Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Elective I Elective II
Information Theory & Coding Digital image Processing
Optical Communication I Optical Instrumentation
Computer Architecture & Parallel Processing Computer Networks
Biomedical Instrumentation – I Biomedical Instrumentation - II
Modern Control Theory - I Modern Control Theory - II
VLSI Design
SEMESTER I & II
93.101-93.107. (CMNPHTEAR)
See CIVIL SYLLABUS
93.108 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONICS
Module 1
Module 2
Vaccum tubes, basic principles of diodes, triodes, tetrode and pentode.
Semiconductor theory, band theory of metals. Intrinsic and Extrinsic semi
conductors. PN junction diodes characteristics. Basic transistor theory, different
configuration and characteristics.
Module 3
Electron dynamics, motions of charge particles in electric, magnetic and
combined electric & magnetic fields. Basic instruments for electronic
measurement, use of multimeter for measurment of Current, Voltage and
Resistance. FET, Vacuum tube voltmeter, Digital voltmeter, Digital frequency
meter, Oscilloscope, measurement of frequency and phase. AF generators,
Function generators, function of control knobs and switches of above mentioned
instruments.
93. 109 ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS (CMNPHETARSee CIVIL
SYLLABUS
SEMESTER III
Module 1
SI units of current, voltage, power and energy; relationships between electrical
mechanical and thermal units. Electrostatics: Electric field intensity, flux density,
permittivity, Electric potential and potential gradient, dielectric, capacitance,
breakdown voltage construction and performance of (Leclanche Cell, Mercuric
Cell), and secondary cell (Lead acid Cell), maintenance of secondary cells.
Electromagnetism: Magnetic effect of electric current, flux density, field intensity,
permeability, reluctance. Force acting on a current carrying conductor,
electromagnetic induction, Faradays Laws, lenz’s law, statically and dynamically
induced emf, self and mutual inductance.Transformers: Principle of operation,
EMF equation, phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, regulation, losses, efficiency,
auto transformer, OC and SC tests.
Module 2
AC Circuits: Waveform, frequency, peak, rms and average values, peak factor,
form factor, sinusoidally varying quantities, phase representation, reactance
impedance, power factor, Analysis of simple series and parallel circuits consisting
of R, L and C. Three phase system: Star and delta connection, relationship
between line and phase values, power in three phase circuits, lay out of a typical
power system (Block diagram only), Measurement of power using two
wattmeters.
Module 3
DC generators - principles of operation, emf equation, type of generators,
characteristics and applications. DC motors: torque and speed operations, types
characteristics and applications, principles of starting.Synchronous machines:
Alternator, emf equation, principles of operation synchronous motor: methods of
starting, applications.3 phase induction machines: types, slip, characteristics and
applications.
References.
1. H. Cotton, Applied electricity. 2. B.L. Theraja, Electrical technology.
N.B.. : Total nine questions: Three from each module. Answer any two questions
from each module.
Module 1
The Schrodinger wave equation. Potential well problem - Energy bands - Metals,
semiconductors and insulators - direct and indirect band gap
semiconductors.Charge carriers in semiconductors - electron and holes -
Effective mass - intrinsic material - extrinsic material - Carrier concentration -
Fermi level - Electron and hole concentration at equilibrium - temperature
dependence of carrier concentration - Drift of carrier - conductivity and mobility -
Effect of temperature and doping on mobility - hall effect.Direct and indirect
recombination, trapping - Steady state carrier generation - Quasi fermi level -
measurement of lifetime - diffusion of charge carriers - diffusion coefficients -
Einsten’s relations Continuity equations - diffusion length, diffusion current, drift
current.
Module 2
PN diode structure - equilibrium condition - The contact potential - Equilibrium
Fermi level - Space charge at a junction - Forward and reverse biased junctions -
Carrier injection - Minority and majority carrier currents – V-I characteristics -
Diode equivalent circuit - Small signal parameters - Reverse bias breakdown -
Transient ac conditions, temperature dependence of parameters - Metal semi
conductor junctions - photo diodes - LED LCD.Bipolar junction transistors - BJT
structure fundamentals of BJT Operation - Minority carriers distribution and
terminal current - the coupled diode model - small signal equivalent circuit - V-I
characteristics, switching - high current and high voltage effect - photo transistor.
Module 3. JFET structure - JFET principle of operation, V-I characteristics,
equation for drain current, small-signal linear equivalent circuit, equation for
transconductance, JFET fabrication - MOSFET structure - fabrication out line -
MOS Capacitor, enhancement and characteristics of UJT and SCR. Processes
involved in integrated circuit, planar process, diffusion and epitaxy, monolithic
circuits, photolithography, isolation techniques, packing and interconnection,
Monolithic components, capacitor, resistors, diodes, bipolar and field effect
devices, A typical Monolithic circuit, Ion implantation, Principles of thin and thick
film technologies, Basic principles of LSI and VLSI.
References:
1. Ben.G. Streetman, Solid state electronic devices, PHI .
2. Mauro Zambuto, Semiconductor Devices,.
3. D. Nagchoudhuri, Semiconductor Devices,
4. M.S. Tyagi, Introduction to Semiconductor material and devices, John Wiley
and Sons.
5. Millman and Grabel, Micro Electronics.
N.B..: Set total nine questions, three from each module. Answer any two
questions from each module.
93.305 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
Module 1
Network theorems, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem - Superposition
theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Miller theorem - Maximum power transfer theorem
& Maximum transfer by impedance matching and by transformer adjustment -
Insertion loss.Signal representation - Impulse, step pulse and Ramp function.
Use of Laplace Transform in the transient analysis of RC and LC networks with
impulse, step, exponential, pulse and sinusoidal input, initial and final value
theorems, step input for RLC circuits.
Module 2
Network functions - The concept of complex frequency - driving point and
transfer functions - Impulse response - Poles and Zeros of network functions and
their locations and effects on the time and frequency domain. Restriction of poles
and zeros in the driving point and transfer function. Magnitude and phase plots
from s-plane phasors, Bode plots. The dominant pole approximation - The time
constant method of obtaining the response. Parameters of two-port network;
Definition of Z, Y ABCD & h-parameters and their determination for given
network, conversion formulae.
Module 3
Coupled circuit, single tuned and double tuned circuit effect of coefficient and
coupling, Selectivity, Image impedance, Characteristic impedance and
propagation constant - Wave filters - L.P.F. H.P.F., B.P.F., B.R.F., Constant - k and
m - derived, terminating half sections - Attenuators and equalizers. Positive real
function, Testing and synthesis of one port LC, RL and RC network (foster and
cauer forms only)
References:
1. Network Analysis - Van Valkenburg
2. Network Analysis - G.K. Mithal, Khanna Publishers.
3. An Introduction to Network Synthesis - Van Valkenburg
4. Micro electronics - Millman dnd Grabel.
5. Network theory and filter design - V.K.Aatre, Wiley Eastern.
N.B. : Set total 9 questions, three from each module. Answer any two questions
from each module.
Part A
1. Identification of components and devices.
2. Testing of components and devices.
3. Coil winding, Design and construction single and multilayer Coil.
4. Design and construction of small transformers.
5. Use of measuring instruments like Multimeter, RLC meter, Power meter,
Frequency meter, CRO for the measurements Voltage current frequency,
phase, rise time fall time etc.
6. Preliminary idea of PCB fabrication.
Part B
. Soldering practice - Soldering of given circuits.
Module 1. Signals and Spectra. Line spectra and Fourier series - periodic signals
and average power - Gibbs phenomenon - Parseval’s power theorem - Fourier
transforms and continuous spectra-symmetric and causal signals - time and
frequency relations - time delay and scale change - frequency translation and
modulation - differentiation and integration - convolution and multiplication -
impulses and transforms in the limit - properties of the unit impulse - impulses in
frequency - step and signum function - impulses in time. Signal Transmission and
Filtering. Response of linear time invariant (LTI) systems - Impulse response and
super position integral - transfer function and frequency response - signal
distortion in transmission - distortionless transmission - linear distortion -
equalization - transmission loss - power gain - repeaters - radio transmission -
filter and filtering - ideal and real filters - pulse response and rise time -
correlation and spectral density - correlation of power signals, energy signals.
Module 2. Probability and Random Variables ,Probabilities and events -
probability as frequency of occurrence - sample space and axiomatic probability -
conditional probability and statistical independence - random variables and
probability funcitons - discrete random variables - continuous random variables -
CDF’s - PDF’s - Joint and conditional PDF’s statistical average - Means,
moments, expectations and standard deviation - probability models - Binomial,
Poisson, Gaussian and Rayleigh Distributions.Amplitude Modulation AM signals
and spectra - DSB signals and spectra - modulators: Product, Square law,
Balanced and switching modulators - SSB signals and spectra, VSB signals and
spectra.
