200 Top Electrical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers

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TOP ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Interview
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200 TOP ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING Interview
Engineering Questions
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Posted on August 31, 2017 by engineer 227

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ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview

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ENGINEERING MCQs
1. What is electric traction?
Electric traction means using the electric power for

traction system (i.e. for railways,trams, trolleys etc).
Electric traction means use of the electricity for all the
above machines. Now a days, magnetic traction is also
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used for bullet trains.and basically dc motors are used for

electric traction systems.
2. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v
AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?
It’s possible by means of Electronic chokes,otherwise it’s not
possible to ionize the particles in tube light with normal
voltage.
3. What is “pu” in electrical engineering?

Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in single line
diagram of power distribution and it is like a huge electrical
circuit with no of components (generators, transformers,
loads) with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all
the ratings into common platform we use pu concept in
which, in general largest MVA and KV ratings of the
component is considered as base values, then all other
component ratings will get back into this basis.Those values
are called as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base value).
4. Operation carried out in Thermal power

stations?
The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so
that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the
turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity.
5. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit

and fuse in phase of ac circuit?
Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit
from which various connection are taken for the individual
control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand
high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit
it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the
particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction
happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit
alone will blow off.
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Interview

Questions
6. How tube light circuit is connected and how it

works?
A choke is connected in one end of the tube light and a
starter is in series with the circuit. When supply is provided
,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of AC. Due to the
sudden change of supply the chock will generate around
1000volts . This volt will capable of to break the electrons
inside the tube to make electron flow. once the current
passes through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part.
now there is no change of supply causes choke voltage
normalized and act as minimize the current.
7. whats is MARX CIRCUIT?

It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor
in parallel and discharging them in series.It is used when
voltage required for testing is higher than the available.
8. What is encoder, how it function?

An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a
bitstream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a
number of purposes such as compressing information for
transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies
to the input code, or translating from one code to another.
This is usually done by means of a programmed
algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog
encoding is done with analog
circuitry.
9. What are the advantages of speed control using

thyristor?
Advantages :
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1. Fast Switching Characteristics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT

2. Low cost
3. Higher Accurate.
10. Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an

Electric train during running , We did nt feel any
Shock ? why?
Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of
electricity, The golden rule is Current takes the lowest
resistant path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit
is not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some
repairs is advisable as our footwear is a high resistance path
not much current flows through our body).The electric train
is well insulated from its electrical system.
11. what is the principle of motor?

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an
magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is
called as torque.
12. Why, when birds sit on transmission lines or

current wires doesn’t get shock?
Its true that if birds touch the single one line (phase or
neutral) they don’t get electrical shock… if birds touch 2
lines than the circuit is closed and they get electrical shock..
so if a human touch single one line(phase) then he doesn’t
get shock if he is in the air (not touching – standing on the
ground if he is standing on the ground then touching the
line (phase) he will get a shock because the ground on what
we standing is like line (ground bed – like neutral)? and in
the most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that
means that human who touch the line closes the circuit
between phase and neutral.
13. what is meant by armature reaction?

The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature
reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or
opposes main flux.
14. what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d
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bulb r tube light?

Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to operate such that it
offers high impedance to AC supply. Normally they have low
resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low
resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it
may damage the bulb element.
15. Which motor has high Starting Torque and

Staring current DC motor, Induction motor or
Synchronous motor?
DC Series motor has high starting torque. We can not start
the Induction motor and Synchronous motors on load, but
can not start the DC series motor without load.
16. what is ACSR cable and where we use it?

ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this
conductor is used in transmission & distribution.
17. What is vacuum circuit breaker.define with

cause and where be use it Device?
A breaker is normally used to break a circuit. while breaking
the circuit, the contact terminals will be separated.
At the time of separation an air gap is formed in between the
terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the gap is
ionised and results in the arc. various mediums are used to
quench this arc in respective CB’s. but in VCB the medium is
vacuum gas. since the air in the CB is having vacuum
pressure the arc formation is interrupted. VCB’s can be used
up to kv.
18. What will happen when power factor is leading

in distribution of power?
If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to
one:
1. losses in form of heat will be reduced,

2. cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very
cheap to afford, &
3. it also reduces over heating of transformers.
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19. whats the one main difference between UPS &

inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics
engineering ?
uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time .
means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two
types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and
amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups
start with 2v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith
2v,24,dc to 36v dc and 20amp to 80amp battery with long
time backup.
20. What is 2 phase motor?

A two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding
and the running winding have a phase split.
e.g;ac servo motor.where the auxiliary winding and the
control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.
21. Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives

for EOT cranes?
1. smooth start and stop.

2. no jerking of load.
3. exact positioning
4. better protection for motor.
5. high/low speed selection.
6. reliability of break shoe.
7. programmable break control.
8. easy circutry
9. reduction in controls
10. increases motor life
22. What is the significance of vector grouping in

Power Transformers?
Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its
manufacturer. Fundamentally it tells you the information
about how the windings are connected (delta or wye) and
the phace difference between the current and voltage. EG.
DYN means Delta primary, Wye Secondry and the current is
at o clock reffered to the voltage.
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23. Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan

(ceiling fan, exhaust fan, padestal fan, bracket fan
etc) which are find in the houses ?
Its Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage
rotor and are capacitor start capacitor run.
24. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC

shunt motor?
By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is
connected across the field winding to control the field
current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the
field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature
control method:in this method a rheostat is connected
across armature winding by varying the resistance the value
of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is
directly proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be
controlled.
25. what is the principle of motor?

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an
magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is
called as torque.
26. what is meant by armature reaction?

The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature
reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or
opposes main flux.
27. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC

shunt motor?
By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is
connected across the field winding to control the field
current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the
field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature
control method:in this method a rheostat is connected
across armature wdg.by varying the resistance the value of
resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly
proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.
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28. what is the difference between synchronous

generator & asynchronous generator?
In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and
reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction
generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive
power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in
windmills.
29. What is the Polarization index value ? (pi

value)and simple definition of polarization index ?
Its ratio between insulation resistance(IR)i.e meggar value
for 0min to insulation resistance for min. It ranges from 5-7
for new motors & normally for motor to be in good
condition it should be Greater than .5 .
30. Why syn. generators are used for the

production of electricity?
synchronous machines have capability to work on different
power factor(or say different imaginary power varying the
field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of
electricity.
31. What is the difference between synchronous

generator & asynchronous generator?
In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and
reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction
generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive
power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in
windmills.
32. 1 ton is equal to how many watts?

1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert BTU/hr to
horsepower, 12,000 * 0.000929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton =
4.715*.746 = .5 KW.
33. why syn. generators r used for the production

of electricity?
synchronous machines have capability to work on different
power factor(or say different imaginary pow varying the
field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of
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electricity.
34. Enlist types of dc generator?

D.C.Generators are classified into two types:
1. separatly exicted d.c.generator

2. self exicted d.c.generator,
which is further classified into;1)series 2)shunt and
compound(which is further classified into cumulative
and differential).
35. What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is
important part in Synchronous Generators, it controls
theoutput voltage of the generator by controlling its
excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive
Power of the Generator.
36. What is an exciter and how does it work?

There are two types of exciters, static exciter and rotory
exciter.purpose of excitor is to supply the excitation dc
voltage to the fixed poles of generator.Rotory excitor is an
additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main
generator. if it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotory
poles through slip ring and brushes( conventional
alternator). if it is an ac excitor, out put of ac excitor is
rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc to main fixed
poles.ac excitor is the ac generator whose field winding are
stationary and armature rotates. initial voltage is built up by
residual magnetism.It gives the starting torque to the
generator.
37. Difference between a four point starter and

three point starter?
The shunt connection in four point stater is provided
separately form the line where as in three point stater it is
connected with line which is the drawback in three point
stater
38. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System
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? Why can’t use ACB?

Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc quenching
property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric
strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always vacuum
used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT .
39. What is the difference between surge arrestor

and lightning arrestor?
LA is installed outside and the effect of lightning is
grounded,where as surge arrestor installed inside panels
comprising of resistors which consumes the energy and
nullify the effect of surge.
40. What happens if i connect a capacitor to a

generator load?
Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves
power factor,but it will help depends up on the engine
capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will be
over loaded due to the extra watts consumed due to the
improvement on pf. Secondly, don’t connect a capacitor
across an alternator while it is picking up or without any
other load.
41. Why the capacitors works on ac only?

Generally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc
components(i.e., block the dc components). it allows the ac
components to pass through.
42. Explain the working principal of the circuit

breaker?
Circuit Breaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit.It
has two contacts namely fixed contact & moving
contact.under normal condition the moving contact comes
in contact with fixed contact thereby forming the closed
contact for the flow of current. During abnormal & faulty
conditions(when current exceeds the rated value) an arc is
produced between the fixed & moving contacts & thereby it
forms the open circuitArc is extinguished by the Arc
Quenching media like air, oil, vacuum etc.
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43. How many types of colling system it

transformers?
ONAN (oil natural,air natural)

ONAF (oil natural,air forced)
OFAF (oil forced,air forced)
ODWF (oil direct,water forced)
OFAN (oil forced,air forced)
44. Define What is the function of anti-pumping in

circuit breaker?
when breaker is close at one time by close push button,the
anti pumping contactor prevent re close the breaker by close
push button after if it already close.
45. What is stepper motor.what is its uses?

Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon
input pulse applied to it. it is one type of synchronous motor
which runs in steps in either direction instead of running in
complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.
46. How to calculate capacitor bank value to

maintain unity power factor with some suitable
example?
KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)- TAN(COS(-1)#d) )
#e= EXISTING P.F.
#d= DESIRED P.F.
47. Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t.

?(Company:reliance)
The term C.T means current transformer,and the term P.T
means potential transformer.In circuit where measurements
of high voltage and high current is involved they are used
there.Particularly when a measuring device like voltmeter or
ammeter is not able to measure such high value of quantity
because of large value of torque due to such high value it can
damage the measuring device.so, CT and PT are introduced
in the circuits.
They work on the same principle of transformer, which is
based on linkage of electromagneticflux produced by
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primary with secondary.They work on the ratio to they are

designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 50005A and it has to measure
secondary current of 8000A.then
ANS=8000*55000=8Aand this result will be given to
ammeter .and after measuring 8A we can calculate the
primary current.same is the operation of PT but measuring
voltage.
48. There are a Transformer and an induction

machine. Those two have the same supply. For
which device the load current will be maximum?
And why?
The motor has max load current compare to that of
transformer because the motor consumes real power.. and
the transformer is only producing the working flux and its
not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is
because of core loss so it is minimum.
49. What is power factor? whether it should be

high or low? why?
Power factor should be high in order to get smooth
operation of the system.Low power factor means losses will
be more.it is the ratio of true power to apparent power. it
has to be ideally 1. if it is too low then cable over heating &
equipment overloading will occur. if it is greater than 1 then
load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source and
will cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex: 0.17 to meet actual
power load has to draw
more current(V constant),result in more losses if pf is good
ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load has to draw less
current(V constant),result in less losses).
50. What is the difference between Isolator and

Circuit Breaker?
Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the
downstream circuits from upstream circuits for the reason
of any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is manually
operated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit
breaker. it should not be operated while it is having load.
first the load on it must be made zero and then it can safely
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operated. its specification only rated current is given.But

circuit breaker is
onload automatic device used for breaking the circuit in case
of abnormal conditions like short circuit, overload etc., it is
having three specification 1 is rated current and 2 is short
circuit breaking capacity and 3 is instantaneous tripping
current.
51. what is boucholz relay and the significance of it

in to the transformer?
Boucholz relay is a device which is used for the protection of
transformer from its internal faults, it is a gas based relay.
whenever any internal fault occurs in a transformer, the
boucholz relay at once gives a horn for some time, if the
transformer is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound
itself other wise it trips the circuit by its own tripping
mechanism.
52. What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?

SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this gas is used as arc
quenching medium in a Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB.
53. What is frantic effect?

Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving
end voltage is greater than the sending end voltage.
54. What is meant by insulation voltage in cables?

explain it?
It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the
applied voltage without rupturing it is known as insulation
level of the cable.
55. Why we do 2 types of earthing on transformer

(ie:)body earthing & neutral earthing , what is
function. i am going to install a oo kva transformer
& 380 kva DG set what should the earthing value?
The two types of earthing are Familiar as Equipment
earthing and system earthing. In Equipment earthing:
body ( non conducting part)of the equipment shouldd be
earthed to safegaurd the human beings.system Earthing : In
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this neutral of the supply source ( Transformer or

Generator) should be grounded. With this,in case of
unbalanced loading neutral will not be shifted.so that
unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the
equipment also. With size of the equipment( transformer or
alternator)and selection of relying system earthing will be
further classified into directly earthed,Impedance earthing,
resistive (NGRs) earthing.
56. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB,

Where it can be used?
MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated
and use for short circuit protection in small current rating
circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal
operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and
under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where
normal current is more than 100A.
57. Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in

distribution lines?
Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv
and incomming feeder of 33kv and near power transformers
in sub-stations.
58. Define IDMT relay?

It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In IDMT relay
its operating is inversely proportional and also a
characteristic of minimum time after which this relay
operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will
decrease as the magnitude of fault current increase.
59. What are the transformer losses?

TRANSFORMER LOSSES – Transformer losses have two
sources-copper loss and magnetic loss. Copper losses are
caused by the resistance of the wire (I2R). Magnetic losses
are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core.
Copper loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and
therefore a measurable loss.
Hysteresis loss is constant for a particular voltage and
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current. Eddy-current loss, however, is different for each

frequency passed through the transformer.
60. What is the count of hvdc transmission lines in

India?
Resolution:At present there are three hvdc transmission
lines in india
chandrapur to padghe(mumbai)–(100 MW at ±00 kV

DC)
rehand to delhi (100 MW at ±00 kV DC)
talchal to kolar (200 MW)
61. What is meant by regenerative braking?

Resolution:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor,
it still continue running due to inertia. In order to stop it
quickly we place a load(resitor) across the armature winding
and the motor should have maintained continuous field
supply. so that back e.m.f voltage is made to apply across the
resistor and due to load the motor stops quickly.This type of
breaking is called as “Regenerative Breaking”.
62. Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?

