ee ~ BHAR@AV RAM acre Course Mateeat. ~ceoaBoay ' Nesten's Jars of- Viscoetty + a ic preporntional to note of shean strain. as & TH ly < Kae Flasds lick Ab obey ti lao,eNewtontan feaidls Be incense tt tempen adune bn ie pa oe tn Liquid ga Kinemake wiseost __ ae) eee (te) ee aa PA f Brat (oot) = (T° obec Pie ze mebare bead cat Bis 2 ewe cn te plate = en Patrol) i De eee es 2 oko pak | a potak cabled Contn of Pressure taeFence on Conred Raonghowet ee err eee: by takeing ro of the area, Total force acting = Tetel wl es weaken < Aheve cunved < ee ALIN EMATICS te ees ae Acodlenabten | Aseal Accelorabten, arse len en by De 40 oe clang In the posited Asirtng, force. ifBteady Has , (seal ace. =O. Uriterm flor, teavedive aee =O Flew note Q= (¥. ni Ve velheily oe was Pleo rake, fo= CQ Bo Erbeurive preporly i Bi Tiewive 4 Reyeld's amupenh: pation dG) ~ 4 4, [opavr f pee da) ew ee, Rabe e| droog Rake of cl cae Neb Prepenky flow vate out Bh 0 of Beith Chetty Copy on dle) Soke ey aS A ae ob Ben wa q {tiv = te ev This, solved ton > continuo a eote, We c fe ee 39 . 269 erat Galion, Also called dit fredtiol cap for, Contenvallfer of mass Treempotuelfe hui f= coma we the cap. bee peers ax" oy * Set PvVVve oe X-dinectien 2, Toke B= Detaled of rramenden) i= velocity Sn X~ chredtonwa A fenometurn — a net fs cof of 3 stented oe oe ae en X- Peron ) = ernen ee fos “3 gate in Didferedtol from of Consewalten e Memento 12 we Se y udu 4 d4 yes Du = 4 Pee eect ci at arn 84 “Sz oc oan = 20 au QV 4 9 D9 L 1 OP 2, y oe 9 en PSE" ae Pa oto - O09 Be, 999 eet G9 2 Bele wu =e Oe eee Ge bg y Su, 894 D9 20 a . “Bx a 7 ee ee Peel saconmn iD ep eelcoe = a ole The geome ee Sheady © Dremnprenible Gnvictd G Prrctotter, & hen, Re al. ce gab Benneull< Pan. N a ee Constaake + “ra Eneeay Cavetton BR=E B= a = i pee pelts Pobentos . 96ed aL A, et Way bh [Oortrgdede » Bek ghirrr a oul flero— In ofelrcy aia rhsy CV pene . © (steaty) Sa hans bse Seale bose) a a ie poh 3 Foter . te 5" Pate ha Prpig, Bere Glen See Cals fon cae hey we hove Dore Wethad eqprabton hee je ee t= laugh of pipe P= Daw u Done ieitbock forreon actor a ‘¢ Se net a combat. TE vanies rit of pipe aud fe. Hydraukie Goodie Une — HAL ancuty Grade Une -— GL. P ‘ oe — peiromelbate eee C Hac) fit 5 — Chal cong cdl (fac) * RGL gee Re ventalien of Pieromelate bead a Dt olisarg fallen a free Sinface |OPEN Cranmer FLows Sub- eniticall , epeh co seal fluos. When a floss geet foram eub- @alteal to Super C70 eal poses Py ee oe ow tose Condltttens. a Froude Nuken , Ro & 4s Ge) Shesbead gh Rel Super entticad ae : * PacsHA igen Meanedng denice fon flo eet — edomel , ; Specific Presa, (aes nea As (thins of endear! | “cordttons, 4, 4274. he ohey hosbaalt of ; ay vader ney a bale +t Hays 2 mn enetay the Flow isl be massing iy cotbeal state . Nokmar Depry. 1 Tt te te union epi maltosne, Seen et ron Gee eg wih Abstance) ABC 3 du. slopes - A> Gbestteal slope Bro Coutteal slope SB ow ( ee | K— Super ctheal (a roakeo ig oNha oneal diepits tm ae eink 4 he Chiteal « os ws TEA fee he J Sabe otheal elape Crit channel) apenas Cottreal mC bye he "fpr Bittal — CStesp clone) Tine © FO) tse above cattical conditions oceusdug ab D Bince sub. cottical Flas t clavaieg bo caitical/Sepon ot) Rect Netw! Ath of adhemad 1 He dei LE at wohid tos ean che maintained tn a channel ules uniform -Cendlitfent , when He flor changes Feary Dope — exdtical to cub- cartoon! ( © Lan fon Concenvaltan sf mass ‘ 1 Phcarduesy 2 a ot Weegee +f we ia be ee n(n Be Lar depts clove sta I = hee 0 uptttenny J Se fump jump, : a rat eho fo energy fo ta hydeaudio it % he 5 (hab) ne Sak Moderung Dmentcouac _Aneetie o Be ete te a potlin, if