Structural Calculation Curtain Wall

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
CURTAIN WALL
Page 1
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 2: WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION 11
CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON GLASS 15
CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR ALUMINIUM MULLION 19
CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR ALUMINIUM TRANSOM 33
CHAPTER 6:DESIGN OF BRACKETS 48
CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES 82
Page 2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Page 3
GENERAL
PROJECT:
CONSULTANT:
CLIENT
CONTRACTOR
SUB CONTRACTOR
REPORT FOR: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR STICK CURTAIN
WALL AT BUILDING
DESIGN METHOD: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS USING STAAD PRO
SOFTWARE AND MANUAL CALCULATIONS USING
STATIC PRINCIPILES AND DESIGN CODES
ITEMS INCLUDED: 1. Glass
2. Aluminium mullion
3. Aluminium Transom
4. Brackets
REFERENCES: 1. Attached Drawings and standards
Page 4
CODES AND STANDARDS
SL.NO CODE NAME FOR DESCRIPTION

1 BS 8118 : 1:91 Aluminium British standard for structural use
of Aluminium
2 BS 5950:Part1 Steel British standard for structural use
of Steel
3 ASTM E 1300‐ 02 Glass American standard for glass
4 ASCE‐7 Wind American standard for wind

pressure calculation
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
ALUMINIUM
Modulus of Elasticity, E 70000 N/mm2
Density 2710 Kg/m3
Modulus of rigidity 26600 N/mm2
Poisons ratio 0.3
Bending strength (Alloy 6063 T6) 160 N/mm2
GLASS
Modulus of Elasticity , E 71700 N/mm2
Density 2500 Kg/m3
Poisson’s Ratio, √ 0.25
Allowable bending stress (Fully tempered) 93.1 N/mm2
Page 5
STEEL
Modulus of Elasticity , E 205000 N/mm2
Density 9850 Kg/m3
Poisons ratio 0.3
Design strength (S275) 275 N/mm2
DEFLECTION CRITERIA
Element Loadings Deflection limit
Aluminium mullion and Wind load L/175up to L=4.1m
transom
L/240+6.35mm for L> 4.1m
Glass Wind Load L/60
Page 6
Mullion with longest
support to support span
Page 7
Max Transom Critical Glass
1990x2200mm
CURTAIN WALL - CW01& CW02
Spacing=2200mm
Page 8
CURTAIN WALL - CW06
Page 9
Critical module Width For Mullion =
(2215+1905)/2=2060 mm
Page 10
Longest Transom
CHAPTER 2: WIND PRESSURE
CALCULATION
Page 11
WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION USING ASCE 7
Basic wind speed (3sec gust ) V= 45 m/s
Velocity pressure qz= 0.613*Kd*Kz*Kzt*I*V2
Wind directional factor Kd= 0.85 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.4.4 )
Importance factor I= 1 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.5 )
Page 12
Exposure coefficient Kz= 0.7 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.6.4 )
Topographic factor Kzt= 1 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.7.2 )
Gust effect factor G= 0.85 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.8 )
2
Velocity pressure qz= 0.738588 KN/m (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.10 )
Design wind pressure P1= qz*GCpe1 - qz*GCPi2
Design wind suction P2= qz*GCpe2 - qz*GCPi1
Internal pressure coefficient(+ve) GCPi1= 0.18 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.11.1 )
Internal pressure coefficient(-ve) GCPi2= -0.18
Page 13
External pressure coefficient(+ve) GCpe1= 0.8 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.11.2 )
External pressure coefficient(-ve)

coefficient( ve) GCpe
p 2= -1
1
2
Design wind pressure P1= 0.72 KN/m (SAY 0.9 Kpa)
2
Design wind suction P2= -0.87 KN/m (SAY 0.9 Kpa)
Page 14
CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON
GLASS
Page 15
SIZE AND THICKNESS OF GLASS
28mm THK. DOUBLE GLASS :
6MM THICK INNER PANEL FT/HS+16mm AS+ +6mm THK FT/HS OUTER PANEL
MAXIMUM PANEL SIZE - 2220X1990 MM
Maximum wind suction/pressure W= 0.9 Kpa
Maximum Glass size (Longer side ) a= 2200 mm
Maximum Glass size (Shorter side ) b= 1990 mm
CALCULATION USING ASTM E-1330-02
From Above table :2
Glass Type Factor GTF= 1.8
From Above table :5
Load share factor LS= 2
Page 16
From above figure (ASTM E-1300-02, fig 1.6 upper chart)
Non factored load NFL= 1.25 Kpa
So load capacity of double glass P=NFL*LS*GTF= 4.5 Kpa
Load acting on the glass W= 0.9 Kpa
The load acting on the glass is less than the capacity of glass.
Deflection Check
Aspect Ratio AR =a/b= 1.11
Area of glass panel A= a*b= 4.38 m2
Maximum wind load in single glass w=W / LS 0.45 Kpa

2
Load*Area W*A 2= 8.63 kN.m2
Page 17
As per above chart (ASTM E1300-2 Fig A1.6 lower chart )
Deflection on the galass d= 16.00 mm

Delection Limit of four side supported glass dlim = b/60 33.2 mm
Ratio of deflection to lmit d/dlim = 0.48 < 1
Hence the glass is safe against Deflection
SO 6MM+16MMAS+6MM DOUBLE GLASS IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE
FOR CURTAIN WALL
Page 18
CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
FOR ALUMINIUM MULLION
Page 19
ANALYSIS OF ALUMINIUM MULLION
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM MULLION
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM MULLION

2
Area of cross-section A= 932 mm
4
Moment of inertia about X axis Ixx= 2051753 mm
4
Moment of inertia about Y axis Iyy= 383890 mm
Distance from N.A (Y-axis) to edge x= 25 mm
Distance from N.A (X-axis) to edge y= 70.1 mm

3
Section modulus about X axis Zxx=Ixx/y = 29268.94 mm
3
Section modulus about y axis Zyy=Iyy/x = 15355.60 mm
Page 20
LOADINGS
Effective Glass thickness (Max) tg= 12 mm

3
Density of glass ρg= 25 kN/m
2
So, dead load from glass DL= tg * ρg 0.3 kN/m
2
Max. Wind Pressure/Suction WL= 0.9 kN/m
Effective module width w=(2215+1905)/2= 2.06 m
Dead load on the mullion W D = DL*w 0.62 kN/m
Win load on the mullion W L =WL*w 1.854 kN/m
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF ALUMINIUM MULLION
THE ALUMINIUM MULLION IS MODELED IN STAAD PRO AND DESIGN LOADS ARE APPLIED
USING ABOVE INFORMATION
Maximum Span of mullion L= 3490 mm
From STAAD PRO report (Provided in next page)
Maximum Bending moment (x axis) Mx= 3.016 kN-m
Maximum Deflection on mullion d= 19.35 mm
Bending Moment Check
Bending Stress on the mullion(x axis) Qmx=Mx/Zxx= 103.04 Mpa
Aluminium(6063-T6) Limiting stress Pm= 160/1.2= 133.33 Mpa
Stress Ratio for aluminum mullion(x axis) Qmx/Pm= 0.77 < 1
Hence the Aluminium mullion is safe against Bending Moment
Deflection Check
Delection Limit of mullion, dlim =L/175 19.94 mm
Ratio of deflection d/dlim = 0.97 < 1
Hence the Aluminium mullion is safe against Deflection
Page 21
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Software licensed to
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
Client File Date/Time
Job Information
Engineer Checked Approved
Name:
Date:
Structure Type SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes 4 Highest Node 27

Number of Elements 3 Highest Beam 21
Number of Basic Load Cases 2

Number of Combination Load Cases 2
Included in this printout are data for:

All The Whole Structure
Included in this printout are results for load cases:

Type L/C Name
Primary 1 DEAD LOAD

Primary 2 WIND LOAD
Combination 3 DL+WL
Combination 4 1.2DL+1.2WL
Section Properties
Prop Section Area Iyy Izz J Material
(cm2) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
1 MULLION 9.330 38.380 205.000 205.000 ALUMINUM
Materials
Mat Name E  Density 
(kN/mm2) (kg/m3) (/°C)
1 STEEL 205.000 0.300 7.83E+3 12E -6
2 STAINLESSSTEEL 197.930 0.300 7.83E+3 18E -6
3 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.330 2.71E+3 23E -6
4 CONCRETE 21.718 0.170 2.4E+3 10E -6
Basic Load Cases

Number Name
1 DEAD LOAD
2 WIND LOAD
Print Time/Date: 01/05/2017 17:27 STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 4) 20.07.09.31 Print Run 1 of 9
Page 22
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
Beam Loads : 1 DEAD LOAD

Beam Type Direction Fa Da Fb Db Ecc.
(m) (m)
19 UNI kN/m GY -0.618 - - - -
20 UNI kN/m GY -0.618 - - - -
21 UNI kN/m GY -0.618 - - - -
Selfweight : 1 DEAD LOAD

Direction Factor
Y -1.000
Beam Loads : 2 WIND LOAD

(m) (m)
19 UNI kN/m GZ 1.854 - - - -
20 UNI kN/m GZ 1.854 - - - -
21 UNI kN/m GZ 1.854 - - - -
Combination Load Cases

Comb. Combination L/C Name Primary Primary L/C Name Factor
3 DL+WL 1 DEAD LOAD 1.00

2 WIND LOAD 1.00
4 1.2DL+1.2WL 1 DEAD LOAD 1.20
2 WIND LOAD 1.20
Page 23
Job No Sheet No Rev
3
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
2.70m
0.20m
3.49m
Y
X
Z Load 1
STAAD MODEL
Page 24
Job No Sheet No Rev
4
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
-0.618 kN/m
-0.618 kN/m
Y
X
Z -0.618 kN/m
Load 1
DEAD LOAD
Page 25
Job No Sheet No Rev
5
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
1.854 kN/m
1.854 kN/m
Y
X
Z Load 2
1.854 kN/m
WIND LOAD
Page 26
Job No Sheet No Rev
6
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
Max: 6.976 mm
Max: 1.227 mm
Max: 19.359 mm
Y
X Load 3 : Displacement
Z Displacement - mm
DEFLECTION (DL+WL)
Page 27
Job No Sheet No Rev
7
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
Max: 1.651 kNm
Max: -0.785 kNm
Max: 3.016 kNm
Y
X Load 4 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm
MAX BENDING MOMENT (1.2DL+1.2WL)
Page 28
Job No Sheet No Rev
8
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
X = 0.000 kN
Y = FREE
Z = -2.266 kN
MX = FREE
MY = 0.000 kNm
MZ = FREE
X = 0.000 kN
Y = 1.869 kN
Z = -6.177 kN
MX = FREE
MY = FREE
MZ = FREE
X = 0.000 kN
Y = 2.117 kN
Z = -3.053 kN
Y MX = FREE
X MY = FREE
Z MZ = FREE Load 3
SUPPORT REACTIONS
Page 29
Job No Sheet No Rev
9
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date Chd
Node Displacement Summary