Resolution:In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-IaRa (V
= Terminal voltage,Eb = Back emf in Motor,Ia = Armature
current,Ra = Aramture resistance).At starting, Eb is zero.
Therefore, V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra ,where Ra is very less like
0.01ohm.i.e, Ia will become enormously increased.
63. What are the advantages of star-delta starter

with induction motor?
Resolution:
(1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is
reduction of current during the starting of the
motor.Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times Of current of
Direct online starting.
(2). Hence the starting current is reduced , the voltage drops
during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.
64. Why Delta Star Transformers are used for
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Lighting Loads?
Resolution:For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and
hence the secondary must be star winding. and this lighting
load is always unbalanced in all three phases. To minimize
the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding
in the primary. So delta / star transformer is used for
lighting loads.
65. Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker

and longer than the other pins?
Resolution:It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is
inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if (a) increases, R
decreases & if R is less the leakage current will take low
resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. It is
longer because the The First to make the connection and
Last to disconnnect should be earth Pin. This assures Safety
for the person who uses the electrical instrument.
66. Why series motor cannot be started on

no-load?
Resolution:Series motor cannot be started without load
because of high starting torque. Series motor are used in
Trains, Crane etc.
67. Why ELCB can’t work if N input of ELCB do not

connect to ground?
Resolution:ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once
the phase and neutral are connected in an ELCB, the current
will flow through phase and that much current will have to
return neutral so resultant current is zero. Once there is a
ground fault in the load side, current from phase will
directly pass through earth and it will not return through
neutral through ELCB. That means once side current is
going and not returning and hence
because of this difference in current ELCB wil trip and it will
safe guard the other circuits from faulty loads. If the neutral
is not grounded, fault current will definitely high and that
full fault current will come back through ELCB, and there
will be no difference in current.
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68. How electrical power is generated by an A.C

Generator?
For the generation of elect power we need a prime mover
which supplies mechanical power input to the
alternator, can be steam turbines,or hydro turbines .When
poles of the rotor moves under the armature
conductors which are placed on the stator ,field flux cut the
armature conductor ,therefore voltage is generated
and is of sinusoidal in nature…due to polarity change of
rotor poles(i,e) N-S-N-S.
69. Why an ac solenoid valve attract the plunger

even though we interchanges the terminal? Will the
poles changes?
Yes because the poles changes for every half-cycle of ac
voltage so the polarity of AC voltage is continuously
changing for every half cycle. so, interchanging of terminals
in ac system does not show any difference. That’s why the ac
solenoid attract the plunger even though it’s terminals are
interchanged.
70. What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is

same for all means for drives, motors,and cables.
The current currying of cables will change depending upon
the site temperature (location of site), type of run (it will run
through duct, trench, buried etc.), number of tray, depth of
trench, distance between cables. Considering this condition
actual current currying capacity of cable reduce than current
currying capacity (which given to cable Catalogue) this is
called derating.
71. Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars

and isolators?
Bus bars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow,
that means they carry heavy currents which rises their
temperature. so it is necessary to test this devices for
temperature rise.
72. When voltage increases then current also

increases then what is the need of over voltage
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relay and over current relay? Can we measure over

voltage and over current by measuring current
only?
No.We can’t sense the over voltage by just measuring the
current only because the current increases not only for over
voltages but also for under voltage(As most of the loads are
non-linear in nature).So,the over voltage protection & over
current protection are completely different. Over voltage
relay meant for sensing over voltages & protect the system
from insulation break down and firing. Over current relay
meant for sensing any
internal short circuit, over load condition ,earth fault
thereby reducing the system failure & risk of fire.So, for a
better protection of the system.It should have both over
voltage & over current relay.
73. If one lamp connects between two phases it will

glow or not?
If the voltage between the two phase is equal to the lamp
voltage then the lamp will glow. When the voltage difference
is big it will damage the lamp and when the difference is
smaller the lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.
74. How do you select a cable size (Cu & Al) for a
particular load?
At first calculate the electrical current of the load, after that
derate the electrical current considering derating
factor(depending on site condition and laying of cable) after
choose the cable size from cable catalog considering
derating electrical current.After that measure the length of
cable required from supply point of load to load poin.
Calculate the voltage drop which will max 3% (resistance
and reactance of cable found from
cable catalog of selecting cable) if voltage drop>3% then
choose next higher size of cable.
75. What are HRC fuses and where it is used?

HRC stand for “high rupturing capacity” fuse and it is used
in distribution system for electrical transformers.
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76. Which power plant has high load factor?

All base load power plants have a high load factor. If we use
high efficiency power plants to supply the base load,we can
reduce the cost of generation.Hydel power plants have a
higher efficiency than thermal & nuclear power plants.
77. Mention the methods for starting an induction

motor?
The different methods of starting an induction motor
DOL:direct online starter

Star delta starter
Auto transformer starter
Resistance starter
Series reactor starter
78. What is the difference between earth resistance

and earth electrode resistance?
Only one of the terminals is evident in the earth resistance.
In order to find the second terminal we should recourse to
its definition: Earth Resistance is the resistance existing
between the electrically accessible part of a buried electrode
and another point of the earth, which is far away. The
resistance of the electrode has the following components:
(A) the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to
it.
(B) the contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the
electrode.
79. Explain What is use of lockout relay in ht

voltage?
A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the
e-stop switch so the power can be shut off at one central
location. This relay is powered by the same electrical source
as the control power and is operated by a key lock switch.
The relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within the
unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple
machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch.
80. What is the power factor of an alternator at no
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load?
At no load Synchronous Impedance of the alternator is
responsible for creating angle difference. So it should be
zero lagging like inductor.
81. Explain How to determine capacitor tolerance

codes?
Resolution:In electronic circuits, the capacitor tolerance can
be determined by a code that appears on the casing. The
code is a letter that often follows a three-digit number (such
as 130Z).The first two are the 1st and 2nd significant digits
and the third is a multiplier code. Most of the time the last
digit tells you how many zeros to write after the first two
digits and these are read as Pico-Farads.
82. Why most of analog o/p devices having o/p

range 4 to 20 mA and not 0 to 20 mA?
Resolution:4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate
measured values for any process. The reason that 4ma is
chosen instead of 0 mA is for fail safe operation .For
example- a pressure instrument gives output 4mA to
indicate 0 psi, up to 20 mA to indicate 100 psi, or full scale.
Due to any problem in instrument (i.e) broken wire, its
output reduces to 0 mA. So if range is 0-20 mA then we can
differentiate whether it is due to broken
wire or due to 0 psi.
83. Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively

connected in series across a 230v supply which
bulb will glow bright and why?
Resolution:Since two bulbs are in series they will get equal
amount of electrical current but as the supply voltage is
constant across the bulb(P=V^2/R).So the resistance of
40W bulb is greater and voltage across 40W is more (V=IR)
so 40W bulb will glow brighter.
84. What is meant by knee point voltage?

Resolution:Knee point voltage is calculated for electrical
Current transformers and is very important factor to choose
a CT. It is the voltage at which a CT gets saturated.
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(CT-current transformer).
85. What is reverse power relay?

Resolution:Reverse Power flow relay are used in generating
stations’s protection. A generating stations is supposed to
fed power to the grid and in case generating units are
off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may take
power from grid. To stop the flow of power from grid to
generator we use reverse power relay.
86. What will happen if DC supply is given on the

primary of a transformer?
Resolution:Mainly transformer has high inductance and low
resistance.In case of DC supply there is no inductance ,only
resistance will act in the –> electrical circuit. So high
electrical current will flow through primary side of the
transformer.So for this reason coil and insulation will burn
out.
87. What is the difference between isolators and

–>electrical circuit breakers? What is bus-bar?
Resolution:Isolators are mainly for switching purpose under
normal conditions but they cannot operate in fault
conditions .Actually they used for isolating the CBs for
maintenance. Whereas CB gets activated under fault
conditions according to the fault detected.Bus bar is nothing
but a junction where the power is getting distributed for
independent loads.
88. What are the advantage of free wheeling diode

in a Full Wave rectifier?
Resolution:It reduces the harmonics and it also reduces
sparking and arching across the mechanical switch so that it
reduces the voltage spike seen in a inductive load
89. What is the function of interposing current

transformer?
Resolution:The main function of an interposing current
transformer is to balance the currents supplied to the relay
where there would otherwise be an imbalance due to the
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ratios of the main current transformers.

Interposing current transformer are equipped with a wide
range of taps that can be selected by the user to achieve the
balance required.
90. What are Motor Generator Sets and explain the

different ways the motor generator set can be used
?
Resolution:Motor Generator Sets are a combination of an
electrical generator and an engine mounted together to form
a single piece of equipment. Motor generator set is also
referred to as a genset, or more commonly, a generator.
The motor generator set can used in the following different
ways:
Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)

DC to AC
DC at one voltage to DC at another voltage
AC at one frequency to AC at another harmonically-
related frequency
91. Define what is power quality meter ?

