VINAYAKA MISSION’S UNIVERSITY

V.M.K.V. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM.

B.E ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATON ENGG
SUB.NAME: PROCESS CONTROL VI SEMESTER
QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I
PART-A
1. Define self regulation.
2. A tank operating at 10 ft head 5 LPM out flow through a valve and has a cross section Area of 10sq ft. calculate the time constant.
3. Define interacting system?
4. Derive the expression of first order system with unit step input
5. Write the classification of process control with example
6. Write any four advantage of automatic control system.
7. What are the variables used in process control?
8. What is meant by non - self regulation?
9. What is the difference between interacting and non-interacting systems?
10. Write any two characteristics of first order processes modeling?
11. Define process?
12. Define non interacting system?
13. What is meant by load variables?
14. Define manipulated variable?
15. Define deviation (or) Error?
16. Give an example for the input of the process?
17. Define process control?
18. Give the equation of second order system?
19. Give the equation of first order system?
20. Give the elements of the process?
21. What is meant by final control element?
22. What is the need for the process control?
23. Define decay ratio?
24. Define transportation lag?
25. List the two types of process control.

1
PART-B
1). Derive the expression for the Mathematical model of a interacting & non- interacting system.

q1
h1

R1
q2

h2

R2

h2
q1 q2
h1

R1 R2

2. Derive the Mathematical model of a typical level process.

3. Describe continuous and batch process with example.
4. i) Compare interacting and non-interacting systems.
ii) Define servo and regulatory operation with example.
5. Obtain the mathematical model for a typical thermal process.
6. i) With an example explain self regulation of a process.
ii) What are the principal characteristics of the first-order processes?
7. Obtain the mathematical model of a second order mechanical process system.
8. Two non interacting tanks are connected in the series the time constant ‫דּ‬1=0.5 ‫דּ‬2= 1 and the flow rate of tank 2 is 15cube feet / sec
the operation head of tank 2 is 30 feet. Sketch the response of the level in tank 2 if a unit step change is made in the inlet of tank 1.
9. Obtain the transfer function H2(S)/Q(S) for the liquid process.
10. Two interacting tanks are connected in the series the resistance R1=5,R2=3 and the cross section area A1=5 sq ft,A2=6sq ft find the
variation in the output flow rate of tank 2 to the input flow rate of tank1 if a unit step change is made in the inlet of tank 1.

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UNIT-II
PART-A
1. Why floating control has not become popular?
2. Design an electronic PI controller for Kp=5 and Tr=10 secs.
3. Explain the function of a controller.
4. Mention any two drawbacks of the derivative control action.
5. Obtain the response of P controller with Kp = 2
6. Design an electronic PI controller for Kp=5 and Tr=10 secs.

%e

1 2 3
t in sec

7. Write the expression of output for P, PI, PID controllers.

8. Write the expression of output for P, I, D controllers.
9. What is the working principle of pneumatic controller?
10. Mention the advantage and disadvantage of proportional controller.
11. What is meant by offset?
12. Why is the electronic controller preferred to pneumatic control?
13. Write any two limitations of single speed floating control?
14. What are the two modes of the controller?
15. Define discontinuous mode of controller?
16. Define continuous mode of controller?
17. Give an example for discontinuous mode of controller?
18. Give an example for continuous mode of controller?
19. Define cycling?
20. What are the steps involved to design a best controller?
21. Define proportional band.
22. Write the relation ship between proportional band and proportional gain.
23. Sketch Pneumatic P+I controller.
24. Why derivative mode of control is not recommended for a noisy process?
25. Define integral (reset) windup?

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PART-B
1. Obtain the response of PID controller with Kp =5, Ti=10, Td=2 for the following error signal .
2. Realize electronic PID controller with Kp=1.5, Ti=1sec, Td=0.1sec.
3. Explain briefly about the various control actions of pneumatic controllers
4. Obtain the response P,PI with Kp=2,Ti= 0.1sec, for the following error signal.

%e

1 2 3 4 t in sec

5. i) Bring out the relative advantages and disadvantages of proportional , integral and derivative control actions.
ii) Explain their characteristics effects of PI controller on the closed loop response of a first order process for unit step change in
set point and load.
6. i) What is meant by bump less transfer?
ii) Discuss about the factors to be considered while selecting the type of controller for various process.
7. Compute the response of a PD controller to a ramp change in the error e. sketch the contributions of the proportional and derivative
actions separately.
8. Explain briefly about the various control actions of electronic controllers
9. i) Why derivative controller is not recommended alone for any process.
ii) Write the characteristics of ON-OFF controller.
10. Obtain the response of PID controller with Kp =3, Ki=0.01, Kd=2
for the following error signal

%e

2
2 3 4

1 t in sec
-2

4
UNIT-III
PART-A
1. What are the parameters required to design a best control action?
2. Write Ziegler Nichols tuning formulae for open loop method.
3. How to choose evaluation criteria for an application?
4. How to obtain the reaction curve of a process?
5. Define the decay ratio of under damped system.
6. Write the effect of time delay in process control system.
7. What are the parameters required to design the best controller?
8. Write any two practical significance of the gain margin.
9. Define phase cross over frequency in the bode stability criterion.
10. Write Ziegler Nichols tuning formulae for closed loop response method?
11. Define controller turning.
12. What is reaction curve.
13. What performance criterion should be used for the selection and turning of controller?
14. Define ultimate gain.
15. What is ITAE and when to go for it?
16. Write any two practical significances of the gain margin.
17. Why is it necessary to choose controller settings that satisfy both gain margin and phase margin?
18. What is tuning a controller based on quarter – decay ratio?
19. Name the time integral performance criteria measures.
20. Define Integral Square Errors (ISE)
21. Define Integral Absolute Errors (IAE)
22. Define Integral of Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE)
23. Define One-quarter decay ratio.
24. Give the satisfactory control for gas liquid level process.
25. Give the satisfactory control for gas pressure process.

