabia as well are giving the most dangerous, not only that because it invade both Egypt and Libya while
teaches tremendous violence since it Arabia (Sheba and Dedan) will take a
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 Global Issues Weekly Analysis June 10 2017
sideline when Turkey unites the Muslim prayer and pilgrim can unite them. It is while Iran responds “death to Saudi
world with Turkey’s and Iran’s unifying not the black stone that will unite them, Arabia,” the Yemeni Houthis says “death
slogan “death to Israel”. but the burdensome stone, Jerusalem, to Saudi Arabia,” and while the Saudis
In the end, it matters little what Muslim which will unite them for a moment and respond “death to the Houthis,” Hamas
divides exist between Shiite vs. Sunni, will crush them in the end. says, “death to the Palestinian
Wahhabi ISIS vs. Wahhabist Saudis, Let me explain the Middle East simply: Authority,” and while the Palestinian
Brotherhood vs. Wahhabist. Indeed, all “Death to Turkey,” says Egypt, and Authority responds “death to Hamas,”
this matters to some extent, these will while Turkey responds “death to Egypt,” all these agree on one ‘death slogan’,
always divide. But nothing can unite the Libya too says “death to Turkey,” and that is “death to Israel and death to
Muslim world, not even Allah and while Turkey responds “death to Libya,” America”.
Muhammad or even their direction of Saudi Arabia says “death to Iran” and
(By Walid Shoebat: Published in the Millennium Report)

QATAR-GULF CRISIS: YOUR

QUESTIONS ANSWERED
A breakdown of the latest diplomatic
crisis and what it means for the region.
On May 23, Qatar woke up to news of
a hack attributing false statements to the
emir of Qatar. The fake news was aired
on several UAE and Saudi-owned
networks in the Gulf. This sparked a
series of diplomatic breakdowns between
the GCC countries.
The latest developments include
severing of diplomatic ties between three
Gulf states and Qatar, an embargo
imposed on Qatar, with air, sea and land
borders shut down, and Qatari diplomats
and residents expelled from those Gulf
countries.
Here is a breakdown of the latest
diplomatic crisis and what it entails for
the region.
What is the GCC?
GCC stands for Gulf Cooperation
Council. This is a political and economic
alliance of countries in the Arabian
peninsula. These are Bahrain,
Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and
the United Arab Emirates. It was
established in 1981 and its aim is to
enhance cooperation and close relations
among its members.
When did Saudi Arabia, Bahrain,
the UAE and Egypt cut ties with
Qatar?
The announcements came in the early
morning (5:50am, or 02:50 GMT) of
June 5, 2017. Bahrain was the first to
announce the severing of ties, it was
followed shortly after by Saudi Arabia,
the UAE and Egypt made their
announcements within 10 minutes.
A few days later, Jordan
also announced that it will scale back its
diplomatic ties to Qatar and shut down
the Al Jazeera bureau in Amman.
Why are Saudi Arabia, Bahrain,
the UAE and Egypt cutting ties with
Qatar?
The four countries have cited their
concern over the security and stability of
their nations, claiming that Qatar works
to support "terrorism" and to meddle in
the internal affairs of its brethren in the
GCC.
What does the cutting of ties
entail?
The severing of ties as a diplomatic
concept usually entails a recall of
diplomatic representatives and the
closing of diplomatic missions by the
country that is taking the step. The
country initiating the move can also ask
the diplomatic representatives of the
other party to leave their country. This is
usually utilised by governments at times
of serious complications in relations
between states.
In the case of the current Gulf crisis,
several other dimensions have been
added. Bahrain and Egypt both gave
Qatari embassies 48 hours to implement
their respective departure orders, while
recalling their own diplomats and charge
d'affaires.
The UAE and Saudi Arabia gave
Qatari citizens who are residents in or
visiting the UAE two weeks to depart.
They have also ordered their citizens in
Qatar to return.
Saudi Arabia went further,
withdrawing Qatari troops from the
ongoing war in Yemen, in which Saudi
Arabia is leading the campaign.
Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and
Egypt closing land, air and sea passage
to all vessels and vehicles coming from or
going to Qatar.
What was Qatar's response to
this?
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Qatar responded to the announcements
yesterday, saying that there is "no
legitimate justification" for the actions
taken by the four countries to sever
diplomatic relations. It added that the
decision is a "violation of its sovereignty"
and that it will work to ensure that it
does not affect the citizens and residents
of Qatar.
Which countries are with Qatar?
This question isn't entirely accurate; it
would be more a matter of what
countries have severed their diplomatic
relations with Qatar.
To date, these are the countries that
have severed relations: Bahrain, Egypt,
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the
Maldives, the United Arab Emirates, the
Khalifa Haftar government of Libya, the
internationally recognised government
of Yemen
There are 94 diplomatic missions still
open and operating in Qatar, one
representative office, and 34 countries
that maintain their diplomatic relations
with Qatar via a regional accredited
embassy.
How long will Qatar's border
stay closed?
Nobody knows how long the land, air
and sea boundary closures will remain in
effect, as they have been implemented by
the four countries mentioned above, and
have not been reciprocated by Qatar.
What are the roots of this
conflict?
There was a previous diplomatic rift in
2014 between Qatar and other Gulf
countries. Saudi Arabia, UAE and
Bahrain pulled out their diplomats
claiming that Qatar supported armed
groups. However, he border remained
open and Qataris were not expelled.
Tensions with Qatar have generally
revolved around its alleged support for
political Islamic movements, such as the
Muslim Brotherhood, as well as
complaints about the Al Jazeera Media
Network, which is based in Doha.
These tensions were possibly
exacerbated by the Arab Spring in 2011,
when Saudi Arabia and Qatar were seen
as backing different sides.
On June 7, the Saudi foreign minister
said that Qatar must cease its support of
groups such as Hamas and the Muslim
Brotherhood.

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 Global Issues Weekly Analysis June 10 2017
"We want to see Qatar
implement the promises
it made a few years back
with regard to its
support of extremist
groups, to its hostile
media and interference
in affairs of other
countries," Saudi
Arabia's Foreign
Minister Adel al-
Jubeir told reporters in
Paris.
Is the GCC going to
survive?
Kuwait's emir
is mediating between the
GCC countries involved
in the current dispute.
The emir is expected to
travel to Saudi Arabia
on Tuesday to attempt to
bridge the gap.
According to Giorgio
Cafiero of Gulf State
Analytics, a geopolitical
risk consultancy based
in Washington, DC, both
Kuwaitis and Omanis
believe that an
escalation of the conflict
could be detrimental to
the future of the GCC.
We heard on the
news that there was
no food left in Doha?
There was a
short panic yesterday as
residents of Doha were
worried about the effect
of border closures on
food supplies. The Qatari cabinet issued a only threaten the interests of everyone in relationship, to include downscaling the
statement saying that there was no need the region. base".
to worry, and today the situation According to Mahjoob Zweiri, a Middle After the dispute, the White House
appears to have calmed, although East expert at Qatar University, a stated that Trump wants to help sort out
pictures of fully stocked supermarket lengthy dispute may empower Iran in the the diplomatic rift.
shelves were less exciting and are only region, especially if the tension between Trump later on tweeted about the
slowly making the rounds. the Gulf countries escalates. dispute, alleging that Arab leaders
Is Iran using this as an How is the Trump administration pointed to Qatar as the source of funding
opportunity to gain Qatar as an involved? for extremism.
ally? The GCC rift does follow
Following the borders shutdown, Trump's visit to Saudi Arabia, where he Is Israel involved?
Iran offered Qatar food shipments. Reza met leaders of the Arab world. The night The only statement to come out of
Nourani, chairman of Iran's union of before Trump's visit, the former US Israel regarding the situation was
agricultural exporters, said these defence secretary, Robert Gates, offered from Israel Defence Minister Avigdor
transfers can reach Doha in 12 hours. a scathing assault on Qatar, criticised its Lieberman who said the split between the
Several Iranian officials have called for support for "Islamists". Gulf countries "opens possibilities for
dialogue and mediation. Iran's foreign The speech was delivered at a high- cooperation in the battle against
ministry spokesperson, Bahram profile Washington conference, where terrorism" as it shows "that even in the
Ghasemi, said that the tensions would Gates said, "Tell Qatar to choose sides or Arab states they understand that the
we will change the nature of the danger is not Zionism, but terrorism".

A CRY FOR CALM HANDS

MATURITY in handling domestic as well as international otherwise. Shooting-from-the-hip statements and responses
challenges must be presumably a prerequisite for any remain dominant.
country’s leaders but glaring recent examples suggest

5
 Global Issues
Perhaps, the only contrasting example came from the
Iranians after terrorists launched attacks on the country’s
parliament and the tomb of Imam Khomeini who symbolises
the 1979 revolution.
The Iranians were quick to acknowledge that all five
attackers, who were killed at the two different sites, were
‘locals’ (one can assume that means Iranian nationals) who’d
left the country after joining the militant Islamic State (IS)
group and had participated in the “crimes carried out by this
terrorist group in Mosul and Raqa (in Iraq and Syria
respectively)”.
A statement by Iran’s intelligence minister, Mahmoud Alavi,
added: “The network of this terrorist group has been
identified and some of its members have been arrested … We
still cannot judge that Saudi Arabia has had a role in this
terrorist incident.”
This was remarkable restraint given the temptation to
somehow implicate the regional arch-rival in the incident
because it hosted a summit of nearly 50 Muslim leaders on
the occasion of a state visit by US President Donald Trump
with the more or less one-point agenda of demonising Iran.
Just before the summit, the rising Saudi star, Defence
Minister and Deputy Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman,
who enjoys extraordinary authority, said in a media
interview that any conflict to curtail Iran’s influence in the
region will now take place on Нranian soil.
That despite these public declarations of hostility towards
Iran by the Saudi hosts and their worthy new ally the US
president, the attacks were not blamed on Riyadh spoke of
calm statesmanship rather than rattled reaction.
Of course, the foreign minister Javad Zarif took to task
President Trump for his statement which while condemning
the Tehran terror attacks also said that Iran was reaping
what it sowed. Zarif called the statement repugnant and
blamed the terror attack on ‘US clients’ (IS).
On the other hand, the Saudi-UAE-led diplomatic spat with
Qatar saw the so-called leader of the free world and the
current incumbent of the White House immediately come
down on Riyadh’s side. Trump said even during his
discussion with various leaders in Riyadh ‘all fingers were
pointing at Qatar’ for its alleged support to terrorism.
Surrounded as he is by serving and former generals of the US
armed forces, he must have later been reminded by horrified
aides that Qatar is home to the largest US Centcom military
base in the region with some 11,000 personnel stationed
there.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
It took Donald Trump some 24 hours to offer public support to
Kuwaiti Emir Sheikh Sabah al Ahmad al Jaber al Sabah’s
mediation efforts and he also offered to host the estranged Gulf
rulers at the White House for talks to settle the issue.
Tensions have been simmering since Qatar was seen as
supporting (via Al Jazeera Arabic) democratic movements in the
Arab world particularly Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood and the
now deposed president Mohamed Morsi, both loathed by the
Saudis who have thrown their weight behind the dictatorship of
President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. The kingdom’s distaste for any
political movement that could potentially upset the status quo in
the Gulf is not a secret anymore.
Its ambition to have everyone in the Gulf fall in line seemed to
have precipitated the latest crisis and the trigger was an alleged
pro-Iran statement by the Qatari ruler which the latter denied
and attributed to a hack of his country’s news agency website.
David Hearst, the editor-in-chief of Middle East Eye and the
former chief foreign leader writer of The Guardian, writes of a
regime change threat hurled at Qatar as a result by Salman al-
Ansari, the president of the Saudi-American Public Relation
Affairs Committee who reminded the Doha rulers of Morsi’s fate.
Hearst’s Middle East Eye piece also said: “This is an interesting
thing to say to an ally providing troops to protect Saudi’s
southern border with Yemen. Egypt, for one is not. Or to a
government that extradited a political dissident to Saudi on the
same day as it was attacked as being pro-Iranian. It’s
interesting, too, after King Salman visited Qatar and danced
with the emir.
“But perhaps the king is no longer aware of what his 31-year-old
son is doing in his name.
“The hacking of Qatar News Agency on May 24 was just the
starting pistol. Within minutes of the hack at 12:14 am, Al
Arabiya TV and Sky News Arabia quoted the text of the fake
material. Within 20 minutes, the networks ran analyses,
implications, quotes and tweets.
“According to the Qatari authorities, between 12:51 am and 3:28
am, the networks managed to find 11 politicians and analysts to
interview on-air. Fast work for a duty editor ‘reacting’ to a story
in the middle of the night. He deserves a raise.
“Another strange coincidence: all of this was preceded by 14
different op-ed pieces in the US press about the danger to
regional stability that Qatar represented. This, again, is puzzling
because it has been years since anyone bothered to write opinion
pieces about Qatar in the US media.”
A paradox is that both Saudi Arabia and Qatar want to dislodge
the bloody, dictatorial Baathist regime in Syria supported by
Iran and its key ally, Lebanon’s Hezbollah militia, but back very
different militant groups often accused of terrorism.
In this undoubtedly explosive and complex regional situation, do
the Gulf Arab leaders and their main non-Arab ally Pakistan
have the required skills, maturity and statesmanship to defuse
the dangers? Don’t you wish we had an answer? (Source: Abbas
Nasir: Published in Dawn, June 10th, 2017)
6
 Paksitan’s External Affairs Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017

Pakistan’s External Affairs

EXPLAINER: WHAT JOINING SCO MEANS FOR PAKISTAN

The Foreign Office hailed Pakistan’s admission in the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) on Friday as “a
historic occasion” and “an important foreign policy
milestone”.
Pakistan’s former permanent representative to the United
Nations in Geneva, Ambassador Zamir Akram, explains to
Dawn the SCO’s evolution, its importance as a regional
political and security bloc, and the significance of Pakistan’s
membership. He also takes a look at how Pakistan-India
disputes could affect the organisation.
Q: When was the SCO formed and what were its
objectives?
A: The forerunner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
was the Shanghai-5, which was set up in 1996 and comprised
China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Then
when Uzbekistan joined in 2001 it became the SCO.
After the dissolution of the Soviet
Union (in 1991) and emergence
of the United States as the sole
superpower, countries like
Russia and China — the
aspiring major powers — felt
the need to engage and
cooperate with each other to
protect their interests,
especially in Central Asia. The
objectives of the SCO, therefore,
are to protect political interests
of the member countries and
promote security, economic and
trade cooperation between
them. Over time with the
emergence of a terrorist threat
to these countries,
counterterrorism has also
become a key area for
cooperation in the SCO. Another very
important consideration for the SCO has been to promote
regional connectivity.
Q: When and how did Pakistan first become
associated with the SCO? What objectives would
Pakistan like to achieve as a full member?
A: Pakistan, due to its close friendship with China and
because of the emergence of independent states in Central
Asia, has always been interested in promoting regional
connectivity and itself as a pivotal state or as a bridge,
especially for landlocked Central Asian states. Pakistan has
been very much interested in projecting itself and its interests
within the region. Therefore, Pakistan became an observer in
the SCO in 2005.
From that time till Friday when we were admitted as a full
member, it has been our endeavour to work in concert with
this very important regional organisation, which represents
the largest geographical bloc in the world and has also now
become the biggest bloc in terms of population with the
inclusion of Pakistan and India. Pakistan has acquired
further importance because of the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC). In that sense it is a tremendous achievement
and also presents a big opportunity to Pakistan.
Q: Terrorism has been a major concern for the region,
particularly after emergence of the militant Islamic
State (IS) group. How far could the SCO be helpful in
facilitating Pakistan in cooperating with other
members in dealing with this threat?
A: President Vladimir Putin today in his statement recognised
Pakistan’s role in counterterrorism. The Chinese also
acknowledge that. In fact Pakistan, China, Russia and Iran are
highly concerned about the emergence of IS in their
neighbourhood. The SCO would provide a platform for all of us
to work together. Moscow has hosted a regional conference on
Afghanistan and it was also part of this effort. Pakistan wants to
work with SCO partners for countering the terrorism threat in
the region. Unfortunately, India talks about terrorism, but is
involved in promoting terrorism in Pakistan by using
Afghanistan’s territory, where they
are supporting Tehreek-i-Taliban
Pakistan (TTP) and funding
terrorism in Balochistan. I expect
that Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
would have raised this concern with
SCO partners.
Q: Pakistan and India have
assumed full membership of the
SCO together. Would their
confrontation weigh down
SCO’s activities and impede the
realisation of its objectives?
A: Pakistan will respect, as it has
always respected, the mandate and
parameters of organisations that it is
part of. We will not use the SCO to
find solution for disputes with India,
just as we have not used Saarc or other
regional forums to find solutions for disputes with India. There
are of course other international organisations, the UN and its
various organs, for instance. Moreover, we are ready to engage
with India in a bilateral dialogue on those disputes.
However, what can happen is that with the SCO providing a
platform for regional cooperation and connectivity, it can
contribute to better relations between Pakistan and India. If that
happens, it will improve the prospects for resolution of our
bilateral issues as well. Unfortunately, India does not look at the
SCO in that context. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s statement
at the SCO today illustrates that. He used the platform to
castigate Pakistan. On one hand, they say disputes with Pakistan
are not international or multilateral, but then they use
multilateral forums for raising bilateral complaints. India
should realise that if it wants peace with Pakistan, the SCO
provides a platform for achieving that. (By Baqir Sajjad
Syed:Published in Dawn, June 10th, 2017) Note: For
Detailed Analysis of SCO, See 2nd Edition of the Weekly
Analysis