Power Quality meters are common in many industrial
environment. Small units are now available for home use as
well. They give operators the ability to monitor the both
perturbations on the power supply, as well as power used
within a building, or by a single machine or appliance. In
some situations, equipment function and operation is
monitored and controlled from a remote location where
communication is via modem, or highspeed
communication lines.So we can understand the importance
of power measurement through power quality meters.
92. What is the different between digital phase

converter and ordinary phase converter?
Digital phase converter are a recent development in phase
converter technology that utilizes proprietary software in a
powerful microprocessor to control solid state power
switching components. This microprocessor, called a digital
signal processor (DSP), monitors the phase conversion
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process, continually adjusting the input and output modules

of the converter to maintain perfectly balanced three-phase
power under all load conditions.
93. Explain the operation of variable frequency

transformer?
A variable frequency transformer is used to transmit
electricity between two asynchronous alternating current
domains. A variable frequency transformer is a doubly-fed
electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric
generator with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip
rings to one external ac power circuit.
A direct-current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft.
Changing the direction of torque applied to the shaft
changes the direction of power flow; with no applied torque,
the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency between
the networks connected to the rotor and stator.The variable
frequency transformer behaves as a continuously adjustable
phase-shifting transformer. It allows control of the power
flow between two
networks .
94. What is the main use of rotary phase converter

?
Rotary phase converter will be converting single phase
power into true balanced 3 phase power,so it is often called
as single phase to three phase converter . Often the
advantages of 3 phase motors, and other 3 phase
equipment, make it worthwhile to convert single phase to 3
phase so that small and large consumers need not want to
pay for the extra cost of a 3 phase service but may still wish
to use 3 phase equipment.
95. Use of switch mode power converter in

real-time basis?
Switch mode power converter can be used in the following 5
different ways
1. step down an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a

regulated dc output voltage using a circuit known as
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Buck Converter or Step-Down SMPS,

2. step up an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a
regulated dc output voltage using a circuit known as
Boost Converter or Step-Up SMPS,
3. step up or step down an unregulated dc input voltage
to produce a regulated dc output voltage,
4. invert the input dc voltage using usually a circuit such
as the Cuk converter, and
5. produce multiple dc outputs using a circuit such as the
fly-back converter.
96. Which type of oil is used as a transformer oil?

Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is usually a highly-refined
mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has
excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil
filled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors,
fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of high voltage
switches and circuit breakers. Its functions are to insulate,
suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.
Well into the 170s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s were
often used as a dielectric fluid since they are not flammable.
They are toxic, and under incomplete combustion, can form
highly toxic products such as furan.
Starting in the early 170s, concerns about the toxicity of
PCBs have led to their banning in many countries.
Today, non-toxic, stable silicon-based or fluoridated
hydrocarbons are used, where the added expense of a
fireresistant liquid offsets additional building cost for a
transformer vault. Combustion-resistant vegetable oil-based
dielectric coolants and synthetic pentaerythritol tetra fatty
acid (C7, C8) esters are also becoming increasingly common
as alternatives to naphthenic mineral oil. Esters are
non-toxic to aquatic life, readily biodegradable, and have a
lower volatility and higher flash points than mineral oil.
97. If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125

MVA step up transformer, then what will be the
Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?
As we know the Voltage & current relation for
transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1
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We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps.

By putting these value on Relation-
540/11000= I2/2334
So,I2 = 114.5 Amps
98. what are the points to be consider for

MCB(miniature circuit breaker selection?
I(L)*1.25=I(MAX) maximum current. Mcb specification are
done on maximum current flow in circuit.
99. What is the full form of KVAR?

We know there are three types of power in Electrical as
Active, apparent & reactive. So KVAR is stand for “Kilo
Volt Amps with Reactive component.
100. What is excitation?

Excitation is applying an external voltage to DC shunt coil in
DC motors.
ELECTRICAL Interview Questions ::

101. In three pin plug 6 Amp. 220v AC rating. why
earth pin diameter is higher than other two pin?
what its purpose ?
Because Current flow in the conductor is inversely
proportional to the conductor diameter. So if any short
circuits occur in the system first high currents bypassed in
the Earthling terminal.( R=Pl/a area of the conductor
increases resistance value decreases)
102. Difference between megger test equipment

and contact resistance meter test instruments?
Megger test equipment used to measure cable electric
resistance, conductor continuity, phase identification where
as contact resistance meter test instruments used to
measure low resistance like relays ,contactors.
103. When we connect the large capacitor bank in

series ?
we connect large capacitor bank in series to improve the
voltage power supply at the load end in balanced
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transmission line when there is considerable voltage drop

along the balanced transmission line due to high impedance
of the line.So in order to bring the voltage at the load
terminals within its limits (i.e (+ or – %6 )of the rated high
terminal voltage )the large capacitor bank is used in series.
104. What is electrical diversity factor in electrical

installations?
Electrical diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the
individual maximum demands of the various subdivisions of
a system, or part of a system, to the maximum demand of
the whole system, or part of the system, under
consideration. Electrical diversity factor is usually more
than one.
105. Why field rheostat is kept in minimum

position while armature rheostat at maximum
position?
In motors at the time of starting the armature resistance is
introduced to reduce the high starting current and the field
resistance is kept minimum to have high starting torque.
106. Why computer humming sound occurred in

HT transmission line?
This computer humming sound is coming due to ionization
(breakdown of air into charged particles) of air around
transmission conductor. This effect is called as Corona
effect, and it is considered as power loss.
107. Explain What is rated speed?

At the time of motor taking normal current (rated
current)the speed of the motor is called rated speed. It is a
speed at which any system take small current and give
maximum efficiency.
108. What is different between resistance

grounding system and resistance earthing system?
Resistance grounding system means connecting the neutral
point of the load to the ground to carry the residual current
in case of unbalanced conditions through the neutral to the
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ground whereas resistance earthing system is done in an

electric equipment in order to protect he equipment in
occurrence of fault in the system.
109. Why should be the frequency 50 Hz 60Hz only

why not others like 45, 95 56 or anything , why
should we maintain the frequency constant if so
why it is only 50 Hz 60Hz?
We can have the frequency at any frequency you like, but
than you must also make your own motors,high voltage
transformers or any other equipment you want to use.We
maintain the frequency at 50hz or 60hz because the world
maintains a standard at 50 /60hz and the equipments are
are made to operate at these frequency.
110. How to determine alternating current

frequency?
Zero crossings of the sine wave to trigger a monostable
(pulse generator) is a way to determine alternating current
frequency. A fixed width pulse is generated for each cycle.
Thus there are “n” pulses per second, each with with a
constant energy. The more pulses there are per second, the
more the energy. The pulses are integrated (filtered or
averaged) to get a steady DC voltage which is proportional
to frequency. This voltage can then be displayed on an
analogue or digital voltmeter, indicating frequency. This
method is more suitable than a direct counter, as it can get
good accuracy in a second or so.
111. Why electricity in India is in the multiples of 11

like 11kv, 22kv, 33kv ?
Transformer Induced voltage equation contains 4.44 factor.
E=4.44*f*T*phi
E -Induced emf per phase
T -number of turns
f -frequency
phi -maximum flux per pole
From the equation we see that E is proportional to 4.4 and it
is in turn multiple of 11.
So always transmission voltage is multiple of 11
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112. Why we use ac system in India why not dc ?