Node L/C X Y Z Resultant rX rY rZ
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (rad)
Max X 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min X 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max Y 25 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Y 27 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 -0.065 -1.471 1.472 -0.024 0.000 0.000
Max Z 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Z 27 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 -0.065 -1.471 1.472 -0.024 0.000 0.000
Max rX 25 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.023 0.000 0.000
Min rX 27 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 -0.065 -1.471 1.472 -0.024 0.000 0.000
Max rY 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min rY 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max rZ 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min rZ 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 -0.037 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max Rst 27 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 -0.065 -1.471 1.472 -0.024 0.000 0.000
Reaction Summary
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
Max FX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 25 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 2.540 -3.663 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 26 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 2.242 -7.412 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 30
PAGE NO. 1
****************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries4 *
* Version 20.07.09.31 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* Date= *
* Time= *
* *
* USER ID: *
****************************************************
1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: MULLION type 1.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. JOB PART TYPICAL CW
4. ENGINEER NAME SK
5. ENGINEER DATE 27-MAY-16
6. END JOB INFORMATION
7. INPUT WIDTH 79
8. UNIT METER KN
9. JOINT COORDINATES
10. 22 2 10.285 0; 25 2 4.085 0; 26 2 7.58 0; 27 2 7.378 0
11. MEMBER INCIDENCES
12. 19 25 27; 20 26 22; 21 27 26
13. START USER TABLE
14. TABLE 1
15. UNIT METER KN
16. PRISMATIC
17. MULLION
18. 0.000933 2.05E-006 3.838E-007 2.05E-006 0.0005 0.0005 0.14 0.05
19. END
20. SUPPORTS
21. 25 26 PINNED
22. 22 FIXED BUT FY MX MZ
23. DEFINE MATERIAL START
24. ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
25. E 6.89476E+007
26. POISSON 0.33
27. DENSITY 26.6018
28. ALPHA 2.3E-005
29. DAMP 0.03
30. END DEFINE MATERIAL
31. MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
32. 19 TO 21 UPTABLE 1 MULLION
33. CONSTANTS
34. BETA 90 ALL
35. MATERIAL ALUMINUM ALL
36. MEMBER RELEASE
37. 21 START FX MY MZ
38. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE DEAD TITLE DEAD LOAD
Page 31
Page 1 of 3
Monday, May 01, 2017, 05:29 PM
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 2
39. MEMBER LOAD

40. 19 TO 21 UNI GY -0.618
41. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
42. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE WIND TITLE WIND LOAD
43. MEMBER LOAD
44. 19 TO 21 UNI GZ 1.854
45. LOAD COMB 3 DL+WL
46. 1 1.0 2 1.0
47. LOAD COMB 4 1.2DL+1.2WL
48. 1 1.2 2 1.2
49. PERFORM ANALYSIS
P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------
NUMBER OF JOINTS 4 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 3

NUMBER OF PLATES 0 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 3
SOLVER USED IS THE IN-CORE ADVANCED SOLVER
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 15
50. FINISH
*********** END OF THE STAAD.Pro RUN ***********
**** DATE= APR 30,2017 TIME= 19:41:23 ****
Page 32
Page 2 of 3
CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
FOR ALUMINIUM TRANSOM
Page 33
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM TRANSOM
2
Area of cross-section A= 932 mm
4
Moment of inertia about X axis Ixx= 383890 mm
4
Moment of inertia about Y axis Iyy= 2051753 mm
Distance from N.A (y-axis) to edge x= 70.1 mm
Distance from N.A (x-axis) to edge y= 25 mm

3
Section modulus about X axis Zxx=Ixx/y = 15355.60 mm
3
Section modulus about Y axis Zyy=Iyy/x = 29268.94 mm
DESIGN LOADS ON THE TRANSOM
Effective Glass thickness tg= 12 mm

3
Density of glass ρg= 25 kN/m
2
So, dead load from glass DL= tg * ρg 0.3 kN/m
2
Max. Wind Pressure/suction WL= 0.9 kN/m
Maximum transom spacing s1= 2.2 m
Dead load on the transom W D = DL*s= 0.66 kN/m
Max. wind load on the transom W L= WL*s= 1.98 kN/m
Page 34
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF ALUMINIUM TRANSOM
Maximum Span of transom L= 2215 mm
THE ALUMINIUM TRANSOM IS MODELED IN STAAD PRO AND DESIGN LOADS ARE APPLIED
USING ABOVE INFORMATION
From STAAD PRO report (Provided in next page)
Maximum BM about X axis Mx= 0.504 kN-m
Maximum BM about Y axis My= 1.457 kN-m
Maximum Deflection on transom d= 9.172 mm
Bending Moment Check
Bending Stress about X axis Q1=Mx/Zx 32.82 Mpa
Bending Stress about Y axis Q2=My/Zy 49.78 Mpa
Combined stress on transom Q=Q1+Q2= 82.60 Mpa
Aluminium(6063-T6) Limiting stress P0= 160/1.2= 133.33 Mpa
Stress Ratio Q/P0 = 0.62 < 1
Hence the Aluminium transom is safe against Bending Moment
Deflection Check
Delection Limit of transom, dlim = L/175 12.66 mm
Ratio of deflection d/dlim = 0.72 < 1
Hence the Aluminium transom is safe against Deflection
Page 35
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Client File
Job Information
Engineer Checked Approved
Name: GK
Date: 02-Jan-16
Structure Type SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes 2 Highest Node 23

Number of Elements 1 Highest Beam 13
Number of Basic Load Cases 2

Number of Combination Load Cases 2
Page 36
Included in this printout are data for:
All The Whole Structure
Included in this printout are results for load cases:

Type L/C Name
Primary 1 DEAD LOAD

Primary 2 WIND LOAD
Combination 3 1.0 DL+1.0WL
Combination 4 1.2DL+1.2WL
Section Properties
Prop Section Area Iyy Izz J Material
(cm2) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
1 TRANSOM 9.330 205.000 38.380 205.000 ALUMINUM
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Client File
Materials
Mat Name E  Density 
(kN/mm2) (kg/m3) (/°C)
1 STEEL 205.000 0.300 7.83E+3 12E -6
2 STAINLESSSTEEL 197.930 0.300 7.83E+3 18E -6
3 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.330 2.71E+3 23E -6
4 CONCRETE 21.718 0.170 2.4E+3 10E -6
Basic Load Cases

Number Name
1 DEAD LOAD
Page 37
2 WIND LOAD
Beam Loads : 1 DEAD LOAD

(m) (m)
13 UNI kN/m GY -0.660 - - - -
Selfweight : 1 DEAD LOAD

Direction Factor
Y -1.000
Job No Sheet No Rev
3
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Beam Loads : 2 WIND LOAD

(m) (m)
13 UNI kN/m GZ 1.980 - - - -
Combination Load Cases

Comb. Combination L/C Name Primary Primary L/C Name Factor
3 1.0 DL+1.0WL 1 DEAD LOAD 1.00

2 WIND LOAD 1.00
4 1.2DL+1.2WL 1 DEAD LOAD 1.20
2 WIND LOAD 1.20
Page 38
Job No Sheet No Rev
4
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 39
2.21m
Y
X
Z Load 1
STAAD MODEL
Job No Sheet No Rev
5
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 40
-0.660 kN/m
Y
X
Z Load 1
DEAD LOAD
Job No Sheet No Rev
6
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 41
1.980 kN/m
Y
X
Z Load 2
WIND LOAD
Job No Sheet No Rev
7
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 42
Max: 9.172 mm
Y
X Load 3 : Displacement
Z Displacement - mm
DEFLECTION (DL+1.0WL)
Job No Sheet No Rev
8
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 43
Max: -0.504 kNm
Y
X Load 4 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm
MAX BENDING MOMENT X ( 1.2DL+1.2WL)
Job No Sheet No Rev
9
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Page 44
Max: -1.457 kNm
Y
X Load 4 : Bending Y
Z Moment - kNm
MAX BENDING MOMENT Y ( 1.2DL+1.2WL)
Job No Sheet No Rev
10
Part
Job Title Ref
By Date
Node Displacement Summary

Node L/C X Y Z Resultant rX rY rZ
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (rad)
Max X 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Min X 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Max Y 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Min Y 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Max Z 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Min Z 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Max rX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Min rX 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Max rY 23 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.014
Min rY 22 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 -0.014
Page 45
Max rZ 23 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.014
Min rZ 22 4:1.2DL+1.2WL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 -0.014
Max Rst 22 1:DEAD LOAD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.012
Monday, May 01, 2017, 05:42 PM
PAGE NO. 1
****************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries4 *
* Version 20.07.09.31 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* Date= *
* Time= *
* *
* USER ID: *
****************************************************
1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: transom-S.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. JOB NAME ASSET AFFAIRS
4. JOB CLIENT ASHGHAL
5. ENGINEER NAME GK
6. JOB PART TRANSOM
7. ENGINEER DATE 02-JAN-16
8. END JOB INFORMATION
9. INPUT WIDTH 79
10. UNIT METER KN
11. JOINT COORDINATES
12. 22 0 0 0; 23 2.215 0 0
13. MEMBER INCIDENCES
14. 13 22 23
15. START USER TABLE
16. TABLE 1
17. UNIT METER KN
18. PRISMATIC
19. TRANSOM
20. 0.000933 3.838E-007 2.05E-006 2.05E-006 0.0002 0.0002 0.05 0.14
21. END
22. SUPPORTS
23. 22 23 FIXED BUT MY MZ
24. DEFINE MATERIAL START
25. ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
26. E 6.89476E+007
27. POISSON 0.33
28. DENSITY 26.6018
29. ALPHA 2.3E-005
30. DAMP 0.03
31. END DEFINE MATERIAL
32. MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
33. 13 UPTABLE 1 TRANSOM
34. CONSTANTS
35. MATERIAL ALUMINUM ALL
36. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE DEAD TITLE DEAD LOAD
37. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
38. MEMBER LOAD
Page 46
Page 1 of 3
Monday, May 01, 2017, 05:42 PM
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 2
39. 13 UNI GY -0.66

40. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE WIND TITLE WIND LOAD
41. MEMBER LOAD
42. 13 UNI GZ 1.98
43. LOAD COMB 3 1.0 DL+1.0WL
44. 1 1.0 2 1.0
45. LOAD COMB 4 1.2DL+1.2WL
46. 1 1.2 2 1.2
47. PERFORM ANALYSIS
P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------
NUMBER OF JOINTS 2 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 1

NUMBER OF PLATES 0 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 2
SOLVER USED IS THE IN-CORE ADVANCED SOLVER
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 4
48. FINISH
*********** END OF THE STAAD.Pro RUN ***********
**** DATE= APR 30,2017 TIME= 19:18:13 ****
Page 47
D:\REFERENCES\WORKS\MY WORKS\JAFCO AL\New folder\SCHDULE- ADMINISTRATION BUILDING\staad\transom-S.anl Page 2 of 3
CHAPTER 6:DESIGN OF BRACKETS
Page 48
M10 SS BOLT (Dead
hole at Bottom and
Slotted hole at top)
M12 ANCHOR BOLT
6MM THICK
ALUMINIUM BRACKET
Page 49
SUPPORT REACTIONS (FROM FRAME ANALYSIS)
Support reaction due Dead Load FY= 2.12 kN
Support reaction due Wind load FZ= 3.05 kN
CHECK FOR M10 STAINLESS STEEL BOLT
Factored vertical shear on bolt R1=1.4*FY= 3.0 kN
Factored horizontal shear on bolt R2=1.4*FZ= 4.3 kN
Factored resultant Double shear on bolt R=√(R12+R22)= 5.2 kN
For stainless steel bolts,
Tensile strength U= 700 Mpa
Yield Strength Y= 450 Mpa
Shear Strength S= 311 Mpa
Nominal diameter of bolt d= 10 mm

2
Stress Area of bolt A= 58 mm
Page 50
From BS 8118 page 84
Double shear resistance, VRS = 2*αs x pf x A x K1 / 1.2
For SS bolts αs = 0.7
pf = 0.5 (U+Y) or 1.2 x Y = 540 Mpa
For bolts K1 = 0.85
So factored shaer resistance VRS = 31.1 kN
Shear force ratio R/VRS= 0.2 <1
Hence the M10 stainless steel bolt is structurally adequate
Bearing check
For the connected ply from the BS 8118 page 84
Factored resistance in bearing, BRP = c x d x t x pa or e x t x pa whichever is less
Nominal diameter of the bolt d= 10 mm
Thickness of connected ply t= 2.4 mm
Edge distance e= 25 mm
from BS 8118 page 35 for 6063 -T6 pa= 175 Mpa
For df/t < 10 c= 2
Fcotored bearing resistance BRP = 8.4 kN
OR BRP = 10.50 kN
Double shear bearing resistance B= 21.00 kN
Maximum bearing stress ratio, R/B= 0.25 <1
Hence the M10 stainless steel bolt is structurally adequate agianst bearing
Page 51
CHECK FOR FIN PORTION OF ALUMINIUM BRACKET (6MM THICK)
Eccentricity of loading from base plate e= 60 mm
So bending moment about X axis Mx=FZ* e= 0.18 kN-m
Thickness of fin plate t= 6 mm
Depth of fin plate d= 110 mm

2
Area of cross-section (2plates) A=2*d*t= 1320 mm
Section modulus about major axis (2 plates) Zx=2*td2/6 24200.0 mm

3
Factored Tensile stress Q1=1.2*FY/A= 1.9 Mpa
Factored bending stress Q=1.2*Mx/Zx 9.08 Mpa
Limiting stress of aluminium (Alloy 6082 T6) P= 255 Mpa
Stress ratio Q/P = 0.04 < 1
So the fin portion of aluminium bracket is structurally adequate
CHECK FOR BASE PLATE PORTION OF ALUMINIUM BRACKET (6MM)
Page 52
Tension on single bolt due to Mx T= Mx/(d/2)= 3.33 kN
Distance from fin edge anchor bolt ex= 34 mm
So bending moment on base plate Mz=T*ex= 0.113 kN-m
Thickness of plate t= 6.0 mm
Section modulus about minor axis Zz=d*t2/4 990 mm