7
 Pakistan’s External Affairs
DOES AFGHANISTAN SEEK RAPPROCHEMENT
WITH PAKISTAN?
Where Pakistan and Afghanistan’s relations are are
headed after the peace conference in Kabul?
The recent surge of violence in Afghanistan has renewed
fears of widespread public protest in the country. Last
week’s devastating terrorist attack in Kabul killed at least
150 people and injured more than 300, leaving it the
country’s deadliest attack on civilians since the 2001 U.S.
invasion.
Just days after the Kabul attack, Afghanistan hosted an
international peace conference, called the Kabul process, to
explore ways to restore peace in the country. While the
conference, like numerous other conferences, is unlikely to
produce quick measurable results, the venue saw Afghan
President Ashraf Ghani emphasize the need to formulate
a collective regional security plan.
Moreover, while addressing the conference, Ghani singled
out Pakistan for allegedly supporting insurgent groups in
Afghanistan which, he believed, had undermined the
country’s security and stability. More specifically, the
allegations on Afghanistan’s part were aimed at Pakistan’s
military and its alleged support for the Afghan Taliban.
Pakistan’s civilian and military leadership rejected Kabul’s
allegations, say that they were just “baseless” propaganda.
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Pakistan’s foreign office said in a statement that “The
onus of setbacks and failures in Afghanistan should not be
blamed on Pakistan. Mere rhetoric of blaming others to
hide their failures in Afghanistan will not solve the
problem.” In a separate response, the military in Pakistan
said that “instead of blaming Pakistan, Afghanistan needs
to look inward and identify the real issues.”
While bilateral relations between Kabul and Istanbul
remain hostile, the rapidly worsening security situation in
Afghanistan and growing rifts within Ghani’s government
may force the current Afghan leadership into reaching out
to Islamabad for support.
In his speech at the peace conference last week, while
Ghani criticized Pakistan, he also highlighted the its
“legitimate interests” in Afghanistan and Kabul’s
willingness to address Islamabad’s concerns. “We recognize
that Pakistan has legitimate regional security interests and
we have offered the appropriate guarantees of neutrality,”
Ghani said. Clearly, the statement was aimed at dispelling
Islamabad’s anxieties regarding India’s overwhelming
influence in Afghanistan, which has primarily been the
driving force when it comes to Pakistan’s policy
formulations towards Afghanistan.
When Ghani came into office, he tried a policy of
reconciliation with Pakistan, which didn’t produce any
results as far as the country’s militancy problem is
concerned. A number of political stakeholders in
Afghanistan that don’t favor reconciliation with Pakistan
due to its questionable policies towards Kabul forced Ghani
into taking a hard-line approach towards Islamabad. As a
consequence, the last year in Pakistan-Afghanistan
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
bilateral dealings have seen both countries mutually accuse
each other of being tied up with insurgent groups. Not more
than a month ago, Ghani denied Pakistan’s top civilian and
military leadership’s request to visit Afghanistan.
Ghani’s latest attempt to reach out to Pakistan has
happened because of the very reason that previously
became the cause of fallout between the current Afghan
government and Islamabad. The recent wave of suicide
bombings and growing public discontent has isolated
president Ghani to an extent that he has no other way but to
seek help from Pakistan.
While speaking at the event, Ghani said that “I would be
remiss to my people if I did not say that our top priority
must go to finding an effective way to dialogue with
Pakistan.” Ghani’s policy of hostility towards Islamabad
has not achieved anything besides temporarily warding off
the political pressure at home. Arguably, the Afghan’s
government’s policy of non-reconciliation towards Pakistan
has even failed to achieve the basic objective of securing
domestic support for the government: while rifts within
Ghani’s government are deepening, the recent violence has
provoked widespread unrest, with protesters camping out
in the capital. If suicide bombings continue to take place,
which appears very likely, the Afghan government’s
political isolation will further deepen, which doesn’t bode
well for the Ghani’s regime survival.
On the other hand, it’s in Pakistan’s interest that Ghani
doesn’t lose control of his government, which may allow
other anti-Pakistan stakeholders more political space in
Kabul. Previously, Pakistan’s response to Ghani’s overtures
was criticized for failing to bring any substantial change in
the Afghan Taliban’s policy or demands. Now, however, if
Pakistan can deliver to the extent of reducing the scale of
violence in Afghanistan, it should be considered nothing less
than a clear achievement. With an improved security
situation at home while Pakistan doesn’t seem under
pressure to comply with Ghani’s indirect requests for help,
any improvement in Afghanistan’s security situation can
establish Pakistan’s position of being a vital player in the
Afghan peace process.
Undoubtedly, further delays in putting together a unified
regional policy to secure peace in the country will prove
detrimental to any eventual efforts at the regional or
national level in this regard. This can simply happen due to
the ascendance of the Islamic State (ISIS) in Afghanistan,
which is only going to add to the country’s ongoing
militancy challenge.
If the government in Afghanistan is looking for an ally in
Pakistan, then Islamabad needs to respond positively
rather than undermining an already isolated president,
which will not serve Pakistan’s interests in any way.
(Source: Umair Jamal, Published in The Diplomat)
8
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
FEDERAL BUDGET
2017-18
PRESS BRIEF Review of Economic Performance
since 2012-13
3.1. Real GDP Growth at 5.28% this year is the highest
in the past decade. Four years’ ago, the economic growth was
3.68%. For the first time the size of the economy has
surpassed $300 billion;
3.2. Agriculture sector has turned around. The sector
has performed impressively this year. Compared to last
year’s stagnation this sector has registered a robust 3.46%
growth. All major crops including Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane
and Maize have registered healthy growth;
3.3. Industrial production grew by 5.02% and
businesses are now hiring additional workers.
3.4. Services sector - which includes banks, retail,
transportation, housing, etc. - grew by 5.98%;
3.5. Per Capita Income: Per capita income today
stands at $1,629 as compared to $1,334 four years ago;
3.6. Inflation was on average 12% between 2008-13. In
this current year inflation is expected to be around 4.3%;
3.7. Fiscal deficit: The government followed a policy of
fiscal consolidation because of which fiscal deficit reduced
from 8.2% to the current year’s 4.2%.
This was achieved through higher revenue collection through
improved administration and broadening of the tax base,
undoing decades-old concessionary SRO and curtailing non-
development expenditure of the government;
3.8. FBR Revenues: In fiscal year 2012-13 FBR
collection was Rs.1,946 billion. For the current year the target
is Rs.3,521 billion. This represents a historic increase of 81%
in the last 4 years with average annual growth of 20%. Tax to
GDP ratio which was 10.1% in fiscal year 2012-13 is likely to
increase to 13.2% this year;
3.9. Policy rate of State Bank of Pakistan has come
down from 9.5% in June 2013 to the current 45-year low of
5.75%. Similarly, mark-up rates of Export Refinance Facility
have been reduced from 9.5% in June 2013 to 3% in July
2016. In addition, the mark-up rate on Long Term Finance
Facility has been gradually reduced from 11.4% in June 2013
to 6% for exporters and 5% for textile sector. This has led to a
spurt in credit to the private sector;
Resultantly Credit to private sector has grown to
Rs.507 billion till May of this year, as compared to Rs.93
billion in fiscal year 2012-13, resulting in expansion of
business activity in the country;
Agriculture credit was Rs.336 billion four year’s ago
which at the end of
2016 was Rs.600 billion and is targeted to increase to Rs.700
billion during the current financial year;
Imports: Imports have been recorded at $37.8 billion
during July-April showing an upward trajectory compared
to the same period last year. This vibrancy in imports is
attributable to over 40% increase in capital machinery,
industrial raw material and petroleum products and the
increased investment under the CPEC projects focused on
energy and infrastructure sectors;
Exports during the first ten months of this year have
shown an overall minor decrease of 1.28% compared to 7.8%
decline during the same period last year. This reversal has
been the result of timely support by the government to
exporters in shape of a comprehensive package of Rs.180
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
billion in January 2017 and efforts of our exporters;
Foreign Exchange Reserves: In June 2013 foreign
exchange reserves held with the State Bank were $6.3 billion
which included short-term swap of $2 billion for which
payments were to be made within weeks. This means that the
real reserves were $4.3 billion. Foreign exchange reserves
currently stand at a comfortable level of $16 billion despite a
larger than expected trade deficit mainly due to increased import
of capital goods. If we include foreign exchange deposits with
commercial banks, the total foreign exchange reserves of the
country have increased to around $21 billion;
Exchange Rate: Inter bank rate of dollar on 30th June 2013
was Rs.99.66. Within a few months this rate increased to around
Rs.111. After better economic management and increase in
foreign reserves the exchange rate reverted to Rs.99. Due to
political disturbances between August and December 2014 the
rate again increased close to 104.80. Since then this rate is the
same;
Remittances: Over the past four years, remittances
increased from $13.9 billion to $19.9 billion. This 40% increase
was made possible due to government’s revival and payment of
outstanding dues of Pakistan Remittance Initiative. The
remittances for the first ten months of the current FY stand at
$15.6 billion and are expected to grow in the last two months due
to Ramazan and Eid despite challenging economic situation in
the gulf region;
Pakistan Stock exchange: The merger of the three stock
exchanges was completed in January 2016 after successful
resolution of issues pending for over a decade. Since then,
Pakistan Stock Exchange has graduated from frontier to
emerging markets in the Morgan Stanley Capital International
(MSCI) Index. It has been declared as Asia’s best performer and
5th best performing market in the World by Bloomberg. The
index has increased from 19,916 on 11 May 2013 to over 52,000
points currently. And during this period market capitalisation
has increased from $51 billion to $97.3 billion depicting a 90%
increase;
Registration of New Companies: This year 5,855 new
companies have been incorporated till March. Four years
ago, in the entire financial year 3,960 companies were
incorporated;
Enactment of Economic Laws: The government has in its
tenure completed 24 pieces of legislation in different sectors of
the economy including; Benami Transactions Prohibition Act,
Special Economic Zones Amendment Act, Deposit Protection
Corporation Act, Credit Bureau Act, Corporate Restructuring
Companies Act, National Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Act, Anti-Money Laundering Act, Gas Theft Control and
Recovery Ordinance, and Limited Liability Partnership Act. 10
new pieces of legislation are currently in the process which
would lead to further augment the enabling legal environment
required for a flourishing economy;
Companies Law: The Parliament has approved the
companies law 2017 only this week. I thank congratulate both
the houses. This law has replaced the 33-year old Companies
Ordinance of 1984. This is a major reform to consolidate the
provisions / laws relating to companies so as to encourage and
promote corporatisation in Pakistan based on the best
international practices. This law will simplify procedures
creating ease of starting and doing business and protect
investors. It addresses issues related to protection of minority
shareholders and creditors, eases regulatory compliance
requirements for smaller companies, and among others provides
9
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
relaxation for registration of agricultural promotion
companies for the development of agriculture sector. Keeping
in view the importance of women, the new law will allow
women membership in boards of directors of listed
companies;
Ease of Doing Business: Reforms have been undertaken to
make it easy for firms to do business in the country. As a
result, Pakistan’s ranking in the World Bank’s ease of Doing
Business index improved from 148 to 144 in the report
launched in 2016, based on performance in 2015. Pakistan
was also recognised as one of the top ten reforming countries
in the World. On the basis of additional reforms undertaken
during the period 2016, Pakistan expects further
improvement in the ranking of World Bank’s Doing Business
report to be published in October 2017.
Budget Strategy
Increase in real GDP growth of 6%;
Investment to GDP 17%;
Development budget of Rs.1,001 billion
Inflation below 6%;
Budget deficit at 4.1% of GDP;
Tax to GDP ratio at 13.7%;
FBR revenues are targeted to increase by 14% while the
Federal expenditures will grow by 11%;
Non-tax receipts of the Federal government are budgeted
to increase by 7%.
The current expenditure will be kept under tight control,
Federal PSDP for the next year is budgeted at Rs.1,001
billion. If we add the provincial ADPs the outlay for
development of FY 2017-18 would be a whopping Rs.2.1
trillion;
Foreign exchange reserves level that can cover a
minimum of 4 months of imports;
Net public debt to GDP ratio below 60% of GDP;
Continuation of targeted social interventions.
Medium Term Goals 2017-20
GDP growth to gradually rise to over 7.0%;
Inflation will be contained to single digit;
Federal Government’s fiscal deficit will be brought down
to 4% of GDP by
June 2020;
Tax to GDP ratio will be increased to over 14%;
Public debt will be brought down to around 55% of GDP.
Relief Measures
10% increase will be given on the pay of all officers and
Jawans as special allowance
In the budget speech FY 2016-17 three allowances were
merged. However, the 2008 adhoc relief allowance to the
Army and the 2010 adhoc relief allowance for the
civilians was not merged. A 10% adhoc relief allowance
on the merged salary to all civil and armed forces
employees is proposed
10% increase is also being proposed in pensions
Up to BPS-5 employees are being exempted from paying
house-rent charges at the rate of 5%
Daily allowance - domestic - is being increased by 60%
Orderly allowance is being revised from Rs.12,000 to
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Rs.14,000
Rate for transportation of dead bodies and local burial of
are being revised from Rs.1,600 to Rs.4,800 and Rs.5,000 to
Rs.15,000 respectively
Constant attendant allowance admissible to Armed Forces
and CAF is being increased from Rs.3,000 to Rs.7,000
Different allowances for offices and sailors of Pakistan Navy
are being revised including; hard-lying pay, compensation
for batman, uniform allowance and ration allowance
Design allowance is being increased by 50%
For employees of Pakistan Post, certain rates of allowances
are being revised
The Jawans of the Frontier Constabulary are performing
their duties all over Pakistan. In order to make their salary
structure attractive it had been decided to allow them a
Rs.8,000 per month fixed allowance. One-third of that
allowance has been allowed w.e.f 1st March 2017; the one-
third of it will be allowed from 1st July 2017 and the balance
one-third from 1st July 2018
The above measures are estimated to cost an additional
Rs.125 billion. It should be remembered that additional
amount in last year’s increase in salary and allowances was
Rs.67 billion
Minimum wage: On the pattern of increase in the pay of
Government employees the minimum wage of labour for
their benefit is being increased from Rs.14,000 to Rs.15,000
per month.
New Initiatives
WELFARE
Welfare scheme for family of Shuhadah (Martyrs) -
CDNS - preferred profits will be offered
Scheme for disabled persons - CDNS - preferred profits
will be offered
Loan write-off of widows - HBFC - upto Rs.500,000
Facilitating elderly, widows and pensioners - CDNS -
IT, on-line connectivity, and alternative service delivery
mechanisms - ATMs, mobile, etc.
Overseas Pakistanis - non-convertible bond, an
exclusive sector in Islamabad by CDA
BISP Beneficiary Graduation Program - Grants to
willing self-employed individuals - Rs.50,000 grant per
family will be provided to 250,000 families in the first
phase
Provision of off-grid solar solutions in
sparsely populated areas especially
Balochistan
AGRICULTURE
Continuation of subsidized electricity for agri-tube wells
Single-digit (9.9%) mark-up rate for farmers utilizing
loans up-to Rs.50,000
Continuation of subsidy on electricity to low-income and
low-usage customers
10
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
Credit to agriculture sector – increased from
Rs.700 billion target of the current year to
Rs.1,001 billion
FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Financial inclusion - loans to low-income segments
through micro-finance banks, exemption from WHT
on branchless banking agents
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Setting up of an IT Park
IT export houses/ companies shall be
allowed to open Foreign Exchange
Accounts in Pakistan
Reduction of the withholding income tax on cell
phone call from 14% to 12.5% and Federal Excise
Duty from 18.5% to 17%
4.3. Smart / android phones - custom duty to be reduced
from Rs.1,000 to Rs.650
4.4. Import duty is being reduced on mobile telecom
products
4.5. The start-up software houses shall be exempted
from Income Tax for the first 3 years
4.6. Exports of IT services from Islamabad and
other Federal territories shall be exempted
from Sales Tax
OTHERS
4.4. Minimum wage of labour increased from Rs.14,000
per month to Rs.15,000 per month
4.5. Bait al Maal allocation increased by 50% from Rs.4
billion to Rs.6 billion
4.6. Risk sharing guarantee scheme - house building
finance
TEXTILES
1. To stabilize cotton prices in the country, a system of
cotton hedge trading for the domestic cotton will be
initiated
2. Launch of Brand Development fund for textile sector
3. The approval process of establishment of
1,000 stitching units has been completed and
its implementation will start during FY 2017-
18 and shall be completed in three years;
4. Online textile business/trade portal for textiles using
B2B (business to business) and B2C (business to
consumer) mode
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
6.2. Establishment of Pakistan Infrastructure Bank
FINANCIAL INCLUSION STRATEGY
6.3. A Rs.8 billion fund will be created at the State Bank
of Pakistan to provide loans to low-income segments
through microfinance banks;
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
6.4. In order to facilitate transactions through mobile
banking, e-gateway systems, mobile banking, the
Government is establishing a state-of-the-art e-
gateway systems at the State Bank of Pakistan at a
cost of Rs.200 million. Technical training and
handholding of the service delivery organisations
shall also be undertaken through this project;
6.5. Exemption from withholding tax on Cash Withdrawals
by Branchless Banking Agents- exemptions on
withholding tax will be given on withdrawal of cash
from branchless banking;
Pakistan Micro Finance Investment Company: The
Government of Pakistan in 2016 launched Pakistan
Microfinance Investment Company (PMIC) jointly
with DFID and KFW to augment the availability of
capital for Micro Finance institutions. It is estimated
that this will lead to doubling of small loans;
SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Establishment of Risk Management Facility
Innovation Challenge Fund
Secure Transaction for moveable property
SALES TAX REFUND
Sales tax refunds: All the pending sales tax refunds
whose RPOs have been sanctioned by 30th April 2017
shall be paid in two parts. RPOs upto the value of Rs.1
million will be paid till 15 July, and the remaining RPOs
will be paid till 14th August 2017.
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE
BUDGET 2017-18
The total outlay of budget 2017-18 is Rs 5,103.8 billion.
This size is 4.3% higher than the size of budget
estimates 2016-17.
The resource availability during 2017-18 has been
estimated at Rs 4,713.7 billion against Rs 4,442 billion
in the budget estimates of 2016-17.
The net revenue receipts for 2017-18 have been
estimated at Rs 2,926 billion indicating an increase
of 5.3% over the budget estimates of 2016-17.
The provincial share in federal taxes is estimated at Rs
2,384.2 billion during 2017-18, which is 11.6% higher than
the budget estimates for 2016-17.
The net capital receipts for 2017-18 have been estimated at
Rs 552.5 billion against the budget estimates of Rs 453.6
billion in 2016-17 i.e. an increase of 21.8%.
The external receipts in 2017-18 are estimated at Rs
837.8 billion. This shows an increase of 2.2% over the
budget estimates for 2016-17.
The overall expenditure during 2017-18 has been estimated
at Rs 5,103.8 billion, out of which the current expenditure is
Rs 3,763.7 billion and development expenditure is Rs 1,340.1
billion.
The share of current and development expenditure
respectively in total budgetary outlay for 2017-18 is
73.7% and 26.3%.
11
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
The expenditure on General Public Services is estimated
at Rs 2,553.6 billion which is 67.8% of the current
expenditure.
The development expenditure outside PSDP has been
estimated at Rs 152.2 billion in the budget 2017-18.
The size of Public Sector Development
Programme (PSDP) for 2017-18 is Rs 2,113
billion. Out of this, Rs 1,112 billion has been
allocated to provinces.
Federal PSDP has been estimated at Rs 1,001 billion,
out of which Rs 377.9 billion for Federal
Ministries/Divisions, Rs 380.6 billion for
Corporations, Rs 30 billion for
FATA: A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The overall security situation in FATA in 2016 witnessed a
drastic improvement according to a report recently published
by FATA Analysis and Strategy Team, (FAST) titled, FATA
2016-FAST Annual Situation Analysis. While the state of
affairs in Mohmand agency remain volatile as the area is
moving towards becoming a 'militancy density zone', the year
2016 saw an overall reduction in militancy in FATA, as
militant related acts dropped from 691 in 2015 to 479 in 2016.
As a result of the success of military operations, the
repatriation of Temporarily Displaced Persons (TDPs) had a
success rate of 80%. The success in curbing terrorist activities
has primarily been due to the military operations conducted
by the Pakistani Army against terrorist outfits; namely the
Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and the Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
(JUA), and associated groups. In particular, the launch of
operation Zarb-e- Azb in 2014 and ongoing operation Radd-
ul -Fasad has played an instrumental role in pushing the TTP
into Afghanistan and seeking sanctuary there.1 However,
despite the military successes, the threat of terrorism is still at
large as is being witnessed in the Mohmand agency.
Therefore, stringent security measures need to be adopted in
order to completely curb the threat.
However, military success has come at a cost. Since 2006,
more than 6864 people, including paramilitary forces have
been killed in terror related violence.2 Since the US
intervention in Afghanistan, the state of affairs in FATA have
consistently deteriorated , with a marked increase in violence,
casualties and wide scale displacement. FATA has suffered
greatly due to events in neighbouring Afghanistan, and while
success has been achieved in eliminating the TTP safe havens
in FATA, the fact that the TTP has set up bases across the
border in Afghanistan is a cause of concern as is the alleged
refuge given by Afghanistan to the TTP, and the JUA, as well
as affiliated insurgent groups. The provinces of Kunar,
Nuristan,3 Paktika, Gardaiz, Nangarhar and Pakita have
become the TTP's launching pads for cross border attacks into
Pakistan.4 In 2016, more than 50 cross border attacks took
place, with 29 of them in the Bajaur agency which borders
Afghanistan's Kunar province.5 Apart from targeting
Pakistani check posts, the TTP have launched major attacks
in Pakistan, including the attack on the Pakistani air force
base, Badaber in Peshawar in September 2015, attack on the
Army Public School in December 2015 which left 140 children
dead,6 as well as a string of suicide bombings at Lal Shehbaz
Qalandar shrine in Lahore, and Sewan Sharif in Sindh which
killed scores of people.
As a result, Pakistan also announced several new border
mechanisms to effectively secure its side of the border,
prevent illegal crossing of militants and also to put an end to
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Prime Minister's SDGs Achievement Programme, Rs 40
billion for Special Federal Development Programme, Rs
12.5 billion for Energy for All, Rs 12.5 billion for Clean
Drinking Water for All, Rs 7.5 billion for Earthquake
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA), Rs 5
billion for Special Provision for Competition of CPEC
Projects, Rs 45 billion for Relief and Rehabilitation of IDPs,
Rs 45 billion for Security Enhancement, Rs 20 billion for
Prime Minister's Initiative and Rs 25 billion for Gas
Infrastructure Development Cess
To meet expenditure, bank borrowing has been estimated for
2017-18 at Rs 390.1 billion, which is significantly lower than
revised estimates of 2016-17.
the continuous accusations levelled against Pakistan by Kabul
for abetting the Taliban attacks in Afghanistan. These include the
construction of several new posts, gates, aerial surveillance, as
well as valid and legal travel documents (passport and visa) for
all crossing the Pak-Afghan border. These new border initiatives
have played a significant role in securing Pakistan's side of the
border.
Apart from instability in Afghanistan, outdated administrative
arrangements, weak and ineffective governance, rampant
corruption, poor planning coupled with skewed development
priorities continue to be the reasons behind FATA's current state
of instability.
With the exception of a few minor amendments, Islamabad has
continued to exercise the outdated British model of
administration and retain the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR)
enacted in 1901. Despite nearly 70 years of independence, FATA
has continued to operate under the same social, economic,
political and legal system of administration and its people have
been subjected to outdated laws that deny them the same
democratic political system, fundamental human rights, and
economic opportunities prevailing in the rest of Pakistan. Today,
FATA's state of affairs are defined by rampant poverty (almost
60 per cent of the population living below the poverty line) 7 and
dismally low literacy rates ( 17 per cent of the overall population
in FATA is literate).8 According to the report, reforms in FATA
(political, administrative, social and economic), continue to be
undermined by corruption and Islamabad’s reluctance to deal
with the issue. Militant groups like the TTP were able to easily
seek refuge in FATA which was an area with little or no State
authority. They thrived on the weak points of FATA i.e. poverty,
illiteracy, State neglect and institutional isolation, win or gain
popular support, and eventually established parallel government
institutions.
FATA is possibly going through its most critical phase in its
history – and the ultimate test and solution for FATA is political,
social and economic development. However, this cannot be
achieved unless and until its vague semi-autonomous status in
the constitution is determined. The government must reform
and revitalize the system of administration currently in practice
in FATA and replace it with the existing structure of governance
prevailing throughout the rest of Pakistan. Hence, the essential
pre-requisite for any change in FATA begins by changing the
status of FATA from a ‘special area’ to an integral part of a
province – in FATA’s case, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Hence, in this regard it is essential that pledges made by the
current government for bringing reforms and development to
FATA through FATA's reform package announced in March
2017, which was highly welcomed and a much needed step in the
right direction. While immense hope and optimism had been
12
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
generated, the government's decision to delay the
implementation of the highly anticipated reforms has once
again erased hopes for the people and future of FATA. Despite
numerous promises of reform and development, the area has
remained neglected by those in power and its greatest
tragedy has always been its blatant neglect.
Even when there have been opportune moments to change the
status of FATA, (as was the case with the recent reform
package) political differences and clashing interests seem to
have taken precedence. By failing to integrate FATA into the
mainstream, the successive governments are partly, if not
completely responsible for the current unrest and lawless
nature of the area that has made it a perfect breeding ground
for extremist elements. Half-hearted policies in the past have
not worked, and in fact, have only made things worse and
ignited resentment and doubt in the minds of the masses.
FATA cannot be isolated any more, nor can its people be
neglected as they have been in the past. Bringing reform and
development to FATA lie within the ambit and purview of the
government and decision makers of the country. Hence, in
order to maintain stability in FATA and consolidate the gains
made in FATA and against terrorism, reforms in FATA
should be seen through and implemented at the earliest in
letter and spirit. FATA: A Situational Analysis
June 05, 2017
the overall security situation in FATA in 2016 witnessed a
drastic improvement according to a report recently published
by FATA Analysis and Strategy Team, (FAST) titled, FATA
2016-FAST Annual Situation Analysis. While the state of
affairs in Mohmand agency remain volatile as the area is
moving towards becoming a 'militancy density zone', the year
2016 saw an overall reduction in militancy in FATA, as
militant related acts dropped from 691 in 2015 to 479 in 2016.
As a result of the success of military operations, the
repatriation of Temporarily Displaced Persons (TDPs) had a
success rate of 80%. The success in curbing terrorist activities
has primarily been due to the military operations conducted
by the Pakistani Army against terrorist outfits; namely the
Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and the Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
(JUA), and associated groups. In particular, the launch of
operation Zarb-e- Azb in 2014 and ongoing operation Radd-
ul -Fasad has played an instrumental role in pushing the TTP
into Afghanistan and seeking sanctuary there.1 However,
despite the military successes, the threat of terrorism is still at
large as is being witnessed in the Mohmand agency.
Therefore, stringent security measures need to be adopted in
order to completely curb the threat.
However, military success has come at a cost. Since 2006,
more than 6864 people, including paramilitary forces have
been killed in terror related violence.2 Since the US
intervention in Afghanistan, the state of affairs in FATA have
consistently deteriorated , with a marked increase in violence,
casualties and wide scale displacement. FATA has suffered
greatly due to events in neighbouring Afghanistan, and while
success has been achieved in eliminating the TTP safe havens
in FATA, the fact that the TTP has set up bases across the
border in Afghanistan is a cause of concern as is the alleged
refuge given by Afghanistan to the TTP, and the JUA, as well
as affiliated insurgent groups. The provinces of Kunar,
Nuristan,3 Paktika, Gardaiz, Nangarhar and Pakita have
become the TTP's launching pads for cross border attacks into
Pakistan.4 In 2016, more than 50 cross border attacks took
place, with 29 of them in the Bajaur agency which borders
Afghanistan's Kunar province.5 Apart from targeting
Pakistani check posts, the TTP have launched major attacks
in Pakistan, including the attack on the Pakistani air force
base, Badaber in Peshawar in September 2015, attack on the
Army Public School in December 2015 which left 140 children
dead,6 as well as a string of suicide bombings at Lal Shehbaz
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Qalandar shrine in Lahore, and Sewan Sharif in Sindh which
killed scores of people.
As a result, Pakistan also announced several new border
mechanisms to effectively secure its side of the border, prevent
illegal crossing of militants and also to put an end to the
continuous accusations levelled against Pakistan by Kabul for
abetting the Taliban attacks in Afghanistan. These include the
construction of several new posts, gates, aerial surveillance, as
well as valid and legal travel documents (passport and visa) for
all crossing the Pak-Afghan border. These new border initiatives
have played a significant role in securing Pakistan's side of the
border.
Apart from instability in Afghanistan, outdated administrative
arrangements, weak and ineffective governance, rampant
corruption, poor planning coupled with skewed development
priorities continue to be the reasons behind FATA's current state
of instability.
With the exception of a few minor amendments, Islamabad has
continued to exercise the outdated British model of
administration and retain the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR)
enacted in 1901. Despite nearly 70 years of independence, FATA
has continued to operate under the same social, economic,
political and legal system of administration and its people have
been subjected to outdated laws that deny them the same
democratic political system, fundamental human rights, and
economic opportunities prevailing in the rest of Pakistan. Today,
FATA's state of affairs are defined by rampant poverty (almost
60 per cent of the population living below the poverty line) 7 and
dismally low literacy rates ( 17 per cent of the overall population
in FATA is literate).8 According to the report, reforms in FATA
(political, administrative, social and economic), continue to be
undermined by corruption and Islamabad’s reluctance to deal
with the issue. Militant groups like the TTP were able to easily
seek refuge in FATA which was an area with little or no State
authority. They thrived on the weak points of FATA i.e. poverty,
illiteracy, State neglect and institutional isolation, win or gain
popular support, and eventually established parallel government
institutions.
FATA is possibly going through its most critical phase in its
history – and the ultimate test and solution for FATA is political,
social and economic development. However, this cannot be
achieved unless and until its vague semi-autonomous status in
the constitution is determined. The government must reform
and revitalize the system of administration currently in practice
in FATA and replace it with the existing structure of governance
prevailing throughout the rest of Pakistan. Hence, the essential
pre-requisite for any change in FATA begins by changing the
status of FATA from a ‘special area’ to an integral part of a
province – in FATA’s case, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Hence, in this regard it is essential that pledges made by the
current government for bringing reforms and development to
FATA through FATA's reform package announced in March
2017, which was highly welcomed and a much needed step in the
right direction. While immense hope and optimism had been
generated, the government's decision to delay the
implementation of the highly anticipated reforms has once again
erased hopes for the people and future of FATA. Despite
numerous promises of reform and development, the area has
remained neglected by those in power and its greatest tragedy
has always been its blatant neglect.
Even when there have been opportune moments to change the
status of FATA, (as was the case with the recent reform package)
political differences and clashing interests seem to have taken
precedence. By failing to integrate FATA into the mainstream,
the successive governments are partly, if not completely
responsible for the current unrest and lawless nature of the area
that has made it a perfect breeding ground for extremist
elements. Half-hearted policies in the past have not worked, and
13
 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
in fact, have only made things worse and ignited resentment
and doubt in the minds of the masses.
FATA cannot be isolated any more, nor can its people be
neglected as they have been in the past. Bringing reform and
development to FATA lie within the ambit and purview of the
government and decision makers of the country. Hence, in
order to maintain stability in FATA and consolidate the gains
made in FATA and against terrorism, reforms in FATA
should be seen through and implemented at the earliest in
letter and spirit. FATA: A Situational Analysis
June 05, 2017
the overall security situation in FATA in 2016 witnessed a
drastic improvement according to a report recently published
by FATA Analysis and Strategy Team, (FAST) titled, FATA
2016-FAST Annual Situation Analysis. While the state of
affairs in Mohmand agency remain volatile as the area is
moving towards becoming a 'militancy density zone', the year
2016 saw an overall reduction in militancy in FATA, as
militant related acts dropped from 691 in 2015 to 479 in 2016.
As a result of the success of military operations, the
repatriation of Temporarily Displaced Persons (TDPs) had a
success rate of 80%. The success in curbing terrorist activities
has primarily been due to the military operations conducted
by the Pakistani Army against terrorist outfits; namely the
Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and the Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
(JUA), and associated groups. In particular, the launch of
operation Zarb-e- Azb in 2014 and ongoing operation Radd-
ul -Fasad has played an instrumental role in pushing the TTP
into Afghanistan and seeking sanctuary there.1 However,
despite the military successes, the threat of terrorism is still at
large as is being witnessed in the Mohmand agency.
Therefore, stringent security measures need to be adopted in
order to completely curb the threat.
However, military success has come at a cost. Since 2006,
more than 6864 people, including paramilitary forces have
been killed in terror related violence.2 Since the US
intervention in Afghanistan, the state of affairs in FATA have
consistently deteriorated , with a marked increase in violence,
casualties and wide scale displacement. FATA has suffered
greatly due to events in neighbouring Afghanistan, and while
success has been achieved in eliminating the TTP safe havens
in FATA, the fact that the TTP has set up bases across the
border in Afghanistan is a cause of concern as is the alleged
refuge given by Afghanistan to the TTP, and the JUA, as well
as affiliated insurgent groups. The provinces of Kunar,
Nuristan,3 Paktika, Gardaiz, Nangarhar and Pakita have
become the TTP's launching pads for cross border attacks into
Pakistan.4 In 2016, more than 50 cross border attacks took
place, with 29 of them in the Bajaur agency which borders
Afghanistan's Kunar province.5 Apart from targeting
Pakistani check posts, the TTP have launched major attacks
in Pakistan, including the attack on the Pakistani air force
base, Badaber in Peshawar in September 2015, attack on the
Army Public School in December 2015 which left 140 children
dead,6 as well as a string of suicide bombings at Lal Shehbaz
Qalandar shrine in Lahore, and Sewan Sharif in Sindh which
killed scores of people.
As a result, Pakistan also announced several new border
mechanisms to effectively secure its side of the border,
prevent illegal crossing of militants and also to put an end to
the continuous accusations levelled against Pakistan by Kabul
for abetting the Taliban attacks in Afghanistan. These include
the construction of several new posts, gates, aerial
surveillance, as well as valid and legal travel documents
(passport and visa) for all crossing the Pak-Afghan border.
These new border initiatives have played a significant role in
securing Pakistan's side of the border.
Apart from instability in Afghanistan, outdated
administrative arrangements, weak and ineffective
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
governance, rampant corruption, poor planning coupled with
skewed development priorities continue to be the reasons behind
FATA's current state of instability.
With the exception of a few minor amendments, Islamabad has
continued to exercise the outdated British model of
administration and retain the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR)
enacted in 1901. Despite nearly 70 years of independence, FATA
has continued to operate under the same social, economic,
political and legal system of administration and its people have
been subjected to outdated laws that deny them the same
democratic political system, fundamental human rights, and
economic opportunities prevailing in the rest of Pakistan. Today,
FATA's state of affairs are defined by rampant poverty (almost
60 per cent of the population living below the poverty line) 7 and
dismally low literacy rates ( 17 per cent of the overall population
in FATA is literate).8 According to the report, reforms in FATA
(political, administrative, social and economic), continue to be
undermined by corruption and Islamabad’s reluctance to deal
with the issue. Militant groups like the TTP were able to easily
seek refuge in FATA which was an area with little or no State
authority. They thrived on the weak points of FATA i.e. poverty,
illiteracy, State neglect and institutional isolation, win or gain
popular support, and eventually established parallel government
institutions.
FATA is possibly going through its most critical phase in its
history – and the ultimate test and solution for FATA is political,
social and economic development. However, this cannot be
achieved unless and until its vague semi-autonomous status in
the constitution is determined. The government must reform
and revitalize the system of administration currently in practice
in FATA and replace it with the existing structure of governance
prevailing throughout the rest of Pakistan. Hence, the essential
pre-requisite for any change in FATA begins by changing the
status of FATA from a ‘special area’ to an integral part of a
province – in FATA’s case, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Hence, in this regard it is essential that pledges made by the
current government for bringing reforms and development to
FATA through FATA's reform package announced in March
2017, which was highly welcomed and a much needed step in the
right direction. While immense hope and optimism had been
generated, the government's decision to delay the
implementation of the highly anticipated reforms has once again
erased hopes for the people and future of FATA. Despite
numerous promises of reform and development, the area has
remained neglected by those in power and its greatest tragedy
has always been its blatant neglect.
Even when there have been opportune moments to change the
status of FATA, (as was the case with the recent reform package)
political differences and clashing interests seem to have taken
precedence. By failing to integrate FATA into the mainstream,
the successive governments are partly, if not completely
responsible for the current unrest and lawless nature of the area
