PRINTING :

Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite

patterns or designs . In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded
with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction. Textile printing is
related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the whole fabric is uniformly
covered with one colour ,whereas in printing one or more colours are
applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns
Printing is another part of wet processing technology. Printing is carried out after
pre-treatment of fabric or after dyeing of the fabric. Printing is carried out for
producing attractive designs on fabric or other materials. The printing is described as
localized dyeing i.e., dyes or pigments are applied locally or discontinuously to
produce the various attractive designs on fabric. The main objectives of printing are
the production of attractive designs with well defined boundaries made by the artistic
arrangement of a motif or motifs in one or more colors. Printed fabrics are well
protected from friction and washing if dyes or pigments are applied properly on fiber.
A strong bonding is formed between dyes and fiber.

Steps in Textile Printing: Textile printing is carried out in different steps, such as:

 At first, fabrics should be pre-treated before printing.

 Printing paste must be prepared by using printing ingredients; printing
performance depends on a well printing paste.
 Then, making an impression of the print paste on the fabric by using any of
the printing methods, which is required.
 After that, drying is carried out on printed fabric.
 Steaming is carried out on printed fabric for fixing the printing paste on the
fabric.
 At last, printing fabrics are neutralized by the after-treatment process.

Styles of Printing: There are three different styles of printing. Such as:

 Direct style of printing

 Discharge style of printing:

1. White discharge
2. Color discharge

 Resist style of printing:

1. White resist
2. Color resist
Methods of Printing: Printing is carried out with different instruments. Different
methods are use to produce impression on fabric. Methods of printing differ on the
demand of user. Also it depends on the materials type and type of purpose of end
product use. The following methods can be applied for textile printing operation.
They are as follows:

1. Block Printing
2. Burn-out Printing
3. Blotch Printing
4. Digital printing
5. Duplex Printing
6. Engraved Roller Printing
7. Electrostatic Printing
8. Flock Printing
9. Ink-jet Printing
10. Jet Spray Printing
11. Photo Printing
12. Rotary Screen Printing
13. Screen Printing (Flat Screen)
14. Stencil Printing
15. Spray Printing
16. Transfer Printing
17. Warp Printing
18. Special Methods (Tie dyeing and Batik Printing)

At the initial stage of printing, this printing work was done by hand but day by day
this style is changing by utilizing different modern techniques. Now different types of
critical printing is done very easily by the bless of modern science. Most of the
printing machines are controlled by the computer. Graphics design is mostly use in
printing process. Different types of textile machine manufacturing companies trying
to improve the present techniques of printing methods.

Anyhow, printing process plays an important role in the civilized world. Multiple
colors can be use in printing process. Sometimes printing properties show the
identity of a nation. So, we should give great emphasis on printing process to
produce different types of attractive design on textile materials.