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Section 5
-water- liquid phase; composed of 2 hydrogen and one atom
of oxygen
-ice to water (melting); water to steam (vaporization/boiling);
steam to water (condensation); water to ice
(freezing/solidification)
-water cooled to about 39F will expand upon further cooling
-water filling a closed section can develop a pressure up to
45,000 psi I it freezes
-since water is practically incompressible, a little change n
olume is observed w/c causes noise, vibration, and damage in
piping system called water hammer
-hydraulic testing- used to test a heater for pipe/boiler leaks
-fill and pressurize with cold water
Forms of water hammer:
1 Water Hammer in Steam Pipes- at 212F, water has 1600
times weight of same volume of steam; if water is present in
steam pipes, it can be picked by steam and speeded up the
velocity of the steam; equalizing valve is cracked open to start
a small flow of steam to cold piping and if it is opened
instantly, water is picked up by steam and hurled against the
bend
Section 6: