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Solution:
An ideal fluid is frictionless and incompressible. Perfect gas, has viscosity and can, therefore, develop shear stress; is also
compressible.
Solution:
dV
Viscosity is related to shear stress by
dy
In terms of units, N m / s N .s
2
m2 m m
Q 3. Newton’s law of viscosity relates to which (or combination) of the following: (a) pressure, velocity and viscosity; (b) shear
stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid; (c) shear stress, temperature, viscosity and velocity; (d) pressure, viscosity,
angular rate of deformation; (e) yield shear stress, rate of angular deformation and viscosity.
Solution:
(b). Newton’s law of viscosity relates to shear stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid.
Q 4. Calculate the force required to provide an initial upward acceleration of 40 m/s2 to a 0.4 kg of mass.
Solution:
F y ma y
F mg ma y F 0.4 9.81 0.4 40 F 19.92 N
Q 5. A pressure is measured to be a vacuum of 23 kPa at a location where the elevation is 3000 m. Find out the absolute pressure.
Also, determined the value of absolute pressure in mm of mercury. Given data: Values of standard atmospheric pressure are
79.48 kPa and 61.64 kPa at elevation of 2000m and 4000m, respectively. Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6
Solution:
Q 6. A liquid reservoir has a mass of 500 kg and a volume of 0.315 m3. Find out the density, specific weight and specific gravity.
Solution:
Solution:
Specific gravity, s = /water at 4oC density, = s water at 4oC =0.79 1000 = 790 kg/m3
Specific weight, = g = 790 9.81 = 7749.9 N/m3 = 7.75 kN/m3
Q 8. Carbon dioxide is at a pressure of 0.9MPa and temperature of 20oC. Determine its density.
Solution:
0.9 10 6
Ideal gas law, P RT 16.26 kg / m 3
(8312 / 44)(273 20)
Q 9. A flat plate (0.5 m 2 m) is towed at 5 m/s on a 2 mm thick layer of oil ( = 0.1 Ns/m2) at 38oC which separates it form the
flat surface. If the plate and surface are horizontal, find out the required force. Assume that the velocity distribution between
the plate and the surface is linear.
Solution:
Considering the linear velocity distribution between plate and surface, the velocity gradient is
dV V 50
2500 s 1
dy y 0.002
dV
The force required to tow the plate, F A A (0.1 2500)(0.5) 250 N
dy
Q 10. Water at 30oC is able to climb up a clean glass tube of diameter 0.2mm due to surface tension. The contact angle of water
with glass is 0o. Determine how far water can climb up in the tube? The surface tension of water at 30oC is 0.0718 N/m.
Solution:
Assume that there are no impurities in water and no contamination in the surface of glass tube. The tube is open to atmospheric air.