that has made it a perfect breeding ground for extremist
elements. Half-hearted policies in the past have not worked, and
in fact, have only made things worse and ignited resentment and
doubt in the minds of the masses.
FATA cannot be isolated any more, nor can its people be
neglected as they have been in the past. Bringing reform and
development to FATA lie within the ambit and purview of the
government and decision makers of the country. Hence, in order
to maintain stability in FATA and consolidate the gains made in
FATA and against terrorism, reforms in FATA should be seen
through and implemented at the earliest in letter and spirit.
(Source: Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, by
Amina Khan & Najam Rafiq)
14
 Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
WEEKLY CURRENT AFFAIRS
MCQS
(May 31 – June 8)
1. Which are the disputed border areas between India
and China: Aksai Chin & Macmohan Line
2. A demarcation line that separates Indian-controlled
territory from Chinese-controlled territory is known
as: Line of Actual Control (LAC).
A demarcation line that separates Indian-held
Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir is called:
Line of Control (LoC)
3. Which country has produced fastest hypersonic?
Russia
4. What is the name of fastest hypersonic jet, made
recently by Russia? Zarkoon Cruise (4600 Km/h--
its speed is 4 to five point faster than speed of
sound)
5. Iran's current defence minister, who recently
threatened its neighbouring countries and America),
is: Hussain Dahqan
6. Current Governor of KPK is: Zafar Iqbal Jhagra
7. Advisor to PM on foriegn affairs is: Sartaj Aziz
(who is also de facto foreign minister of
Pakistan)
8. US President has announced that America will
withdraw from: Parish Climate Accord
Paris Climate Accord aim at: reducing global
warming well below 2 centigrade)
9. UAE (United Arab Emirates) is a federation of: 7
Emirates(Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman,
Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al-Khaima)
10. Capital of Kazakhstan is: Astana
11. Pakistan & India are going to become full member of
SCO (Shangai Cooperation Organization--formed in
April 1996)
12. Which two cities in Pakistan has recently banned
styling beard? Ormara and Kharan in
Balochistan
13. Members of SCO, after joining of India & Pakistan,
are: 8 ( China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan--Pakistan &
India joining)
14. Which French personality has recently been
investigated over Karachi Kickback dealings for sale of
agosta class submarine by the French govt. to
Pakistan? Balladur (former French PM)
15. Which country has recently cancelled friendly T20
against Pakistan? Afghanistan (by accusing
Pakistan of recent Kabul blast)
16. Capital of Phillipine is: Manila
17. India's current external affairs minister is: Sushma
Swaraj
18. Recently, India has named a road in Delhi after a
Russian ambassador; his name is? Alexander
Kadakin
19. Russian & India has decided to hold first tri-Services
exercises, which are named as: Indra 2017
20. Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy, who had already won two
Oscar awards, has recently won: Knight
International Journalism Award 2017 (by
ICFJ--International Centre for Journalists)
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
21. Sharmeen Obaid was previously awarded Two Oscar
Awards for her documentaries: Girl in the River
(2015) & Saving Face (2012)
22. Another person to be awarded with Knight
International Journalism Award 2017 is: Karam al-
Masri (a syrian photojournalist who
photgraphed war-torn aleppo)
23. On 2nd June, a leading laweyer of Pakistan, secretary
to Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1940s and legal
consultant of all Pakistan's military dictators has died
at age of 94: his name is? Sharif-ud-din Pirzada
24. IRNA (Islamic Repulic News Agency), whose
photojournalist has recently assaulted by two men in
Islamabad, belongs to: Iran
25. NASA has announced to world's first ever mission to
Sun in 2018; its name is: The Parker Solar Probe
26. Which Pakistan Cricketer has announced retirement
today? Abdul Razzaq
27. Pakistan has ordered to freeze bank accounts of 5100
suspected terrorists including? Masood Azhar
(Jaish-e-Muhammad & Abdul Aziz (Lal Masjid)
28. NACTA (National Counter Terrorism Authority) was
initially formed in 2009 but its complete frame was
established in 2013 under: NACTA Act 2013
29. FATF (Financial Action Task Force), established in
1989 aims at: combating money laundering &
terrorist financing
30. West Indian Cricket team, on its 91st anniversary, has
changed its name officially as: Windies (while West
Indian Cricket Board has been renamed as:
Cricket West Indies)
31. 31st Death anniversary of famous film actor “Nanna”
(Rafi Khawar) was celebrated on: 3rd June
32. Newly elected chairman of Punjab food Authority is?
Amir Hayat Hiraj (MPA)
33. Pakistani Singer, Jawad Ahmad, has recently got his
new political party registered by Election Commission;
its name is? Barabri Party Pakistan
34. According to 21st edition of Dubai International Holy
Quran Award, Islamic personality of the year is?
Shah Salman (Saudi king)
35. Current PIA chairman is: M. Irfan Iahi
36. Name of current U.S vice president is: Mike Pence
37. Pakistan's permanent representative to the United
Nations is: Dr Maleeha Lodhi (while first one
was Patras Bukhari)
38. Punjab Finance Minister is: Dr Ayesha Ghaus
Pasha
39. Which team has won 12 times UEFA League of
Champions? Real Madrid (by defeating Juventis)
40. Real Madrid has become first team to score: 500th
Goal in League of Champions
41. Who has written first ever versed translation of Holy
Quran in Punjabi? Allama Khurshid Kamal
42. West Indian Cricket team, on its 91st anniversary, has
changed its name officially as: Windies (while West
Indian Cricket Board has been renamed as:
Cricket West Indies)
15
 Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
43. World Environment Day 2017 has been celebbrated
on: 5 June
44. Theme of World Environment Day 2017 was:
“Connecting the People to Nature”
45. Japanese Ambassador to Pakistan, who recently
called on Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Qamar
Javed Bajwa:Takashi Kurai
46. Sindh government,on 5 June, presented its
fifth budgetin Sindh Assembly for 2017-18 with a total
outlay of: Rs 1.04 trillion
47. Current Chairman National Peace Council for inter-
faith harmonyis?Ghulam Mustafa Ansari
48. Which country has recently been accused ofsupporting
terrorist by Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab
Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Yemen and the Maldives:
Qatar (actually Qatar wants to improve
relations with Suadi Arab’s rival Iran)
49. World Bank predicted that Pakistan’s economy will
grow in 2018 by: 5.5 %
50. FIFA (Fédération Internationale De Football
Association) world cup 2018 will be played in: Russia
51. Reuters, an international news agency, belongs to:
London, UK
52. India’s current high commissioner (ambassador) to
Pakistan is: Gautam Bambawale
53. Capital of Qatar is? Doha
54. India & Pakistan are going to become formally and
officially member of SCO on 17th conference of SCO.
Where will this conference be held? Astana (Capital
of Kazakhstan)
55. 17th SCO conference is going to be held from: 8-9 June
2017
56. GCC stands for: Gulf Cooperation Council
57. Ennahda Party (also known as Renaissance Party)
belongs to: Tunisia (this supposedly moderate
Islamic Party) plays important role in beginning of
Arab spring esp. in Tunisia
58. President of Ennahda party is? Rached Ghanouchi
59. Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan al-Muslimun) , which
was founded in 1928 by Hasan al-Bana, belongs to:
Egypt
TRANSCRIPTS OF TALK SHOWS
CNN'S AMANPOUR(CNN HOST: CHRISTIANE AMANPUR)
This CNN talk show covers debates over important
topics of current affairs such as Six days that changed
the Middle East
AMANPOUR: Extremism plagues the Middle East where 50
years ago today, Israel caused a devastating attack against his
Arab neighbors. Coming up war and occupation, the
complicated legacy of the six-day war.
AMANPOUR: Welcome back. The Archbishop of Canterbury
told me that without peace in the Middle East, this kind of
terrorism is going to continue. Now, 50 years ago today, on
June 5, 1967, when Israel responded to threatening moves by
its Arab neighbors, it launched a punishing assault. And in just
six days, it captured land in East Jerusalem, the West Bank-
Gaza. Territories that had been hot benefit of tension and
resistance ever since. CNN Oren Liebermann looks at how the
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
60. After frequent attacks in Paris, France has introduced
new counter terrorist task force, named as? National
Centre for Counter Terrorism
61. Afghanistan peace conference has been held on? 7th
June
62. Afghanistan’s current foreign minister is:
Salahuddin Rabbani
63. Afghan’s national security advisor is: Hanif Atmar
64. Which Balkan country has recently joined NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization: est. 1949) while
defying Russia? Montenegro
65. How many members are included in NATO now? 29
(after joining of Montenegro)
66. . President of UEFA (Union of European Football
Assocation) is: Aleksander Ceferin
67. President of FIFA is: Gianni Infantino
68. Wordl Brain Tumor day is celebrated on: 8 June
(every year)
69. Current Attorney General of Pakistan is: Ashtar
Ausaf Ali
70. Current Auditor General of Pakistan is: Haq Nawaz
71. Current Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan is: Salman
Faruqi
72. Current Federal Tax Ombudsman of Pakistan is:
Abdul Rauf Ch.
73. Where is headquarters of OECD (Organization for
Economic Development & Cooperation)? Paris
74. Current Secretary General of OECD is: Jose Angel
Gurria
75. Pakistan’s current ambassador to France is: Moeen
ul Haq
76. UK general election have been held on: 8th June 2017
(today)
77. India’s current army chief is: Bipin Rawat
78. In the case of Kalbushan, Pakistan has recommended
three ad-hoc appointees at ICJ. Among them one
appointee will be ad-hoc judge there; they are:
Former chief justices of Pakistan (CJP) Nasirul
Mulk and Tassaduq Hussain Jillani and former
Attorney General Makhdoom
fallout from the Six-Day War still impacts our world. (BEGIN
VIDEOTAPE)
OREN LIEBERMANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT:
(INAUDIBLE) in Jerusalem saw some of the fiercest fightings.
Yaakov Hetz was there, a young paratrooper.
YAAKOV HETZ, RETIRED IDF PARATROOPER: When you
are in the trench, the only thing that interest you is to survive
and I was kind of a surviving machine.
LIEBERMANN: This is what it looks like now Tramline runs
down the hill, down the seemed dividing east and west. All war
traces of the border are gone then looked different.
When Israeli troops crossed in the East Jerusalem, they were
crossing in the territory controlled by Jordan which had
assumed control after Israel (INAUDIBLE) independence 19
years earlier.
16
 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
NOURA CARMY, JERUSALEM RESIDENT: I was born in
Jerusalem-Palestine. I grew up in Jerusalem-Jordan, and since
1967, I'm a residence of occupied troops.
LIEBERMANN: Noura Carmy remembers the fighting like it
was yesterday.
CARMY: The shock of walking to Damascus gate with Israeli
soldier all around us, this is something I can never forget.
LIEBERMANN: As they came through this line gate's
entrance, Israeli army was just a few hundred meters away
from its ultimate price, and that was the Western Wall.
HETZ: It took me several years to realize what we did and of
course now we are very proud that they (INAUDIBLE) we had
the chance to free Jerusalem and to unite Jerusalem.
LIEBERMANN: For the city's Palestinian residence, as Sari
Nusseibeh recalls, it was obvious, things would never be the
same. SARI NUSSEIBEH, AL-QUDS UNIVERSITY
PROFESSOR: When we discovered that Arab armies have lost
and so swiftly and quickly there was great sense of shock and
disbelief.
LIEBERMANN: The war lasted just six days. To Israel, the
result was momentous. Territories seized from Egypt, from
Syria and from Jordan and all of Jerusalem under his
control.In the summer merely after the war -
LIEBERMANN: Former Israeli Diplomat and Historian
Michael Oren has an unusual spin.
MICHAEL OREN, FORMER ISRAELI AMBASSADOR TO
THE U.S.: In the Six-Day War for the first time reunites the
three largest centers of Palestinian population under one
governance, and that's Israel. And so the Palestinians from the
West Bank the meet the Palestinians from Gaza and it creates a
tremendous infusion of Palestinian identity that didn't exist
before them. So in a very strange way, the Palestinian are one
of the big winners of the Six-Day War.
LIEBERMANN: The Palestinians certainly wouldn't see it
like that.
OREN: Well, they should. I think that it's only in the
aftermath of the Six-Day War that the world begins to
recognize that Palestinians have aspirations to stay put.
LIEBERMANN: Nusseibeh sees the legacy of the war
differently. A Six-Day war that led to intractable 50-year
conflict.
NUSSEIBEH: The Six-Day War basically created the
problem for each side for our side because it has become very
hard to create an independent state as Palestinians. And for
them, it has become very hard to create a Jewish democratic
state.
LIEBERMANN: Jerusalem only they Christians, Muslims
and Jews has become so often a place of division rather than
unity. Stories of this past, the status of its present, and
decisions about its future, all caught up in the conflict with the
city at its center. Orem Liebermann, CNN Jerusalem.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
AMANPOUR: 50 years ago, it was (INAUDIBLE) little Israel
that fended off all those Arab states, and today as you heard,
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
still no peace 50 years later. Dorit Rabinyan is an Israeli
novelist with a unique perspective. A book All The Rivers is a
story of a love affair between an Israeli woman and a
Palestinian man but it was banned from Israel's high school
curriculum by the Ministry of Education. It called the book a
threat to Israel's national identity. I spoke to her earlier today.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
AMANPOUR: Dorit Rabinyan, welcome to the program.
DORIT RABINYAN, ISRAELI NOVELIST: Hello Christiane,
thank you so much for having me and good to be here.
AMANPOUR: I'm going to get to your book in a second and
your very intimate story about both sides but given the attacks
here, how do you relate as an Israeli as you watching all this
unfold?
[14:49:45] RABINYAN: I feel I'm too equipped to answer this
- I'm overqualified. We in my generation, we were brought out
with this atmosphere. I just came back from a tour in the U.K.
and I felt so much the echoes of my memories being reflected
from my leadership. And in England and in Ireland and I felt
so unwillingly close with our experience nowadays that you
face terror in a way that we were brought up with this climate
of terror. And I cannot show any - my only tool is -- my only
gesture is empathy.
AMANPOUR: Which is a beautiful way to get into your story
because it is about empathy and it is about that empathy that's
the most intimate. Tell me about your relationship with the
Palestinian, how you came to write this book, and what you
were trying to say, not just as a fiction or as a story but as a
reflection of the world you live in?
RABINYAN: OK. This notorious book of mine that became a
major cause for a scandal in Israel politics because of being
banned from the - by the Ministry of Education from the high
school curriculum was actually written as a very intimate
letter for somebody I knew back then I was living in New York.
In Brooklyn, I get to meet a very inspiring group of Palestinian
intellectuals, scholars, and artists. And among them, there was
a very unique person that I got close to. This closeness was very
much of a revelation for both sides, Palestinians and Israelis
who come to meet overseas, experience some sort of
superpower encounter of getting to know the boy or the girl
from the next door that you have never got to see, got to look in
an equal ground, in a more respectful environment. And to
really explore one another.
AMANPOUR: And given that it has such a power and that
almost you had to be transplanted Israelis and Palestinians to
understand the deep connection that you have as people, why
on earth was it banned?
RABINYAN: Because it was considered to be a danger to the
young Israeli leaders nowadays that empathy is being
radicalized by the current regime. Netanyahu had made
empathy identification, crossing your own skin, and wearing
the other's perspective even for a short while as reading a
novel, tasting what it is to be somebody else is considered
nowadays Israel to be a radical act, so the Ministry of
Education had found my book to be a danger to the young
readers in Israel.
AMANPOUR: You know, in the 50th anniversary of the Six-
Day War, and obviously, that was a matter of great heroism in
Israel, great military accomplishment, but of course, it's led to
50 years of occupation, and sadly, still no peace. How do you
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reflect on -- how do you mark the anniversary of the Six-Day
War and the Israeli victory?
RABINYAN: Oh, we've become so victorious that we've been
paying for 50 years of conflict being so ongoing violent,
ongoing -- despairing any hope.
This no hope situation that has been going on for so long,
both in the Palestinian side and both in the Israeli side is being
filled -- this void is being filled with extremers with
fundamentalist powers who trying to shift Israel's portrait as
much as our neighbors.
AMANPOUR: And what is the status, the fate of your
Palestinian friend, the subject of this book?
RABINYAN: I'm sorry to reveal the ending of my novel, but
it's not - it's not a very happy one. But yet, it goes through a
relationship that is most significant and it has an echo that I
received letters from both Israelis and Palestinians define both
(INAUDIBLE) those young lovers who get to meet in New York
to be reflective of both the flesh and blood of the nowadays
Israeli and Palestinian identity.
AMANPOUR: Dorit, thank you. That's a really great way to
end the - you getting, you know, reaction from both sides of
that divide, and we really hope that it's not another 50 years of
war between your two nations there. Dorit Rabinyan, thank
you so much. RABINYAN: Thank you so much for this prayer.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
World Leaders Condemns Trump's Decision to Pull Out of
Paris Climate Deal
CNN'S
AMANPOUR –II
(CNN HOST: CHRISTIANE AMANPUR)
CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR, CNN ANCHOR: Tonight, John
Kerry, the former U.S. Secretary of State who negotiated and
signed the Paris climate deal, join us live as world leaders
erupting volcanic condemnation at Trump pulling out. We also
get reaction from the European Commission of Climate Action
disappointed but telling me that if the U.S. wants to throw
away its leadership role, it will find other partners like China.
Good evening, everyone, and welcome to the program. I'm
Christiane Amanpour in London. A tsunami of condemnation is
rising around the world following President Trump's decision
to pull out of the Paris climate deal. But in the last few minutes
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chief himself, a
climate skeptic, has called it a bold move that requires no
apology.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
SCOTT PRUITT, EPA CHIEF: I want to first begin by saying
that the president made a very courageous decision yesterday
on behalf of America.
He put America's interest first with respect to environmental
agreements and international discussions. I really appreciate
his fortitude. I really appreciate his leadership in this matter.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: But American businesses and world leaders
have reacted with dismay. In a late night address, the French
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
President Emmanuel Macron, in English no less, called it a
mistake and employed language close to Trump's heart.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
EMMANUEL MACRON, FRENCH PRESIDENT: We all share
the same responsibility, make our planet great again.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: China, the E.U. and India, which along with
the United States make up the word's poor biggest pollution
have all restated their commitment to the deal. And Europe
says the deal cannot be renegotiated. The United Nations which
bracketed back in 2015 said the sit in the U.S. abandon the deal
is a major disappointment.
Meanwhile in American, the governors of California, New
York and Washington State are taking masses into their own
hands forming a new climate alliance.
Now the former Secretary of State John Kerry was the
country's chief negotiator for the deal that President Trump
says, let the world laughing at us. He signed it with his
granddaughter on his lap. The future generation, he too has
delivered a furious reaction saying, "The President who
promised America first has taken a self-destructive step that
puts our nation loss." Well now, former Secretary Kerry joins
me live from Boston. Welcome to the program.
JOHN KERRY, FORMER U.S SECRETARY OF STATE:
Thank you, Christiane. I'm happy to be with you.
AMANPOUR: I don't know when you just heard but in the
last few minutes as you were getting to our studio, Scott Pruitt,
the EPA chief has really been very defiant, no apology needed,
no COP 21. We don't need any regulations or targets to get our
emissions down. We can do it just with the brilliance of our
innovation. Unto that first, if you would?
KERRY: Well, Scott Pruitt is an extremist and he has an
extremist to beliefs there is no climate change. He's one of the
people who is a denier. He believes it's a hoax. He came into
office to undo specifically the progress of the country he has
making. It is really a stark example of the craven and cynicism
with which the president has approach this issue.
The president is trying to tell people this is a bad deal. But the
truth is that every country sets its own mark. There's nothing
that has been impose on the United States whatsoever. Each
country designs its own program according to what it can
achieve. And it is that flexibility, Christiane, that actually made
it possible to reach 195 nation agreement after years, decades
of working on this and trying to do it.
President Trump clearly is trying to appeal to a very narrow
base, shoring up his base. It's clear to me that this is more
political because it can't be substantive. There is no fact cited
on which -- and no science cited much of what he said with
respect to the economic argument is simply not true.
AMANPOUR: Well, let me ask you that because he -- let me
ask you specifically because there were lots of claims flung
around in this briefing just now. Fist of all, the world is
laughing at us. He said those countries who are expressing
disappointment today are doing so because they want to put
the United States at an economic disadvantage. And that also
much as -- well, the president said that the world is laughing at
us because of this deal. So I ask you, did you negotiate a
laughable deal that puts the United State in an economic
disadvantage?
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KERRY: If the world is laughing today, it's also crying. It's a
laugh and crying at the president of the United States who
clearly doesn't know what he's talking about. He really is
ignorant on the issue of climate change. And regrettably, the
world is going to pay a price because American leadership is
important on this. It took us years of work and leadership by
the United States working very specifically with China.
I mean, I would ask Donald Trump, does he think that
President Xi, President Macron that the Prime Minister of
Great Britain, the Chancellor of Germany, don't know what
they're talking about? Are they stupid? Is he accusing them of
somehow buying into a hoax? This is one of the most cynical
and, frankly, ignorant and dangerous self-destructive steps
that I've seen in my entire lifetime in public life.
The president of the United States has not evidenced any
science at all which documents that the move he has making
are going to make the earth safer or better. There is no
economic argument whatsoever that says by the United States
pulling out, we are going to advance American businesses.
American business I might add is against what President
Trump has done. The major fortune 500 companies like Exxon
Mobil, our current secretary of states former company, many
other major companies Dow Chemical, Google, you know,
Apple, all of them are completely dismayed by the step that the
president has taken.
So what I want to make clear to people in the world who are
listening to this, Donald Trump left this agreement, but the
United States of America represented by the massive people
who support doing something about climate change are going
to continue to take steps that will try to advance American
interest and global interest to deal with this problem.
And I talked yesterday with the governor of California, Jerry
Brown, with the governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, with
the governor of Massachusetts, Charlie Baker. I'm grad to see
the governor of Washington, who I didn't talk to, is also going
to be part of an effort to continue to live by Paris. And shortly,
we will have a website up, called livebyParis.com where people
will be able to share their plans and their efforts and initiatives
in order to do what President Trump not is willing to do. But
it's a sad day for American leadership and I think it's a very,
very harmful, dangerous, self-destructive step that's been
taken.
AMANPOUR: You say it's a sad day. You know, obviously,
China is stepping into the void is already very publicly this
week signed a new climate alliance with the E.U. You'll hear in
a second the E.U. climate chief, the commissioner telling me
earlier today that, you know, very disappointed but they will
seek partners elsewhere. How competitive is that to the United
States? What could -- I mean, what does that mean if China
steps into the leading world that the U.S. had?
KERRY: Well, it means that they're going to have an
opportunity to sell their goods and opportunity to be able to
advance their technology. They will have the full support --
they have anyway because it's a government enterprise in
many respects. But they will be pushing the curve of technology
where the federal government of the United States because of
President Trump's decision will be logging.
Now what we do have in America which will still continue to
make a difference here is extraordinary entrepreneurial
innovation and allocation of capital. And because the world's
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
marketplace moved with the decision we made in Paris, there
will be automatic advances made and I think people will
recognize the distinction -- I hope they will recognize the
distinction between American business, the American people
and an extremist administrator of the EPA and a president
who literary does not fully understand these issues.
AMANPOUR: Well, let me ask you something --
KERRY: And who is moving politically and cynically.
[14:10:00] AMANPOUR: Well, you say politically and
cynically, others, you know, there's a part of game going on in
Washington right now, this seems to say apparently leaks from
the White House that this is partly because President Trump
was so up fronted by the lobbying that he got from European
allies during the G7 and NATO summits on this very issue. That
he's delivering a finger to the world that he has been hurt and
emotionally sort of abuse. What -- do you buy that?
KERRY: Well, I -- look, if that's true, grow up. I mean,
honestly, you don't play with the future of the world and the
planet because you have a personal pick about some particular
upfront. It seems to me that that's pretty childish and
irresponsible if that is in fact what it's about.
I think a lot of people think that the cynicism here is that it is
to shore up a base at a time that he is under siege with a series
of investigations and so forth. But, you know, that's a whole
speculation. The important thing here, Christiane, is that the
president has abdicated the American leadership shown by
President Obama who joined with President Xi in order to lead
the effort to get to Paris and be successful.
And what is at stake here is the planet itself. If you
understand what is happening with respect to climate change,
which he obviously doesn't, you know that the Antarctic ice
sheet is increasingly unstable, you know that we are seeing far
more intensive storms, you know that sea level is rising, you
that there is record level of melting of the ice in Greenland and
86 million metric tons of ice are falling every day off of
Greenland into the shore and melting in the ocean, you that
there's a greater intensity to the numbers of fires and floods,
500-year floods occurring now with frequency.
I mean you know these things. And, you know, most of the
scientists of the world in peer-reviewed studies have all
documented the human input through greenhouse gases to the
cause of climate change. There is not one single peer-reviewed
study that says to the contrary it's a hoax.
AMANPOUR: Well, you know --
KERRY: And yet, we have a president and members of the
party who keep citing the fact that there is enough evidence or
that this is a hoax.
AMANPOUR: In fact they did that --
KERRY: It's a stunning, staggering irresponsibility.
AMANPOUR: They did that very thing in fact at the briefing
earlier today. Secretary of State John Kerry, thank you very
much indeed for joining us tonight.
KERRY: Thank you, Christiane. Good to be with you.
AMANPOUR: Now, around the world, famous landmarks
have been going green in solidarity with our planet and of
course to protest Trump's decision. New York's One World
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 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
Trade Center showed its glowing bright above the city. Mexico
City Angel of Independence Monument made itself in green
light as well. And in the French capital, Paris, where the
climate deal was read in 2015, City Hall was also illuminated
by this green glow.
When we come back, the reaction from Europe with the E.U.
commissioner for Climate Action.
AMANPOUR: Welcome back to the program. Despite what
critics are saying, President Trump insists that withdrawing
from the climate deal "Puts America first."
All the while though, China is stepping up its campaign to be
the world's number responsible global citizen and get a lot of
the economic action. It's pushing ahead with a new alliance on
climate change with the E.U.
Earlier, I spoke exclusively to the European commissioner of
the Climate Action Miguel Arias Canete. He told me there is no
going back from Paris with or without the United States.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: Welcome to the program and thanks for
joining us. May I first ask you your reaction both as a
professional and as a person to what happened last night?
MIGUEL ARIAS CANETE, E.U. CLIMATE ACTION
COMMISSIONER: First of all, I must say that European Union
deeply regrets the unilateral decision of President Trump to
withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. The
Paris Agreement was a historical moment in which 195 parties
decided to join efforts to fight one of the biggest challenges the
world is facing, which is global warming. It took years of
negotiation, years of compromise, years of finding the good
solutions for all the parties and to establish a big ambitious
goal and to limit the increase of global warming while below 2
degrees and making efforts to go into direction of 1.5.
AMANPOUR: OK. This is a major --
CANETE: So it's a major disappoint.
AMANPOUR: It's a major disappointment to you. Let me
play this that Donald Trump, the president said last night as
part of what the reasons he gave for pulling out.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
We don't want other leaders and other countries laughing at us
any more. And they won't be.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: Does he have any point at all? In other words,
are the rest of the world taking advantage of the United States
with this climate accord? Is the U.S. in such a negative and
sort of purpose position?
CANETE: Not at all. Nobody is laughing of anything because
fighting climate change is not an issue to laugh. It's one of the
most serious issues we have to face in the future. It is a big
opportunity to make any transition and we brought some jokes
we believe. We, in the European Union, we have the experience.
We have produced world emission since 1990 by 22 percent
and our GNP has increase by 50 percent. So no -- there is a big
opportunity for growth of those in the clean energy transition.
And nobody is laughing of anything. The United States were
very hard negotiators in the Paris Agreement. And Secretary
Kerry especially boy of the United States would fight in daily --
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
show that the interest of the United States were present on the
table. And then we found about this agreement. In 2015 two
major successors of the world community were -- to sustain
development goals and the Paris Agreement on the same day.
In a moment, what's important with Paris Agreement in the
international arena for climate change and for development
we found agreement. So nobody laughs at anybody. And we
were responsible with the present generations and future
generations establishing a very sound agreement with a
fruitful purpose.
AMANPOUR: So, Commissioner, let me just point to you that
there are many in United States who also disagree with the
president for having done this. The governor of California
called it insane. The governor of Washington State called the
president back with thinking part of the flatters and society
and wrong headed.
Let me play to you what the governor of Washington State is
trying to reassure the world by saying. This is what he told
CNN last night.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GOV. JAY INSLEE, (D) WASHINGTON: It is very important
for the international community to not be overly just hardened.
We have a president who is decided not to lead but we
governors and we states are moving forward on constraining
carbon pollution, almost a hundred million people already are
in states that have state laws that are reducing carbon
pollution, almost another hundred million live in states that are
embracing renewable energy to clean up our electrical grid.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: So, Commissioner, what he's saying is that the
cities and the states are doing it anyway no matter what the
U.S. federal government does. And Mayor Bloomberg of New
York, former mayor, has said that U.S. will meet its targets
given the direction cities and states are going in right now.
Does that give you any comfort? Do you believe that the U.S.
will, you know, keep doing the right thing anyway?
CANETE: I'm pretty sure that action to fight climate change
will be to take place in United States at state level, at city level,
at community's level and at business level. So there will be
action, I have no doubt.
But the important thing is that up to now, the American
administration has -- was a leader in fighting climate change,
was a leader in order to seek agreement and they have decided
to withdraw from this agreement and not to play a relevant
role in how we tackle the most challenging matter we have in
the future. So I am disappointed that the administration is not
going to be a relevant player.
AMANPOUR: This week the Chinese signed an alliance on
this issue with the E.U. And the Chinese deputy prime minister
was in Berlin with Angela Merkel, the chancellor. This is what
she said.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ANGELA MERKEL, CHANCELLOR, GERMANY (through
translator): First I'm going to say that I'm pleased that China
stands by the commitment laid out in the climate change
agreement and especially with the visit (inaudible) that
follows, it will be important the corporation of the European
Union with China in this area will play a crucial role especially
in regards to new technologies.
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 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
(END VIDEO CLIP)
AMANPOUR: What's your reaction to that, Commissioner? I
mean all of a sudden China is taking America's place.
CANETE: I have been working a whole year with China in
order to deliver a European Union-China declaration on clean
energy and climate. And today, we are finishing it. We are
going to agree and we are going there for China. The
important thing is that the work is moving on. And in the past,
there was -- there were very good agreement with in China and
the United States. There were agreement with China and the
European Union and there were agreements with many people.
But in the future, we have to keep fighting for the Paris
Agreement. The Paris Agreement is an important treaty. And
we have to deliver on it and we have to implement on it. So it's
natural that the Americans have no -- want to have leadership
in the most important challenge of federal world.There are
remittance of 15 percent of global emission, they have a
responsibility with it -- with the world. If they don't want to
tackle that responsibility it is very pretty natural that we the
European Union, we have the most ambitious climates in
targets. The most ambitious climate finance in support, we'll
partnership with other people who have the same aim of us,
which is being responsible for the future generations and
saving the planet.
AMANPOUR: On that note, Commissioner Canete, thank you
so much indeed for joining.
CANETE: Thank you to you.
AMANPOUR: Very sobering when the Commissioner says
that if America wants to abdicate leadership on the single most
important issue facing our planet. Germany's Environmental
Minister pointing to the maximum allowed, two terms for any
U.S. president says, "The world climate will survive these eight
years without the United States."
CONNECT
THE WORLD
(By CNN Host Robyn Curnow)
CRUNOW: Welcome back. I'm Robyn Curnow. You're
watching CNN. And six countries, including Saudi Arabia and
Egypt have cut diplomatic ties of
Qatar. They accused the Gulf State of supporting terrorism.
But it's not just diplomatic ties. It's also major airlines in the
region. They are suspending flights to and from Qatar, some
with immediate effect. And what is all of these means?Ian Lee
is monitoring developments from Istanbul. This is a serious
crisis. Explain just what's happening.
IAN LEE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: That's right, Robyn. It's
not just that there are severing ties with Qatar nationals from
those countries. It have 14 days to pack up their belongings and
move back, whether they are in Qatar moving back to one of
these six countries or Qatar in one of the six countries moving
back to Qatar.
And it doesn't just that, they are closing airspace to Qatar
Airways, which means that it's going -- they have to travel
further when it's going on routs to Africa. It's going to have to
go around Saudi Arabia, the UAE, other countries, which
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
means it's going to be more difficult and cost more for Qatar
Airways. Also, this means that they're closing the borders and
stopping trade. And this is something that's critical for Qatar.
Qatar gets a large amount of its food from Saudi Arabia
coming across that border. With these ties cut, there will be a
food shortage. And we're already seeing it in Qatar people
making a dash to the grocery store trying to buy food, trying to
buy milk, eggs, chicken, things that come across that border.
[12:45:09] This is really putting the squeeze on Qatar as now
there are six countries, but we have seen over the course of the
day, more country signing on to this separating of diplomatic
ties, Robyn.
CURNOW: And how did we get there?
LEE: Oil price has been growing for some time. There have
been tensions between these countries. And there's a number of
issues that they're facing. One is the Muslim Brotherhood,
which is considered a tourist organization on Saudi Arabia and
the UAE. It outlawed in Egypt, but in Qatar they support the
Muslim Brotherhood.
You also have Iran. Qatar has cordial relations with Iran,
but it's Saudi Arabia, again, an enemy to Iran. They recently
had a summit in Saudi Arabia where President Trump
attended and under leaders of the Islamic world where they
denounced Iran, said that it was a supporting terrorist
organization. That's the one big accusation against Qatar, is
that it's supporting terrorist organizations. It's also creating
instability in the region. This is something that Qatar
imminently denies saying that they aren't doing this.
You also have Al Jazeera, which has been a thorn in the side
of many countries in the gulf world. In Egypt, it's banned and
today in Saudi Arabia. They close down the shop and sent the
journalist out away. So, there are number of reasons, numbers
of things that have created or at least lend themselves to these
prices. Robyn?
CURSOW: Thanks so much, Ian Lee. There is in the assemble
(ph) laying out those consequences.
Let's talk more about it because the moves to isolate Qatar
came soon of the U.S President Donald Trump visited the
region. I want to bring in Ayham Kamel, director of the Middle
East and North Africa Program at the Eurasia Group. He joins
us from London.
And broadly, though, what is this about? Is this about these
old rivalries between Iran and Saudi Arabia?
AYHAM KAMEL, EURASIA GROUP: Well, that's part of it,
Robyn. I think we have observed a lot of issues. It's about the
contrary foreign policy remaining independent. It's about
Qatar supporting the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Libya
and other places. It's about Saudi Arabia asserting itself as the
leader of the GCC. And Qatar has been given a chance by Saudi
Arabia and other countries, including the UAE to reassess its
policies. Those efforts or mediations have failed. Now, I think
the states want Qatar to yield. And that's what where were
heading.
CURSOW: So, is this about an emboldened Saudi?
KAMEL: Absolutely. This is a Saudi Arabia that feels that
President Trump is behind it, that President Trump's
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 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
administration is preoccupied with the Iran threat. And they
see this has a unique opportunity to force Qatar into
concessions.
During President Obama's term I think the U.S. was much
more willing to support a balance within the GCC or within the
gulf. Today, we're seeing a pro-Saudi leadership in the U.S.
that's willing to support it no matter what.
CURSOW: So, it's no accident that these kinds of moves are
taking place shortly after President Trump visited the region?
KAMEL: Absolutely. I think that the Trump visit really
trigger this reaction. The Gulf States and Egypt saw an
opportunity to force Qatar into concessions and they took it.
Definitely not a balance approach we're seeing from
Washington. This is an administration that's focus on the Iran
and ISIS and much, much less interested in sovereignty and
democracy promotion on human lives.
CURSOW: OK. So, then what are the consequences of this?
We heard Ian Lee there talking about a squeeze, about
pressure. The economic impact of people in Qatar will be huge.
What do you think is the domino effect of something like this?
KAMEL: Well, I think that the Qatar economy will definitely
shrink. I think that they will have to barrow at a higher cost.
Their business as well becomes less competitive. Qatar Airways
will have to fly through Iran and Turkey and, therefore,
become less profitable, less competitive. But mostly I think that
it's a Qatar that is no longer able to act as have for investments
or for financial transfers. This is Qatar that is contained. There
is no doubt about it.
CURSOW: OK. And the geopolitical consequence is still might