3
Factored Bending stress Q=1.2*Mz/Zz= 137.26 Mpa
So the base plate portion of aluminium bracket is structurally adequate
CHECK FOR ANCHOR BOLT M12
Factored compression Z=1.35FY= 2.86 kN
Factored shear X=1.5FZ= 4.58 kN
Factored bending moment M=1.5*Mx= 0.27 kN-m
ABOVE LOADS ARE APPLIED IN HILTI PROFIS (ANCHOR DESIGN SOFTWARE)
Anchor bolt considered in design - HILTI HST M12
Detailed HILTI PROFIS Analysis report is provided in next page
Page 53
www.hilti.bg Profis Anchor 2.3.4
Company: Page: 1
Specifier: Project:
Address: Sub-Project I Pos. No.:
Phone I Fax: | Date: 4/30/2017
E-Mail:
Specifier's comments:
1 Input data
Anchor type and diameter: HST M12
Effective embedment depth: hef = 70 mm, hnom = 80 mm
Material:
Evaluation Service Report:: ETA 98/0001
Issued I Valid: 6/17/2011 | 2/19/2013
Proof: design method ETAG No. 001 Annex C(2010)
Stand-off installation: eb = 0 mm (no stand-off); t = 8 mm
Anchor plate: lx x ly x t = 110 mm x 160 mm x 8 mm; (Recommended plate thickness: not calculated)
Profile: Double flat bar; (L x W x T) = 110 mm x 36 mm x 6 mm
Base material: uncracked concrete, C30/37, fcc = 37.00 N/mm2; h = 250 mm
Reinforcement: no reinforcement or reinforcement spacing >= 150 mm (any Ø) or >= 100 mm (Ø <= 10 mm)
no longitudinal edge reinforcement
Reinforcement to control splitting according to ETAG 001, Annex C, 5.2.2.6 present.
Geometry [mm] & Loading [kN, kNm]
Input data and results must be checked for agreement with the existing conditions and for plausibility!
PROFIS Anchor ( c ) 2003-2009 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark Page 54 Schaan
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2 Load case/Resulting anchor forces

Load case: Design loads
y2
Anchor reactions [kN]
Tension force: (+Tension, -Compression)
Anchor Tension force Shear force Shear force x Shear force y
1 1.441 2.290 2.290 0.000
2 1.441 2.290 2.290 0.000 x
Tension Compression
max. concrete compressive strain: 0.10 [‰]
max. concrete compressive stress: 3.00 [N/mm2]
resulting tension force in (x/y)=(0/0): 2.881 [kN]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(47/0): 5.741 [kN]
1
3 Tension load (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.2)

Load [kN] Capacity [kN] Utilization bN [%] Status
Steel Strength* 1.441 30.000 5 OK
Pullout Strength* 1.441 16.221 9 OK
Concrete Breakout Strength** 2.881 34.314 9 OK
Splitting failure** 2.881 50.506 6 OK
* anchor having the highest loading **anchor group (anchors in tension)
3.1 Steel Strength

NRk,s [kN] gM,s NRd,s [kN] NSd [kN]
45.000 1.500 30.000 1.441
3.2 Pullout Strength

NRk,p [kN] yc gM,p NRd,p [kN] NSd [kN]
20.000 1.217 1.500 16.221 1.441
3.3 Concrete Breakout Strength

Ac,N [mm2] A0c,N [mm2] ccr,N [mm] scr,N [mm]
64000 44100 105 210
ec1,N [mm] yec1,N ec2,N [mm] yec2,N ys,N yre,N k1
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000 10.100
N0Rk,c [kN] gM,c NRd,c [kN] NSd [kN]
35.981 1.500 34.314 2.881
3.4 Splitting failure

Ac,N [mm2] A0c,N [mm2] ccr,sp [mm] scr,sp [mm] yh,sp
64000 44100 105 210 1.472
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000 10.100
N0Rk,c [kN] gM,sp NRd,sp [kN] NSd [kN]
35.981 1.500 50.506 2.881
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4 Shear load (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.3)

Load [kN] Capacity [kN] Utilization bV [%] Status
Steel Strength (without lever arm)* 2.290 28.000 9 OK
Steel failure (with lever arm)* N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pryout Strength** 4.580 75.491 7 OK
Concrete edge failure in direction x+** 4.580 20.207 23 OK
* anchor having the highest loading **anchor group (relevant anchors)
4.1 Steel Strength (without lever arm)

VRk,s [kN] gM,s VRd,s [kN] VSd [kN]
35.000 1.250 28.000 2.290
4.2 Pryout Strength

Ac,N [mm2] A0c,N [mm2] ccr,N [mm] scr,N [mm] k-factor
64000 44100 105 210 2.200
ec1,V [mm] yec1,N ec2,V [mm] yec2,N ys,N yre,N
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000
N0Rk,c [kN] gM,c,p VRd,c1 [kN] VSd [kN]
35.981 1.500 75.491 4.580
4.3 Concrete edge failure in direction x+

lf [mm] dnom [mm] k1 a b
70 12 2.400 0.084 0.065
c1 [mm] Ac,V [mm2] A0c,V [mm2]
100 59250 45000
ys,V yh,V ya,V ec,V [mm] yec,V yre,V

0.970 1.000 1.000 0 1.000 1.000
V0Rk,c [kN] gM,c VRd,c [kN] VSd [kN]
23.733 1.500 20.207 4.580
5 Combined tension and shear loads (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.4)

bN bV a Utilization bN,V [%] Status
0.089 0.227 1.500 14 OK
a a
bN + bV <= 1
6 Displacements (highest loaded anchor)