Module 3. Exponential Continuous wave Modulation FM and PM signals - Narrow
band FM and PM - Tone modulation of FM and PM signals - Multitone and
periodic modulation - Modulation index and frequency deviation - Wideband FM -
Limiters - Reactance and Armstrong modulators.Detection of AM and FM
signals.AM detection; Frequency conversion and demodulation - Synchronous
detection - Envelope detection - Principles of superhetrodyne receivers - RF and
IF amplifiers - Mixer and local oscillator circuits - Tracking and alignment -
Neutralization and unilateralization.Detection of FM waves - Balanced slope
detector - Foster Seely discriminator - Ratio detector.
Text Bookss: Bruce Carlson - Communication systems 3 ed. Mc Grawhill.
N.B.: Set total nine questions, three from each module.Answer any two questions
from each module.
(Use descrete components only) 01. RC coupled amplifiers using BJTs and FETs
. 02. Feed back amplifiers, Gain and frequency response. 03. Power amplifiers,
Maximum power transfer . 04. Difference amplifiers . 05. Cascade amplifiers . 06.
Phase shift, Wein Bridge, Hartly and Colpitts Oscillators, . UJT Oscillators. 07.
Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrator circuits. 08. Schmitt trigger
circuits.
09. Tuned amplifiers, frequency response
SEMESTER V
SEMESTER VI
93.605 MICROPROCESSORS
Design Fabrication and Testing of simple systems like power supply function
generator, public address system, radio receiver, tape recorderss etc., Study of
PCB fabrication, circuit design using computer and lay out.
SEMESTER VII
Module 1. Discrete time signals and systems linearity, time invariances, causality,
impulse response, step response, convolution difference equation, frequency
domain representation of discrete time system & signals, effect of sampling on
frequency response, aliasing frequency response from impulse response.Z
Transform, region of convergence, properties of Z Transform, inverse Z
Transform, pole-zero location of discrete time system on Z plane, stability and
frequency response from pole-zeros plot.
Module 2. Digital filters representation - signal flow graph. Basic network
structure for IIR filter. Direct cascaded, parallel form, Basic network structure for
FIR filters, direct, cascaded form, linear phase FIR filters, Canonic form.Discrete
fourier transform - properties: Circular convolution, Linear Convolution using D F
T, Fast fourier transforms - decimation in time and decimation in frequency, FFT
algorithms - general computation considerations. Bluestein algorithm, DSP chip -
a general study. Application of FET for spectral analysis, convolution, spectral
density, Power spectrum.
Module 3. Properties of FIR filters, design of FIR filters using windows, computer
aided design of FIR filters, Optimisation, Frequency sampling method.Design of
IIR digital filters from analogue filters, Impulse invariant and Bi-linear
transformation, computer aided design of IIR filters. A comparison of IIR digital
filters with FIR filters.
References: 01. Digital Signal Processing - Alan V. Oppenhein, Ronald W
Schafer. 02. Introduction to Digital signal Processing - KUC. 03. Principles of
Signals & Systems - F.J. Taylor. 04. Principles of DSP - Johnson. 05. Digital
Signal Processing - Lonnie C. Ludeman.
Module 1. Optical fibre types - Rays and modes - stop - index fibre structure -
Ray optics representation - wave representation - grade - index fibre structure -
GI numerical aperture.Fibre material and Fabrication methods: Outside CVD,
Modified CVD and VAD methodes - losses in fibres - attenuation absorption,
scattering and radiation losses - signal distortions - intra model and inter model
distortions: Group delay, material and wave guide distortions - fibre optic cables.
Module 2. Mode Theory for Circular Wave Guides:Wave and field equations in
the circular cylindrical wave guides - wave equation for step index fibres - model
equations modes in step index fibres - model equations modes in step index
fibres, cut-off condition and V-parameter. Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes -
LED structures - surface and edge emitters, mono and hetero structures -
internal quantum efficiency - Injection Laser Diodes structures - comparison of
LED and ILD.
Module 3. Optical Detectors: The PN junction photo diode - PIN photodetectors -
Avalanche photo diode construction characteristics and properties - comparison
of performance noise sources - simple - simple model of photo receiver - Its
equivalent for circulation of noise SNR. Transmission Link Analysis: Point to point
links - system consideration - Link power budget - rise time budget - transmission
distance version bit rate - wave lingth division multiplexing - data buses - star
configuration and coupler data buses.
Text Bookss: 01. Optical Fibre Communication - Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw Hill’83.