just play out. For (ph) the region, Ayham Kamel, thank you so
very much for joining us.
CONNECT
THE WORLD
(By CNN Host Becky Anderson)
ANDERSON: But coming together may not be such a cinch.
Let me break down what is pretty much a family feud on
steroids for you, if you will. Picture this, a country club full of
six really good friends, all really, really powerful, all really,
really, really rich. That's basically this, the GCC. They do a
whole load of things together from raising taxes to waging
war. But now three of the most powerful - Saudi Arabia,
Bahrain and the UAE - are you uniting against Qatar.It likes to
go its own way, throwing up loud buildings like this, the shard
that's behind me and running loud networks like al Jazeera.
But the others, well, it seems they are finally fed up with them
not falling into line. So, they are cutting them off in every way
you can imagine and kicking the Qataris out, effectively, or
opening up such a gulf in the Gulf, as it were.
CNN's Muhammad Lila is back in Abu Dhabi with us for the
answers.
And one absolutely incredible allegation coming out of Saudi.
Do tell us what you know.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
MUHAMMAD LILA, CNN INTERNATIONAL
CORRESPONDENT: Well, basically those countries that are
blacklisting Qatar, if you will, accuse Qatar of supporting
terrorism and creating instability in the region, pointing out
Qatar's support for groups like Hamas or the Muslim
Brotherhood.
But I have to point out, Becky, this is much more than just a
severing of diplomatic ties. Look, when you severe diplomatic
ties, what you would do is you would recall your ambassador
and your diplomatic staff. This goes much, much more than
that. For example, these countries are telling Qatari
nationals that are Saudi Arabia or the UAE, for example,
that they have 14 days to leave. They've told Qatari diplomats
that they have 48 hours to leave. And they've also closed their
borders to Qatar. They've closed off air space to Qatar.
So, this is bound to have a ripple effect in the region, a region
that already, as you well know, Becky, any instability in the
region is never a good thing, bu this is a case where, you know,
if Qatar Airways, for example, can't use Saudi airspace then
that almost cuts off Africa from their route map. It means that
they have to take a major detour. It means that there will be
more costs, potentially, to passengers. And there's a financial -
there's the financial hit as well in Qatar itself.
Look, Qatar is a country that might produce natural gas and
oil, but it doesn't produce any of its own food. It relies on
imports for all of their food. A lot of those imports come from
Saudi Arabia. And if Saudi Arabia closes those borders, there's
a real concern of - there's a real concern that food prices in
Qatar, for example, could skyrocket, because imports will be
much harder to bring in.
ANDERSON: Yeah, and there's going to be more on that.
All right, Muhammad, thank you for that. Abu Dhabi, of
course, right in the mix. It's been close to Qatar in almost every
way since day one. In fact, since before day one. Check out this
slice of history. This is the very first meeting about formally
what we now call the UAE. Around the table at that time all the
Emirates, as you might expect, but also Bahrain and Qatar
itself. That's right, it could have been a part of the UAE, but
three years after this photo was taken they chose to pass.
Well, our next guest is flying left, right, and center at the
moment, but we've finally managed to lock him down. A friend
of the show and author of ISIS: A History, Fawaz Gerges is in
the hotseat with me right now, or in the hot stand, as it were.
It isn't really hot here, actually, it's pouring with rain.
I gandered through your book, another gander through your
book, which is an excellent one. It's about ISIS and it's a short
history. What I didn't see was any talk of Qatar funding of ISIS
in any way.
Now, there have been allegations thrown away about Qatar
funding terrorism.
FAWAZ GERGES, AUTHOR: I mean, I think this is the
general accusation that Qatar supports and funds Islamist
groups, radical Islamist groups.
ANDERSON: (inaudible) or substance in that?
GERGES: I mean, there is some substance to the fact that
Qatar supports the Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim
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Brotherhood is not ISIS, but it's classified as a terrorist
organization by Egypt. It's seen as...
ANDERSON: Designated by the UAE and Saudi Arabia as
well.
GERGES: Absolutely.
ANDERSON: But it's a movement as far as Qatar is
concerned.
GERGES: Absolutely.
It supports radical Islamists in Libya who are seen as a
threat not only to Libya, but also to Egypt and North Africa.
But overall, I would argue that - I mean, the key point, the
big point, is that Qatar is a small state tries to really now carve
a bigger role for itself in the region by supporting Islamists,
whether you're talking about mainstream Islamists or radical
Islamists and it does not accept the consensus on Iran in the
region, in particular after the visit by President Trump to
Saudi Arabia.
So, on two fronts creating a broad coalition against Iran and
a big coalition against the Islamists, Qatar has decided to go its
own way, and that's why this is the new crisis.
ANDERSON: But Qatar was at that meeting. There were
some 50-odd Sunni Muslim leaders at the meeting in Riyadh
recently that Trump attended when Iran was front and center
as the bogey man, as it were, and there was an agreement to
counter its influence in the region.
It seems, Iran, to be enjoying the spectacle of this diplomatic
punch up somewhat. And the deputy chief of staff for the
president, Fawaz, reckons this moment was the opening bell
for the fight. When the American president, Donald Trump,
danced in Riyadh, his first stop, of course, on his first trip
abroad in the drop a couple of weeks ago, Iran thinks the
Saudis took this as a green light to take a free hand in the
region. It's what the Iranians are saying.
Between how Saudi sees this, stopping Qatar from spreading
terror, and how Iran sees it as perhaps somewhat amusing
crack between those who might stand up.
What's the lay of the land here? Which side is the U.S. or
Trump on at this point?
GERGES: Well, Trump would like the unity of the Gulf
Cooperation Council. The secretary of state made it very clear
today. He said the unity of the Gulf Cooperation Council is
essential to American foreign policy. Why? Because the
Americans would like to create, setup, a broad coalition
against both Iran and terrorism. And this particular crisis
threaten the unity...
ANDERSON: So, how does Qatar fit into that?
GERGES: Well, look, yes, the Emir of Qatar attended the
meeting in Saudi Arabia, but they were upset, the Qataris were
upset. They were not taken seriously. The Americans believe
that Qatar supports the Islamists, not only the Muslim
Brotherhood, Hamas, too, which is designated as a terrorist
organization. And also the Emir of Qatar after he went home
he basically criticized the meeting in Saudi Arabia. He
criticized some Gulf states.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
And he said, look, the coalition against Iran does not make
sense.
So, it was the spark that triggered the current crisis.
ANDERSON: These were comments, of course, that the Emir
of Qatar says weren't real comments, they were hacked
effectively, made up comments.
GERGES: Neither the Saudis nor the Emiratis nor the
Egyptians basically bought this particular line. And the reality
is the Qataris do not really accept the consensus that has
emerged out of the Saudi meeting. They do not really want to
take part in the coalition against Iran. And they want to pursue
an individualistic foreign policy.
ANDERSON: So, let's just work out just how big a deal this is.
Consider this, Qatar grows barely any of its own food. In fact,
nine out of 10 mouthfuls there are flown or driven in from
elsewhere. So, the country being walled off, effectively, is and
will be causing panic.
Check out these scenes from a supermarket in Doha, people
piling their trolleys high with everything they can. The shopper
who snapped these images tells us she queued for more than
half an hour. Normally, she'd be in line for just a few minutes.
This has a potentially huge impact. This isn't just the rift that
we saw a couple of years ago, this is bigger than that, isn't it?
GERGES: Absolutely. I mean remember, Qatar has the land
border with Saudi Arabia is the only land basically border with
oil. So, basically what Saudi Arabia and Egypt and Bahrain
and the United Arab Emirates and also Yemen are saying they
want to choke off Qatar.I mean, this is not about food, Becky,
what the Arab states are trying to do is to exert more pressure
on Qatar. It's to squeeze Qatar.
ANDERSON: But what's the big - is there an even bigger
picture here, because this is complicated.
GERGES: They want Qatar to accept the consensus that has
emerged in Saudi Arabia. They want Qatar to stop its support
for the Islamists. They want Qatar to be a good citizen in the
Gulf. And at the end of the day, Qatar is in a very, very weak
position. It's in the eye of the storm. It's isolated diplomatically,
politically, and also Saudi Arabia now has called on companies
and business people who do business in Qatar to basically pull
out their businesses from Qatar.
This is one of the most important strategic areas in the
world. The richest part in the world both in terms of gas and
oil. The biggest cash flow in the world is not in China, it's in this
part of the world. It also threatened the unity of the Gulf
Cooperation Council, the U.S.-led coalition against ISIS.
Remember, the U.S.-led air campaign is led from Qatar, the
headquarters of the U.S. campaign. So, it has tremendous
implications not only on Qatar, also on regional geopolitics
and American politics as well.
ANDERSON: Your analysis is very important to what is a
multi-layered and complicated story, but an extremely
important one. Thank you, Fawaz, as ever.
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FAREED
ZAKARIA GPS
(By CNN Host Fareed Zakaria)
Global Reactions to U.S. Withdrawal from Paris Climate
Accord
ZAKARIA: The reaction around the world to Donald Trump's
decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement was fast and
mostly furious. The U.K.'s Guardian played it pretty straight,
"Anger at U.S. as Trump Rejects Climate Accord," and France's
Liberation said simply, "Goodbye, America." Another German
outlet was even more punchy, "Earth to Trump: F you!" So is it
farewell?
Joining me to discuss are Ernest Moniz, who helped
negotiate the Paris Agreement as secretary of energy under
President Obama. Rana Foroohar is CNN's global economics
analyst and the FT's global business columnist. And Richard
Haass, the president of the Council on Foreign Relations and
the author of "A World in Disarray."
Secretary Moniz, let me start by asking you, Donald Trump
said that it was highly likely that he would be able to negotiate
a better deal. What are the prospects of the other 193 countries
doing a new deal now that the United States has pulled out?
ERNEST MONIZ, FMR. SECRETARY OF ENERGY: Well, I
think the -- the odds of that are vanishingly small. And what is,
of course, particularly strange is, if the president were
concerned about the relative size of commitments, the Paris
Agreement has all the flexibility to -- to, for example, reduce the
targets. I wouldn't advocate that, of course, but that's a much
more practical approach, certainly, than arguing that the
whole deal could be redone. I might add it's particularly sad, in
my view, in the sense that the agreement accomplished exactly
what was called for over many years, getting the emerging
economies to have commitments, to have flexibility. So
obviously this -- this action by the president is a major step
backwards. ZAKARIA: Richard, it seems as though, you know,
Secretary Moniz is right, that the Paris accords were pretty
flexible; you could, kind of, do a lot of different things. The
United States can build co-plans under it, for example. Why
withdraw? It seems to be part of a political signaling game that
Donald Trump is playing. If you look at the way he treated
NATO, refused to affirm Article 5, now this, these are symbolic
statements that seem to be all about nationalism and
sovereignty over globalism.
RICHARD HAASS, PRESIDENT, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
AFFAIRS: A hundred percent. This is not about climate change,
per se. This ought to have been a form of multilateralism
Donald Trump should have embraced. This is the most flexible
form of multilateralism. It allows sovereign governments and
countries to choose and adjust their -- what it is they're going
to do.
So, rather than reject this, actually he should have said this
was a model. But he didn't, and your question has the answer
in it. This is symbolic. This is about the politics, the
appearances. He's playing to a domestic base. It's part of his
larger worldview, that when he looks at the last 70 years, I
think, unlike the two of us, rather than see a world that's been
pretty good for the United States of America -- it's been
relatively peaceful, relatively prosperous, an awful lot more
democratic than it ever was -- Donald Trump looks at the
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
world and says somehow it's costing us much more than it's
benefiting us; our allies and our trading partners, to use a
technical phrase, are screwing us.HAASS: And what he wants
to do is essentially disrupt. I can understand, Fareed, why
Vladimir Putin wakes up every day and wants to disrupt. I
can't for the life of me understand, on the merits, why any
American president would want to disrupt the inheritance that
he had. And this -- this will be truly consequential.
ZAKARIA: Rana, what's striking to me is that, for the last
three months, we've been hearing from the president of the
United States about how the world order is unfair and how he
wants to tear it down...... and the president of China about how
he wants to uphold free trade, the rules of the road, world
order and actually expand and enhance it. Is this an
opportunity for the Chinese?
RANA FOROOHAR, CNN GLOBAL ECONOMICS ANALYST:
Well, absolutely. I mean, you already see the Chinese and the
Europeans coming together and saying, "We're going to have
tighter alliances around climate issues; we're going to develop
smart grids; we're going to look into new technologies." And
that's why you see so many business leaders in the U.S. so upset
about Trump pulling back from Paris, because they know that,
when you talk about jobs -- and it's ironic that he's making the
economic argument for trashing this agreement. Because when
you think about jobs, the jobs are in smart tech; they're in
green techs, which, by the way, have become more cost-
effective relative to fossil fuels for some time now.
So that's one interesting point. But again, from a political
standpoint -- and I agree with Richard -- this is theater for
Trump. You know, this is playing to his base. In a way, it works
internally amongst his advisers. He splits the difference
between the Steve Bannon nationalist camp and the moderate
Gary Cohn camp by saying, "I'm not going to deny the science,
but I'm going to stand up to these Europeans who are
pandering in their salons and the Chinese, who are saying that
they're going to be global leaders while they build more coal-
fired power plant. So it works very well for him at home.
ZAKARIA: Pittsburgh -- he says "I represent the people of
Pittsburgh, not Paris."
Pittsburgh has twice as many clean-energy jobs as oil,
natural gas and coal jobs.
FOROOHAR: It's not about facts.
ZAKARIA: Secretary Moniz, what is the effect, though? All
this theater has a price in terms of the climate and the
American economy, right?
MONIZ: Absolutely. And if I may, Fareed, I'd just like to add
a couple of footnotes to what's just been said, one being that, as
Richard said, this is a pattern, in many cases, and together
deeply shaking the confidence of our allies and friends in our
reliability. And on the jobs front -- and this is part of the impact
-- on the jobs front, I'd like to inject in that, in addition to the
Paris accord announcement, that the president's
administration has also sent a budget to Congress that would
undercut the innovation investments that are exactly the
foundation for jobs of the future, exactly the investments that
would position us to get a large market share of a future multi-
trillion-dollar clean-energy marketplace. So the effects there --
combining those would be immense. The good news, of course,
is, as has already been noted, the good news is our business
leaders, they make long-term business plans, but, look, when
the federal government is not rowing in the same direction, it's
obviously going to make things more difficult. And it's going to
24
 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
make it much more costly and challenging for the United States
in the future, as we protect the environment but also compete
in that global -- global energy marketplace.
ZAKARIA: All of you, stay with us. When we come back, we
are going to explore, in some greater depth, what does a world
without America at its helm look like? How stable or how
scarily unstable is it? When we come back.
ZAKARIA: And we are back with Ernest Moniz, Rana
Foroohar and Richard Haass, talking about the Paris accords
and all that. So, Richard, expand on your previous comments,
in the sense that, so this is part of a pattern, withdrawing from
Paris, withdrawing from the Trans-Pacific Partnership,
withdrawing -- essentially, the European version of it is dead,
not affirming NATO. What does this mean? The United States
has really been at the center of this order that we created since
1945. What's likely to happen?
HAASS: Well, there's -- there's two futures. The optimist
would say others would step in and they would step in, in ways
that would be benign. They would essentially no longer look to
the United States and do it themselves. It would be a positive
self-help society. The Europeans would do certain things,
maybe the Chinese, some of the Asian allies. And you'd say,
"OK, the American era has ended, but there's still a pretty good
world order."
The much more negative approach would say the others
simply don't have the capacities in many cases; they don't have
the mindset. The kinds of rules they'd want to promulgate
would not be ones we would want. So rather than having
something of a race to the top, more likely to get a race to the --
closer to the bottom. I think this will be a world of much less
American influence. I think this would be a much more illiberal
world, to use a word that you've used in a book, and probably a
world where you have the global arrangements shrink and the
gap between global challenges, from proliferation to terrorism
to climate to cyber -- the gap between those challenges and
global arrangements grow simply because the United States,
which is still what, 20 percent, 25 percent of the world's
economic output; we're still the most powerful country
militarily -- without our full positive contribution and
participation, it's -- it's a much more difficult enterprise.
ZAKARIA: And talk about China specifically, Rana, because
China's own approach, even though it talks about free trade
and global order -- I mean, they're a pretty nationalist,
mercantilist country. If you look at their one belt, one road
initiative, it's essentially "Let us go out and build your
infrastructure for you and in return we want special deals."
FOROOHAR: Absolutely. You can see that happening now. I
mean, I think China is already setting the agenda increasingly
in Asia in big ways. And climate change is actually an
interesting example of the nationalist strategy because, at the
same time that, yeah, China has a lot of dirty coal, it's also
made clean tech a really strategic, important sector and
actually quite a protected sector. But I think you are going to
see this kind of regionalism that Richard was talking about. I
think Asia is, kind of, moving forward in the most strategically
smart way with that. Europe -- it's interesting, post-Brexit, you
would think it would have been a moment to really, kind of,
reintegrate, for Germany to take the leadership on, you know,
saying "We are going to commit to deeper political and
economic integration," but you don't seem to be seeing that.
You see a Germany that feels isolated and on its own. In the
U.S., it's interesting because, you know, NAFTA and what's
happening with NAFTA is a perfect example. Actually, it makes
a lot of sense to have closer economic ties, but given Trump's
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
rhetoric, I, kind of, wonder how the Mexicans are going to feel
in the next few years about working with us on that.
So I think it's riskier at the moment.
ZAKARIA: Secretary Moniz, when you look at, you know, all
those countries you negotiated with for the Paris accords, how
do you think they are going to react? How will the Indians and
the Chinese react? Are they looking at this as an advantage for
them? Are they sad about it? What's your suspicion?
MONIZ: Well, first of all, the Chinese and the Indian leaders
have already come out and made very strong statements about
trying to up their game in terms of leadership. But, as Richard
said, it's very hard to replace American leadership. Indeed, for
Paris, it was frankly the initiative taken by President Obama to
have the joint announcement with President Xi that really
changed the entire game on the pathway to Paris. Now, having
said that, and I think this was just referred to as well, there is
no doubt that the Chinese in particular are going to see this as
a fabulous opportunity, frankly, to strengthen their position in
the -- in the economy in the decades ahead. In fact, I mentioned
earlier the president's budget proposal to Congress, and today
we have a substantially larger governmental investment in
early-stage innovation than does China. The trajectories that
we would have if Congress supports the president's proposal
would put us at a substantially lower position with regard to
China. So you know what this will do? Twenty years from now,
the president will be complaining about the Chinese market
share in clean-energy technology.
ZAKARIA: Well, thank you all -- a fascinating, fascinating
conversation.
Thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week.
I will see you next week.
Solving humanity's greatest riskAre we at the endgame of
human history?
(By ABC News Host: Robyn Williams)
Ecological collapse, resource depletion, climate change and
food insecurity paint a pretty bleak picture, says science writer
Julian Cribb.
So what could be the key to survival?
Robyn Williams: World Environment Day is upon us. June
5th, a time to sum up the situation and plan for the future. How
are we doing? Well, if you've been watching the War on Waste
on ABC television or heard the e-waste debate on the Science
Show, you'll be horrified. So much food, clothing, plastic and
the rest - just chucked. The cost in money is in hundreds of
billions, and the cost to the natural world is worse. How do we
know? Frankly, the science is overwhelming. Julian Cribb has
written a book about it. Surviving The 21st Century -
Humanity's Ten Great Challenges and How We Can Overcome
Them. Julian was the first president of the Australian Science
Communicators and he lives in Canberra.
Julian Cribb: As a science writer, I encounter more and more
people – scientists, concerned grandparents and thoughtful
millennials especially – who are wondering aloud whether we
are now in the endgame of human history. Is the 21st century
likely to be our last, as a civilization – or maybe even as a
species? My response as a science journalist to this profound
existential question is not to say yes or no, but rather: let’s see
what the evidence is – the latest and best science.
That was the genesis of 'Surviving the 21st Century' – a book
exploring the sternest challenge in the history of our species:
how we deal with the ten huge, man-made threats, which are
now building up around us.
25
 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
These ten intersecting risks are: ecological collapse, resource
depletion, weapons of mass destruction, climate change, global
poisoning, food insecurity, population and urban expansion,
pandemic disease, and uncontrollable new technologies. They
are assisted by a prodigious capacity for human self-delusion.
Put them all together and what you have is the focal issue of
our time. Consider the following:
1. In just 40 years we have exterminated half the world’s
large wild animals on land and at sea. We are in the words of
the great biologist E O Wilson, 'Tearing down the biosphere',
demolishing the very home that keeps us alive.
2. The world is running critically short of key resources such
as water, soil, phosphorus and timber. Not only have human
numbers quadrupled in the past century, but each one of us
now consumes ten times the resources that our great
grandparents used.
3. According to recent atmospheric science, detonating just
50 out of the global arsenal of 15,000 nuclear weapons would
suffice to end civilisation in a nuclear winter. Eight nations
now have that power.
4. While we have all heard the warnings about two degrees
of global warming, there are ominous signs that trillions of
tonnes of frozen methane in the Arctic and oceans are starting
to vent, risking a runaway warming event of 9-10 degrees plus,
which is basically unsurvivable.
5. The whole planet is currently immersed in a toxic tide of
250 billion tonnes of human chemical emissions – five times the
scale of our climate emissions. This is affecting not only every
child and adult, but all life on Earth.
6. Our demand for food is set to double by the 2060s – but
most of the resources needed to supply it are set to halve. This
presents a major challenge if we are to avoid famines.
7. There are several other major existential threats looming,
including pandemics of new diseases, megacity collapse and
the unregulated use of new technologies like artificial
intelligence, killer robots and global mass surveillance.
Yes, I know. This is what some people call 'scaremongering' –
but it isn't. The evidence for these mounting risks is in the
scientific literature produced by some of the world’s most
respected and trusted institutions. Indeed, existential risk itself
is an emerging discipline, studied at several top universities –
and hopefully here in Australia soon, too.
The point I wish to underline is that solutions to all these
risks exist. All of them are capable of being mitigated and
brought under control, through concerted worldwide action
and changes in human behaviour, beliefs and consumption
habits.
However, these risks cannot be solved one at a time, as
solving one often involves making another risk worse. For
example: those who advocate expanding agriculture using
American-style farming technologies as a solution to global
food insecurity take no account of the havoc this causes to the
atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere. Wrecking the
climate to save farming solves nothing.
Therefore the solutions to existential risk have to be
crosscutting. They must mitigate the threat in all ten of the
main areas of danger.
This is the missing element in the global debate. Our scientific
habits encourage us to focus on one problem at a time, often to
the exclusion of others – and very often the so-called solution
we come up with has other unforeseen and disastrous knock-on
consequences.
Indeed, that's the very reason humanity is in trouble. Our
immense technical success in fossil fuels, medicine, mining and
food production has led to our present dilemma.
However cross-cutting solutions do exist.
They include building a circular world economy that wastes
nothing, recycles everything, mines nothing anew and no
longer pollutes.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
They include transferring half of global food production back
into cities, recycling all their wasted water and nutrients – and
then rewilding 25 million square kilometres of the planet to end
the sixth extinction, under the stewardship of today's farmers
and Indigenous peoples.
They include eliminating the use of all fossil fuels – which
will not only reverse global warning, but also end the present
poisoning of every child on the planet.
But there are two solutions I wish especially to discuss,
without which all others may be in vain.
The key to our survival in the 21st century may lie in our
ability to think, not just as individuals but as a species.
In the second trimester of a baby’s gestation a marvellous
thing happens: the cells in the embryonic brain begin to
connect – and a mind is born. An inanimate mass of tissue
becomes a sentient being, capable of thought, imagination,
memory, logic, feelings and dreams.
Today individual humans are connecting, at lightspeed,
around a planet – just like the neurons in the foetal brain. We
are crossing all the boundaries that formerly divided us.
We are in the process of creating a universal, Earth-sized
'mind'. Through thousands of organisations on the internet and
social media, tens of millions of people are now joining hands
and sharing ideas, information, values and solutions.
What the Jesuit philosopher Teilhard de Chardin once called
the 'noosphere' is in genesis.
Humans are learning to think at supra-human level by
applying millions of minds simultaneously to the issues, in real
time, by sharing our knowledge freely and by generating faster
global consensus on what needs to be done to secure our future.
The citizens of Earth are starting to think and act together –
albeit cautiously and often fractiously. But this is still a very
wonderful thing.
It is an evolution that will drive government, corporations,
economic and social institutions as nothing ever has in the past.
It is planetary democracy in practice. It will replace the failing
nation states, the tyranny of transnationals, the fantasy of
world government.
It will be unstoppable – and it will decide the human future.
My second essential pillar for human survival is the question
of who will lead.
In writing previous books on the food crisis and the chemical
deluge, it became abundantly clear that most of the destructive
behaviour is primarily by males.
It is males, not females, who start most wars. Who release
the most carbon and toxic chemicals. Who clearfell the forests,
plunder and pollute the oceans, create deserts, slaughter
wildlife.
Males usually like to solve their problems quickly, by
mechanical or chemical means – and to hell with the
consequences. Men built modern society through the bronze,
iron and computer ages, and that society is now at risk from its
own success.
Women on the other hand, usually consider the needs of
coming generations. They do not as a rule start wars or pillage
the biosphere. To survive in the 21st Century, with ten billion
people packed on a hot planet on which all resources and
systems are stressed, we will all need to think more like women
– and less like traditional males.
To secure the human future, women must lead – in business,
politics, religion, society.
Please be clear, this isn’t an argument about feminism or
gender equality.
It’s about the fundamental rules for human survival in this
new and threatening world we are creating.
Survival is the one thing you'd imagine most people would
agree on. But the issue is almost entirely absent from our
political, economic and social discourse. As a species, we are
sleepwalking to disaster.
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 Transcripts of CNN Talk shows
We need science and social media to alert humanity to the
risks we face - and to the fact that there are practical solutions.
And to lead us to a place of safety, humanity now needs the
Age of Women.
Robyn Williams: The age of women to go with the
anthropocene. It's worth going to Julian Cribb's book to see the
extended arguments about the future role of women as he sees
RESEARCH ARTICLES FOR CSS ESSAY TOPICS
“DEFINING ACCOUNTABILITY”
(By Andreas P. Kyriacou)
Introduction
Accountability has been defined in the following terms: "A is
accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A’s (past
or future) actions and decisions, to justify them, and to suffer
punishment in the case of eventual misconduct" (Schedler,
1999, p.17). To help elucidate this definition consider the role of
elections in promoting political accountability. An election
gives a chance for the candidate to run for campaigns and
attend forums so as to explain and inform their purposes and
goals if they are elected. On the other hand, it is also a sanction
for those who misbehaved or failed to represent one’s interests
in the past tenure – by giving the vote to someone else. The
concept of accountability implies that the actors being held
accountable have obligations to act in ways that are consistent
with accepted standards of behavior and that they will be
sanctioned for failures to do so (Grant and Keohane, 2005,
p.29). In this brief background paper I will begin by making
what I hope will prove a helpful distinction between horizontal
and vertical accountability.
Having done so, I will present what has been called the
accountability cycle pointing to some of the key elements
involved in making institutions or bodies more accountable. I
will then present an overview of vertical accountability across
different world regions so as to give an idea of the sharp
differences that exist. I will end this article with some
concluding comments on the relevance of these ideas to AAI’s
stated mission to help improve the quality of the global
response to AIDS and ensure its implementation by holding key
actors accountable for their promises and performance.
II. Horizontal versus Vertical Accountability
A distinction has been made between horizontal and vertical
accountability (O’Donell, 1999). In a well functioning state, the
government is subjected to accountability that is both imposed
upon it from outside by citizens (vertical), and accountability
that it imposes upon itself through public institutions
empowered to restrain the political executive (horizontal).
Vertical accountability may include citizens acting through the
electoral process or indirectly via civic organizations (“civil
society”) or the news media. Horizontal accountability covers
the range of public entities created by the state to check its own
abuses and inefficiencies (for example, the judiciary, auditor’s
general, anti-corruption units and Ombudsmen).
Horizontal accountability crucially depends on the degree of
autonomy or independence of such Institutions of
Accountability (IA). Moreover, governments are more likely to
bind themselves through institutions of horizontal
accountability under circumstances where they may be
punished for failing to do so. In relation to this, horizontal
accountability can be buttressed by strong vertical
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
it, and that global brain. We can see wired cities becoming
more manageable if we try, so a worldwide connection is just a
step away. The book is Surviving The 21st Century -
Humanity's Ten Great Challenges. Julian Cribb is a science
writer and lives in Canberra. Next week, Diana Lucia on the
march of psuedoscience. I'm Robyn Williams.
(By Editorial Team, Weekly Analysis)
accountability.
The effective operation of vertical accountability, through the
electoral process, the news media and concerted civic action,
causes governments to take seriously the perils of failing to
sustain horizontal accountability. At the same time, the
effectiveness of mass media and civil society in holding
government accountable depends to a large extent on the
actions that properly authorized state agencies may undertake
in order to investigate and eventually sanction wrong doings.
Contrary to the case of horizontal accountability, most
expressions of “vertical accountability” have little possibility of
applying sanctions other than public disapproval. The
distinction and relationship between horizontal and vertical
accountability is illustrated in figure 1 above.
III. The Accountability Cycle
Schacter (2000, p.2) talks of an accountability cycle which has
three stages namely, information, action and response (Figure
2). At the information stage, the IA – for example the
Ombudsman in the case of horizontal accountability or an NGO
in the case of the vertical kind – is able to obtain relevant,
accurate and timely information about the activities of the
government. In stage 2 the IA will act on the basis of this
information something which depends on its capacity both to
analyze the information and to make demands on government.
The final response stage refers to the degree to which
government feels compelled to respond to the IA. The
accountability cycle helps clarify the difference between
accountability and transparency. The former refers to the
government’s response at the end of the cycle while the latter
refers to the quality of information available in the first stage.
Another concept worth distinguishing is that of “checks and
balances”. These are mechanisms designed to prevent action
that oversteps legitimate boundaries while accountability
27
 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
mechanisms operate after the fact. As explained by Grant and
Keohane (2005, p.30) the executive veto power in the U.S.
Constitution is part of a system of checks and balances while
the impeachment power is an accountability mechanism.
Notwithstanding the fact that accountability mechanisms
operate ex post, they can exert influence ex ante, “since the
anticipation of sanctions may deter the powerful from abusing
their positions in the first place” (ibid).
What emerges from this perspective is the importance of the
quality of the information available to the IA (relevance,
accuracy, timeliness, comprehensiveness) as well as its
capacity to analyze this information and to transform it into
practical demands on government.
This said, the IA has relative control over stage 2 of the
accountability cycle but less so over stage 1 to the extent that
government is an important source of quality information. The
IA’s influence in stage 3 is constrained, among other things, by
the attitude of political and bureaucratic leaders towards
accountability since insufficient high-level commitment to
robust accountability negatively affects the impact of an IA’s
work.
IV. Vertical Accountability in the World
The World Governance Indicators generated by the World
Bank cover 213 countries and territories and measure six
dimensions of governance since 1996 until end-2006 (see
Kaufman et al, 2006). The indicators are based on several
hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of
governance, drawn from 31 separate data sources constructed
ACCOUNTABILITY STRUCTURES:
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
(Pildat Report)
Executive Summary
This paper examines the accountability mechanisms of four
countries: Japan, Hong Kong, India and Pakistan. TThis
paper is one of its kinds as no recent research has been
conducted for a comparative analysis of Pakistan's
accountability mechanism with those of other Asian
countries.
The Accountability mechanisms in the mentioned countries
have their positive and negative aspects, and no one system
can be a 'fit to all' best model. The major elements in a
successful accountability mechanism are the political will and
public's attitude towards corruption. Being corruption free
has not been easy for Japan or Hong Kong, however one
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
by 25 different organizations. Some of these sources are
commercial risk rating agencies, others governments and
multilateral organizations, and yet others NGOs. Several are
surveys of individuals or domestic firms with first-hand
knowledge of the governance situation in the country.
One governance variable which is included in these indicators
is termed Voice and Accountability (VA) and defined as the
extent to which a country’s citizens are able to participate in
selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression,
freedom of association, and free media. In terms of our
previous discussion therefore, this captures the notion of
vertical accountability. This variable like all the others is
measured on a scale from -2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores
corresponding to better outcomes
What become immediately apparent are the large differences
in perceived accountability levels across regions. As expected,
governments in North America and Western and Central
Europe and to a lesser extent those in Oceania, are perceived to
be accountable while those in South and South East Asia,
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and especially Sub-Saharan
Africa and North Africa and the Middle East have consistently
much lower perceived accountability levels. It’s important to
note that such a regional based classification masks strong
differences across countries. This is clearly the case for Sub-
Saharan Africa where the strong negative values for Eritrea,
Congo Democratic Republic, Burundi, Sudan and Somalia are
in sharp contrast to the positive values for countries like Benin,
Botswana, Namibia and South Africa.
It is obvious that such an accountability indicator could be used
to measure the impact of greater accountability in health
outcomes in different countries and across time. Is greater
accountability associated with improved outcomes after
controlling for other variables deemed to influence such
outcomes? From an empirical perspective this question could
be approached either by way of cross-section analysis or,
ideally, a fixed effects panel data analysis that can go some
way to address the problem of omitted variable bias which
plagues macro-analyses of public policy outcomes. (Source:
Jstor & Researchgate)
thing common in both is the public's zero tolerance towards it.
Political will has also shown to have an impact to strengthening
anti-corruption efforts of Japan and Hong Kong. In the latter,
the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) could
only accomplish what it achieved on the basis of the political will
of the regime. While the lack of an independent Anti-Corruption
Authority (ACA) in Japan is also a manifestation of political will,
it has not affected its corruption rankings because the sort of
grand corruption present there does not impact the public.
For India and Pakistan, political will has been instrumental in
raising or lowering their ranks, particularly when political will
is coupled with tolerance of the public towards corruption. Had
it not been for the steadfast political will of Hong Kong and
28
 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
public attitude in Japan, both would not have shown such
positive results. The presence of 'committed and honest'
political will is a prerequisite for success in any anti-
corruption effort. Based on the lessons learned from the
experiences of Japan, Hong Kong, and India, the following
are the suggestions to improve the performance and
effectiveness of the NAB:
i. Incorporating provisions that ensure investigation
and prosecution of corrupt officials and politicians without
seeking any Government's permission. This would allow
impartial and across the board accountability without any
political control.
ii. The Parallel jurisdictions ought to be withdrawn and
a single Anti-Corruption Authority (ACA) must handle all the
corruption cases.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
iv. The NAB should educate the public on adverse effects of
corruption through extensive 'continuous' (at least monthly)
campaigning instead of scattered efforts.
v. Motivate the public to come forward with their
complaints and information when they notice corrupt activities.
vi. Involve the public using social media and smartphone
technology (as used by Hong Kong where an ICAC application
was launched for smartphone users).
vii. The right to information and whistleblower protection
laws should be implemented strictly.
viii. Convictions in corruption case should be publicized
regularly using social and other media.