Short term loading:
NSk = 1.067 [kN] dN = 0.011 [mm]
VSk = 1.696 [kN] dV = 0.314 [mm]
dNV = 0.314 [mm]
Long term loading:
NSk = 1.067 [kN] dN = 0.124 [mm]
VSk = 1.696 [kN] dV = 0.466 [mm]
dNV = 0.483 [mm]
Comments: Tension displacements are valid with half of the required installation torque moment for uncracked concrete! Shear displacements
are valid without friction between the concrete and the anchor plate! The gap due to the drilled hole and clearance hole tolerances are not
included in this calculation!
The acceptable anchor displacements depend on the fastened construction and must be defined by the designer!
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7 Warnings
• To avoid failure of the anchor plate the required thickness can be calculated in PROFIS Anchor. Load re-distributions on the anchors due to
elastic deformations of the anchor plate are not considered. The anchor plate is assumed to be sufficiently stiff, in order not to be deformed
when subjected to the loading!
• Checking the transfer of loads into the base material is required in accordance with ETAG 001, Annex C(2010)Section 7! The software
considers that the grout is installed under the anchor plate without creating air voids and before application of the loads.
• The design is only valid if the clearance hole in the fixture is not larger than the value given in Table 4.1 of ETAG 001, Annex C! For larger
diameters of the clearance hole see Chapter 1.1. of ETAG 001, Annex C!
• The accessory list in this report is for the information of the user only. In any case, the instructions for use provided with the product have to
be followed to ensure a proper installation.
Fastening meets the design criteria!
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8 Installation data
Anchor plate, steel: - Anchor type and diameter: HST, M12
Profile: Double flat bar; 110 x 36 x 6 mm Installation torque: 0.060 kNm
Hole diameter in the fixture: df = 14 mm Hole diameter in the base material: 12 mm
Plate thickness (input): 8 mm Hole depth in the base material: 95 mm
Recommended plate thickness: not calculated Minimum thickness of the base material: 140 mm
Cleaning: Manual cleaning of the drilled hole according to instructions for use is required.
8.1 Required accessories
Drilling Cleaning Setting

• Suitable Rotary Hammer • Manual blow-out pump • Torque wrench
• Properly sized drill bit • Hammer
y
55 55
25
2
80
110
x
80
1
25
55 55
Coordinates Anchor [mm]

Anchor x y c-x c+x c-y c+y
1 0 -55 100 100 135 -
2 0 55 100 100 245 -
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9 Remarks; Your Cooperation Duties

• Any and all information and data contained in the Software concern solely the use of Hilti products and are based on the principles, formulas
and security regulations in accordance with Hilti's technical directions and operating, mounting and assembly instructions, etc., that must be
strictly complied with by the user. All figures contained therein are average figures, and therefore use-specific tests are to be conducted
prior to using the relevant Hilti product. The results of the calculations carried out by means of the Software are based essentially on the
data you put in. Therefore, you bear the sole responsibility for the absence of errors, the completeness and the relevance of the data to be
put in by you. Moreover, you bear sole responsibility for having the results of the calculation checked and cleared by an expert, particularly
with regard to compliance with applicable norms and permits, prior to using them for your specific facility. The Software serves only as an
aid to interpret norms and permits without any guarantee as to the absence of errors, the correctness and the relevance of the results or
suitability for a specific application.
• You must take all necessary and reasonable steps to prevent or limit damage caused by the Software. In particular, you must arrange for
the regular backup of programs and data and, if applicable, carry out the updates of the Software offered by Hilti on a regular basis. If you do
not use the AutoUpdate function of the Software, you must ensure that you are using the current and thus up-to-date version of the Software
in each case by carrying out manual updates via the Hilti Website. Hilti will not be liable for consequences, such as the recovery of lost or
damaged data or programs, arising from a culpable breach of duty by you.
of Hilti AG,
M10 SS BOLT (Dead
hole at Bottom and
Slotted hole at top)
M12 ANCHOR BOLT
6MM THICK
ALUMINIUM BRACKET
Page 60
SUPPORT REACTIONS (CRITICAL VALUE FROM MULLION ANALYSIS OF ALL TYPES)
Support reaction due Wind suction FZ= 3.053 kN

2
Page 61
pf = 0.5 (U+Y) or 1.2 x Y = 540 Mpa
For bolts K1 = 0.85
Bearing check
For df/t < 10 c= 2
OR BRP = 10.50 kN
Page 62
CHECK FOR FIN PORTION OF ALUMINIUM BRACKET (6MM THICK)
So bending moment about X axis Mx=FZ* e= 0.18 kN-m

2
Area of cross-section A=d*t= 660 mm
Section modulus about major axis Zx=td2/6 12100.0 mm

3
Factored Tensile stress Q1=1.2*FY/A= 3.8 Mpa
So the fin portion of aluminium bracket is structurally adequate
Page 63
CHECK FOR BASE PLATE PART OF ALUMINIUM BRACKET (6MM)
Tension on bolt due to Mx T= Mx/(d/2)= 3.33 kN
So bending moment on base plate Mz=T*ex= 0.180 kN-m
Section modulus about Y axis Zz=d*t2/4 990 mm

3
Factored Bending stress Q=1.2Mz/Zz= 218.00 Mpa
So the base plate portion of aluminium bracket is structurally adequate
Factored compression Z=1.35FY= 2.86 kN
Factored shear X=1.5FZ= 4.58 kN
Anchor bolt considered in design - HILTI HST M12
Page 64
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Specifier: Project:
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1 Input data
Material:
Issued I Valid: 6/17/2011 | 2/19/2013
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Load case: Design loads
y2
Anchor Tension force Shear force Shear force x Shear force y Tension
1 1.251 6.878 6.878 0.000
2 1.659 2.298 -2.298 0.000 x
max. concrete compressive stress: 3.58 [N/mm2] 1 Compression
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(47/-28): 5.770 [kN]