Firstly, the output of power stations comes from a rotary
turbine, which by it’s nature is AC and therefore requires no
power electronics to convert to DC. Secondly it is much
easier to change the voltage of AC electricity for
transmission and distribution. thirdly the cost of plant
associated with AC transmission (circuit breakers,
transformers etc) is much lower than the equivilant of DC
transmission AC transmission provides a number of
technical advantages. When a fault on the network occurs, a
large fault current occurs. In an AC system this becomes
much easier to interupt, as the sine wave current will
naturally tend to zero at some point making the current
easier to interrupt.
113. Which type of motor is used in trains, what is

the rating of supply used explain Working
principal?
Dc series is in the trains to get high starting torque while
starting of the trains and operating voltage is 1500v dc.
114. Battery banks are in connected in series or

parallel and why?
Battery banks are always connected in series in order to get
a multiplied voltage where the AH or current capacity
remaining same. Ex : 24 nos. 2V,200Ah batteries connected
in series will give 48V,200Ah output (AH = Ampere hours)
115. What is inrush current?

Inrush current is the current drawn by a piece of electrically
operated equipment when power is first applied. It can
occur with AC or DC powered equipment, and can happen
even with low supply voltages.
116. In a Tap changing transformer where is the tap

connected, is it connected in the primary side or
secondary side?
Tapings are connected to high voltage winding side, because
of low current. If we connect tapings to low voltage side,
sparks will produce while tap changing operation due to
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high current.
117. Why transformer ratings are in kva?

Since the power factor of transformer is dependent on load
we only define VA rating and does not include power factor
.In case of motors, power factor depend on construction and
hence rating of motors is in KWatts and include power
factor.
118. Define what is difference between fuse and

breaker?
Fuses are burned at the time of over current flows in the
circuit but breakers are just open(not burn) at the time of
over current flow. Fuses are used in only one time but
breakers are used by multiple number of times.
119. What is the difference between delta-delta,

delta-star transformer?
Delta-delta transformer is used at generating station or a
receiving station for Change of Voltage (i,e) generally it is
used where the Voltage is high & Current is low.Delta-star is
a distribution kind of transformer where from secondary
star neutral is taken as a return path and this configuration
is used for Step down voltage phenomena.
120. Capacitor is load free component but why

ampere meter shows current when capacitor bank
breaker close?
As we know that Electrical is having two type of load, Active
and Reactive .Capacitor is a reactive load which is not
considering as a load,& its factor is Isin@ .Meter is design
based on Current RMS value because of it meter is showing
the current RMS value.
121. What’s electric traction?

Traction implies with the electric power for traction system
i. e. for railways, trams, trolleys etc. electric traction implies
use of the electricity for all these. Now a day, magnetic
traction is also utilised for bullet trains. Essentially dc
motors are utilized for electric traction systems.
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122. What is “pu” in EE?

Pu stands for per unit in power system. (pu = actual value/
base value)
123. Define stepper motor. What is the use of

stepper motor?
The motor which work or act on the applied input pulse in
it, is called as stepper motor.This stepper motor is under the
category of synchronous motor, which often does not fully
depend of complete cycle. It likes to works in either
direction related to steps. for this purpose it mainly used in
automation parts.
124. What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain

CMRR.
Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to
amplify the voltage difference between two input-lines
neither of which is grounded, is called differential amplifier.
This reduces the amount of noise which is injected into the
amplifier, because any noise appearing simultaneously on
both the input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it
being a common mode signal.
CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential
voltage-gain to common made voltage gain. If a differential
amplifier is perfect, CMRR will be infinite because in that
case common mode voltage gain would be zero.
125. What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage?

A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the
e-stop switch so the power can be shut off at one central
location. This relay is powered by the same electrical source
as the control power which is operated by a key lock switch.
The relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within the
unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple
machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch.
126. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with
230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?
It’s possible with Electronic choke. otherwise it’s not
possible to ionize the particles in tube. light, with normal
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voltage.
127. What types domain of Laplace transforms?

What behavior can Laplace transform predict how
the system work?
Types domain of Laplace transforms is s-domain, Laplace
transforms provide a method to find position, acceleration
or voltage the system will have.
128. In the magnetic fluxes, what is the role of

armature reaction?
The armature flux has an important role for the running
condition. This armature flux can oppose the main flux or it
may support the main flux for better running condition.
This effect of supporting and opposing of main flux to
armature flux is called armature reaction.
129. Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound

resistors
Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of
resistive material is deposited on an insulating substrate.
Desired results are obtained by either trimming the layer
thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch
along its length. During this process, the value of the
resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is
stopped as soon as the desired value of resistance is
obtained.
Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an
insulating cylindrical core are known as wire wound
resistors. These wires are made of materials such as
Constantan and Manganin because of their high resistivity,
and low temperature coefficients. The complete wire wound
resistor is coated with an insulating material such as baked
enamel
130. whats the one main difference between UPS &

inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics
engineering ?
uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time .
means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two
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types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and
amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups
start with v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith v,24,dc
to 36v dc and 0amp to 180amp battery with long time
backup.
131. What are the operation carried out in Thermal

power station?
The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so
that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the
turbine, the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity
132. What is the difference between Electronic

regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans?
The difference between the electronic and ordinary
regulator is the fact that in electronic reg. power losses tend
to be less because as we minimize the speed the electronic
reg. give the power necessary for that particular speed but in
case of ordinary rheostat type reg. the power wastage is
same for every speed and no power is saved. In electronic
regulator triac is employed for speed control. by varying the
firing angle speed is controlled but in rheostatic control
resistance is decreased by steps to achievespeed control.
133. What is 2 phase motor?

A two phase motor is often a motor with the the starting
winding and the running winding have a phase split.
e.g; ac servo motor. where the auxiliary winding and the
control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.
134. What does quality factor depend on in

resonance?
Quality factor q depends on frequency and bandwidth.
135. What are the types of power in electrical

power?
There are normally three types of power are counted in
electrical power. They are,
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1. Apparent power
2. Active power
3. Reactive power
136. What are the advantages of VSCF wind

electrical system?
Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are:
No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed.

Aero turbine always keeps going at maximum efficiency
point.
Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed –
duration curve can be extracted
Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which are
associated with constant – speed operation.
137. What is slip in an induction motor?

Slip can be defined as the distinction between the flux speed
(Ns) and the rotor speed (N). Speed of the rotor of
an induction motor is always less than its synchronous
speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of
synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’.
138. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit

and fuse in phase of ac circuit?
Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit
from which various connection are taken for the individual
control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand
high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit
it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the
particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction
happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit
alone will blow off.
139. State the difference between generator and

alternator?
Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both have the
same principle of electromagnetic induction, the only
difference is that their construction. Generator persists
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stationary magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls

on the armature with slip rings and brushes riding against
each other, hence it converts the induced emf into dc
current for external load whereas an alternator has a
stationary armature and rotating magnetic field for high
voltages but for low voltage output rotating armature and
stationary magnetic field is used.
140. What is ACSR cable and where we use it?

ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this
conductor is used in transmission & distribution.
141. Why star delta starter is preferred with

induction motor?
Star delta starter is preferred with induction motor due to
following reasons:
Starting current is reduced 3-4 times of the direct current

due to which voltage drops and hence it causes less losses.
Star delta starter circuit comes in circuit first during
starting of motor, which reduces voltage 3 times, that is
why current also reduces up to 3 times and hence less
motor burning is caused.
In addition, starting torque is increased and it prevents
the damage of motor winding.
142. State the difference between generator and

alternator
Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both have the
same principle of electromagnetic induction, the only
difference is that their construction. Generator persists
stationary magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls
on the armature with slip rings and brushes riding against
each other, hence it converts the induced emf into dc
current for external load whereas an alternator has a
stationary armature and rotating magnetic field for high
voltages but for low voltage output rotating armature and
stationary magnetic field is used.
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143. Why AC systems are preferred over DC

systems?
Due to following reasons, AC systems are preferred over DC
systems:
a. It is easy to maintain and change the voltage of AC
electricity for transmission and distribution.
b. Plant cost for AC transmission (circuit breakers,
transformers etc) is much lower than the equivalent DC
transmission
c. From power stations, AC is produced so it is better to use
AC then DC instead of converting it.
d. When a large fault occurs in a network, it is easier to
interrupt in an AC system, as the sine wave current will
naturally tend to zero at some point making the current
easier to interrupt.
144. How can you relate power engineering with

electrical engineering?
Power engineering is a sub division of electrical engineering.
It deals with generation, transmission and distribution of
energy in electrical form. Design of all power equipments
also comes under power engineering. Power engineers may
work on the design and maintenance of the power grid i.e.
called on grid systems and they might work on off grid
systems that are not connected to the system.
145. What are the various kind of cables used for

transmission?
Cables, which are used for transmitting power, can be
categorized in three forms:
1. Low-tension cables, which can transmit voltage upto

1000 volts.
2. High-tension cables can transmit voltage upto 23000
volts.
3. Super tension cables can transmit voltage 66 kV to 132
kV.
146. Why back emf used for a dc motor? highlight

its significance.
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The induced emf developed when the rotating conductors of

the armature between the poles of magnet, in a DC motor,
cut the magnetic flux, opposes the current flowing through
the conductor, when the armature rotates, is called back
emf. Its value depends upon the speed of rotation of the
armature conductors. In starting, the value of back emf is
zero.
147. What is slip in an induction motor?

Slip can be defined as the difference between the flux speed
(Ns) and the rotor speed (N). Speed of the rotor of an
induction motor is always less than its synchronous speed.
It is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed
(Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’.
148. Explain the application of storage batteries.

Storage batteries are used for various purposes, some of the
applications are mentioned below:
For the operation of protective devices and for emergency

lighting at generating stations and substations.
For starting, ignition and lighting of automobiles,
aircrafts etc.
For lighting on steam and diesel railways trains.
As a supply power source in telephone exchange,
laboratories and broad casting stations.
For emergency lighting at hospitals, banks, rural areas
where electricity supplies are not possible.
149. Explain advantages of storage batteries

Few advantages of storage batteries are mentioned below:
1. Most efficient form of storing energy portably.

2. Stored energy is available immediately because there is
no lag of time for delivering the stored energy.
3. Reliable source for supply of energy.
4. The energy can be drawn at a fairly constant rate.
160. What are the different methods for the

starting of a synchronous motor.
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Starting methods: Synchronous motor can be started by the

following two methods:
By means of an auxiliary motor: The rotor of a

synchronous motor is rotated by auxiliary motor. Then
rotor poles are excited due to which the rotor field is
locked with the stator-revolving field and continuous
rotation is obtained.
By providing damper winding: Here, bar conductors are
embedded in the outer periphery of the rotor poles and
are short-circuited with the short-circuiting rings at both
sides. The machine is started as a squirrel cage induction
motor first. When it picks up speed, excitation is given to
the rotor and the rotor starts rotating continuously as the
rotor field is locked with stator revolving field.
161. Name the types of motors used in vacuum

cleaners, phonographic appliances, vending
machines,refrigerators, rolling mills, lathes, power
factor improvement and cranes.
Following motors are used: –
Vacuum cleaners- Universal motor.

Phonographic appliances – Hysteresis motor.
Vending machines – Shaded pole motor.
Refrigerators – Capacitor split phase motors.
Rolling mills – Cumulative motors.
Lathes – DC shunt motors.
Power factor improvement – Synchronous motors.
162. State Thevenin’s Theorem:

According to thevenin’s theorem, the current flowing
through a load resistance Connected across any two
terminals of a linear active bilateral network is the ratio
open circuit voltage (i.e. the voltage across the two terminals
when RL is removed) and sum of load resistance and
internal resistance of the network. It is given by Voc / (Ri +
RL).
163. State Norton’s Theorem
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The Norton’s theorem explains the fact that there are two
terminals and they are as follows:
1. One is terminal active network containing voltage

sources
2. Another is the resistance that is viewed from the output
terminals. The output terminals are equivalent to the
constant source of current and it allows giving the
parallel resistance.
3. The Norton’s theorem also explains about the constant
current that is equal to the current of the short circuit
placed across the terminals. The parallel resistance of
the network can be viewed from the open circuit
terminals when all the voltage and current sources are
removed and replaced by the internal resistance.
164. State Maximum power transfer theorem

The Maximum power transfer theorem explains about the
load that a resistance will extract from the network.
This includes the maximum power from the network and in
this case the load resistance is being is equal to the
resistance of the network and it also allows the resistance to
be equal to the resistance of the network. This resistance can
be viewed by the output terminals and the energy sources
can be removed by leaving the internal resistance behind.
165. Explain different losses in a transformer.

There are two types of losses occurring in transformer:
Constant losses or Iron losses: The losses that occur in

the core are known as core losses or iron losses.
Two types of iron losses are:
1. eddy current loss
2. Hysteresis loss.
These losses depend upon the supply voltage, frequency,
core material and its construction. As long as supply
voltage and frequency is constant, these losses remain the
same whether the transformer is loaded or not. These are
also known as constant losses.
Variable losses or copper losses: when the transformer is
38 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
loaded, current flows in primary and secondary windings,

there is loss of electrical energy due to the resistance of
the primary winding, and secondary winding and they are
called variable losses. These losses depend upon the
loading conditions of the transformers.
Therefore, these losses are also called as variable losses.
176. Explain different types of D.C motors? Give

their applications
Different type of DC motors and their applications are as
follows:-
Shunt motors: It has a constant speed though its

starting torque is not very high. Therefore, it is suitable
for constant speed drive, where high starting torque is not
required such as pumps, blowers, fan, lathe machines,
tools, belt or chain conveyor etc.
Service motors: It has high starting torque & its speed
is inversely proportional to the loading conditions i.e.
when lightly loaded, the speed is high and when heavily
loaded, it is low. Therefore, motor is used in lifts, cranes,
traction work, coal loader and coal cutter in coalmines
etc.
Compound motors: It also has high starting torque
and variable speed. Its advantage is, it can run at NIL
loads without any danger. This motor will therefore find
its application in loads having high inertia load or
requiring high intermittent torque such as elevators,
conveyor, rolling mill, planes, presses, shears and
punches, coal cutter and winding machines etc.
177. Explain the process of commutation in a dc

machine. Explain what are inter-poles and why
they are required in a dc machine.
Commutation: It is phenomenon when an armature coil
moves under the influence of one pole- pair; it carries
constant current in one direction. As the coil moves into the
influence of the next pole- pair, the current in it must
reverse. This reversal of current in a coil is called
commutation. Several coils undergo commutation
39 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
simultaneously. The reversal of current is opposed by the

static coil emf and therefore must be aided in some
fashion for smooth current reversal, which otherwise would
result in sparking at the brushes.
The aiding emf is dynamically induced into the coils

undergoing commutation by means of compoles or
interpoles, which are series excited by the armature current.
These are located in the interpolar region of the main poles
and therefore influence the armature coils only when these
undergo commutation.
178. Comment on the working principle of

operation of a single-phase transformer.
Working principle of operation of a single-phase
transformer can be explained as An AC supply passes
through the primary winding, a current will start flowing in
the primary winding. As a result, the flux is set. This flux is
linked with primary and secondary windings. Hence, voltage
is induced in both the windings. Now, when the load is
connected to the secondary side, the current will start
flowing in the load in the secondary winding, resulting in
the flow of additional current in the secondary winding.
Hence, according to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic
induction, emf will be induced in both the windings. The
voltage induced in the primary winding is due to its self
inductance and known as self induced emf and
according to Lenze’s law it will oppose the cause i.e. supply
voltage hence called as back emf. The voltage induced in
secondary coil is known as mutually induced voltage. Hence,
transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction.
179. Define the following terms:-

• Reliability,
• Maximum demand,
• Reserve-generating capacity,
• Availability (operational).
Reliability: It is the capacity of the power system to serve all
power demands without failure over long periods.
40 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
Maximum Demand: It is maximum load demand required

in a power station during a given period.
Reserve generating capacity: Extra generation capacity
installed to meet the need of scheduled downtimes for
preventive maintenance is called reserve-generating
capacity.
Availability: As the percentage of the time a unit is available
to produce power whether needed by the system or not.
180. Mention the disadvantages of low power

factor? How can it be improved?
Disadvantages of low power factor:
Line losses are 1.57 times unity power factor.