iii. The convictions rate must increase particularly in

high profile cases. This will help in gaining public support for
the NAB.

Introduction web of laws and institutions have been scoring low (see Table
Research on Accountability Structures has identified three 1). Pakistan is the lowest scorer of all the mentioned countries
patterns of corruption control, particularly in Asian countries. 1 and its mechanism deviates from the identified patterns as it
The first pattern comprises the presence of anti-corruption has various anti-corruption laws, multiple anti-corruption
laws without any independent Anti-Corruption Authority agencies as well as an independent ACA.
(ACA) to implement them (Japan). The second Japan
pattern is composed of a combination of Japan is ranked at 15 out of 174 countries
laws and multiple ACAs (India). The on the Transparency International
third pattern consists of anti- Corruption Perceptions Index (TI
corruption laws, which
implemented through a single ACA
are
Personal CPI) 2014 and since 1995 has
been ranking as one of the
(Hong Kong). The objectives of cleanest countries in Asia
this paper are to study the
functioning of accountability
Accountability along with Singapore and
Hong Kong.2 It is a
mechanisms in countries • “A personal choice to rise signatory to the OECD
based on these three above one’s
Pakistan is the lowest Anti-Bribery Convention
prevalent models and carry and the UNCAC, as well as
out a comparative analysis circumstances and
scorer of all the mentioned
a member of the
countries and its mechanism
with the accountability demonstrate
deviates from identifiedthepatterns
ownership
as
ADB/OECD Anti-
mechanism of Pakistan. Corruption Initiative for
The following indicators were
necessary
it has various for achieving
anti-corruption desired
laws, the Asia and the Pacific.
used to compare the results—to See It, Own
multiple anti-curruption It, Solve
agencies, Despite some positive
accountability structures of as well as an independent
It and Do It.” ACA. developments, the OECD has
Japan, India and Hong Kong: been expressing concerns
1. The laws that govern Connors, Smith & Hickman in over Japan's enforcement of
accountability organizations, The Oz Principle the foreign bribery law, and a
especially in regards to structure, 'yellow card' has been issued twice
scope and powers of the accountability for not showing vigilance in
organizations detecting and investigating foreign
bribery cases. To date, only two such cases
2. The procedure for the appointment of the have been prosecuted since Japan's foreign
head of the accountability organizations bribery offence came into force in 1999. Thus the enforcement
3. The effectiveness and performance of the of Japan's anti-bribery law continues to be low.3 The OECD
accountability organizations over the years asked Japan in February 2014 to establish and implement an
4. The use of technology in ensuring effective action plan to address its concerns.4
accountability Japan is perceived to be clean in terms of petty corruption but
5. Engagement with the public in ensuring effective not when it comes to grand corruption, which is said to be
accountability endemic in Japanese politics, hence problematic for Japan.5
Japan and Hong Kong have continuously been scoring high on
Pakistan is the lowest scorer of all the mentioned
worldwide anti-corruption rankings and are two leading
countries and its mechanism deviates from the
corruption-free countries of the world. On the other hand,
identified patterns as it has various anti-corruption
India and Pakistan with their complex
laws, multiple anti-corruption agencies as well as
an
independent ACA
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 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
This paradox is a result of the systematic perpetration of
practices such as 'Kansei dango' (Government-led bid-rigging
on public projects), 'amakudari' (literally means descent from
heaven, which is a practice of former high-level bureaucrats
retiring into lucrative positions in businesses regulated by
them), 'yakusa' (organized crime) and a 'gift-giving culture'
(which makes it difficult to differentiate between bribe and
gift), that have made corruption structural and embedded in
the
Japanese system. Until the late 1990s, corruption was quite
prevalent and built on a close-knit collusion, known as the
'iron triangle', between Japanese politicians, bureaucrats and
the business sector and was a major contributor in its
economic boom. Some of the most notorious scandals like
Lockheed case (1976), the Recruit case (1989), the Zenecon
(general contractors) cases (1993-1994), and the Bank of
Japan / Ministry of Finance cases (1997-1998), involving
massive cash payments, leakage of highly lucrative insider
stock information and officials bribed through lavish
entertainment for lucrative gains. These shook the public's
trust in the Government and led to the convictions of a former
Prime Minister, governors and other high ranking officials,
and subsequently brought down the administration of another
Prime Minister, and resulted in a few suicides from amongst
the accused.
Table 1: Transparency International Corruption
Perceptions Index Scores and Ranks
No. Country Rank 2014 2013 2012
1. Japan 15/174 76 74 74
2. Hong Kong 17/174 74 75 77
3. India 85/174 38 36 36
4. Pakistan 126/174 29 28 27
Until the late 1990s, corruption was quite prevalent
and built on a close-knit collusion, known as the 'iron
triangle', between Japanese politicians, bureaucrats
and the business sector and was a major contributor
in its economic boom
Japan does not have a comprehensive anti-corruption legal
system or a single independent Anti-Corruption Authority
(ACA). The anti-corruption measures focus on improving
public service ethics, preventing collusion in public
bidding/public procurement, the disclosure, whistleblower
protection, and financial audit and control mechanisms. The
key laws on corruption particularly address bribery of
national or Local Government officials, members of an
assembly and committee, or other employees engaged in the
performance of public duties in Japan, and are included in the
Penal Code (Act No. 45 of April 24, 1907) and the Act on
Punishment of Public Officials' Profiting by Exerting Influence
(Act No. 130 of November 29, 2000) (APPOPEI).
Certain provisions of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act
(Act No. 47 of May 19, 1993) (UCPA) cover bribery of foreign
public officials. Non-Japanese nationals are liable for bribery
only if the crime is committed within Japan, but Japanese
public officials are liable for accepting bribe in or outside the
territorial jurisdictions of Japan. The provisions pertaining to
foreign bribery were included in pursuance of the
implementation of OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 1998. To
ensure transparency in public contracting, procurement and
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
bidding and for promoting fair competition and eradication of
collusion, the Act for Promoting Proper Tendering and
Contracting for Public Works in 2001 and the Act on
Elimination and Prevention of Involvement in Bid Rigging and
Punishments for Acts by Employees that Harm Fairness of
Bidding (Act No. 101 of 2002) were enacted. To promote
quality in public works, the Act on Promoting Quality
Assurance in Public Works (2005) was enforced. The
disclosure of the information law and Whistleblower
Protection Act, 2006 are also in place to expose corruption.
In response to the major scandals up to the 1990s, the
Japanese Government brought about various reforms,
including laws for disclosure of politicians' assets and the
imposition of stricter ethical codes (Cabinet Order No. 101 of
March 28, 2000) provided under the National Public Service
Ethics Act (1999), to be observed by public officials. The
National Public Service Ethics Board was also established by
the Japanese Government as part of the reforms which
provides for a website displaying the ethics code and detailed
guidelines applicable to bureaucrats.
Japan is one of the few countries, which does not rely on an
Anti-Corruption Authority for enforcement of anti-corruption
laws. The enforcement bodies in Japan are the Public
Prosecutor's Office, which operates under the Cabinet and the
National Police Agency for all matters relating to corruption
whether national or foreign. Public prosecutors are
empowered to investigate and prosecute corruption in the Civil
Service. Cases of bribery and high level financial crimes
involving senior public officers and/or politicians are to be
investigated and prosecuted by public prosecutors. The Public
Prosecutor's Office operates under the supervision of the
Ministry of Justice. It has operational independence under the
law from any interference or fear of removal2. There are 4
levels of Public Prosecutor's Offices that correspond to their
level of district courts. Public prosecutors in three major cities,
Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya have highly qualified and well
trained prosecutors, assistant officers and special
investigation departments to investigate and ensure
prosecution in cases of corruption.
Although public prosecutors in Japan have exclusive and
broad powers to indict a criminal under the Code of Criminal
Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948), there are also Committees for
the Inquest of Prosecution, with each district court consisting
of 11 randomly selected citizens that could initially only
provide a nonbinding advisory opinion to the Prosecutor's
Office on whether a filed case or complaint was worthy of
prosecution or not. With a subsequent amendment of the Act,
the Committees can now compel a prosecution. This has turned
out to be a very important reformatory process and resulted in
the indictment of well-known politician in 2011.
As far as engagement with the public is concerned, studies
have shown the 70% of public in Japan is not informed about
the laws on whistleblower protection and complaint
mechanisms.
Japan has been maintaining its rank on the TI CPI since 1995
and has stayed in the top 20 for most of it. There were 103
reported cases of corruption in 2013 involving Civil Servants
and 101 in 2012. The data of the last 10 years reveals
corruption of 89-190 staff members out of 2.77 million local
Civil Servants. Although corruption in the Civil Services is low
and the public in general do not have to face day-to-day petty
corruption, but the huge financial scandals have downgraded
public trust in politicians and the Government. The absence of
any anti-corruption plan/strategy and an independent ACA
manifests lack of political will and enforces the notion that
corruption in Japan is structural and political.
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 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
Hong Kong
Amidst its massive population growth and social and
The ICAC was built upon a tripartite strategy
comprising enforcement, prevention and community-
based education. With a strength of approximately
1400 staff members, the ICAC works through three
functional departments; Operations, Corruption
Prevention and Community Relations
economic development between the 1960s and 1970s, Hong
Kong became a fertile ground for corruption, particularly
within its public sector. Up until 1974, a specialized unit of the
police force, the Anti-Corruption Office (ACO), handled all the
bribery and corruption cases. However, the ACO itself was
perceived as the most corrupt Government Department. By
mid 1970s, public opinion emerged as a powerful force
demanding strict action against public sector corruption,
particularly after a corruption scandal involving a Chief Police
Superintendent who managed to escape the country when
accused of corruption charges in 1973. In response to the
mounting public outcry, the Independent Commission Against
Corruption (ICAC) was established as an independent agency
to fight corruption, which at the time seemed impossible to do.
However, in its initial three years, the ICAC smashed all
corruption syndicates in the public sector, prosecuting corrupt
Government officials including police officers. Since then
onwards, Hong Kong has been one of the cleanest countries of
the world, and ranks high on the Transparency International's
Corruption Perceptions Index charts.
The ICAC is now the principal agency responsible for
investigating and preventing corruption in Hong Kong. It was
established in 1974 with the enactment of the Independent
Commission Against Corruption Ordinance, under the British
rule, however, after Hong Kong's reversion to China, the
ICAC's independence and accountability were given
constitutional protection under Article 57 of the Hong Kong
Basic Law. The Commission is independent of the Civil Service
and is headed by the Commissioner, who is answerable to the
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region (HKSAR) Government, and is appointed for a fixed
term of 5 years, by the State Council of the Peoples' Republic of
China, on recommendation of the Chief Executive, and the
same process and mechanism apply for his removal.
The ICAC was built upon a tripartite strategy comprising
enforcement, prevention and community-based education.
With a strength of approximately 1400 staff members, the
ICAC works through three functional departments;
Operations, Corruption Prevention and Community Relations.
Operations Department investigates alleged corruption
offences. Corruption Prevention Department examines p r o c e
d u r e s a n d p r a c t i c e s o f G o v e r n m e n t
departments/public bodies to identify loopholes, and make
recommendations to reform in order to reduce corruption
opportunities and upon request provides free corruption
prevention advice to private organizations. The Community
Relations Department educates the public against the evils of
corruption.
With the provision of wide investigative powers, there is a
robust system of checks and balances to prevent abuse of
powers, which includes Hong Kong's free media, Independent
Judiciary, Internal Monitoring Unit, and most importantly
four independent advisory committees that play a very
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
important role and keep the Commission's performance under
close scrutiny. To ensure its effectiveness, these committees
examine and monitor investigations and operations, examine
complaints against the ICAC or its staff, offer advice and
improvement proposals on the overall policies of the
Commission and on measures to foster public support.
The Commission is authorized to investigate corruption
offences under the main anti-corruption law i.e. the Prevention
of Bribery Ordinance (POBO), along with offences under the
Independent Commission Against Corruption Ordinance and
the Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Conduct) Ordinance. It not
only governs corruption in the public and private sector, but is
also authorized to deal with corruption in various public
elections, including that of the Chief Executive. It has powers of
arrest, detention, granting bail, search and seizure for alleged
offences. However, after completion of investigations,
prosecution is handed over to the Department of Justice.
Winning public trust and cooperation in the fight against
corruption has been a slow and a painstaking process for the
ICAC. The ICAC's annual opinion surveys have shown that 96-
98% of citizens expressed their support for the ICAC and
almost 75% of complainants do not hesitate to identify
themselves, indicating strong public confidence in the ICAC. To
raise and sustain the public's corruption prevention
awareness, the Community Relations Department of the ICAC
has had a comprehensive and long-term sector specific
strategy to proactively promote a culture of integrity and
foster community support. Anti-corruption messages are
disseminated to targeted sectors of the community, such as
business people, youth, professional and technical personnel in
various fields through the mass and the social media. Seven
regional community offices too, spread anti-corruption
messages via various community projects. The community has
access to the ICAC through its website, and only in 2013, it had
2,700,000 visitors. An ICAC Smartphone App was recently
launched to enhance the Commission's transparency.
In terms of effectiveness and performance, ICAC has excelled
as an anti-corruption agency, and is recognized
internationally for its efforts. In the last 40 years of its
existence, ICAC and its vigilant investigators have managed to
keep corruption under effective control in the public as well as
private sectors and have made Hong Kong the world's freest
economy for 20 consecutive years, a corruption-free society,
with no sign of deterioration and has brought a silent
revolution in the public attitude. Almost 83% of the people in
Hong Kong now consider corruption totally intolerable, 99%
think it is important to keep Hong Kong corruption-free,
whereas 81% are willing to report corruption. The ICAC takes
complaints through its 24-hour report center and hotline, as
well as its Regional Offices in various districts and through
mails. 80% of prosecutions brought by the ICAC each year,
result in convictions, making corruption a very high-risk crime
in Hong Kong. In 1974, 86% of corruption reports were related
to Government departments, a figure which was reduced to
30% by 2013. Similarly, corruption reports against police force
have been reduced from 45% to 9%. With its continuous efforts,
the ICAC, through education and publicity has won the
confidence of the private sectors as well and in collaboration
with it has succeeded in promoting business ethics and
creating awareness against dangers of corruption.
India
India has been fighting corruption since 1941 and follows a
multi-agency model, i.e., a national anti-corruption
framework comprising several public bodies to tackle
31
 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
corruption. However, the multi-layered model seems to have
been ineffective and India has consistently been scoring low on
various corruption rankings while corruption continues to be
endemic and pervasive.
The anti-corruption mechanism in India is a complex web of
laws and institutions. The Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA)
1988 (amended in 2008)is the primary law, along with the
Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002 (amended in 2005)
and Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860 for curbing corruption in
private as well as the public sector. State Governments have
State laws at the local level to address corruption in the public
sector. Another robust statute Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act,
2013 appeared on statute books in 2014 for more effective
implementation of the United Nations Convention Against
Corruption, aiming to establish the Lokpal (an anti-graft
ombudsman) at the Centre and Lokayuktas at the state level
with broad powers to prosecute public sector corruption.
However, despite the lapse of a year, the Lokpal has not yet
been established and the Government is still in course of
making appointments of chairperson and members of Lokpal.
Once established under the approved law, the Lokpal would be
the new independent Anti-Corruption Agency with its
jurisdiction extending to investigation of complaints against
the Prime Minister, ministers, legislators, and public servants
in the central Government. The Lokpal would have a
comprehensive system of investigation and prosecution, and
have superintendence over the Central Bureau of Investigation
(CBI) for the cases referred to it. Ultimately Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC), the departmental vigilance, and anti-
corruption branch of the CBI, will most probably be merged
into Lokpal.
For the time being, the main authorities empowered to
investigate official corruption are the CVC, the CBI, the Chief
Information Commission (CIC), and the Office of the
Controller & Auditor General (C&AG) at the Federal/Union
level. States have local Anti-Corruption Bureaus (ACBs) for the
implementation of anti-corruption laws. The CBI and State
ACBs investigate cases of corruption under the PCA and the
Indian Penal Code.
Figuring in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the
Constitution of India, the Central Bureau of Investigation
(CBI) was established in 1963 and derives its power to
investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act,
1946. It is a successor organization to the Delhi Special Police
Establishment (DSPE) which was established in 1946 under the
DSPE Act to 'investigate cases of corruption in transactions. It
is headed by a director, an IPS (Indian Police Service) officer
with a rank of Director General of Police or Commissioner of
Police (State), who under the new existing provisions of Lokpal
Act, has to be appointed by the central Government on the
basis of recommendations of the selection committee
comprising the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of India or his
nominee and the Leader of the Opposition (LoP) or the leader
of the single largest opposition party. It is the premier
investigating agency comprising nine divisions, 16
investigative zones and 60 investigative branches under these
zones with the strength of 5,796 officers. Vis-à-vis corruption,
it has jurisdiction to investigate alleged cases of corruption
and fraud in all branches of the Central Government, Central
Financial Institutions, ministries, Central Public Sector
Undertakings and Union Territories. It is supervised by the
Central Government, but for investigations of offences under
the PCA, its functioning is supervised by the CVC. The Lokpal
will also have supervisory jurisdiction over the CBI for cases
referred to it by the Lokpal. However, to investigate cases at
the state level, CBI either can be instructed by the Higher
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Courts of the land or has to seek permission of the state
government.
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an independent
statutory body established in 1964 under a Resolution and was
later on given a statutory status by the CVC Act, 2003. It is a
multi-member body comprising a Central Vigilance
Commissioner, (Chairperson) and not more than two Vigilance
Commissioners (Members) appointed by the President on
recommendations a Committee consisting of the Prime
Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Home Affairs and the
Leader of the Opposition as members. It functions as an apex
body for prevention of corruption in Central Government
departments, institutions and public administration. The CVC
is vested with powers to inquire into or cause an investigation
for alleged corruption in public administration. However, it
has no authority to directly investigate or prosecute public
servants for PCA 1988 violations. It either refers the case to the
Central Vigilance Officer (CVO) in related Government
department or to the CBI. In matters of inquiry, it acts as a civil
court and the proceedings before the commission are judicial
proceedings. The CBI, in respect of cases referred to it by the
CVC, has to submit its investigation report to the Commission,
whereupon the Commission may either file charge sheet or
closure report before the Special Court against the public
servant or initiate the departmental proceedings or any other
appropriate action against the concerned public servant by the
competent authority. All such cases are tried by Special Judges
appointed by the Central or State Governments.
As the premier integrity institution, it supervises vigilance
administration through a well-established vigilance
administrative set up and advises the Government on
implementing policies against corruption. There are vigilance
units in all central departments/undertakings under
Commission's jurisdiction, headed by Chief CVOs. By 2013,
there were 197 full time and 410 part time posts of CVOs, who
did vigilance audit and submitted monthly and annual reports
to the Commission. The Commission also observes Vigilance
Awareness Week every year and important activities like
training of CVOs on disciplinary proceedings, publication and
dissemination of information on whistle blower case studies,
Vigilance newsletter, journals, and talks on corruption and
vigilance are organized to motivate officials.
The Right to Information Act 2005 (RTI Act), which empowers
the citizens to have access to Government documents within 30
days, has played a vital role in the fight against corruption in
India. To fulfill the requirements of the RTI Act, the
Commission has set up a separate RTI Cell to deal with RTI
applications, where officers of the rank of Director and Deputy
Secretary act as Central Public Information Officers and that
of the rank of Additional Secretary functions as the Appellate
Authority. The Commission has also been actively advocating
on promoting technology like e-procurement, e-payment etc.
for reducing direct contact points with public officials,
improving transparency and better project management.
Moreover, the CVC has laid down a detailed procedure for
lodging complaints which along with the whistleblower
complaint mechanism is available on its website. The
commission regularly publicized the procedure through the
intranet of the organizations, publications, in-house journals,
and seminars to create awareness and to encourage public
and insiders to come forward with their
complaints/disclosures.
The Central Bureau of Investigation in the past 65 years, has
emerged as a premier investigating agency with credibility,
capability and legal mandate to investigate and prosecute
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offences under existing 82 Central Acts, 22 State Acts and 252
offences under the Indian Penal Code anywhere in India. The
conviction rate for 2013 was 68.62%, however, CBI's
independence has come under scrutiny by the superior courts,
particularly in cases of ruling party politicians or influential
individuals.
As far as Commission's performance is considered, as per the
latest annual report of 2013, it has tendered advices of minor
and major penalties in 4801 cases and 79% of the advices were
given within one month. On its sanction, the related authorities
granted sanction for prosecution against 16 public servants.
According to the annual reports of the CVOs, 17672 major and
minor penalties were imposed on all categories of public
servants.
Despite the figures, the general perception is that there is a
disconnect between corruption investigation, prosecution and
punishments, since the CVC can only recommend action but
cannot punish anyone, and too often their recommendations
are not acted upon and “actual punishment of these offenses
rarely occurs” and during 2005-2009 only 6% of cases in
which CVC had found evidence of corruption were prosecuted
by the Government.
Pakistan
Pakistan, with a score of 29 has ranked at 126 of 175 countries
in the TI CPI 2014, which as per the TI has so far been the best
performance at the CPI charts since 1995.50 But ironically, that
still does not place Pakistan in the list of corruption free
countries and corruption has become a way of life in
Pakistan.51 Pakistan inherited the basic legal framework and
legislations from the British rule at its independence in 1947.
Initially corruption was dealt with under the Pakistan Penal
Code, 1860. Over the period of 68 years, numerous anti-
corruption efforts were made and despite development of
numerous laws and law enforcement agencies, corruption in
the private or public sector could not be curtailed.
Primary laws to deal with corruption in Pakistan are the
Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860, the Prevention of Corruption
Act (PCA), 1947 and the National Accountability Ordinance
(NAO), 1999.52 Two Anti-Corruption Authorities (ACAs) i.e. the
National Accountability Bureau (NAB) and Federal
Investigation Agency (FIA) work at the Federal level and four
ACAs i.e. Anti-Corruption Establishments (ACEs) operate at
Provincial level are empowered to investigate into various
cases of public sector corruption.53 Accountability Courts are
established under the NAB Ordinance and deal with cases sent
by the NAB. The Central and Provincial Special Courts set up
under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1958 deal with the
cases sent by FIA and ACEs respectively. Various authorities
like Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA) through
Public Accounts Committees (PACs).54 The Office of the Auditor
General of Pakistan, and Office of the Wafaqi Mohtasib
(Ombudsman) of Pakistan55 too are empowered to check
executive acts.
Like in India, Pakistan also had the Special Police
Establishment as the first ACA of the sub-continent, set up in
1938 by the British Government. It was renamed as Pakistan
Special Police Establishment (PSPE) in 1947. The PSPE was
empowered to investigate corruption of the Central
Government Employees, but was not very effective, hence was
replaced by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) in 1975,
which was set up under the Federal Investigation Agency Act
(1974). To deal with corruption at provincial level, four Anti-
Corruption Establishments (ACEs) were set up. FIA became a
political tool for the regimes, which led to creation of the
Ehtesab (meaning Accountability) Bureau created under the
Ehtesab Act 1997. The fourth military coup in 1999 replaced the
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Ehtesab Bureau with the National Accountability Bureau
(NAB), with the enactment of the National Accountability
Bureau Ordinance (No XVIII of 1999) (NAO) with a
retrospective effect, taking cognizance of offences as far back
as 1985.
The NAB was created on the lines of ACAs of Hong Kong and
Singapore. It has peculiar features that defy criminal
procedure codes norms, such as shifting the onus of proof on
the accused and making the accused testify against himself. It
attained the status of the supreme anti-corruption authority
and came into the field with full force having wide powers, stiff
procedures and harsh punishments for anyone, in the public or
private sector, involved in corruption and corrupt practices,
misuse and abuse of power and authority, defrauding and
cheating the public at large, willful bank loan default, money
laundering, etc. Its jurisdiction extends to all sitting or former
members of the public, politicians and government officials,
including the Chief Minister of a province or Prime Minister,
former President or the Governor of a Province. Special
provisions of 'voluntary return' and 'plea bargain' were
incorporated, which helped in bringing back the looted wealth
to Government's treasury. It can
seek information from any organization/department during
investigations and has extra ordinary powers to seize assets of
an accused even at the inquiry stage. A holder of public office
or anyone involved in an offence under the NAO is liable to be
punished for up to 14 years imprisonment. Until 1999 and prior
to the formation of the NAB, the FIA was the primary
accountability institution at the Federal level. It still operates
as an Anti-Corruption Authority, but with curtailed
jurisdiction. The NAO and the NAB have jurisdiction that
extends to the whole of Pakistan and overrides all other
corruption related laws and no court can grant bail to a person
accused of an offence by the NAB. Being a statutory body, the
NAB has a very strong and independent legal setup. The
provisions of its enabling law (NAO, 1999) have an overriding
effect of all other laws and jurisdictions. Hence when the NAB
takes cognizance of an offence all other agencies are barred
from taking cognizance of the same.
The NAB has two offices; the Chairman and the Prosecutor
General Accountability (PGA). The Chairman and the
Prosecutor General Accountability are appointed by the
President with consent of the Leader of the House and the
Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly for a non-
extendable period of four and three years respectively, and can
only be removed on grounds that are required for removal of
the Judge of the Supreme Court.
By virtue of law, the NAB has sufficient operational and
functional independence. There is no legal provision that holds
NAB accountable to any institution or to any Federal or
Provincial Government. However, in practice, the NAB has not
been free from political influence. It has been accused of being
exploited as a tool of political victimization. Various regimes
have been trying to curtail or replace the NAB and these
pressures have made the NAB 'sluggish.' The exoneration of
politicians, political workers and bureaucrats accused of
corruption under controversial National Reconciliation
Ordinance (NRO) on October 05, 2007 and acquittals in high
profile political corruption scandals undermined its trust in the
public. However, against all odds, the NAB has still managed
to recover Rs. 247.331 and has on its credit prosecution of
public servants, politicians and senior military officials
resulting in convictions.
Initially, the NAB had an enforcement based policy and focused
more on punishments and recovery, however, failing the
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objective of curbing corruption, it initiated the three pronged
National Anti-Corruption Strategy (NACS) in 2002, directed
towards eliminating corruption not only through enforcement,
but also through prevention and education. To comply with the
objectives, the NAB has an awareness and prevention wing
engaged in eliminating corruption by implementing preventive
measures in public sector and by creating awareness in public,
using media campaigns and educational programs. It also
implements its authority, to call for contract copies and
inspects mega public projects and contracts. It also examines
legal frameworks, procedures and systems of Federal and
Provincial Government departments, ministries, statutory
corporations, public bodies, and the conduct of public office
holders, to identify loopholes and makes recommendations for
reducing corruption opportunities.
For effective accountability, the NAB ensures dissemination of
adequate information regarding its functioning through
publication of its annual reports and quarterly updates. Its
official website also has a complaint mechanism, and the NAB
under law has to provide anonymity to the informer. The
NAB's official website guides the 'informers' to provide
information or evidence that leads to investigation and
prosecution of corruption or corrupt parties, bank loan
defaults and write-offs, and help in recovering the looted public
money. Provisions regarding rewards to whistleblowers can be
found under section 33A of NAO, 1999. However,
whistleblowers are reluctant to disclose public corruption, as
they do not trust the implementation of protective provisions.
Conclusion and Recommendations for the NAB
The study examined the functioning of accountability
mechanisms in three Asian countries working on three
prevalent models and on the basis of the defined models,
assessed the accountability structure in Pakistan.
After a comparison between the three countries and their
respective models, it can be construed that Hong Kong has one
of the best systems when it comes to cleaning corruption
because its performance is the most effective on all above-
mentioned indicators. While Japan has ranked better on the TI
CPI charts it is not free from the grand corruption and the 'iron
triangle'. It ranks better because scores on the TI CPI are based
on public perceptions, and since petty corruption is non-
existent in Japan, the Japanese people do not have to suffer at
the hands of public servants, hence the better ranking. India
and Pakistan have robust mechanisms but lack of public trust
is an issue. They need to free their institutions from political
pressures, be accountable to the public and build their trust,
through across the board accountability.
The accountability mechanisms in all the countries have their
pros and cons, and there is no single 'fit to all' best model.
According to previous researches, ACAs in order to be effective
must not only have a strong legal framework and adequate
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
resources, but should also be incorruptible, liberated from
political control, must be able to enforce the anti-corruption
laws impartially and have support of a committed political will
to curb corruption.77 The comparative analysis of all the four
countries in the present study not only finds support for the
aforementioned rudiments, but also highlights other factors
such as whistleblower protection, information disclosure,
strong and fearless media and above all, the public's
intolerance towards corruption.
Assessing the NAB on these prerequisites, we find most of them
lacking except for a free media and the NAB's adequacy in
resources. The National Accountability Bureau in Pakistan was
established on the lines of the Hong Kong's Independent
Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). Despite sufficient
operational and functional independence with excellent legal
provisions to hold any public or institution accountable, the
NAB has been unable to make a significant impact in the fight
against corruption. It has successfully prosecuted some senior
public officials and corrupt citizens, but exoneration of
politicians, political workers and bureaucrats and acquittals in
high profile political corruption scandals has damaged its trust
in the public.
This paper presents certain best practices from all the three
mechanisms that can be incorporated into Pakistan's anti-
corruption structure. Hong Kong, being the most effective in
controlling corruption undertook certain measures that went a
long way. For instance, to begin with, the ICAC is headed by
individuals with no previous track of corruption. Appointments
are made by the State council on the recommendation of the
Premier. Secondly, the ICAC built up public confidence and
conveyed the message of zero tolerance towards corruption by
focusing on big cases like extraditing and subsequently
prosecuting several high ranked former policemen. Thirdly, it
focused on educating the public on laws and adverse effects of
corruption. Fourthly, it also publicized cases involving
prosecution of citizens in petty corruption cases, creating a
deterrent environment and making corruption a high-risk
activity. India too is on its way to reforming and restructuring
its antic-orruption mechanisms. It has implemented a robust
anti-corruption law accompanied with an operationally and
functionally independent ACA with jurisdiction extending to
the Prime Minister. Not only the new laws have made the
appointment procedure stringent, but have also granted the
ACA (once established) the power to prosecute any Government
functionary without obtaining the consent of any authority.
The Japanese system is focusing mainly on implementation of
disclosure of information in the public institutions and citizens'
involvement in initiation of prosecutions. In light of the
discussion of Japan, Hong Kong, and India, certain reforms
are recommended for the NAB in Pakistan.
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Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Table 2: Distinctive Features of Accountability Mechanisms

