Organizational

Development
Interventions
 OD
INTERVENTIONS

Debbie Nell G. Geronimo

INTERVENE

“To intervene is to enter

into an ongoing system of
relationships, to come
between or among persons,
groups, or objects for the
purpose of helping them.”
Chris Argyris
(July 16, 1923 – November 16, 2013)
INTERVENTION
Interventions are sets of structured activities
in which selected organizational units engage in a
series of tasks which will lead to organizational
improvement.
The intervention is the procedure the OD
consultant uses, after diagnosing an organizational
situation and providing feedback to management,
to address an organization problem or positive
future.
 CRITERIA FOR
EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
1. The Extent to Which it (the Intervention)
fits the needs of the organization.
2. The degree to which it is based on causal
knowledge of intended outcomes.
3. The extent to which the OD intervention
transfers change-management competence to
organization members.
 2 Factors that Impact the Success of
OD Interventions
1. Factors relating to Change Situation
These relate to the environment of the
organization and include the physical and human
environment.
A. Readiness for Change
B. Capability to Change
C. Cultural Context
D. Capabilities of the
Change Agent
 2 Factors that Impact the Success of
OD Interventions
2. Factors Related to the Target of Change
These relate to the specific targets at which OD
interventions are targeted. The targets of change can
be different issues of the organization and at
different levels.

A. Organizational Issues

B. Organizational Levels
A. Organizational Issues
1. Strategic Issues
2. Technology and Structure Issues
3. Human Resource Issues
4. Human Process Issues
B. Organizational Levels

OD interventions are
aimed at different levels of
the organization: individual,
group, organization and
trans-organization
 TEAM
INTERVENTIONS

Alex B. Hermogeno
 GROUPS TEAMS
1. A number of persons 1. A form of group
2. Usually reporting to a 2. Has some
common superior characteristics in
greater degree than
ordinary groups
3. Having some face-to-face 3. And a higher degree
interaction of interdependency
and interaction
4. Persons have some degree
of interdependence in
carrying out tasks for the
purpose of achieving
organizational goals.
 TEAM INTERVENTION
The purpose of this team is to help
employees/members of the team that are
struggling in some way.
This usually refers to
performance but can include
emotional / behavioral / social
concerns.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEAMS
1. Cross-Functional Teams
Comprised of individuals with functional home
base but they meet regularly to solve ongoing
challenges requiring input from a number of
functional areas
2. Effective Teams
Effective teams are relaxed, comfortable and
informal.
3. High Performance Teams
Have strong personal commitment to each other
commitment to other’s growth and success.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
TEAM INTERVENTION
TEAM BUILDING
These activities focus on task issues such
as the way things are done, the skills and
resources needed to accomplish tasks, the
quality of relationship among the team
members or between members and the leader,
and how well the team gets its job done.
Interventions focus on:
1. Formal Groups
2. Special Groups
 4 MAIN AREAS OF
TEAM INTERVENTION
1. Diagnosis
2. Task Accomplishments
3. Team Relationships
4. Team and Organization Processes
THE FORMAL GROUP DIAGNOSTIC MEETING
Its purpose is to conduct a general critique of the
performance of the group and to uncover and identify
problems on which they will work on.
“Where we are going” and “how we are going.”
After sharing the data throughout the group, next
steps are: discussing the issues, grouping the issues in
terms of themes, and getting a preliminary look at the
next action steps.
 PROCESS CONSULTATION
INTERVENTIONS
Primary emphasis is on processes such as
communications, leader and member roles in
groups, problem solving and decision making,
group norms and group growth, leadership and
authority, and intergroup cooperation and
competition.
It places greater emphasis on diagnosing and
understanding process events
 STEPS IN TEAM INTERVENTION
Step 1 - Identify At-Risk Population
It must be determined which members are “at-risk”.
The lowest 10% in each level will be the target group.
Step 2 - Initial Intervention Team Meeting
Review data with all personnel in attendance.
Brainstorm interventions. Other interventions may
have been agreed upon during the initial Intervention Team
meeting.
Step 3 - Interventions Begin
Step 4 - Second Intervention Team Meeting
Step 5 - Request for Further Testing
 TEAM INTERVENTIONS
1. Clarify Direction
2. Inspiring Performance
3. Building Relationships and Trust
4. Conflict Management
5. Relating to the External World
 INTER-GROUP
AND THIRD PARTY
INTERVENTIONS

Cherry Andrea G. Lucero

• The focus of this is on improving
intergroup relations.

• OD methods provide ways of

increasing intergroup co-operation and
communication.

• Blake, Shepherd and Mouton have

developed activities applicable to
stressed situations in the forms of steps.
THIRD PARTY PEACE
MAKING

Intermediaries (or third

parties) are people,
organizations, or nations
who enter a conflict to try to
help the parties de-escalate
or resolve it.
 WALTON’S APPROACH TO
THIRD PARTY PEACEMAKING

Walton has presented a statement of

theory and practice for third-party
peacemaking interventions that is
important in its own right and important
in its own right and important for its role
in organization development.
 FOUR ELEMENTS OF
WALTON’S MODEL FOR
DIAGNOSIS OF CONFLICT
SITUATION:
1. The conflict issues.
2. Precipitating circumstances.
3. Conflict relevant acts.
4. The consequences of the
conflict.
 SOURCES OF CONFLICTS
SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES EMOTIONAL ISSUES
 Involves disagreements
 Involves negative
over policies and practices,
feelings between the
competitive bids for the
parties (Examples:
same resources and
anger, distrust, scorn,
differing conceptions of
resentment, fear,
roles and role
rejection)
relationships.
 Requires restructuring
 Require problem -solving
perceptions and
and bargaining behaviors
working through
between the principals.
negative feelings.
 WALTON’S OUTLINE FOR
PRODUCTIVE CONFRONTATION
(PROCESS OF ADDRESSING CONFLICT)

1. Mutual positive motivation.

2. Balance of power.
3. Synchronization of
confrontation others.
4. Differentiation and integration of
different phases of the intervention must
be well paced.
5. Conditions that promote openness
should be created.
6. Reliable communicative signals.
7. Optimum tension in the situation.
 ORGANIZATION MIRROR
INTERVENTION
• It is a technique designed
to work unites feedback in
how other elements of
organization view them.
• Set of activities in which host group
receives feedback about how it is
perceived and regarded from reps across
organization.
 PARTNERING
• Used in situations where two or more
entities are likely to incur unnecessary
and/or cost overruns.

• A variation of team
building and strategic
planning
 COMPREHENSIVE
OD INTERVENTIONS

Junior Hilario
 COMPREHENSIVE
OD INTERVENTIONS
These are the interventions
that are comprehensive in
the terms of the extent to
which total organization is
involved and/or the depth
of cultural change
addressed.
GETTING THE WHOLE SYSTEM
IN THE ROOM

Getting all the key actors of a

complex organization or
system together in a team
building for future planning
kind of session.
 BECKHARDS
CONFRONTATION MEETING
The confrontation meeting is developed
by Richard Beckhard, is one day meeting of
the entire management
of an organization, in
which they take a
reading of their own
organizational health.
 PROCESS OF
CONFRONTATION MEETING
PROCESS DURATION
1. Climate Setting 45 – 60 mins
2. Information Collecting 60 mins
3. Information Sharing 60 mins
4. Priority setting and group
75 mins
action planning
5. Immediate follow-up by top
60 – 180 mins
team
120 mins (four-six
6. Progress Review
weeks later)
 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
The concept is described by Schendel and
Hofers It is defined as the development and
implementation of the organization’s grand
design or overall strategy for relating to its
current and future environmental demands.
 6 MAJOR TASKS OF
STRATEGIC MGT ACTIVITIES
1. Goal Formulation- Defining Mission &
purpose
2. Environmental analysis- SWOT Analysis
3. Strategy formulation
4. Strategy evaluation
5. Strategy implementation
6. Strategic control
 STREAM ANALYSIS
• Developed by Jerry Porras is a valuable
model for thinking about change and for
managing change.
• Displaying the problems of an
organization, examining the interconnections
between the problems, identifying core
problems and graphically tracking the
corrective actions taken to solve the
problems.
 STEPS OF STREAM ANALYSIS