Larger generators and transformers are required.
Low lagging power factor causes a large voltage drop,
hence extra regulation equipment is required to keep
voltage drop within prescribed limits.
Greater conductor size: To transmit or distribute a fixed
amount of power at fixed voltage, the conductors will
have to carry more current at low power factor. This
requires a large conductor size.
181. State the methods of improving power factor?

Methods of improving power factor:
1. By connecting static capacitors in parallel with the load

operating at lagging power factor.
2. A synchronous motor takes a leading current when
over excited and therefore behaves like a capacitor.
3. By using phase advancers to improve the power factor
of induction motors. It provides exciting ampere turns
to the rotor circuit of the motor. By providing more
ampere-turns than required, the induction motor can
be made to operate on leading power factor like an
overexcited synchronous motor.
182. State the factors, for the choice of electrical

system for an aero turbine.
The choice of electrical system for an aero turbine is guided
41 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
by three factors:
Type of electrical output: dc, variable- frequency ac, and

constant- frequency ac.
Aero turbine rotational speed: constant speed with
variable blade pitch, nearly constant speed with simpler
pitch- changing mechanism or variable speed with fixed
pitch blades.
Utilization of electrical energy output: in conjunction
with battery or other form of storage, or interconnection
with power grid.
183. What are the advantages of VSCF wind

electrical system?
Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are:
1. No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed.

2. Aero turbine always operates at maximum efficiency
point.
3. Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed
– duration curve can be extracted
4. Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which
are associated with constant – speed operation.
184. Explain the terms real power, apparent power

and reactive power for ac circuits and also the units
used.
Real Power: It is the product of voltage, current and

power factor i.e. P = V I cos j and basic unit of real power
is watt. i.e. Expressed as W or kW.
Apparent power: It is the product of voltage and
current. Apparent power = V I and basic unit of apparent
power is volt- ampere. Expressed as VA or KVA.
Reactive Power: It is the product of voltage, current
and sine of angle between the voltage and current i.e.
Reactive power = voltage X current X sinj or Reactive
power = V I sin j and has no other unit but expressed in
VAR or KVAR.
42 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
185. Define the following: Average demand,

Maximum demand, Demand factor, Load factor.
1. Average Demand: the average power requirement

during some specified period of time of considerable
duration is called the average demand of installation.
2. Maximum Demand: The maximum demand of an
installation is defined as the greatest of all the demand,
which have occurred during a given period. It is
measured accordingly to specifications, over a
prescribed time interval during a certain period.
3. Demand Factor: It is defined as the ratio of actual
maximum demand made by the load to the rating of
the connected load.
4. Load Factor: It is defined as the ratio of the average
power to the maximum demand.
186. Explain forward resistance, static resistance

and dynamic resistance of a pn junction diode.
Forward Resistance: Resistance offered in a diode circuit,

when it is forward biased, is called forward resistance.
DC or Static Resistance: DC resistance can be explained
as the ratio of the dc-voltage across the diode to the direct
current flowing through it.
AC or Dynamic Resistance: It can be defined as the
reciprocal of the slope of the forward characteristic of the
diode. It is the resistance offered by a diode to the
changing forward current.
187. How does Zener phenomenon differ from

Avalanche breakdown?
The phenomenon when the depletion region expands and
the potential barrier increases leading to a very high electric
field across the junction, due to which suddenly the reverse
current increases under a very high reverse voltage is called
Zener effect. Zener-breakdown or Avalanche breakdown
may occur independently or both of these may occur
simultaneously. Diode junctions that breakdown below 5v
are caused by Zener Effect.
43 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
Junctions that experience breakdown above 5v are caused

by avalanche-effect. The Zener-breakdown occurs in heavily
doped junctions, which produce narrow depletion layers.
The avalanche breakdown occurs in lightly doped junctions,
which produce wide depletion layers.
191. Compare JFET’s and MOSFET’s.

Comparison of JFET’s and MOSFET’s:
JFET’s can only be operated in the depletion mode

whereas MOSFET’s can be operated in either depletion or
in enhancement mode. In a JFET, if the gate is forward-
biased, excess-carrier injunction occurs and the
gatecurrent is substantial.
MOSFET’s have input impedance much higher than that
of JFET’s. Thus is due to negligible small leakage current.
JFET’s have characteristic curves more flat than that of
MOSFET is indicating a higher drain resistance.
When JFET is operated with a reverse-bias on the
junction, the gate-current IG is larger than it would be in
a comparable MOSFET.
192. Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound

resistors
a. Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of
resistive material is deposited on an insulating substrate.
Desired results are obtained by either trimming the layer
thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch
along its length. During this process, the value of the
resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is
stopped as soon as the desired value of resistance is
obtained.
b. Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an
insulating cylindrical core are known as wire wound
resistors. These wires are made of materials such as
Constantan and Manganin because of their high resistivity,
and low temperature coefficients. The complete wire wound
resistor is coated with an insulating material such as baked
enamel
44 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
193. What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain

CMRR.
Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to
amplify the voltage difference between two input-lines
neither of which is grounded, is called differential amplifier.
This reduces the amount of noise injected into the amplifier,
because any noise appearing simultaneously on both the
input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it being a
common mode signal.
CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential
voltage-gain to common made voltage gain. If a differential
amplifier is perfect, CMRR would be infinite because in that
case common mode voltage gain would be zero.
196. What is the difference between electronic

regulator and ordinary electrical rheostat
regulator for fans?
The difference between the electronic and ordinary electrical
regulator is that in electronic regulator power losses are less
because as we decrease the speed the electronic regulator
gives the power needed for that particular speed but in case
of ordinary rheostat type regulator, the power wastage is
same for every speed and no power is saved.In electronic
regulator, triac is employed for speed control by varying the
firing angle speed and it is controlled but in rheostatic
,control resistance is decreased by steps to achieve speed
control.
197. What is the voltage gain or transfer function of

amplifier?
Vout/Vin
198. What does the KVAR means?