Indicators Japan Hong Kong India Pakistan

Legal framework Multiple laws; No Single ACA -ICAC Multiple ACAs; (CBI & Strong ACA
ACA; Public CVC etc.) Multiple Laws; framework along
prosecutors Establishment of Lokpal with other agencies,
awaited but with curtailed
jurisdiction
Procedure for the System under Commissioner Commissioner CVC by Chairman
appointment of the Ministry of Justice appointed for 5 years the President on appointed by the
head by the State Council recommendations of a President and
on recommendation Committee consisting of removal on grounds
of the Chief the Prime Minister akin to that for
Executive and same (Chairperson), the removal of Supreme
procedure for Minister of Home Affairs Court's judge
removal and the Leader of the
Opposition and CBI
Director appointed by the
Central Government by
the president on the basis
of recommendation of the
selection committee
comprising the Prime
Minister, the Chief Justice
of India or his nominee
and the LoP
Use of technology Not effectively Effective; recently a Advocacy on promoting Moderately
used to create smartphone technology like e- comprehensive
awareness; No application was procurement, e-payment website; online
comprehensive launched to enhance etc. for reducing direct complaint
website ICAC's transparency; contact points with public mechanism; low use
Effective websites & officials, improving of media
online complaint transparency;
mechanism; effective comprehensive websites
use of media and complaint
mechanisms; effective use
of media
Engagement with Citizens' inquest of A comprehensive and Awareness campaigns by Strategy is there,
the public prosecution long-term sector the CVC but not extensively
committees specific strategy to implemented
proactively promote
a culture of integrity
and foster
community support
Effectiveness in Effective in Very effective Not very effective Not effective at all
controlling both controlling petty
petty and grand corruption
corruption