1. Categorizing the important features of

organizational work setting in to four
streams.
a. Organizational arrangements
b. Social factors
c. Technology
d. Physical Setting
 STEPS OF STREAM ANALYSIS
2. Diagnosing the problems and barriers to
effectiveness

3. Classifying the problems into four streams.

4. Identifying the core

problems by noting the
interconnections
between the problems.
 SURVEY FEEDBACK
It’s a process of systematically collecting data
about the system and feeding back the data for
individuals and groups at all levels of the
organization to analyze, interpret meanings and
design corrective action
steps.
 2 COMPONENTS OF SURVEY
FEEDBACK ACTIVITIES

1. Climate or attitude survey

2. Feedback workshop
 GRID ORGANIZATONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• It’s a six phase program lasting about
three to five years, an organization can move
systematically from the stage of examining
managerial behavior and style to the
development and implementation of an ideal
strategic corporate model.
• It enables individuals and groups to assess
their own strengths and weaknesses.
 PHASES IN GRID
ORGANIZATONAL DEVELOPMENT
Phase 1: The Managerial Grid
Phase 2: Teamwork Development
Phase 3: Intergroup Development
Phase 4: Developing an Ideal Strategic
Corporate Model
Phase 5: Implementing the Ideal Strategic
Model
Phase 6: Systematic Critique
 STRUCTURAL
INTERVENTION

Nacer Ferreras
 STRUCTURAL INTERVENTION
• It is called as techno structural interventions.
• This class of interventions includes changes
in how the overall work of an organization is
divided into units, who reports to whom,
methods of control, the arrangement of
equipment and people,
work flow arrangements
and changes in
communications and
authority.
 6 TYPES OF
STRUCTURAL INTERVENTION

1. Structural Design
is largely associated with
experiments attempted to
create better fit among the
technology, structure and
social interactions of a
particular production unit.
 PREMISES OF
SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM
1. Effective work system must jointly optimize
the relationship between their social and
technical parts.

2. Such system must effectively manage the

boundary separating and relating them to the
environment.
 TYPES OF
STRUCTURAL INTERVENTION

2. SELF-MANAGED TEAMS
A self-managed team has total
responsibility for its defined remit. That
remit might be a specific project. A self-
managed team thrives on
interacting skill sets, on
shared motivation and
shared leadership.
3. WORK REDESIGN
Hackman and Oldham – theoretical model
of what job characteristics lead to the
psychological states that produce what they call
“HIGH INTERNAL WORK MOTIVATION”
FIVE CORE JOB CHARACTERISTICS
1. Skill Variety
2. Task Identity
3. Task Significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback from Job
4. QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL)
An attempt to restructure multiple
dimensions of the organization and to
institute a mechanism, which introduces and
sustains changes over time.
 QWL FEATURES
1. Voluntary involvement on the part of employees
2. Union agreement with process and participation.
3. Assurance of no loss of job
4. Training for team problem solving
5. Use of quality circles
6. Participation in forecasting, work planning
7. Regular plant and team meetings.
8. Encouragement for skill development.
9. Job rotations.
5. REENGINEERING
The fundamental rethinking
and radical redesign of
business processes to achieve
dramatic improvements in
critical, contemporary
measures of performance,
such as cost, quality, service,
and speed.
 6. LARGE SCALE CHANGE
AND HIGH PERFORMANCE
SYSTEMS
When a number of OD
and other interventions are
combined to create major
changes in the total culture
of an organization, the term
large scale is used.
 Thank you
for listening!
 Organizational Development
Interventions
OD INTERVENTION & ITS CONCEPTS
Debbie Nell G. Geronimo
TEAM INTERVENTION
Alex B. Hermogeno
INTER-GROUP AND THIRD PARTY INTERVENTIONS
Cherry Andrea G. Lucero
COMPREHENSIVE OD INTERVENTIONS
Junior Hilario
STRUCTURAL INTERVENTION
Nacer Ferreras
MPA 1A - Camarin