PART-B
1. Explain the process reaction curve method of tuning PID controller
2. Describe the frequency response method of tuning proportional controller.
3. i) Write brief notes on damped oscillation method.
ii) Describe the tuning procedure when mathematical model of the process is available.
4. Describe the evaluation criteria of integrals of the square ,absolute value and time-weighted absolute errors of the controller settings.
5. Discuss about the controller settings using Ziegler-Nichols continuous cycling method and write its application.
6. Give the optimum controller settings for the model G(s)=e-0.5s/(4s+1) obtained by Reaction Curve Method.
7. i) What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of the three time integral criteria ISE, IAE and ITAE.
ii)Using the Nyquist stability criterion ,show that feedback systems with first and second order open loop response are always stable.
8. i) Write brief notes on damped oscillation method. When it is preferred.
ii) Describe the tuning procedure when mathematical model of the process is available.
9. i) Explain the process reaction curve method of tuning PID controller.
ii) Describe the frequency response method of tuning proportional controller.
10.i) Write brief notes on ¼ decay ratio.
ii) Why both gain margin and phase margin should be considered for tuning of a controller and give the explaination.

5
UNIT-IV
PART-A
1. Give an example for ratio control.
2. What is decoupling control?
3. Explain the purpose of cascade control for heat exchanger.
4. When cascade control will give include performance then conventional feedback control.
5. What is meant by auctioneering control?
6. When cascade control give improved performance than conventional feedback control ?
7. What are decouplers?
8.Give the example for inferential control.
9. What is meant by multivariable control.
10.what are the advantages of cascade control system.
11. Define ratio control.
12. Define cascade control.
13. When cascade control will give improved performance than conventional
Feedback control?
14. Explain the purpose of cascade control for heat exchangers?
15. Give any two types of selective control system.
16. What is limit switch?
17. Mention the types of limit switches.
18. What is HSS?
19. What is LSS?
20. What is override control?
21. What is split-range control?
22. Differentiate split-range control and selective control.
23. Why are fuel and air sent at a specified ratio into a combustion chamber?
24. What are the advantages of feedforward controller?
25. What are the disadvantages of feed forward controller?

PART-B
1. i) when to go for feed forward control? Give example for the same from
Distillation column.
ii) Explain how cascade control can give better performance then single loop
Controller with an example.
2. What is split-range control? Describe a situation where you could use split range
Control with example.
3. Discuss the rationale of a cascade control system and demonstrate why it provides
better response then simple feedback.
4. (i) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of cascade control ?
(ii) For what kind of process can you employ cascade control?
5. What is meant by selective control system? How many different types of selective
Control systems are available? Discuss their characteristics.
6. Explain feed forward control with an example from distillation column and list the

6
 Benefits we can expect when compared with feedback controller.
7. With an example, explain the control of MIMO systems.
8. What is inferential control? Explain inferential control with an example?
9. Describe any one multiloop control with an example.
10. What is multivariable control? Explain multivariable control with an example.

UNIT-V

PART-A
1. What is the purpose of final control element?
2. Why the characteristics of the control valve changes after installation?
3. Give two examples for electric actuators.
4. What is rotating shaft type control valves.
5. Why is equal percentage valve is called so?
6. Explain the function of pneumatic transmission line.
7. Name the two types of plugs.
8. Give two examples for pneumatic actuators.
9. What is the function of valve positioner?
10. What are the types of control valves?
11. What is flashing in control valve?
12. When do you use a valve positioner?
13. Give two examples for electric actuators.
14. What is the need of I/P converter in a control system?
15. Name one application of electrical actuators.
16. Explain the function of pneumatic transmission lines.
17. Define Rangeability.
18. What is meant by cavitations in control valve?
19. What is “equal percentage” in the equal percentage valve?
20. What are the characteristics of control valve?
21. What is the function of control valve in a flow control system.
22. What is “quack opening” control valve.
23. What is “Linear” control valve.
24. Define Control Valve sizing.
25. Name any one final control element.

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PART-B
1. Write short notes on: (6)
(i) Control valve sizing.
(ii) Cavitation and flashing (6)
2. Describe the characteristics of control valves. (12)
3. Explain the operation and benefits of valve positioner. (12)
4. Explain pneumatic and electric actuators. (12)
5. (i) How to prevent cavitation and flashing. (6)
(ii) Compare electric and pneumatic actuators. (6)
6. (i) What are the effect of oversizing and undersizing the valve. (6)
(ii) Explain about valve bodies. (6)
7. Explain the different types of control valves. (12)
8. (i) Explain about current to pressure converter. (6)
(ii) Give any two applications of I/P converter. (6)
9. (i) Explain inherent and installed characteristics of control valve.(6)
(ii) Compare inherent and installed characteristics of control valve. (6)
10.(i). Explain briefly about the construction and operating principle of different types of pneumatic valves and their flow capacity
characteristics. (6)
(ii). Discuss about the important factors before selecting air-to-close pneumatic control valve. (6)

Corrections:

In unit –II part –B for question no. 1 error signal was not given.
In unit – III part – A Question no. 9 (out of portion).
In unit – IV part – A Question nos. (4, 6 repeated).