Module 1. State Space Analysis: Concept of state, State variables, state space
representation of physical systems, cononical form of state space representation.
Solution of state equations - time variant and time invariant systems, Laplace
Transform solution, state transition matrix - interpretation and properties -
computation by different methods. Transfer function from state space
representation. State variable analysis of linear discrete systems.
Module 2. Controllability and Observability: Definition, physical meaning and
conditions - phase variable forms, effect of pole zero cancellation. Detectability
and stabilizability.State space Design: State feedback and pole placement,
limitations of state feedback, tracking problems, bass - Gura formula.Computer
aided design tools for control systems: Introduction to MATLAB -formation of M-
files. Introduction to SIMULINK.Modeling of physical systems by energy method -
Lagrange’s equation - derivation.
Module 3. Modeling of complex physical systems: Inverted pendulum on moving
cart, study of blood sugar and insulin level in a diabetic patient, stirred process
tank, Hot air balloon - controllability and observability of these systems.
Reduction of lime stone by heating, Distillation column, motion of coupled
masses, speedometer, Rocket dynamics.
References: 01. Friedland B., Control Systems Design - An Introduction to State
Space Methods, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1987. 02. Kailath T., Linear Systems,
Prentice Hall, Englewoods Cliffs, N.J., 1980. 03. Chen C. and I.J. Hass, Elements
of Control Systems Analysis - Classical and Modern approaches, PHI, Inc., N.J.,
1968.04. Ogata K., State Space Analysis of control Systems, PHI, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J., 1967.
01. Characteristics of SCR, holding current, latching current, turn off time, etc.
02. MOSFET Drive-measurement of input capacitance, Rds on 03. Single phase
gate control circuits for bridge circuits. 04. Trigerring circuits using UJT. 05. Study
of fully controlled converters - single phase. 06. Study of half controlled
converters - single phase. 07. Control circuits for single phase bridge inverter. 08.
Study of single phase bridge inverter. 09. PWM controller - (TL494/UC3524)
study. 10. Study of DC/DC chopper. 11. Control circuit for DC/DC chopper. 12.
Non-isolated bick converter.
Expected specification of the project and its design are to be completed in this
semester. Markas for the project design is to be awarded as per a continuous
monitoring and evaluation of the progress of the project design. Viva-voce
(internal) is to be conducted by two staff members (one staff member is guide) of
the department to award the 50% of sessional mark. A seminar is to be
presented by each student on an emerging & current topic. A report is to be
prepared. Sessional mark is to be awarded on the basis of presentation, and the
contents of
the report. This report should be brought at the time of final viva-voce to be
conducted at the end of the eighth semester.
SEMESTER VIII
ELECTIVE II
Module 1. MOS structure. Threshold voltage, its correction by body bias and ion
implantation. NMOS, PMOS, CMOS.MOS IC to chronology: Masking steps in
Metal gate and silicon gate technologies. Basic bipolar IC Technology: Masking
steps, component isolation techniques, problems of metal corss over. Digital
MOS circuits with saturated mode, triode mode and depletion mode loads and
CMOS, static and dynamic performance bR ratio, ratioless logic. MOS circuits
design on the chip for given set of technology parameters and voltages. Effect of
tolerances or spreads in V , V , V , mobility and temperature on design. Influence
of body affect on design. Manufacture design rules: Circuit layout in metal gate
and silicon gate technologies. Design using Lambda based design rules of Mead
and Conway. Pass transistor logic in NMOS and CMOS systems: Mapping from
relay logic into silicon to evolve pass transistor logic, pass transistor ALU, tree
network, multiplexer - demultiplexer circuits, selectro logic, tally circuits, delays in
pass transistor logic, use of level resotoring inverters. Driving large capacitive
loads ordinary buffer chain and super buffers. Two phase clocking schemes, gate
capacitance as a temporary store and pass transistor shift registers, register to
register, transfer structured design methodology of mead and convey. Use of
stick diagrams for design of topology of layout. MOS PLAS, their stick diagrams
and layout, finite state machines .Bottom up and top down design, Custom
design. Various semicustom design approaches. Choice of technology, 1 L logic.
Computer aids for design: logic simulation, circuit simulation, layout, VLSI testing.
Problems in going from LSI to VLSI scaling for VLSI.
93.807 PROJECT
Each student is expected to prepare a report on the project work done by him/her
and present paper highlighting the work done by him/her in a seminar. The
student is expected to complete the project work assigned to him/her and submit
the project report by the end of the semester.