N= neef vestalles ) | Mx nef besic Aimenrdiiens (grromlly 3+ mur Nevof TT teams = MoM Cnen-dimentPanad Number+ Cheese 3% basic vesfololes wohl sevelve oll he 3 asic Bb reerurary er iOnitE ve Be a: eae be, BOR mele, Neder pe fme®}, Me Preie’, Cheete >, vif a beste voslables. aay we have BB = QM oumbers ee a ee Sco pvp DY antonk fos ews, Convinionce “fst con be vod = cee te ee ca, (Goufh ot af- Dees) = dev Ep Tine ead pa reciprocal Lvl Raye ender = (hh i pmol ih tHe verte expeninen| ulead of ny (ae FE osutol be cera te Onde a. a. vonhg tere is) TT oe MopeL, Peorot¥P De liv vpeheh ce) ge we ee ten Rep i LS {bx1o foxy, we we tee tn “eae Gr) ise geale Doon te pratobype (Himes | Raspes One lox we = ese CM a : ESBee. woe hawe to matntaty a veloc: ef 20 mle tn Be medet tnd Ran, Re coeff. of ‘Shes, Ba model wsitl be We ww ne Same og W tHe eah laps. Mere, we hove ied Reg= ae Thig ts called Dyromte O Synles The toncktion fon Dyroore tieiaothy Vertes ratth the pa as Re have by dimeutantett numboyu in ool, Re ~ Reyrla’s Number —p hen viscous affects ane tobe food (sn he «| Mam Marks Nurchen —> + comprantitty affeds w » / Wh - Weber cumber —e Gafose Torsten effeds « » & FE — Froude rember —- Grnoty ffete in doje ee oe es 2 id submarine zs only viscous forces one inpent . J dos ironic srovtontty, ay Sud st we maintain Re* Rep j 2 Whex we rot te find he vetemsdhog force Bad a beth, viscow & ea edfeds ane tmp. / | Rege Pep \ J He have a preblenr! rn e Fm Beth ae Rp FA By, comet be Sabi fil _Sroltnay 4, phat we clo is, J, We make “content. fe, eas i 2 Conduat Be experiment on the rnodtel & cferch total drea force, Dr = Dest Ps | Sats) on™ ac ee ee (wiseouily) | ee Dae be waves oe | We knes “Der (mreonoredl), fe estimate Deen oe a ean } equabrous, eed lagen Cones mreriene ahead) 3 re find Pro, es Dr Posyhb We find Disp by scaling 4p Pian Pie oy ea ig ase get tele etwer ell Cree ») “Pp iid (e v aes : i fod tba fink step in eros credellg Pom = a lis Treble fe dade tp | te ahab ‘ell fag Fea Jerabtevy ake Uhl ede 1 HES tt ae te pre bbe. Cecmelase & 4 is L We vheve Fn a re boke be 219, we hawe bn Ty = low0x Pr, fs S, Now, we know Disp and we estimate Tap by aig Harrie envelon: : H ph P Ee Dp sea Wee Pole mA or D, 2p Note Woe ek Fay Saban natter tan Re bette Q advartes o ler oy —_— aa BR towtont is coavin My Nene en % @ * sf ler & = fy. = ENS Sanne Gi fi we hove Var OF vis ~ Be Tal ee the od, A Wye Mp ond 2: omy matdaln Such Flew ve Vere = to Vp Sa DE Reg Perm + ‘tak - ee» aN LNs Lrenes a ax be, Ce oe Houde Ceci dae QB, We howe vrene Concrete eqpolions vy _porecdikin tee sheas Aneg qolber thon rove Prooe fost te Abented Labo) ap arecfild, Vr 'eOper Channel Flos }- hen we take He equation of ‘Contewatton af Mamarburn’ ancl “ Stet Ih, se gob Movatvale egnal ie. 1G,— Shan shren atthe BE Zp ara of CEL 6 But ree have, eos ) t- IRS, , cae hydronkte tus of b TP Nen-us) ae alae Coost-section (2) ) = PRS, > Unifer flor Som Slope of, bec) . ae Searels | As gheax fence ob walk %& peropesstfanal San cutehe faa) ~ oP Ni Pe eG (oui fg*® Va (%, =) We RS ie C= gil —— TEE > manningle Roughness cee ee =. Coeff. 