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SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES,
GAPS, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE WAY FORWARD
A publication of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI).
1. Introduction
According to the World Bank definition, Social
Accountability (SAc) is the concept that revolves around the
participation of citizens and civil society organizations in
public decision-making process (World Bank, 2005). The
DFID defines it as ‘The ability of the citizens, civil society
and the private sector to scrutinize public institutions and
governments and to hold them to account” (DFID, 2009). It
is the idea that lays the foundation for good governance –
one of the most desired phenomena for successive
governments in Pakistan.
The ‘Social Accountability’ jargon is quite new to citizens
and civil society in Pakistan. However, the essence that it
captures, and demands that it puts forth before the
governments is not new, as the social scientists have long
been demanding for transparency driven from citizen’s
access to information and fair use of country’s economic and
social resources through participatory governance (Ismail
and Rizvi, 2000). While referring to Pakistan’s acute
governance crisis that remained unresolved throughout
dictatorial and democratic regimes, it has been observed
that the issue finds its roots in the country’s legislative and
administrative framework that hinders transition towards
a decentralized local government system and promotes and
protects the corrupt and impede the creation and promotion
of institutionalization of standard governance practices
(Ismail and Rizvi, 2000).
Despite having varied definitions for good governance,
there has been a wider consensus among the social scientists
in Pakistan that the biggest impediment on the way to
achieving the phenomena is lack of ‘accountability’ of the
public office-bearers and the service providers. Perhaps it
was the reason that after ousting Nawaz Sharif’s elected
government in a military coup in October 1999, the then
Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf tried to justify his act
by promulgating the National Accountability Ordinance,
which culminated in the creation of National Accountability
Bureau(NAB) and promised accountability of all the
corrupt. However, as expected, the promise could never be
fulfilled and soon after its creation, NAB appeared to be
another source of political victimization, validating the
point that supply side accountability mechanism is always
prone to be misused.
Observing examples and situations similar to those in
Pakistan and in other developing countries, the
international interest has grown into the concept of Social
Accountability where it is the media and civil society that
has started demanding transparent governments and
improved service delivery (Smulovitz and Peruzzotti 2000).
Emerging as a tool that complements the process of
accountability through electoral process, the SAc has
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
ensured that the civil society can also be a decisive force in
ensuring quality service delivery (DFID July 2006).
2. The Social Accountability Evolution in Pakistan:
Though social scientists in Pakistan have been stressing for
public participation in decision-making process for a long, it
was only in 1995 when evidence based monitoring with the
help of communities was initiated first by the civil society
organizations (WBI 2007). Two years’ down the line,
following the Asian Slump in 1997, these were the
economists who demanded of good governance through
public participation and monitoring for efficient utilization
of public resources (Coventry and Hussein, 2010). However,
the major step in this regard was taken by the then
government in 2000 when it formed the National
Reconstruction Bureau, which led to the initiatives of
launching local governments. Under this new local
government system, the authority and decision-making
capacity were delegated to the lowest tier of governments
and the respective communities (WBI, 2007). These reforms,
according to Sirker and Cosic (2007), were made to improve
people’s access to service delivery. In order to make this
system quick and effective, the government also set up the
National Reconstruction Information Management (NRIM)
System.
This new NRIM system, however, had some inherited
defaults. It lacked the scope to capture responses from all
the citizens as the formal system had record of information
only about those who had access to the public services and
missed the ones who were the most marginalized and
vulnerable and were not benefitting from the public services
(WBI, 2007). Faced with this situation, the UNDP, with the
help of other international donors, designed and
implemented.Social Audits at district levels. This was
perhaps the first time when one of the SAc tools was
implemented in Pakistan.
Back in 1999, the Canadian International Development
Agency implemented a project named ‘Communication for
Effective Social Service Delivery (CESSD) in Pakistan’. The
first phase of the project, implemented across North West
Frontier Province (presently known as Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa), was initiated with the help of provincial and
local governments. Until 2007, the project team worked
with five district governments along with some select sub-
district and village level public officials and NGOs. The goal
of the project was to deliver decentralized social services
through enhanced community participation. The most
visible success in promoting citizens’ participation for
quality public service delivery was marked by CESSD
through the establishment of Community Citizens Boards
(CCBs). The members of these boards were provided with
formal training for enhanced capacity to directly receive
development funds and to utilize those funds for community
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 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
development projects at grass roots level. The experience
shared by the Social Audits and the CESSD greatly helped
sensitized the government officials in realizing the
effectiveness of citizens’ engagement for effective service
delivery. After 2008, the provincial governments tried to
roll back the local governance system by delaying the local
government polls, so the SAc practices that had started
taking roots in the society suffered a major blow. Though
there have been isolated initiatives on the government’s part
where promotion of social accountability was stressed, they
could not be scaled up.
The government’s initiatives to promote social
accountability in Pakistan have essentially not been rooted
in community’s demands. Rather, they have been mainly
driven by the need and wish to please the international
financial institution and donors – mainly IMF and the
World Bank. On the basis of data taken from a WB-funded
project on Health in Sindh during 1990 to 1999, researchers
(Israr, et al.,2006) argue that good governance,
characterized by transparency, accountability and citizen’s
participation play critical role in sustaining the donor-
funded projects. That’s why, the successive governments
have been implementing donor-funded projects while
adhering to certain accountability measures.
As for as the promotion of accountability to achieve good
governance is concerned, the researchers and social
scientists find it greatly contingent upon ‘external
accountability’ or ‘vertical accountability’ rather than the
‘internal’ or ‘horizontal accountability’ (Ahmed, R, 2008).
However, what the governments in Pakistan have been
trying to promote is more of a reflection of the former than
the latter. This approach led to creating a greater room for
civil society intervention. Mainly supported by external
donors, lately, the CSOs have taken initiatives to influence
government priorities for spending on and reforming the
public service delivery.
Initiated by a large number of donors, including the World
Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the United Nations,
the implementation of social accountability tools in Pakistan
has also attracted the Asia Foundation, DFID, USAID,
Affiliated Network for Social Accountability (ANSA) and the
International Budget Project. The organizations that have
led the process locally include: Sustainable Development
Policy Institute (SDPI), Community Information and
Empowerment Technologies (CIET), Devolution Trust for
Community Empowerment (DTCE), Mahbub-ul-Haq
Human Development Centre, Social Policy Development
Centre (SPDC), Heart file, Governance Institutes’ Network
International (GINI), Pakistan Institute of Development
Economics (PIDE), Omar Asghar Khan Foundation (OAKF),
Centre for Peace and Development
Initiatives (CPDI), Shehri Organization, Hisaar Foundation,
CESSD, the Consumer Network, Transparency
International and the ActionAid. The social accountability
tools that have been implemented by these organizations
include: Participatory Budgeting, Public Expenditure
Tracking Surveys, Monitoring of Public Service Delivery,
Citizen Report Cards, Community Score Cards,
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Investigative Journalism, Public Commissions and Citizen
Advisory Boards.
3. Challenges to promote Social Accountability
in Pakistan:
The challenges to promote Social Accountability in Pakistan
are pretty much similar to those faced by other South Asian
countries that have struggled to attain good governance
through civic engagement. In identifying and highlighting
the below mentioned challenges, besides the secondary
literature, experience of primary research conducted by
SDPI (implementation of Citizen Report Card in the
education sector of Pakistan) has also been utilized. The
most prominent of these challenges include:
3.10. Government/ State’s resistance to reform:
Amid the entrenched governance system that, at the hands
of patronizing politics, has gone extremely inefficient, there
is a severe resistance on the part of government and the
state to reform. For instance, after the promulgation of
Right to Information Act through a Presidential Ordinance,
the Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives (CPDI), an
Islamabad-based NGO, tried to access some information
held with the Ministry of Law. However, time and again, its
requests were turned down by the respective officials on the
basis that the requested information will only open a
Pandora’s box, which might lead to political unrest in the
country. Access to the said information could only be made
possible after the organization invoked the Ombudsman.
Similarly, when SDPI tried to implement Citizen Report
Card in two of the slums in Islamabad to assess the quality
of education being provided to students in public schools of
the subjected area, the Federal Directorate of Education
tried to hinder the process by initially not allowing the
schoolteachers to cooperate with the organization’s research
teams. It has been observed that the resistance on the part of
government agencies is mainly due to the inherent
deficiencies – the authorities concerned do not want to be
exposed.
6. A difficult, confusing accountability landscape:
At the moment, for social accountability initiatives’ success,
it is essential for them to be politically astute, i.e. the
implementers must “test the applicability of these initiatives
against complexity of prevailing conditions”. “The task of
promoting and achieving social accountability has to be
located within the context of political action that would
include civil society’s role, but not limited to it.” Researchers
(Coventry and Hussein, 2010) argue that “good
understanding of the political economy of the sector, to
align accountability interventions with the other
governance developments rather than stand-alone
initiatives that are pro-poor and avoid elite capture” can be
of greater help in the promulgation of SAc initiatives.
3.3. Disruption by powerful vested interests:
The powerful interests that have become major stakeholders
of government or public officials’ corruption and wrong
doings can go to any extent to hinder application of social
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accountability
tools. In fact not only implementation of the SAc tools, they
usually hinder all sorts of interaction of the development
organizations with their communities. In rural areas of
Gujranwala and Gujrat, it happened several times when the
civil society organizations were threatened to leave the
areas while communities were threatened not to welcome
and cooperate with the NGO representatives. Same hostile
behaviors have been reported by the organizations
struggling to work with the communities where religious
fundamentalists have hold of the local political and
administrative structure.
3.4. Weak/ no Implementation of Right to
Information Act:
“Public’s Access to Information is frequently referred to as
an important pre-condition to responsive and accountable
public institutions” (Coventry and Hussein, 2010). After 10
years of the promulgation of Right to Information
Ordinance (October 2002) and a very recent incorporation
of Article 19-A into the Constitution regarding right to
information being the basic and fundamental rights of the
citizens across Pakistan, the matching mechanism is yet to
be worked out that may ensure public offices’ compliance to
this new part of the Constitution.
The researchers’ believe that a conducive environment for
SAc cannot be created unless there is a regular availability
of reliable and relevant information. The access to
information should not only be free, but also in an easy to
understand way.
• Centralization
Pakistan emulates a centralized governance system, where
instead of institutions, individuals (usually politicians)
wield all the power and authority and exercise the same
without any regard to the law and Constitution.
CSOs’ weak governance and accountability
mechanisms
Currently, the civil society organizations are leading the
initiatives to promote social accountability to fix the
governance crisis in Pakistan. However, not all of the civil
society organizations adhere to the standard governance
and accountability systems. Many of the CSOs discourage
discussions on their own transparency and accountability,
which puts their credibility under question. Weak
governance and accountability systems of those very
proponents of social accountability organizations leave
their voices less reliable before the masses and shake their
trust in the idea of governance through participation.
Unless we overcome these six major challenges, the
promotion of social accountability in Pakistan will not
become smooth, and will always provide a chance to its
opponents to disrupt the process citing these excuses.
3.7. Absence of an enabling Environment
The enabling environment for the promotion of social
accountability in Pakistan is missing. By enabling
environment, we mean there is an absence of matching legal
and regulatory frameworks, policies, an accommodating
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
political environment and an accessible, open and receptive
government. Many of the successful SAc tools
implementation exercises on the part of civil society
organizations could not yield the desired results as due to
the legal and constitutional loopholes, despite expressing
their discontent from the quality of public service
delivery through community score cards and citizen report
cards, the citizens could not actually hold the service
providers/public officials to account.
3.8. Political and institutional capacity of the
government and the civil society:
Amid an elite captured political system in Pakistan, the
political and institutional capacity of the government to
respond to the rights and entitlements, security and social
justice needs of the masses has weakened. The researchers
note that social accountability initiatives can be effective
and sustainable only when they are institutionalized. And
the state is obliged to cooperate in broader accountability
projects and it facilitates and strengthens the civic
engagement into the process. Also, the civil society lacks the
capacities and capabilities to convince and realize the
government for its constitutional obligation to be
accountable to the masses.
3.9. Absence of Performance Benchmarks
There is hardly any public service in Pakistan that is
benchmarked. Thus, the researchers and social scientists
implementing social accountability tools like Citizen Report
Cards and Community Score Cards serve their firsts of
initiatives to set the benchmarks, which are later on used for
comparisons. Against these benchmarks, gradual
improvement in the public services after citizens’
engagement is measured over time.
3.10. Lack of social Mobilization and effective media
exposure:
Researchers believe that “citizens mobilization is vital to
make local governance more inclusive and accountable”
(Jha, c.et al 2009). Mobilizing the masses to account the
public officials for quality public service delivery requires a
lot of efforts in Pakistan. The practice here is that societies
have rarely been taken on board for collective decisions, and
their complaints have never been heard by the institutions
unless endorsed by the local MNAs and MPAs. In such an
environment, realizing the masses their power and
expecting of them to stand to demand their constitutional
right is not at all easy. It requires lots of social mobilization,
activities that would educate them of their rights and
entitlements and the state’s responsibilities towards them.
Media exposure can be of great help in this regard. In the
SAc exercises implemented so far, CSOs have rarely used
media to highlight their work. Had their work been properly
highlighted, this could have served a long way in leveling
the field for other similar exercises across the country and
could have, somewhat, integrated the struggle for better
governance through civic engagement. According to the
researchers, citizens’ mobilizations comprise two steps;
firstly, to facilitate their access to information, and
secondly, to build their capacity for accountability actions.
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4. Gaps in Social Accountability Exercises in
Pakistan:
The World Bank (2006) observes strong evidences that
depict correlation between a country’s governance system
and its development performance. The World Development
Report (2000-2001) sees accountability as an essential
component to empowerment of the marginalized and hence
the poverty reduction. Citing examples of the countries
where SAc has been implemented, Ahmed, R (2008) writes:
“Unbundling of governance components such as rule of law,
voice and accountability, corruption control and state
capture have indicated that a greater focus on external
accountability can lead to improve governance.” Ahmed
also notes that the SAc initiatives can only be fruitful when
they are institutionalized and when besides vertical
accountability, state’s internal or horizontal accountability
mechanisms are also strong and transparent. In this
context, when we analyze the social accountability exercises
in Pakistan, we find the following gaps that have hindered
the SAc initiatives from attaining the desired success.
4.1. Missing of required skills
“Every SAc initiative must have a detailed training strategy
for both the citizens and the officials concerned, who have
assigned roles in the programs”. The biggest stakeholders of
the Social Accountability process usually lack the skills and
resources to conduct it at their own. As the researchers
describe it, “Poor people are the greatest beneficiaries of
effective social accountability initiatives as they are the
most reliant on government services and least equipped to
hold government officials accountable” (Malena, Foster and
Singh, 2004)
4.2. No donor support to build supply side capacity
The Social Accountability agenda in Pakistan has so far
been supported by the donors, who have mainly focused on
building capacities on demand side of the equations. For
these initiatives to be effective, it is imperative for the
donors to finance the initiatives that build supply side
capacities (public officials, politicians, policy-makers etc.) as
well.
4.7. Women’s voice/role is usually neglected
While building communities’ capacity to account the public
officials for the provision and quality of public service
delivery, disadvantaged groups, especially women’s role
and their voices are neglected by the CSOs. Being equally
valuable stakeholders, their say and voice should also be
considered equally important by the CSOs soliciting
communities’ responses.
4.7. No focus on reforms
The SAc initiatives so far have had a case to case or sector to
sector focus, not many of them struggled to sensitize the
policy-makers for reforms in the desired direction.
5. Renewed Urgency for Social Accountability
in Pakistan:
Pakistan is presently faced with a number of political and
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
social issues for which Social Accountability holds a desired
solution. For instance, amid bad governance and poor
security provision, Balochistan province is undergoing the
worst situation where abductions for ransom, killings,
absence of or poor public service delivery, deteriorated law
and order situation and other issues of grave nature have
become the order of the day. According to the Constitution,
both the federal and provincial governments are bound to
provide complete security and protection to the local
communities, but in reality, they are only giving excuses for
their failures. Recently, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has
taken suo moto notice asking the provincial government to
step down if it cannot deliver and fulfil its responsibilities as
laid down in the Constitution. The social infrastructure in
the province has almost collapsed. Only the promotion and
implementation of social accountability tools can salvage it
from further deterioration.
Malala Yousafzai’s incident also marks urgency for the
Social Accountability. The young girl, who was targeted by
the Taliban, only used to exercise her right of expression
through which she exhibited her love for education. She also
condemned the violence at the hands of militants, who blew
up many schools in the area and threatened the girls and
teachers from going to school. In this case too, the state
failed to protect a student, who exercised her right to
express. The rise of social accountability can compel the
government to ensure enough protection to the locals in the
area so that this right might be exercised without any fear
or oppression.
In other issues of similar nature, both in Balochistan and the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the border security forces, in the
name of targeting militants and insurgents, are reportedly
committing tyrannies against the local people. If the people
are made aware of their right to account the public officials,
they can compel the latter to overcome such oppressions.
6. Opportunities for Social Accountability
promotion in Pakistan:
By opportunities here we mean the complementing factors
already present or have developed in Pakistan’s social and
political arena that, if exploited well, can be of great help in
the promotion of Social Accountability in the country.
Among others, these opportunities include:
5. Revival of a responsible judiciary
Apex judiciary, during the past few years, has emerged as
the protector of rights of the masses. Through exercising the
right to take suo moto notices, it has heard a number of
issues where rights of the common people were
compromised at the hands of public officials. It has taken
notices of a number of corruption scandals highlighted by
the media and ordered independent commissions to probe
into them, have taken suo moto notices of the incidents of
missing persons in Balochistan and their reported killings at
the hands of law-enforcement agencies, and have heard
cases against the public service providers where relief has
been given to the common people. The judiciary’s active and
pro poor and pro people role has also added to the
confidence of common people into it. They now frequently
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 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
resort to it without any hesitation whenever they feel
government institutions are not being fair to them. Amid
these acts, the judiciary is becoming a partner to the civil
society in ensuring demand side accountability. It is
expected that within its own constitutional limits, the
judiciary will keep on extending help for protecting people’s
right to hold public office-bearers accountable.
6.3. Vibrant Media
Present day Pakistan has a very vibrant media that thrives
on aspirations of the common masses. It is developing social
consciousness and actions that are essential to develop and
promote social accountability. On a daily basis, it highlights
the plight of people suffering at the hands of officials at
public and private institutions. It also follows up with its
stories unless notice is taken and the specific issues are
resolved. While implementing the SAc tools, organizations
like SDPI, CPDI, and Shehri Organization took media, both
print and electronic, on board and shared with them their
findings. Consequently, the issues highlighted by them were
not only given due space, but also renowned writers picked
up these issues for further advocacy work. If systematically
engaged, dispelling the skepticism of its biasness, media can
prove to be a catalyst in the promotion of Social
Accountability in Pakistan.
6.6. Politically aware and charged masses
Amid greater exposure to media, the masses in Pakistan are
far more politically aware and charged to struggle for their
rights. If educated and properly mobilized, they can readily
own and stand behind the initiatives that ensure civic
engagement in public decision-making process.
6.4. Strengthened civil society
Civil society in Pakistan has recently witnessed great
success. Lately, it has fought against and ousted a
dictatorial regime, despite severe opposition from the
government; it has got the judiciary restored, and
important bills passed on women rights. Banking on media
freedom, civil society has greatly added strength to its voice.
If civil society is sensitized to collectively take up the idea, it
can be of great help for the promotion of social
accountability in the country.
6.5. Receptive political parties:
Amid free media and a vibrant and vocal civil society,
political parties in Pakistan have experienced a great
evolution. Now they are open and more receptive to new
ideas. Marking their presence on social media as well to
have a direct contact with the society, they now act faster on
public demands. Taking advantage of such a situation, the
civil society and media can convince them to include
promotion of civic engagement in public decision-making
process into their manifestos. Furthermore, civil society
organizations working to promote social accountability in
the country can arrange orientation sessions and training
workshops for parliamentarians. Through these workshops,
their understanding of social accountability and its virtues
for a just and fair society can be improved. Besides, through
this engagement, they can be persuaded to play their role
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
for necessary SAc related legislation in Pakistan.
7. Way forward/ recommendations for
success of Social Accountability in
Pakistan:
The awareness regarding the importance of social
accountability has started emerging in Pakistan. The World
Bank (2005) observes that “the emergence of social
accountability has shown that society is powerful, and it has
great potential to hold the government(s) accountable.” It
has great support from the civil society and the (vulnerable)
segments it has benefited so far. Whenever practiced “social
accountability provides a platform for the citizens and
groups previously excluded from the political process, to
engage in the governance process.” While the society in
Pakistan is realizing the virtues of accounting public
officials through civic engagement, following
recommendations may be of help in pacing up this process:
i. Public access to regular, reliable and relevant
information be ensured – For this purpose, e-
governance is the prescribed mantra, and unless it
is done, public officials can be asked to devote a
proportion of their official time to be devoted for
hearing and redressing public grievances and
entertaining the requests for access to public data.
ii. Legal and regulatory environment be strengthened
for freedom and pluralism in access to information.
Further, there should be constitutional protection
for the whistle blowers unmasking the corruption
and abuse of power and values.
iii. Communication mechanism with the vulnerable
groups – women, minorities, ultra poor, be
strengthened – like in case of PEMRA, it has
established a 24/7 hotline where complaints from
the citizens can be lodged if and when they notice
any unethical content on the media. In the similar
way, hotlines can be established by other public
service providers e.g. NEPRA, PTCL, WASSA etc.
iv. Besides leading demand-led initiatives, donors
should also focus on building capacity on supply
side of the equation – political and institutional
capacity of the government be worked upon, and
there must be a synergy between the two. For this,
training workshops of public officials on social
accountability can be organized and essential
technical support can be provided through
comprehensive manuals.
v. There must be a good understanding of ‘political
economy’ of governance issues in the country
among the SAc initiative leaders so that
40
 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
accountability interventions can be aligned with
other governance developments.
vi. Communities’ role be strengthened through
overcoming the ‘centralization’ of power and
authority – it can be done through promoting
participatory governance
vii. Services provided by the state should be
benchmarked for effective monitoring and
evaluation and for comparison with ideal
standards of service delivery
viii. Social Accountability mechanisms should
integrated within state’s project and schemes at all
three – planning and design, implementation and
monitoring, and evaluation, phases
ix. Evidence base should be built through
documentation of SAc experiences and their impact
evaluations in Pakistan. For this, civil society
organizations working on SAc should
encouraged to publish and share their experiences
and lessons learned on their official websites.
x. Besides building technical skills, donors’ and
THE PANAMA PAPERS VERDICT AND
POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN PAKISTAN
(By Zahra Dsouza: London Schol of Economics
The 2016 Panama Papers leak linking three of Sharif’s
children to offshore accounts caused quite a stir, at least
among the public. The Sharif family’s vague and conflicting
accounts of how they came to acquire the assets held by the
offshore entities and assurances that there was no merit to
the allegations of corruption appeared to satisfy the
regulatory authorities. The Federal Investigation Agency
(FIA), National Accountability Bureau (NAB), State Bank of
Pakistan (SBP), Federal Bureau of Revenue (FBR), and
Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP)
failed to investigate allegations of corruption. Instead,
opposition leader Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) chair
Imran Khan chair, Jamaat-e-Islami chief Siraj-ul-Haq and
Awami Muslim League chief Shaikh Rasheed Ahmed
petitioned the Supreme Court to disqualify Sharif from
holding public office under Article 62(1)(f) of the
Constitution on the grounds of dishonesty. With general
elections to be held next year, the move was derided as
politically motivated . Alternatively, the petition signals that
Imran Khan remains committed to the eradication of
corruption, the platform on which he ran during the 2013
election campaign.
On the publication of the Supreme Court’s decision (full text
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
implementers should also focus on building political
skills of the targeted communities – better political
skills will enable the communities to engage with
public officials and political leaders more effectively
to ensure provision of timely and quality public
service delivery
xi. The mechanism to engage with the communities
and societies be diversified – i.e. the donors and
implementers must come out of their comfort zones
to work with non-traditional civil society groups
be such as trade unions, social movements, including
those of lawyers, and religious organizations to
promote social accountability
xii. Social Accountability initiatives on the part
of NGOs and CSOs usually target and
address entrenched values of a society; they
must be given greater time to work and show
be the desired impact. This demands a greater
support and flexible approach on the part of
donors
xiii. .
available here) Maryam Sharif took to twitter to express her
relief and opposition leaders continued to call for Sharif’s
resignation. The public was divided along political lines with
PML-N supporters cheering while PTI and PPP supporters
were of the view that the Court shirked its responsibility in
ordering the constitution of a Joint Investigation Team (JIT)
rather than disqualifying Sharif. This may be due in part to
the fact that with a few exceptions, commentary on the
decision commenced with a Godfather quip and glossed over
the 500+ pages opinion and However, the Court stated that
although it could consider disputed questions of fact where a
fundamental rights and public importance demanded under
Article 184(3) of the Constitution, the proceedings would not
resemble the Spanish Inquisition (p.351).
Apart from quoting literature, the Court criticised the Sharif
family to the extent of preparing a table to illustrate the
discrepancies in their stories (p.88-94). Public statements
and interviews are not of the same evidentiary value as
sworn affidavits and that statements by members of
parliament in the national assembly, to the extent that they
deal with assembly business, are protected by privilege.
However, dishonesty could be inferred from the
contradictions in various statements made by the Sharif
family to the Pakistani public, the National Assembly and the
41
 Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
Court about how the relevant properties in London had been
acquired. In a nod to the man on the Clapham omnibus, the
Court concluded that even a pedestrian in Pakistan Chowk,
Dera Ghazi Khan would arrive at the same conclusion (p.95).
The Court also chastised the regulatory authorities for their
failure to investigate the instant case. The Chairman of NAB
defended his inaction by stating that he was awaiting action
by unnamed regulators (p.52). It is unclear what relevance
any investigations launched by the lettered agencies would
have to an investigation by NAB. The Court commented on
the Chairman’s incompetence stating, “If out of the 200
million people of Pakistan the only person, we can find to
head over Premier Anti-corruption Institution is
Respondent No.2, we might as well legalise corruption.”
(p.313) Other regulators also came under fire. The
Chairman of the FBR stated that investigations were
commenced immediately after the leak against all
individuals who allegedly owned offshore companies, but
cited practical and procedural difficulties in ascertaining
their identities. In fact, investigations were only initiated
after six months had passed. The Speaker of the National
Assembly also failed to refer the matter to the Election
Commission. To date, not a single regulatory agency has
investigated the allegations on its own initiative. Perhaps
this has something to do with the fact that the heads of
these agencies are political appointees and therefore
reluctant to bite the hand that feeds them?
The Court also cited examples of the regulatory
agencies’ legacy of giving politicians a clean slate
upon their election to public office:
“In the case of Mian Hamza Shahbaz
Sharif v. Federation of Pakistan and others
(1999 P.Cr.L.J. 1584) two FIRs had been
registered by the Federal Investigation
Authority in the year 1994 and Challans in
respect of such FIRs had been submitted
before the competent court with the
allegations that respondent No. 1 and
others had indulged in serious corruption
and money laundering, etc. Those Challans
had been quashed later on at a time when
respondent No. 1 was serving as the Prime
Minister of the country. In the case of
Messers Hudabiya Paper Mills Ltd. and
others v. Federation of Pakistan and others
(PLD 2016 Lahore 667) a Reference had
been filed by the National Accountability
Bureau against respondent No. 1 and
others with the allegations of corruption
and money laundering, etc. but even that
Reference was quashed during the
incumbency of respondent No. 1 as the
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
Prime Minister of the country.” (p.18)
The question arises, who will hold the regulators
accountable?
The Court examined Article 62(1)(f) of the Constitution,
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 , and National
Accountability Ordinance, 1999 and cases where
dishonesty, corruption and disqualification of public
officials had been at issue. Section 5-C of the Prevention of
Corruption Act, 1947 mandates imprisonment of any public
servant for a term of up to seven years and forfeiture of any
property, either in his own name or in the name of any
other person, believed to have been acquired by improper
means and proved to be disproportionate to known sources
of income in the event of failure to account for such
possession to the satisfaction of the Court. Further, under
Section 9(a)(v) of the National Accountability Ordinance,
1999:
“A holder of a public office, or any other
person, is said to commit or to have
committed the offence of corruption and
corrupt practices:- …
(v) if he or any of his dependents or
benamidars owns, possesses, or has
acquired right or title in any assets or holds
irrevocable power of attorney in respect of
any assets or pecuniary resources
disproportionate to his known sources of
income, inability to reasonably account for
or maintains a standard of living beyond
that which is commensurate with his
sources of income …”.
Under Section 14(c) failure to account for such assets
therefore creates a presumption of guilt. Thus the onus fell
on the Sharif family to provide evidence to exonerate
themselves.
Although Sharif declared that his finances were an open
book, the Court was cognisant of the “many missing pages”
(p.98). The Court considered nomination papers filed by
Sharif for election to the National Assembly, the Share Sale
Contract, and the Tripartite Sale Agreement pertaining to the
factory in Dubai. However, the records did not establish a
connection between the proceeds of the sale of the shares and
acquisition of the properties in London and the Court could
not determine the ownership of the property and assets.
Disqualification of holder of public office under Article
184(3) of the Constitution must be based on an investigation
and presentation of evidence at trial before Accountability
42
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
Court. However, the inability of the petitioners and the failure
of the respondents to provide evidence establishing the illegality
or otherwise of the transactions in question rendered issues of
fact inconclusive. Thus, the Court constituted a JIT to
investigate whether Sharif or any of his dependents “owns,
possesses or has acquired assets or any interest therein
disproportionate to his known means of income” and submit a
report to the Court within 60 days of its constitution (p.547).
So, the saga continues. In the absence of definitive evidence of
corruption, the verdict is not surprising. The JIT, composed of
representatives of the FIA, NAB, SECP, SBP, Inter Services
Intelligence and Military Intelligence, and thus including the
very regulators that turned a blind eye to the allegations of
corruption in the first place, does not inspire confidence. This is
evidenced by the rejection of representatives of the SBP and
SECP. Nevertheless, the initiative of the opposition underlines
that democracy is at work in Pakistan. On announcement of the
decision, both the incumbent and opposition leadership
distributed sweets to celebrate their respective ‘victories’. In the
Solved Past Papers
SOLVED MCQS OF CSS COMPULSORY
PAPERS 2012
MCQs of CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2012
1. Mountain Uhad is located in: Madina
2. The incident of Meeraj has beendiscussed in surah : Isra,a
3. The method of ablution is in suraha. Al-Baqrah: Al-
Maidah
4. How many lashes is the punishment of Adultry in Quran is
: 100
5. Tafsir Bil Rai means: Ijtehad
6. According to Nabi Akram (PBUH. themost favourite place
of Allah is: Mosque
7. After Hijrat to Madina the 1st mosqueconstructed by the
holly prophet (pbuh. was: Quba
8. Illat is a part of: Qiyas
9. For -------- Saturday is important: Jews
10. Which is a religious book of Hinduism: Ramain
11. In which Hijra the order of Zakaat was revealed: Osta is
the religious book of: Zartishtianism
13. Who is the writer of Fatawa Alamgiri: Aurangzeb
Alamgir (Compiled.
14. In which place seven small stones arecollected to strike
Jammarats? Muzdalfa
15. Which surah is about oneness of Allah? Al-Ikhlas
16. Fi Jeedha --------------- means: in her neck
17. ---------------- a’tainakka means: We give you
18. ------------------- hablu means: Rope
19. --------------- alshaitaa wal saif: Winter and spring
20. The 3rd Islamic month is: Rabiulawal
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
run up to the 2018 elections the PTI will highlight the decision
as a successful challenge to corruption and campaign on the
platform of enforcing accountability. However, all may not be
lost for the PML-N. Allegations of corruption have yet to halt
political aspirations. Despite being dubbed “Mr. 10 percent” and
indicted for corruption charges and murder, Zardari was elected
President in 2008 and was acquitted of criminal charges.
Similarly, Sharif was appointed Prime Minister in 2013 despite
allegations of rigging the 1990 election and corruption. Sharif
may be able to rehabilitate his image by providing evidence that
all assets owned by the Sharif family have been acquired
legitimately. Additionally, he could implement measures to
ensure that regulators will not be biased by political affiliations.
As an example, he could propose that the NAO be amended such
that the Chairperson of NAB would be appointed by the
Supreme Court. Ultimately it is for Pakistani citizens to hold
politicians accountable via their vote and end dynastic politics
that will likely see Bilawal Bhutto and political aspirant Maryam
Sharif contest future elections.
MCQs of CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2012
1 . The Silsilah-i-Chishtiyah was founded in sub Continent by
whom? Kh Muinud Din Ajmeri
2 . When Shah Wali Ullah died? 1762
3 . Who was appointed the first principal of Darul ulum
Deoband? Maulana Muhammad Qasim
4 . Who floated the idea of establishment of Anjuman-e-Hamiat-
e-Islam? Munshi Charag Din
5 . All India national congress was established by a British civil
servant in 1885. Name the officer: A.O. Hume
6 . Viceroy Lord Curzon divided the Bengal in east and west on:
19th july 1905
7 . Which year proved the turning point of the Muslim destiny in
the history of India?
1906
8 . Where the annual sessions of National Congress and Muslim
League were held simultaneously? Lucknow
9 . Who was the author of “Emergence of Pakistan”?
Muhammad Ali Ch.
10 . When Sir Stafford Cripps announced his formula to seek the
co-operation between the National Congress and Muslim
League? March 30,1942
11 . When the Simla conference under the presidentship of Lord
Wavell was ended?
June 14, 1945
12 . By whom the formula of 3rd June 1947 to divide India was
announced? Lord Mount Batten
13 . Who was the first president of Constituent Assembly of
Pakistan? Quaid-e-Azam
43
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
14 . Under whom leadership the Constitution of 1956 was
passed? Ch. Muhammad Ali
15 . When the Constitution of 1973 was proclaimed? August
14, 1973
16 . When Indus Water Treaty was signed between India and
Pakistan? 1960
17 . in which constitution the presidential and parliamentary
system at centre and provinces were adopted respectively?
1962
18 . When was the 18th Amendment Bill passed by National
Assembly? None of these (April, 08, 2012 .
19 . How much amount was allocated for the agriculture
sector in the 7th five year plan?
Rs.15600 million
20 . Which pass connects Parachanar and Kohat with
Afghanistan? Kurram pass
MCQs of CSS Current Affairs Paper 2012
1.The first constructed barrage of Pakistan is: Sukkur
barrage
2.Where was Jesus Christ born? Jerusalem
3.RAW is an abbreviation of: research and analysis wing
4.Who was the first viceroy of India? Lord Canning
5.According to Rousseau legitimate political authority is
based on: social conduct
6.East India company was established in: 1600
7.British government sold Kashmir to Gulab sing in: 1846
8.Gymnophobia is the fear of: nudity
9.Mac Mohan is the border between: India and China
10.Places experiencing equal impact of an earthquake are
called: seismic lines
11.Which is the deepest ocean in the world: Pacific
12.Largest Airport of the world is: Dubai airport
13.“Wafa” news agency belongs to: Palestine
14.“FBI” of America was established in: none of
these(1908)
15.Who was the founder of republican party of USA: none of
these(Thomas Jefferson)
16.Who was the first chief minister of Baluchistan from may
1972 to February 1973?: Sardar Attaullah Mengal
17.Who was the first Muslim chief of air staff of Pakistan?:
Air Marshal Asghar khan
18.Which country is the biggest producer of uranium in the
world?: Canada
19.In Pakistan the first martial law was imposed on:
October 1958
20.The federal government established Thar coal authority in
which year: 2008
MCQs of CSS Everyday Science 2012
Q-1 Select the best option and fill the appropriate circle.
1.A scientific method will seek to explain natural events and
make useful prediction in. A consistently reproducible
manner
2.“Truth is the sought for its own sake and those who are
engaged upon the quest for anything for its own sake are not
interested in other things. Finding the truth is difficult and the
road to it is rough”. This was stated by which key figure in the
development of scientific method in the 11th century? Ibn al
Haytham
3.Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Musa al-Khwarizmi is
famous for writing the “Kitab al Jaber Wal Muqabla” in
which he. Presented the first systematic solution of
linear and quadratic equations
4.Galileo Galilee was persecuted by the Catholic Church for
the suspicion of holding the view that: the earth was
probably not the centre of the earth
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
5.The proliferation of education and dissemination of knowledge
in the last two centuries had led to a faith in science that: none
of these
6.Science attempts to: Explain how the universe works by
discovering the laws regulating everything around us
7.Ibn Zuhr, the author of Al Taisir, is known as: The father of
experimental surgery
8.Ibn Khaldun’s Muqqadmiah is regarded by many as: the first
work dealing with a philosophy of history
9.A physical, mathematical or logical representation of a natural
phenomenon is called A scientific model
10.ISSAC Newton and Gottfried Leibniz working independent in
the 17th century laid the foundation of classical physics and are
known as fathers of integral and differential calculus
11.A light year is: the distance covered by light in one of
our solar years
12.Our Sun is classified for : A yellow dwarf
13.The Sun provides most of its energy by: Nuclear fusion
which involves converting “H” to “He”
14.Which of the following is the correct ordering of inner planets
according to its proximity to the Sun : Mercury, Venus ,
Earth , Mars
15.How long does our Earth take to turn of its axis: 24 Hours
16.Tides are generated by: The gravitational effect of SUN
and Moon on our Earth
17.Season are generated by: The movement of Earth around
the Sun
18.Although the mass of a man in a Moon remains same as on
the Earth, he will : Weigh twice as much
19.If we are at sea level our atmosphere pressure down on us
with a pressure of : 14.3 Fps
20.The efficiency of machine is : Always less than 100%
21.A material with high elasticity: Return as soon as
possible to its original shape upon being stretched and
then released
22.Matter and energy: converted one to each other
23.Electric current: Both a & b `
24.Electricity and magnesium are: Two facts of same forces
25.Bail bearings help wheels and other restarting objects: Move
without consuming any energy
26.Photographers works by : Capturing light reflected from
the object being photographed
27. Arthur C.Clarke ,The famous science fiction author, while
working as a radio operator in British Army in World War_ II,
proposed that a network of satellites in stationary orbits at very
altitudes around the Earth be used to bounce
communications signals all over the World
28.The Sino Pakistani JF-17 thunder aircraft: Has no stealth
features in its engine inlets or else here
29.Communication satellites are in : Geostationary orbit
30.RAM of a computer refers to: Random Access Memory
31.Which of the following is responsible for transporting oxygen
in the blood? Red blood cells _____ RBC
32.Which of the following is true for hormones? All hormones
are amino acids
33.Prokaryotes have which of the following structures?Nucleus
34.Diversity in which of the following groups is not due to
artificial selection. None of these
35.Arachnophobia refers to a fear of : Spiders
36.Which of the following is a part of DNA? DGTP
37.In humans the “y” chromosome is passed to the next
generation from : Father to son
38.Which of the following is a mammal?Whale
39.Female ova are: Haploid
40.Which of the following is not a part of DNA? Ribose
41.Which of the following is labelled as “gold cholesterol “for
humans? High-density lipoprotein ______HCL
42.Which of the following is an infection disease?Baldness
43.Which of the following is non-essential amino acid? Alanine
44
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
44.Starting from higher choose the correct sequence of
molecules in order of energy yielding: Protein, Sugar, Fats
45.Which of the following is not a part of protein? Sulphuric
Acid
46.The highest source of omega-3 fatty acid is : Fish oil
47.Which of the following gas is essential for human?
Oxygen
48.Protein are made up of: Polypeptide
49.Schizophrenia is a mental disease with the following
symptoms: All the of the above
Which of the following are found in the nucleus?
Chromosome
MCQs of CSS English Composition & Precis Paper
2012
(a)Synonyms
1. Breach. (Opening)
2. Gelignite. (Icy cold)
3. Opulent. (Luxuriant)
4. Verisimilitude. (Variety)
5. Iota. (Small Amount)
(b)Antonyms
6. Despise. (Admire)
7. Lackey. (Master)
8. Egress. (Entrance)
9. Amalgamate. (Separate)
PMS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
PAPER 2006
1. Which of the following Russian oil and gas company which
provides oil and gas to European countries--------:
Gazprom Company
2. Which one of the following planets has the maximum
number of satellites--------: Jupiter
3. Which is the largest planet--------: Jupiter
4. What was the main reason of disqualification of Aral
Sharon for office of Prime Minister of Israel--------: Illness
5. Which of the following vessels of blood carry blood from
different parts of the bodyt to heart--------: Viens
6. What are the two seas lined by Suez Canal--------:
Mediterranean and Red Sea
7. Diego Garcia is a--------: US military base in Indian
Ocean
8. When European captured Palestine from Muslims in
Crusade war--------: 1099
9. What is Kremlin--------: Offices of Russian
Government
10. A mass of ice originating in mountains snowfields above
the snow line is--------: Glacier
11. What is the diameter of earth--------: 12756
12. What is the freezing point of heavy water--------: 3.86 C
13. How many satellites (moons) of Saturn planet--------: 62
14. Which of (Mahatma Gandhi, Indira, Rajiv) died on
natural death--------: None
15. What is Ivy League--------: A group of Eight
Universities in USA
16. "Every action has reaction which is equal but in opposite
direction'--------: Newton’s 3rd Law
17. Who is the current president of France--------: Francois
Hollande
18. First ambassador of Pakistan to UNO was--------:
Ahmad Shah Patras Bokhari
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
10. Insipid. (Tasty)
(c) Complete the sentences:
11. Knowledge is like a deep well fed by.............. springs, and
your mind is a little bucket that you drop in it. (Perennial)
12. The unruly behaviour of children ............. their parents.
(Incensed)
13. He suggests that the meeting............ postponed. (Would be)
14. The landscape was truly......... so arid that even the hardest
plant could not survive. (Parched)
15. His statement was so .......... that everyone was left in doubt.
(Equivocal)
16. I certainly do not .......... your driving your car over the speed
limit. (Approve of)
17. The eagle swooped and ......... a sleeping lizard. (Carried
up)
18. A young officer was .......... the task of taking. (Part with)
19. I am not going to........ This book at any prisoners to the rear
cost. (Charged with)
20. It seemed he was going to .......... him but he controlled
himself. (Lash out at him)
19. Which of the following country is not the member of G-8------
--: China
20. Hepatitis is a viral disease of--------: Liver
21. Talban's movement was started in 1994 from which city of
Afghanistan--------: Kandahar
22 Which cities of Iran and Pakistan are linked through railway
line--------: Zahedan-Quetta
23 Haifa is the Seaport of--------: Israel
24 Headquarter of UNESCO is--------: Paris
25. Which is the main cause of Earthquake--------: Volcanic
activities, movement, dislocation of tectonic Plates
26. Digital Divide term is related to--------: Socio-economic
difference of technology
27. In Much year Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was established-
-------: 1884
28. Who is the writer of the book *Struggle for Pakistan"--------:
I.H. Qureshi
29. Which is the third founder member of ECO except Pak &
Iran--------: Turkey
30. How many Zero are there in 1 trillion--------: 12
31. Who was the first Asian to win Nobel Prize--------:
Rabindar Nath Tagore
32 What is the name of the place where Word Trade Centre USA
was located--------: Ground Zero
33 Coming 10th Conference will be held in 2008 in--------:
Pakistan
34. What is meant by Amicus Curiae--------: A person invited
to advise a lower court on a matter of law in a case
(jurist)
35. What "Nuclear Fission--------: Atom splits into two
masses
36. The Muslim people of Sinkiang province are called--------:
Uighur
45
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
37. A group of Christianity that emphasizes the authority of
the Bible and the importance of personal salvation through
faith is called--------: Evangelical
38. Litani River is located in which country--------: Lebanon
39. What is 'Ikebana"--------: Japanese art of flower
arrangement
40. Gestapo was the secret police organization of--------:
Germany
41. Which flower is the national floral symbol of Pakistan-----
---: Jasmine (Chambeli)
42. Diabetes is a disease of--------: Pancreas
43. Which of the following colours are primary colours--------
: Red, Blue, Green
44. Which of the following wonders of world is situated in
Iraq--------: Hanging Gardens
45. What is the main cause of failure of Pakistan India Iran
gas pipeline project--------: High price demanded by
Iran
46. What is Pariah state--------: A state which is not
acceptable to the world and is avoided by every
country
47. The term Track-ll Diplomacy is used for--------:
Managing relations between two countries using unofficial
channels
48. Which is the oldest stock exchange of the world--------:
Amsterdam Stock Exchange
49. Pakistan State Bank started working on July 1948 with
the help of Rs--------: 30 Millions
50. Al-Hilal newspaper is associated with--------: Maulana
Abul al Kalam Azaad
51. Which of the following country gave the right of monarchy
to women by amending the constitution recently--------:
Japan
52. Which of the following inventions is the oldest--------:
Clock
53. What is Holocaust--------: Killing of Jews during
WW-II
54. E= mc2…..what is C--------: Velocity of Light
55. Myopia is a defect of vision of the--------: Distant object
56. Who is called the Father of Modern Psychology--------:
Frued
57. Who was the first Chief Minister of Punjab--------:
Iftikhar Hussain Mamdoot
58. French Muslim football star Zedane by birth belongs to
which Muslim country--------: Algeria
59. What is Choreography--------: Art of Dancing
60. Doctrine of necessity was used in the case for the forest
time in the history of--------: Maulvi Tameez ud din vs.
State Case
61. AWACS is an abbreviation of--------: Airborne
Warning and Control System
62. Where is Golden Gate situated--------: San Francisco
(USA)
63. .A-writ direct to the person detaining another and
commanding him to produce the body of the prisoner at a
certain time and place with the day and cause of his caption
and detention is called--------: Habeas Corpus
64. When the stock market is failing down it is called--------:
Bearish
Solved FPSC Assistant Director Federal Government
Organization (Intelligence Bureau) Paper 2007
ENGLISH
1. Abhorrence : Hatred and disgust
2. Spurious : Not genuine
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
65. Which of the following rivers crosses the Equator twice--------
: Congo
56. The Headquarters of Asian Development Bank (ADB) is
located at--------: Manila
67. Night blindness is caused by lack of Vitamin--------: A
68. Who is the conqueror of central Asia--------: Qutayba bin
Muslim
69. Who is the author of “India Wins Freedom”--------: Abul al-
Kalam Azad
70. Famous book "A History of God" is written by--------: Karen
Armstrong
71. Which of the following countries is situated below the sea
level--------: Holland (Netherland)
72. "The Spirit of Islam" book was written by--------: Syed
Amir Ali
73. Akhori Dam is located in--------: KPK
74. Taklamakan Desert is located in--------: China
75. Khalil Jibran belonged to--------: Lebanon
76. Headquarters of World Economic situated in--------:
Geneva (Switzerland)
77 Qutab-ud-Din Aibak, ruler of sub-continent died while playing
the--------: Polo (chugan)
78 Babar's tomb is situated--------: Kabul
79 Babar came to India originally from--------: Farghana
80. Which of the following king's tomb is not situated in sub-
continent--------: Babar
81. Which is the largest state of India--------: Rajasthan
82 Which of the following woman Prime Ministers has longest
tenure--------: Bandaranaike
83, Harry Potter is the famous character of--------: J.K
Rowling
84. Chromosomes are--------: made up of DNA as a major
component
85. Which vitamin is provided by sunlight to the human body-----
---: D
86. Alzheimer's disease in human beings is characterized by the
degeneration of--------: Nerve Cells
87. Which of the following civilization are located banks of
Tigris--------: Mesopotemia
88. USA film industry Hollywood is located in--------:
California
89. Who defeated the Mongols in 14th century--------: Runk-
ud-Din Berber
90. What is the meaning of "Vishnu"--------: The Preserver
91. Which is the biggest oil field of Iraq--------: Kirkuk
92 Who is the current ambassador of Pakistan to USA--------:
Aizaz Ahmad
93. Who was the President of USA during World War 1--------:
Woodrow Wilson
94 What will be the total nuclear energy in Pakistan after
completing the Chashma nuclear power plant 11--------: 786
MW
95. Diet is the name of Parliament of the country--------: Japan
96. In which year Egypt nationalized Suez Canal--------: 1956
97. Silicon Valley is located in which state of USA--------:
California
98. What is "Armageddon"--------: A final battle between
nations which will end the world
99. Salisbury is the old name of--------: Harare
100. What is H5N1--------: Virus
3. Sagacious : Showing good judgment
4. Implacable : That cannot be appeared
5. Delinquent : One who fails in duty
46
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
6. The old lady nearly died _______ fright. : from
7. Let us protest _____ the new tax. : Against
8. Poets have compared this world _____ a stage. : to
9. Can you improve _____ these results. : upon
10. I was horrified ____ the sight of so much poverty. : at
11. Shaheen ____ the capable woman. She is always well
dressed, polite and organized. : epitomizes
12. Maybe I will explore the company ____ and see who
above my manager would be willing to listen to new ideas.
: hierarchy
13. My _____ has improved since I have been taking a speech
class. : bourgeoisie
14. My ____ in France was much too short. I had time to only
see a few castles, and I had to hurry through the Louver. :
sojourn
15. The ____ of a rotten tomato gave me a vivid picture of the
man’s face. : metaphor
16. Timid by nature, the doctor, who was alone in the house,
was frightened _____. : at his wits end
17. His approach to work is so ____ that none of his
colleagues considers him dependable. : casual
18. The ____ of going to work five days a week is outdated. :
ritual
19. Their faults are ____ by their masters. : winked at
20. Having had ____ crops for the last two years, the
government is falling short of storage space. : bumper
21. Having been set ____ he is now free to go anywhere he
likes. : at liberty
MATH
22. 3,5,6,15,23,33,____ : 45
23. 212, 179, 146, 113, ____ : 80
24. A grocer has a sale of Rs 6435, Rs 6927, Rs 6855, Rs 7230
and Rs 6562 for 5 consecutive months. How much sale
must he have in the 6th month so that he gets an average
sale of Rs 6500? : 4991
25. Nine persons went to a hotel for taking their meals 8 of
them spent Rs 12 each on their meals and the ninth spent
Rs 8 more than the average expenditure of all the nine.
What was the total money spent by them? : 117
26. The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs 505, the
average monthly income of Q and R is Rs 6250 and the
average monthly income of P is? : 4200
27. Under root of 729, 169 : 27, 13
28. Under square of 2025, 1089 : 45, 33
29. 25 students took an examination and one of them failed.
What % of them passed? : 96%
30. A car washer can wash 8 cars in 18 minutes; he can wash
how many cars in 3 hours? : 80
31. A man standing upside down with his face towards south,
where will his left hand point? : west
32. A boy had twice as many wrong sums as right. If he had 24
sums in all, how many of them are wrong? : 16
33. A father is 5 times as old as his son but after 15 years, he
will be twice as old as his son. How old is the father now? :
40
34. If the average of 5, 6, 7 and W is 10, what is the value of W?
: 22
35. Ali is now twice as old as Ayesha but 6 years age, she was 5
times as old as she was Ali now? : 32
35. 3X = 2: 5-2X, then X =? : 107
36. 14 / 14? : 1
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
37. If 5: 3x-7=20 what is 3x-0 =? : 3
38. 2x=32 what is x2? : 25
39. What is the circumference of the circle whose area is 10π? :
2π10
40. What fractional part of a week is 98 hours? : 716
SCIENCE
41. The phenomenon of bending of light at the surface of
separation of two media is called : Refraction of light
42. Epidemic is a disease that : breaks out over an
extensive area in an infectious manner
43. Acoustics is the science that has everything to do with :
sound
44. Taxidermy is the art of : preserving the skins of
animals
45. The force that pulls a thing outwards i.e. away from the
centre while it is rotating is called the : centrifugal force
46. A man carrying a bucket of water in his left hand leans :
towards his right hand
47. Which among the following statements is true? : plants
grow buy the heat of the sun
48. Decibel is : a measure of sound level
49. The energy generation in stars is due to : fusion of light
nuclei
50. Groundnuts are rich in : B2
51. Respiration is : the obtaining of energy as a result of
chemical changes within the organism
52. Inoculation means injecting into the body : the live
germs of the same disease
53. The science that concerns itself with the physics of upper
atmosphere is : aeronomy
54. Mercury is used in thermometers because it : expands
uniformly
55. What is known to be the first metal discovered by man? :
copper
56. One of the nine planets in the solar system has three rings
around it which, according to experts, are swarms of
particles revolving around the planet. The planet in
question is : Saturn
57. Carbohydrates are obtained from : both C and D i.e.
glucose, cane sugar and rice, potatoes, wheat
58. Lungs are concerned with : respiratory and excretory
system
59. We prefer white clothes in summer because they : reflect
the heat away
60. Topography is the science of : physical features of a
particular area
ISLAMIYAT
61. Whose title is Asad-Ullah? : Ali : R.A
62. Who was born inside the Kaaba? : Ali : R.A
63. Ali : R.A was married to Fatima : R.A on? : 2 Hirjah
64. Africa was conquered in the reign of? : Usman : R.A
65. Hazrat Usman : R.A migrated? : twice
66. Corpse of Usman : R.A remained unburied for? : 3 Days
67. Usman : R.A was younger to the Prophet : S.A.W.S by? : 5
Years
68. Who liberated Bilal : R.A? : Abu Bakar : R.A
69. First to accept Islam among men was? : Abu Bakr : R.A
70. Younas : A.S remained in the belly of the fish for? : 40
Days
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS
47
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
71. Fahmeeda Mirza was elected speaker of the National
Assembly in 2008 on? : 19 March
72. Swat and Chitral joined Pakistan in? : 1969
73. Qadianis were declared non-Muslims in? : 1970
74. Pak-China border treaty was signed in 1963 on? : 3
March
75. Maulana M.Ali Johar was born in? : 1878
76. Area of Pakistan covered by forests is? : 3.5%
77. Indus plain is sub-divided into parts? : two
78. Land between Bias and Ravi is? : Baari Doaab
79. Animal Husbandry University is at? : Lahore
80. Rawat Fort is in? : Punjab
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
81. Columbus was : Italian navigator
82. Which is the biggest fresh water lake in the world? :
Superior
83. Which is the deepest lake in the world? : Baikal
84. Which is the largest lake in Africa? : Victoria
.
FPSC PAPER 2013 FOR INSPECTOR ASF (AIRPORT
SECURITY FORCE)
Inspector ASF(2013)
1.To show the white feather means: to act cowardly
2.To smell a rat means: to suspect a trick
3.To wash one’s dirty linen in public means: to discuss
dirty and scandalous matter of personal
nature in presence of strangers
4.To look down upon means: to scorn at
5.To pull the strings means: to manipulate
6.A red-letter day means: a day memorable for some
joyful event
7.To read between the lines means: to see the writer’s
concealed meaning
8.By next July I shall have been working in this office
for ten years.
9.He was thinking of marrying Nazia when she
discovered he was already married.
10.I don’t like milk so I generally drink tea for breakfast.
11.Where do you spend next Sunday? I may be visiting
you.
12.If I were you, I would not lose temper.
13.She would not have borrowed the necklace if she had
been wiser.
14.We asked the guests what places they would visit next
day.
15.If you went away now, we will miss you.
16.I don’t think I have met him yet.
17.I shall certainly work all next week except when it will
be raining.
18.Let him told to leave the room at once.
19.The manager assured the employees that none of them
will be dismissed.
20.If the driver had been careful, the accident could have
been avoided.
21.Where is the HQ of ILO? Geneva.
22.Silk Air is the airline of: None of the Above
(Singapore).
23.Grozny is the capital of : Chechanya.
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
85. Where is Lake Superior Located? : USA
86. Total number of green lakes of USA and Canada are? :
five
87. Sadiqaen was : Musician
88. Vasco de Gama came to India in? : 1498
89. Napoleon was defeated by : Wellington
90. Amir Khusroo remained in the court of : Alauddin Khilji
91. The Prince is written by : Machiavelli
92. Ain-e-Akbari : Abu-al-Fazl
93. Adventure of Sherlock Holmes : Canon Doyle
94. Farewell to Arms has been written by : Ernest
Hemingway
95. The Lessons of History is a book by : Will and Durent
96. Asylum means : a place for refuge
97. Braille means : system of reading for the blind
98. Détente means : Cessation of strained relations
99. Embargo signifies : ban on entering or leaving ships
100. Junta means : persons who seize power
24.What is the name of Iceland parliament? Althing.
25.Which is called the city of canals: Venice.
26.What is the name of Syrian parliament? People’s
council of Syria
27.Biggest producer of tea: China
28.Russia invaded Afghanistan in: 1979
29.The first muslim nobel laureate was: Anwar Sadaat.
30.People who secretly indulge in anti-national or anti-
government activities and help the enemy are called:
fifth column.
31.Karachi nuclear power plant was built with the
assistance of: Canada
32.Which of the following categories of Nobel prizes was
not created by Swedish scientist? Economics
33.“Philately” is a: science of stamp collection.
34.The term Hung Parliament means: No single party
has a majority in the house.
35.Itar-Tass is the news agency of: Russia
36.The energy of food is measured in: calories.
37.Russia supplies natural gas to European countries
which transit through the state of: Ukraine.
38.The world’s largest subway system is in: Moscow
39.Anemometer is an instrument used for measuring:
Wind speed.
40.The world’s largest no. of newspapers are published
from: India
41.“Fleet Street” London is famous for: offices of
newspapers and news agencies.
42.The only vitamin which can not be stored in human
body is: Vitamin C.
43.Which of the following countries first introduced paper
currency in the world? China
44.The most famous book of 2008 “The Way of the World:
A story of truth and hope in an age of extremism” is
written by: Ron Suskind.
45.“Petra”-the new wonder of the world is located in:
Jordan.
48
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
46.1 metric ton is equal to: 1000kg
47.“Paracel islands” in South China sea are disputed
between China and: Vietnam
48.In which of the following countries 240 years old
monarchy was abolished in 2008? Nepal
49.National income is essentially composed of: income
derived from taxes by the central government.
50.Marco polo was a famous: traveler.
51.The price of sugar increases by 20%. By what percent
must a house wife reduce the consumption of sugar so
that the expenditure on sugar is same as before? 16.66
52.A man starts climbing a hill. Every minute he ascends
20 yards but slips down 5 yards. How long will he take
to ascend a point 80 yards height? 5 minutes
53.In a competitive examination in state A 6% candidates
got selected from total appeared candidates. State B
had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7%
candidates got selected with 80 more candidates got
selected than A. What was the number of candidates
from each state? 8000
54.The price of a car is Rs. 3,25,000. It was insured to 85%
of its price. The car was damaged completely in an
accident and the insurance company paid 90% of the
insurance. What was the difference between the price
of the car and the amount received? Rs. 76,375
55.The sum of the number of boys and girls in a school is
150. If the number of boys is x then the number of girls
becomes x% of the total number of students. The
number of boys is: 60
56.In an examination of n questions a student replied 15
out of the first 20 questions correctly. Of the remaining
questions he answered 1/3 correctly. All the questions
have the same credit. If the student gets 50% marks,
the value of n is: 60
57.The salaries of A and B together amount to Rs. 2000. A
spends 95% of his salary and B 85% of his salary. If
now their savings are the same, what is A’s salary?
1500
58.Five-eighth of three-tenth of four-ninth of a number is
45. What is the number?540
59.Which of the following numbers should be added to
11158 to make it exactly divisible by 77?9
60.On a certain project, the only grades awarded were 80
and 100. If ten students completed the project and the
average of their grades was 91, how many earned
100?2
61.Which of the following is equal to (78-79)10? -0.1
62.A number is “terrific” if it is a multiple of 2 or 3. How
many terrific numbers are there between -11 and 11?
7 88.The first battle of Panipatt was fought between: Babar
63.A batsman has certain average of runs for 16 innings.
In the 17th innings he makes a score of 85 runs thereby
increasing the average by 3. What is the average after
17th innings? 37
64.In Ajmal’s opinion his weight is greater than 65kg but
less than 72 kg. His brother does not agree with Ajmal
and he thinks that Ajmal’s weight is greater than 60 kg
but less than 70 kg. His brother’s view is that his
weight can not be greater than 68 kg. if all of them are
correct in their estimation, what is the average of
different probable weights of Ajmal? 67 kg
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
65.The ratio between the present ages of M and N is 5:3
respectively. The ration between M’s age 4 years ago
and N’s age after 4 years is 1:1. What is the ration
between M’s age after 4 years and N’s age 4 years
ago? 3:1
66.Price of sugar is increased by 25%. The percentage of
consumption to be decreased so that there would be no
increase in expenditure is: 20%
67.A group of students volunteered to finish a construction
work in 25 days. 10 of the students did not come and
the work could be finished in 35 days. The original
number of students in group was? 35
68.A man bought a flat for Rs. 8,20,000. He borrowed 55%
of this money from a bank. How much money did he
borrow from the bank? 4,51,000
69.A primary school had an enrollment of 850 pupils in
January 1970. In januray 1980 the enrollment was
1120. What was the percentage increase for the
enrollment? 31.76%
70.The number whose 7% is 42? 600
71.Rang worm is actually: fungus
72.Blotting paper absorbs ink because: of the action of
capillary.
73.Visible light enery has the wavelength of: 400-700
nanometer
74.Standard pressure is: 760 mm-Hg
75.Calcium and phosphorus are the essential elements of
bones.
76.Cod liver oil contains: vitamin D
77.In human body blood clotting factor is produced by:
platelets.
78.The fat in our blood is digested by the enzyme: lipase
79.Muscle stiffness is caused by the disease: tetanus.
80.Diamond is an allotropic form of: carbon
81.Gen. Ayub Khan worked as PM of Pakistan during 1958.
His tenure as the PM of the country lasted for: 21
days.
82.Zaheer-ud-Din Babur founded the mughal empire in:
1526.
83.The first battle of Tarain took place in: 1191
84.On 24th October, 1958 Gen. Wajid Ali Barki was made:
Health minister.
85.Iskander Mirza handed over all powers to Gen. Ayub
on: 27th October, 1958.
86.Ayub regime announced agrarian reforms on: 24th
Jan, 1959.
87.In order to improve the educational system in Pakistan
Ayub Khan constituted Education Commission on: 30
Dec, 1958.
and Ibrahim Lodhi
89.Sultan Muhammad Ghauri started attack on India in:
1174
90.Dots on Arabic letter was introduced by: Hajjaj B.
Yousaf
91.Abbassids adopted black color for their official dress.
92.Ayub Khan was appointed as Chief Martial Law
Administrator on 7th October 1958. He held the office
till: 8th June, 1962.
93.Abu Muslim Khurasani was murdered in: 755 A.D.
94.Zakariyya Razi was a: physician
49
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
95.Ottoman Sultans were the direct descendants of: 98.Suhail bin Amar signed the treaty of Hudaiba on
Osman behalf of the Quraysh.
96.Mamun-ur-Rashid followed Mutazilla doctrines. 99.Baghdad was conquered and sacked by Halaku Khan
97.Al-Khawarizm was a: mathematician. in: 1258
Talha was a: False prophet.