The KVAR indicates the electrical power. KVAR means “Kilo
Volt Amperes with Reactive components”
199. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System

? Why can’t use ACB?
Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc quenching
property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric
45 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always vacuum

used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT .
200. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB,

Where it can be used?
MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated
and use for short circuit protection in small current rating
circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal
operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and
under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where
normal current is more than 100A.
Basic ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview Questions and

Answers ::
← 50 TOP LINEAR 30 [MOST ASKED] Mechanical

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB Engineering SEMINAR
VIVA Questions & Answers TOPICS →
227 THOUGHTS ON “200 TOP ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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68 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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69 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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AUGUST 28, 2016 AT 5:46 PM
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AUGUST 28, 2016 AT 8:42 AM
71 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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AUGUST 26, 2016 AT 7:58 AM
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AUGUST 25, 2016 AT 7:15 PM
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AUGUST 24, 2016 AT 6:31 PM
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AUGUST 21, 2016 AT 9:01 PM
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AUGUST 17, 2016 AT 2:29 PM
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AUGUST 8, 2016 AT 12:34 PM
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AUGUST 6, 2016 AT 1:28 PM
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AUGUST 1, 2016 AT 10:46 AM
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JULY 31, 2016 AT 11:35 AM
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75 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
dipak
JULY 31, 2016 AT 5:58 AM
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JULY 27, 2016 AT 2:04 PM
sir please send me interview questions on

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JULY 26, 2016 AT 8:06 PM
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JULY 25, 2016 AT 8:31 PM
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ch Nasir
JULY 20, 2016 AT 6:04 AM
Hi
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JULY 20, 2016 AT 6:00 AM
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JULY 20, 2016 AT 5:58 AM
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JULY 20, 2016 AT 5:01 AM
sir Please send me the Electronics interview

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JULY 14, 2016 AT 8:17 AM
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JULY 7, 2016 AT 5:11 PM
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JULY 2, 2016 AT 3:36 PM
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JUNE 29, 2016 AT 5:05 PM
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JUNE 18, 2016 AT 8:32 AM
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JUNE 18, 2016 AT 3:34 AM
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Please Sir send me the PDF of all electrical en-

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JUNE 9, 2016 AT 3:26 PM
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JUNE 8, 2016 AT 2:09 AM
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82 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
I is really helpful,
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JUNE 5, 2016 AT 1:40 PM
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JUNE 4, 2016 AT 8:08 AM
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JUNE 4, 2016 AT 8:07 AM
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83 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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JUNE 1, 2016 AT 5:40 AM
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MAY 29, 2016 AT 11:36 AM
Dear Sir!
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MAY 21, 2016 AT 4:18 PM
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MAY 11, 2016 AT 8:58 AM
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MAY 10, 2016 AT 3:55 AM
please send me this pdf(electrical interview qn’s

nd ans)
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MAY 9, 2016 AT 7:57 PM
Dear Sir,
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MAY 9, 2016 AT 1:38 AM
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MAY 6, 2016 AT 6:01 AM
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APRIL 29, 2016 AT 6:44 PM
sir….plz send me electrical interview questions

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APRIL 29, 2016 AT 2:05 PM
85 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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APRIL 21, 2016 AT 7:38 AM
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APRIL 17, 2016 AT 8:28 AM
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APRIL 16, 2016 AT 10:54 AM
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Siddharth Gurung
APRIL 15, 2016 AT 4:53 AM
its really helpful

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BIBHAS
86 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
APRIL 12, 2016 AT 4:39 AM
sir,
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Rikin maheta
APRIL 10, 2016 AT 6:32 PM
Respected
i prepar electrical engineering technical inter-
view .
i req. sir can you send me pdf file above que.and
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Thanx
rikin. a maheta
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sandra Carpenter
APRIL 8, 2016 AT 7:43 PM
Hello can you send questions. Thanks!
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sandra Carpenter
APRIL 8, 2016 AT 7:42 PM
hi Can you email me the questions at scarpen-

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manohar
APRIL 6, 2016 AT 5:55 PM
87 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
Sir no any option shows for download in pdf

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REPLY
ravindra kumar
APRIL 3, 2016 AT 2:22 PM
Please send me electrical interview question

My email. ravindra.outlook2@gmail.com
REPLY
RADARAPU ANIL
APRIL 2, 2016 AT 12:25 AM
Please sir send me a copy of pdf of these ques-

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MARCH 31, 2016 AT 11:56 AM
Its really good sir thank you so much…..
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MARCH 29, 2016 AT 7:42 PM
Sir please send me interview and electrical basis

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MARCH 26, 2016 AT 8:16 AM
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88 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
my mail id sandyk29krish@gmail.com
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MARCH 25, 2016 AT 2:09 PM
sir can u send me the pdf of electrical interview

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MARCH 24, 2016 AT 2:21 PM
i need this questions .. so can u send me this to

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Pavak
MARCH 21, 2016 AT 5:55 AM
PLEASE MAIL ME PDF AT

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engineer
MARCH 22, 2016 AT 10:26 AM
Ok Pavak i will send you questions and

answers pdf
REPLY
NIRAV
MARCH 21, 2016 AT 4:14 AM
NAMSKAR SIR…
89 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
ITS REALLY GOOD…

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THANKS IN ADVANCE….
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engineer
MARCH 22, 2016 AT 10:27 AM
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NIRAV
MARCH 21, 2016 AT 4:12 AM
NAMSKAR
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can you send me PDF of this material…
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engineer
MARCH 22, 2016 AT 10:27 AM
Ok NIRAV i will send you questions and

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MARCH 16, 2016 AT 11:43 AM
sir,pls send the above pdf of electrical engg in-

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90 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
engineer
MARCH 22, 2016 AT 10:31 AM
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vinayak
MARCH 15, 2016 AT 6:22 PM

terview Questions to this email address hav-
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MARCH 11, 2016 AT 2:07 PM
Please send me the pdf. btlhole@yahoo.com
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aftab
MARCH 9, 2016 AT 7:22 PM
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91 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
rishabh
MARCH 8, 2016 AT 6:29 AM
please send me the above pdf of electrical engi-

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REPLY
Niraj
MARCH 3, 2016 AT 2:29 AM

terview Questions.
i Really need it.
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engineer
MARCH 3, 2016 AT 4:08 AM
Ok Niraj i will send you Questions and

answers PDF
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MAY 11, 2016 AT 9:04 AM
Sir please send me it is really

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REPLY
krishnendu Manna
Best
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92 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
engineer
Thank you Krishnendu Manna
REPLY
EBIN ELDHOSE
JULY 16, 2016 AT 12:01 PM
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Can u send me an email of this to
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REPLY
Sajid
Sir, its just an extra-ordi-

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Anticipating your kind
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REPLY
Sundar kumar
APRIL 12, 2017 AT 1:44 PM
Thank u sir can u

send me an email
of this to
ggscet74sky98@g
mail.com
93 of 94 01-06-2018 03:22 PM
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Home » Electrical Engineering Interview Questions » 200

200 TOP ELECTRICAL

Posted on August 31, 2017 by engineer 227

ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview

CLICK HERE —-> ELECTRICAL

1. What is electric traction?

Electric traction means using the electric power for

used for bullet trains.and basically dc motors are used for

3. What is “pu” in electrical engineering?

4. Operation carried out in Thermal power

5. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Interview

6. How tube light circuit is connected and how it

7. whats is MARX CIRCUIT?

8. What is encoder, how it function?

9. What are the advantages of speed control using

1. Fast Switching Characteristics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT

10. Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an

11. what is the principle of motor?

12. Why, when birds sit on transmission lines or

13. what is meant by armature reaction?

14. what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d

bulb r tube light?

15. Which motor has high Starting Torque and

16. what is ACSR cable and where we use it?

17. What is vacuum circuit breaker.define with

18. What will happen when power factor is leading

1. losses in form of heat will be reduced,

19. whats the one main difference between UPS &

20. What is 2 phase motor?

21. Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives

1. smooth start and stop.

22. What is the significance of vector grouping in

23. Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan

24. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC

25. what is the principle of motor?

26. what is meant by armature reaction?

27. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC

28. what is the difference between synchronous

29. What is the Polarization index value ? (pi

30. Why syn. generators are used for the

31. What is the difference between synchronous

32. 1 ton is equal to how many watts?

33. why syn. generators r used for the production

34. Enlist types of dc generator?

1. separatly exicted d.c.generator

35. What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?

36. What is an exciter and how does it work?

37. Difference between a four point starter and

38. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System

? Why can’t use ACB?

39. What is the difference between surge arrestor

40. What happens if i connect a capacitor to a

41. Why the capacitors works on ac only?

42. Explain the working principal of the circuit

43. How many types of colling system it

ONAN (oil natural,air natural)

44. Define What is the function of anti-pumping in

45. What is stepper motor.what is its uses?

46. How to calculate capacitor bank value to

47. Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t.