4 ® (for wntfenos floor) Note Dh jet an other cfoxm of Gnsoveting te mamentum, bdo net comb of oUt aaa coe Q - Separate eqpobiens. GVE Paorne Anatytle t- am a ihe im have 3 dante of thomele. ; if t ue ce Honizental . Sbeosh--cbannel se hove 2 —— partions . Ce ee ‘ = = H Npi- ae depth ae wes, i ry ot Pr, lite a - cod} —— eh ; / | g ») | SeaNoe ts ab i ae Att the abare poufils tan te clevived wiry Hee equekier @~ Bent qznt a coi Sree ces 7h (st AEE bl at —I HR g =a I-F on pe bg er Md poedile, hes hohe Cbeoteal Bat LDenom is +e toh, —S42$5 = Nem biive as is 4+ve as eee “ta Md, “hb! weneases. Thumb tude ifthe sbpe eff GVE profile & alongs decreas behween NBL Lope he in M2, Se PAR | Cie. ith Berg | Pew Ine athen-roite by awd (2) GVE pragile also appreccker NPE tagentinllay (enc ea Infinihe slope .GQvr Prorice Compu TATION. Pp | [a Re mag want to find tre depth | ak ony Requtnesd olistanee foam D. EL en ADOn Tc rete siet hana, is tb be found . f+ He wax aud be incl He Atrtance at vahteb haay ocee then bm, 15 doin 2 AX cs te be | Melled = He jure nite He Energy epprabion Wise ee teo0 cections. Eat Ea + be <= head cod loss cl Zax hat OF ee a ge , ot Bb ae” (a § pore ; hie Sy AK sik i Aa 2 Se | os aaa te Say dhe Fs) Spy 06 Sp wc hy yl hog ee AX ¢( ty) saree ce pall ed > | Ss VM elle te imenonse tLe Geevraes rn mee, A ee ae cae of Ch) wer te tn inbiwal ad Ax * Pengneved Eales Metre — a By accinasy # Modified iu aFaminan Flows ead Torbulet feos Note‘ jee Flo» oceans Ehichin vise effects one veg byl “Ren, any slight dishobance fe cae dies down We Lo vieceus eststance: Preslal Bencd Tie Us aay a ieieat chy ie dally en 2 ob a portientan clilance, ae oll anol the clis tonee tnenense ZAI Ob vee move of X- Asprectton. £5 5 Relaben leveled by Blas Re. SS pilipocastacee/ Hind ——__—, — Valid upto Re, 2 5,60,080 Jonna dtp apmme—e 4S + a Re ieee ty ce bak a - Wee ey Hs ogg a (ev, oS Calewlate parser retdled =i fo cerame shar dies @® Coleate a we © Chek i& ae ote CS + = Coy [osm bag Be > OD Opes ta 2 ¢ Qigieleretss Got fet 23 (2 beg Pex” 0.65) © Poser = Fpxv a SSS "| This ts the pee Seytred b Eee shear ” drs Hasre das fs mt Snebeded ty ib. RECALL tr Gh ship medellng, Ganlies) se censidencd only ae Bs he censtont Ye ane) said we tan ettimele Sheen deg - | This tg whet vt is! | So, meaune toto drag free an ned) ef estimate shear drag 2D We uaing thie ayn £ Yard ab the wove drag by sikoveelea, Paonet tt Moning Leng = = (fot Pobulank flees) . ws Change vn velocity due +0 0 ponticle moving tow 4 to get dh inal vals, Uy —» shear velocity We dedine ib as up = Tes eH dy 7 = Shes at Hal ls. — +8 | oe p = dowity 3S es & - ge Oo oe Med valid upto Ye 2 So \ eer? as 3 Sie Se Useful remlt u, e eee rf gretrusiens come out of the Laminar snb layer, Hebps m cLeddting. olf 15 rouale, Ohewise, iF 1s condoned zat le deter Sirf Beyond Lamsneoe sublaer, we have leepntlomn te one vikene we have Ae sas leg YY + est soa tedg 4 . 3 Abmie one. 8D aoe rs ie far CECIBor Smoett, Laminar Sub layer, TEESE eeePeteetammee i The Psremenon Neel cllorneryiatt Preacuner clevelos in a pipe clue alewpl clestg ~, opening of avalve fe collec Halen hammer . Raa Wr premtune witl be Ap= PVA toa, Fenahs eps afc: oe vor toe faa Be ee (soy) a> rave veletty (ecloul) OU be of the orden of 107d we . ape th eee tot (0° =( wan m Tio (exto head \ The Uubcheve th premune, will be aa much af LOOD ™ | Te exprercion fr os (some Velocity) ue feeble mobiles of Ala a> (5 p> deni ana ec ae of flor eee ats velo Prcgreases + Imoneaies. Fie, cellent Bog ty Ge ‘ i Gre. 3 K 1 heh, | ic Se ee ‘ Gaede «Bae wpalisem vale onl Me wraie aug ee ee | ee Sleeper, as prughaiscs. Iflin tan 42ab of vgsiecoen The vawe {lotto os 1 pho —_— oT k A 2Hyprnuricatty Peecient Crmninerc Selcbcvonel a) | boikea tenee ec alsery ae Snbstonun pertineben fn a oo anea- Fan 0 geckanplen comt-teokin, # yve Ba B- bamellf, a Fin a bnopersidal eroutection wil gille slpe Son! ae a = aon ea $< Poempine Systems (cesouit) :- SBisamee ond Tarn Eee ie R D eC laica pat Hope Cee ih ce wept ay)" % py Avvo Diornaken tlm oa Re Reyace’t thenken, E~ Rovighnese ae > Rertslace aster pil pe i= ony th te fond oot and Bis vole tg wel tn eqnaltent,