IMPORTANT MCQS FOR FPSC SENIOR AUDITORS POST 2017

1. Audit of banks is an example 9. Financial auditor is not concerned with propriety of
a) Statutory audit business transactions. However, the exceptions to this
b) Balance sheet audit rule are contained for audit of limited companies in_
c) Concurrent audit a) Section 227 (IA) of the Companies Act, 1956
d) Both (a) and (b) b) Section 227 (IA) and section 227(4A) of the Act
e) All of the above c) CARO, 2003
2. Concurrent audit is a part o d) Section 227 (IA) and CARO, 2003
a) Internal check system 10. Balance Sheet does not include ---
b) Continuous audit a) Verification of assets and liabilities
c) Internal audit system b) Vouching of income and expense accounts related to assets
d) None and liabilities
3. In Pakistan, balance sheet audit is synonymous to c) Examination of adjusting and closing entries
a) Annual audit d) Routine checks
b) Continuous audit 11. Which of the following statements is not correct
c) Detailed audit about materiality?
d) Statutory audit a) Materiality is a relative concept
4. Audit in depth is synonymous for b) Materiality judgments involve both quantitative and
a) Complete audit qualitative judgments
b) Completed audit c) Auditor’s consideration of materiality is influenced by the
c) Final audit auditor’s perception of the needs
d) Detailed audit of an informed decision maker who will rely on the financial
5. Balance sheet audit includes verification of_ statements
a) Assets d) At the planning state, the auditor considers
b) Liabilities materiality at the financial statement level
c) Income and expense accounts where appropriate only
d) All of the above 12.…...the audit risk, the materiality and …the audit
6. Which of the following statements is not true about effort
continuous audit? a) Lower, Higher, Lower
a) It is conducted at regular interval b) Lower, Lower, Higher
b) It may be carried out on daily basis c) Higher, Lower, Lower
c) It is needed when the organization has a good d) Lower, Higher, Higher
internal control system 13. When issuing unqualified opinion, the auditor who
d) It is expensive evaluates the audit findings should be
7. Which of the following is not a fact of EPA? satisfied that the
a) Economic audit a) Amount of known misstatement is documented in working
b) Efficiency audit papers
c) Expenditure audit b) Estimates of the total likely misstatement is less
d) Effectiveness audit than materiality level
8. The Delhi Government had constructed six c) Estimate of the total likely misstatement is more than
bungalows for its ministers. They are lying material y level
unoccupied for last three years. This would be a d) Estimates of the total likely misstatement cannot be made
matter of concern for 14. In determining the level of materiality for an audit,
a) Propriety Auditor what should not be considered?
b) Performance Auditor a) Prior year’s errors
c) Financial Auditor b) The auditor’s remuneration
d) None of the above c) Adjusted interim financial statements
d) Prior year’s financial statements

50
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS
15. Analytical procedures issued in the planning stage
of an audit, general y
a) helps to determine the nature, timing and extent of other
audit procedures
b) directs attention to potential risk areas
c) indicates important aspects of business
d) All of the above
16. Which of the following is the most appropriate
potential reaction of the auditor to his?
assessment that the risk of material misstatement due
to fraud is high in relation to
existence of inventory?
a) visit location on surprise basis to observe test counts
b) request inventory count at a date close to yearend
c) vouch goods sent on approval very careful y
d) perform analytical procedures.
17. which of the following is not likely to be a fraud
risk factor relating to management’s? characteristics
a) Tax evasion
b) failure to correct known weakness in internal control system
c) adoption of conservative accounting principles
d) high management turnover
18. Professional skepticism requires that the auditor
assume that management is
a) reasonably honest
b) neither honest nor dishonest
c) not necessarily honest
d) dishonest unless proved otherwise
19. Which of the following information should a
successor auditor obtain during the inquiry of?
the predecessor auditor before accepting engagement?
i) information about integrity of management
ii) disagreement with management concerning auditing
procedures
ii) review of internal control system.
iv) organization structure
a) (i) and (i) b) (i) and (i i) c) (i), (i) and (i i) d) i) and (i i)
20. The audit engagement letter, general y, should
include a reference to each of the following except
a) limitations of auditing
b) responsibilities of management with respect to audit work
Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
c) expectation of receiving a written management
representation letter.
d) a description of the auditor’s method of sample selection.
21. The use of an audit engagement letter is the best
method of assuring the auditor will have which of the
following?
a) auditor will obtain sufficient appropriate audit
evidence.
b) management representation letter
c) access to all books, accounts and vouchers required for audit
purpose
d) cooperation from other auditors
22. The use of an audit engagement letter is the best
method of documenting
i) the required communication of significant deficiencies in
internal control
ii) significantly higher control risk than that assessed in prior
audit.
ii) objective and scope of auditor’s work
iv) notification of any changes in the original arrangements of
the audit.
a) (i) and (i) b) (i) and (ii) c) i and (iv) d) (i i and (iv)
23. An auditor who accepts an audit but does not
possess the industry expertise of the business entity
should
a) engage experts
b) obtain knowledge of matters that relate to the nature of
entity’s business
c) inform management about it
d) take help of other auditors
24. the least important element in the evaluation of an
audit firm’s system of quality control would relate to
a) assignment of audit assistants
b) system of determining audit fees
c) consultation with experts
d) confidentiality of client’s information
25. the primary purpose of establishing quality
control policies and procedures for deciding on client
evaluation is to
a) ensure adherence to general y accepted auditing standards
51
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
31.31. An Automobile Company hires auditors at the
b) acceptance or retention of clients whose management does year end. Auditors are at the stage of verification
not lack integrity and vouching of company’s financials.
Before examining the equity section they develop
c) ensure audit fees is charged according to the type of audit general aspects concerning the owner’s
work assigned equity. In your opinion which one of the following
aspects may NOT be considered by the auditors
d) all of the above during this assessment?
26. which of the following is not a quality control (a) Share capital is properly classified and described in the
accounts
consideration on accepting a new client? (b) Capital stock is enough to execute the company’s
a) availability of audit assistants with necessary skill and financial needs
(c) Reserves are properly classified and presented
competence. (d) Movements in reserves are properly authorized
b) provision of other services to the client which may impair 32.32. Which one of the following aspects of assets
must be verified?
independence (a) Cost and authorization
c) predecessor auditor’s advice as to whether audit fees were (b) Value and existence
(c) Beneficial investment
paid promptly (d) Presentation in the accounts
d) review of audit work done by one partner by the other 33.Which one of the following may not be any matter
relevant to verification of assets?
27. an auditor obtains knowledge about a new client’s (a) Taxation
business and its industry to (b) Vouching
(c) Insurance
a) make constructive suggestions concerning improvements to (d) The letter of representation
the client’s internal control system 34.Which one of the following may NOT consist of any
verification methods?
b) evaluate the appropriateness of audit evidence obtained (a) Closing balance
c) understand the events and transactions that may have an (b) Acquisitions
(c) Disposals
effect on client’s financial statements. (d) Reconciliation
d) all of the above 35.What auditors seek in the register of non current
assets for each major group of assets?
28. Who should prepare the annual capital (a) Details of each item its cost and residual value
expenditure budgets of the company in order to (b) Details of each item its cost and accumulated depreciation
keep effective? (c) Details of each item its cost and depreciation
(a) Someone directly responsible to the shareholders (d) Details of each item its cost and capital investment
(b) Someone directly responsible for goods delivery to the expected returns
customers 36.How often Inventory levels should be checked
(c) Someone directly responsible to the board of against the inventory records in order to keep its
directors control effectively?
(d) Someone directly responsible to deal with the suppliers (a) Rarely
29.29. Which one of the following matters should be (b) Periodically
included in the letter of representation? (c) Never
(a) Existence of any immaterial mistake in the (d) Daily
statements 37.How often the Bank reconciliations should be
(b) Existence of any fraud or error in the statements prepared?
(c) Company’s growth trend in the future in figures (a) Weekly
(d) Market value of the company stock (b) Monthly
30.30. Non current assets manufactured or (c) Quarterly
constructed by the company itself should reflect (d) Annually
which types of costs in the costing records? 38.Following desc riptions are the examples of
(a) Direct costs plus relevant overhead but not include substantive testing EXCEPT:
any profit (a) Test of account balances to verify the correctness of the
(b) Direct costs plus relevant overhead and any profit earned amounts
on it (b) Verification that an operating system and/or
(c) Indirect costs plus relevant overhead but not include any applications are configured appropriately to the
profit companies needs
(d) Indirect costs plus relevant overhead and any profit (c) Review of minutes of directors; meetings and inquiry
earned on it
52
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
(d) Use of statistical sampling to determine the accuracy of (a) A direct relationship
financial statement figures (b) An inverse relationship
39.The auditors are required to perform tests of (c) No relation
controls when (d) None of the given options
(a) The internal controls are operating inefficiently 48.
(b) Substantive procedures alone provide sufficient 49.Which of the following is needed to be verified at
appropriate audit evidence at the assertion level. the time of verification of Account Balances?
(c) Substantive procedures alone do not provide (a) Look over any significant reconciling items of an unusual
sufficient appropriate audit evidence at the nature
assertion level. (b) Inspect about outstanding stale cheques
(d) Analytical procedures alone do not provide sufficient (c) Acquire direct bank confirmation
appropriate audit evidence at the assertion level. (d) All of the given options
40.Nature of audit procedure’ refers to which 50.Which of the following is not needed to be verified
one of the following desc ription? at the time of verification of Equity?
(a) It refers to the purpose i.e. (tests of controls or (a) Share capital’s classification
substantive procedures) and their type that is (b) Movement in share capital
inspections observation inquiry confirmation (c) Preliminary expenses are properly write off
recalculation re-performances or analytical (d) Movements in reserves
procedures. 51.Which of the following is the component of audit
(b) It refers when audit procedures are to be performed or the risk?
period or date to which the audit evidence applies. (a) Inherent risk
(c) It refers to sample size or number of observations of a (b) Control risk
control activity (quantity of audit evidence). (c) Detection risk
(d) It refers to the nature of testing and their procedures that (d) All of the given options
is designing structuring and compiling work to be done 52.Advantages of Audit Sampling
41.Analytical procedures are carried out for which (a) Economical
one of the following purposes? (b) Time Saving
(a) To reduce detection risk (c) More Practical
(b) To assess inherent risk (d) All of the given options
(c) To reduce control risk 53.Audit sampling conducted
(d) To determine detection risk (a) On selected number of items
42.Test of controls comprise of testing of all EXCEPT (b) On Whole population
(a) Design (c) On specific no of items
(b) Implementation (d) All of the given options
(c) Operating efficiency 54.DBMSes & Databa ses are same things.
(d) Operating effectiveness (a) false
43.Stratification is a process of dividing a population (b) true
into sub- populations which have 55.A company has hired auditors who have performed
(a) Heterogeneous characteristics the audit process in accordance with the auditing
(b) Nothing in common standards but they fail to present its report.
(c) Lot of sampling units According to the Company law 1984 the auditors
(d) Homogeneous characteristics shall be liable for which one of the following
44.The auditor should select sample in such a way liabilities?
that: (a) Criminal liability
(a) All important items should be selected (b) Liability for misfeasance
(b) All items containing misstatement should be selected (c) Liability for negligence
(c) All items in the population are selected (d) Accounting liability
(d) All items in population have an opportunity of 56.A leather goods manufacturing company has
being selected started its operations in year 2001. After five years
45.Where the auditor relies more on the system of of conducting successful business it has become a
internal control the circumstance warrant: listed company recently. Now the company is
(a) He spends more time on audit required to hire its first auditors but neither the
(b) Effectiveness of the audit is affected directors nor the members could appoint the
(c) Efficiency of the audit is affected auditors during the past 4 months since the
(d) Reliability of the results of the tests is affected incorporation of the company. Select among the
46.Sample risk and sample size have following authorities who can appoint the
(a) A direct relationship auditors in this situation? (Companies Ordinance
(b) An inverse relationship 1984)
(c) No relation (a) Company secretary
(d) None of the given options (b) Company registrar
47.Tolerable error and sample size have (c) Commission
53
 Solved Past Papers FPSC PPSC NTS Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017
(d) Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) procedures and processes of each department of
57.Fixation of remuneration of auditors can be the company. The company follows the local and
determined by the following authorities EXCEPT: international laws rules ad regulations and also
(Companies Ordinance 1984) has set standards for the efficiency and
(a) Directors effectiveness. The company shall have to provide
(b) Company secretary the access of all kind of operational information
(c) Commission that will be required to the auditors as audit
(d) Members evidences. Considering the above situation select
58.Internal control is primarily established within a the most suitable type of audit which the company
company to do which of the following? should opt?
(a) To prevent fraud in the company affairs (a) Compliance audit
(b) To provide reasonable assurance that the (b) Operational audit
company's ob jectives will be achieved (c) Technology audit
(c) To catch all errors that may occur in the company (d) Financial audit
(d) To aid in the effective auditing of the company 63.The purpose of engagement letter includes the
59.Which one of the following primary assertions is following [b]EXCEPT[/b]:
satisfied when an auditor ensures that there are (a) To defines the auditor’s responsibilities clearly
no unrecorded assets liabilities transactions or (b) To minimize misunderstandings between the client and
events or undisclosed items in the client’s auditors
financial records? (c) To educate the client
(a) Valuation (d) To help the auditor in preparing audit report
(b) Completeness 64.Which one of the following is the method of
(c) Existence assessing the internal control system of an entity?
(d) Rights and obligations (a) Audit procedures
60.Which of the following statements is true? (b) Audit evidence
(a) The auditing profession is unregulated (c) Compliance audit
(b) The auditing profession is regulated only by its own (d) Technical analysis
professional body 65.Who is responsible for designing and preparing the
(c) Outside bodies sometimes become involved in the financial statements?
regulation of the audit profession (a) Auditor
(d) The auditing profession is regulated only by the (b) Management
government (c) Accountant
61.Which one of the following is considered as the (d) Company secretary
formal opinion or disclaimer thereof issued by an 66.Which one of the following persons are responsible
independent auditor as a result of audit or for the preparation of Audit engagement later?
evaluation performed on a legal entity? (a) Auditor
(a) Financial report (b) Client
(b) Financial statement (c) Company registrar
(c) Director’s report (d) Company secretary
(d) Auditor's report 67.DBMSes & Databa ses are same things.
62.A manufacturing company wants to hire external (a) false
auditors who examine the activities operations (b) true

‫ُاردورپورگامزاورروپرسٹ‬

54
 ‫‪Urdu Programs & Reports‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis June 10, 2017‬‬

‫جزہگ‬
‫‪Pr‬یطسلفاحصیفدبعارلامحنرطمےن‪b‬وجےکرپورگامجزہگ‪1‬ںم‪a‬زمبان‪o‬ملساصیفےسوگتفگےکدورانوعسدیرعب‪1‬ںموہےنوایلرعباالسیماکرفنسنےکوحاےلےسباترکےتوہےئاہکہکرعباممکلوخشبںہہکارماکیےساقلعتت‬
‫احبلوہےئگاوررعبد‪s‬انےکبےل ہیبزیاکرامیب ےہ۔وعسدیرعب‪1‬ںموہےنوایلاکرفنسناکوادحدصقمدتشہرگدیاکاخہمتےہ‪،‬سااحتدویںےکبےلدتشہرگدییکرعتفیفلتخمےہ‪،‬ارماکیےکبےلامحسیھبدتشہرگدےہاور‬
‫ت‬
‫زحباہللیھبےہ‪،‬وعسدیرعبےکبےل ہیرںہنبںہ۔االعنہم‪1‬ںماہکناگےہہکداشعاورابزانےسدتشہرگدیےکاخےماکاہکناگےہ‪،‬اسےکاسھتاسھتداشعےکالخفوپریام‪1‬ںماافتقےہ۔اتممززجتہیاگنرمعید ویفسےناہک‬
‫ہک اوباام ےک دور‪1‬ںمابزان ےسدوری مک یکاجریہیھت اوراسلمع یکاخمتفلیھبتہب یکاجریہ یھت‪،‬ہی ایرطح ےس ویرٹنوہا ےہوعسدی رعب وکاساکرفنسن ےستہب بزیاکرامیب یلم ےہ۔معید ویفس ےن اہکےہہک بااتسکنوعسدی‬
‫رعبےکاسھتےہںنکلابزانوکیھبباراضرںہنرکبااچاتہھوکںہکوہاساکاسمہہیےہ۔رٹماکانہکےہہکامتمد‪s‬انوکدتشہرگدیےکالخفڑھکاوہبااچےئہاورارساسلئایسوتسنیکرطحارماکیےکاسھتڑھکاےہ ہکباوباامےکدور‪1‬ںموہ‬
‫وھتڑازمکوروہااھتادہاففلتخمبںہںنکلوعسدیرعباورارماکیدتشہرگدیےکالخفایاسھتڑھکےبںہ‪،‬رعباممکلیکوبجمرباںاورزمکورباںارںہنایاسھتڑھکےوہےنرپوبجمررکریہبںہ‪،‬ارماکی‪1‬ںمابزانےسوہےنوایلڈلی‬
‫رپوکیئوخیشرںہنیھت۔اتممززجتہیاگنراکرماناخبریےناسوموضعرپباترکےتوہےئاہکہکوسالہیےہہکااکوعسدیرعبےناانپدہفاحلصااکےہباوکیئوٹیپڈراہموہراہےہ‪،‬ےھجموترںہناتگلہکوکیئیدجنسہمسقاکااحتدوہاےہ‪،‬رٹماک‬
‫ت‬
‫ااھچ اابقتسل وہا ۔اس اعمےلم رپ فلگ ےک ادنر ےس وکیئ مزاتمح رںہن وہیگ۔اامرات وکی ےس یسک الخف ورزی یک وتعق رںہن ےہ۔اوامن یھب اخومش رےہ اگ۔رحبنی یھب وعسدی رعب اک ونمہا ےہ‪،‬اس پلھک ‪1‬ںم اچر الھکڑی بںہ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫وہباجراہےہ۔اسرطح‬ ‫ابزان‪،‬بزیک‪،‬ارساسلئاوروعسدیرعب‪،‬ارگآپباوچنںیوکوصتررکبااچےتہبںہوتوہداشعےہ۔ارماکی داشعاکوتاخہمتاچاتہےہ۔ارساسلئیھبرںہن اچاتہہکانڑھبوںےکےتھچ‪1‬ںماہھتڈاےل‪،‬وعسدیرعبزمکور ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫رعبباورالعےق‪1‬ںمدواطلںتقبںہبزیکاورابزانوجدوونںرعبرںہنبںہابرعبد‪s‬انوجےہوہوھکیلھکوہیتاجریہےہ۔ارماکیاچاتہےہہکبزیکاساکسےسبزاس فحوہںنکلارماکیرکدوںوکاامعتسلرکراہےہوجبزیکوکبالکلدنسپرںہن‬
‫ت‬
‫ےہوتارٹسےکجٹوطررپایڑچھکییکپوہیئےہےسج اھجلسبابزالکشمےہاورارماکیےکبےلبزی لکشمےہ۔رعوبںاکادنروینانتشاارداشعوکہگجدےراہےہاورابزاناکوخفیھبےہ۔ایوسالےکوجاب‪1‬ںم اہکہکزحباہللوکابزانیک‬
‫ت‬
‫رطفےسوپسرٹوتلمراہےہںنکلامحسوکیسکرعباممکلےسوپسرٹرںہنلمریہ۔امحسلمکمآزادےہ‪،‬ارمہکییکاینپباہ یلےہاوروہہیےہامحساورزحباہللوکدتشہرگدقزاردےتیبںہ۔وہاتکسےہرعباممکلےکادنراسباہ یل‬
‫ت‬
‫لارعبد‪s‬اناوروعسدی‬ ‫لاہیارمہکیوایلباہ یلےہاوررعبیکاینپباہ یلےہ۔اوہنںےنمزیاہکہکوجالیئ ‪4102‬ءء‪1‬ںموچھٹسناممکل‪1‬ںمایااحتدداشعےکالخفانبباوجایھبیاکرامبرںہنوہاکس ہ‬ ‫ےکاسھتوکیئاافتقرںہنےہ ہ‬
‫لااوہنںےنارمہکیرعباالسکمٹمسوجوہاوہتہببزیاکرامیبےہ۔اوہنںےندتشہرگدیاکباموالاوراسوکمتخرکےناکرطہقیانببارصفرکسعیرںہن‪،‬‬
‫رعبےکادنرہیوصترےہہکنںمہیڈلرکبااچیےہنںمہاالسنئرکباڑپےاگ۔ ہ‬
‫اقثتف‪،‬رکفےکاسھتےہاملعءاکرولیھبےہوج رٹنساقمئااکناگرباض ےکادنر ہیساکوپاٹنئنںمہوانلاچیےہرصفرکسعیواالرںہنےہ۔ااکڈونرٹم رسسیبںہبایثلرکاےن‪1‬ںم باارساسلئاورعنطسلفےکاعمالمتوکرتہبانبےن‪1‬ںم‬
‫ت ت‬
‫ااک ان ےک باس وکیئ لح ےہ‪،‬اسےک وجاب‪1‬ںم معید ویفس ےن اہک ہک ےھجم اتگل ےہ اس وق اموحل ااسی رںہن ےہ رٹم اےنپ آپ وک ای ڈلی کمز ےکوطر رپ دےتھکی بںہ۔یسکیھب سپِ رپدہ اعمالمت‪1‬ںم رعب اممکل یک ارساسلئ ےک اسھت‬
‫وکرپنشیوہیتےہ۔انےکاقلعتتیھببںہ ہیوکیئڈیکھیپھچباترںہنےہ۔ایرطفوہافسریتوطررپعنطسلفےکےئلڑھکےبںہںنکلدورسیرطفوہافمددےتھکیوہےئارساسلئےکاسھتاکمیھبرکےتبںہ۔‪b‬وج ونزےکرپورگامجزہگ‬
‫‪1‬ںم‪o‬ملساصیفےنرباض‪1‬ںموہےنواےلرعباالسکماورویاسیرسبزایہاکرفنسن‪1‬ںموجاالعنہماجریااکناگاسےکوحاےلےسزجتہیدےتیوہےئاہکہکاس‪1‬ںمانےکدرگیادہافےکاسھتاسھتےنتاقمدصاجےینابنےئکےئگوجابزان‬
‫ت‬
‫ےسقلعتمبںہ۔ںنکلرشوع‪1‬ںم ہیبابزدباناگہکاسااحتداکارمہکیےسوکیئقلعترںہنےہ۔‪02‬ونجری ‪4102‬ءءوکروزباہمج‪1‬ںمشاعئوہےنواےلاےنپاکمل‪1‬ںم‪1،‬ںمھکلاکچوہںہکدورسیھتققح ہیےہہکہیااحتداظبہزوعسدیانب‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫رےہبںہںنکل الصرسرپیتسارمہکیرکراہےہ۔وکحمبااتسکناوردرگیربمماممکلےکاسھتوعسدیرعبےنوجطخواتکییکےہاس‪1‬ںمیھبارمرییرکداراکذرکوموجدےہ۔ ییوہجےہہکاوامنںےسجکلماہجںکہعشاورابازیبزیدعتاد‬
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‫‪1‬ںمےتسببںہسجےکابزانےکاسھت زقثییاقلعتتبںہ‪،‬یھباسااحتداکہصحنبےئگبںہ۔ابسجااحتدوکارمہکییکشہہرپانببااجراہوہوجوعسدیرعبیکےاقدت‪1‬ںمنبراہوہاورسج‪1‬ںمرصم‪،‬بزیکاوامنںےسجاممکلیھبشالموہںااکاس‬
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‫‪1‬ںم ومشہتل ےسرامں دمحمونازرشفیذعمرترکتکسبںہ۔رہباحلیلب ےلھت ےسباہزآیئگےہ ارمہکییک رسرپیتس‪1‬ںم اوروعسدی رعبیک ےاقدت‪1‬ںمنپچپےکقز ی االسیم اممکل اکہیااحتدالکشتباناگ ےہ۔اسااحتدےکارغاضواقمدص‬
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‫داشعاوراسس یجوقوتںےسانٹمن‪،‬ابزاناوراسےکزبزابزوقوتںوکقزبرکبااتبباناگےہ۔ابایوسالوجبااتسک ونںےکےئلوشتشیاکباعےہوہ ہیےہہکرنجلرانلحرشفیسجوفجیکےاقدترکےنےئگبںہوج‪42‬ہزارااکلہروںرپ‬
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‫اجبراہہکوہوجوفجالکشتباےئیگاساالسیمااحتدےکاساکابزان باوعسدیرعبےسباہزوکیئرسواکررںہنوہاگںنکلوخدوجرعباالسکمرسبزایہاکرفنسنےکااتتخمرپوجاالعنہماجریااک‬ ‫لمتشموفجوہیگاساکرکدارااکوہاگ‪،‬نںمہ ہیاتببا ا‬
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‫ناگےہاس‪1‬ںماسوفجاکسجیکرانلحرشفیےاقدترکںیےگ‪،‬اساکدہفاوردصقمھچکویںنابنااکناگےہوبقرضورترعاقاورشام‪1‬ںمدتشہرگدگومظنتںاکاقمہلبرکباےہ۔وسالہیےہہکبااتسکنسکدحییلمعوطررپاسااحتداک‬
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‫ہصحےنباگ‪،‬اسااحتدےسوعسدیرعباورارمہکیااکاحلصرکبااچےتہبںہ۔اسےکعنطسلف‪،‬رعبد‪s‬ان‪،‬ابزان‪،‬بااتسکنارمہکیےکاقلعتتاوربااتسکنابزانےکاقلعتترپااکابزاترمیوہںےگ؟‬

‫شیپرتف‬

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