3.1 Steel Strength

45.000 1.500 30.000 1.659

20.000 1.217 1.500 16.221 1.659

62000 44100 105 210
0 1.000 7 0.937 0.986 1.000 10.100
35.981 1.500 31.161 2.910

62000 44100 105 210 1.472
0 1.000 7 0.937 0.986 1.000 10.100
35.981 1.500 45.866 2.910
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Pryout Strength* 6.878 36.566 19 OK

35.000 1.250 28.000 6.878
4.2 Pryout Strength

31000 44100 105 210 2.200
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000
35.981 1.500 36.566 6.878

70 12 2.400 0.084 0.065
100 60000 45000

1.000 1.000 1.000 50 0.750 1.000
23.733 1.500 15.822 6.878

0.102 0.435 1.500 32 OK
a a
bN + bV <= 1

Short term loading:
NSk = 0.927 [kN] dN = 0.010 [mm]
VSk = 5.095 [kN] dV = 0.943 [mm]
dNV = 0.943 [mm]
Long term loading:
NSk = 0.927 [kN] dN = 0.107 [mm]
VSk = 5.095 [kN] dV = 1.401 [mm]
dNV = 1.405 [mm]
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7 Warnings
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8 Installation data

y
55 55
32
2
100
100
1
82
100
68
55 55

1 0 -32 100 100 158 -
2 0 68 100 100 258 -
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M10 SS BOLT
M12 ANCHOR
BOLT
6MM THICK
STEEL FIN PLATE
8MM THICK STEEL

BASE PLATE
Page 71
SUPPORT REACTIONS (FROM FRAME ANALYSIS)
Support reaction due Wind load FZ= 6.18 kN

2
Page 72
pf = 0.5 (U+Y) or 1.2 x Y = 540 Mpa
For bolts K1 = 0.85
Bearing check
For df/t < 10 c= 2
OR BRP = 10.50 kN
Page 73
CHECK FOR FIN PORTION OF STEEL BRACKET (6MM THICK)
So bending moment about X axis Mx=FY* e= 0.22 kN-m

2
Area of cross-section (2plates) A=2*d*t= 1440 mm
Section modulus about major axis (2 plates) Zx=2*td2/6 28800.0 mm

3
Factored Tensile stress Q1=1.4*FZ/A= 6.0 Mpa
Design strength of steel (s275) P= 275 Mpa
So the fin portion of steel bracket is structurally adequate
CHECK FOR BASE PLATE PART OF STEEL BRACKET (8MM)
Page 74
Direct tension per bolt T1=FZ/2= 3.0885 kN
Tension on single bolt due to Mx T2= Mx/(d/2)= 3.61 kN
Total tension per bolt T=T1+T2= 6.70 kN
So bending moment on base plate My=T*ex= 0.214 kN-m
Section modulus about minor axis Zy=d*t2/4 1920 mm

3
Factored Bending stress Q=1.4*My/Zy= 156.38 Mpa
Deisgn strength of steel(s275) P= 275 Mpa
So the base plate portion of steel bracket is structurally adequate
Factored shear per bolt Z=1.35FY= 2.52 kN
Factored tension X=1.5FZ= 9.27 kN
Anchor bolt considered in design - HILTI HST M12 .
Page 75
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1 Input data
Material:
Issued I Valid: 6/17/2011 | 2/19/2013
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Load case: Design loads 2
y
Anchor Tension force Shear force Shear force x Shear force y
1 7.114 1.260 1.260 0.000
2 7.114 1.260 1.260 0.000 x
Tension Compression
max. concrete compressive stress: 4.58 [N/mm2]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(58/0): 4.958 [kN]

3.1 Steel Strength

45.000 1.500 30.000 7.114

20.000 1.217 1.500 16.221 7.114

68000 44100 105 210
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000 10.100
35.981 1.500 36.459 14.228

68000 44100 105 210 1.472
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000 10.100
35.981 1.500 53.663 14.228
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Pryout Strength** 2.520 80.209 4 OK

35.000 1.250 28.000 1.260
4.2 Pryout Strength

68000 44100 105 210 2.200
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 1.000
35.981 1.500 80.209 2.520

70 12 2.400 0.084 0.065
100 60750 45000

0.950 1.000 1.000 0 1.000 1.000
23.733 1.500 20.291 2.520

0.439 0.124 1.500 34 OK
a a
bN + bV <= 1

Short term loading:
NSk = 5.270 [kN] dN = 0.055 [mm]
VSk = 0.933 [kN] dV = 0.173 [mm]
dNV = 0.181 [mm]
Long term loading:
NSk = 5.270 [kN] dN = 0.610 [mm]
VSk = 0.933 [kN] dV = 0.257 [mm]
dNV = 0.662 [mm]
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7 Warnings
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8 Installation data

y
63 63
25
2
90
130
x
90
1
25
63 63

1 0 -65 100 100 125 -
2 0 65 100 100 255 -
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CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES
Page 82
An American National Standard
Designation: E 1300 – 02
Standard Practice for

Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope measurements to SI units refer to SI 10.

1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine the load 1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculating
resistance of specified glass types, including combinations of the mandatory type factors in Tables 1-3 and comments on
glass types used in a sealed insulating glass unit, exposed to a their conservative values.
uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specified 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
probability of breakage. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing in responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
buildings for which the specified design loads consist of wind priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load, snow load and self-weight with a total combined magni- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tude less than or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf). This practice shall 2. Referenced Documents
not apply to other applications including, but not limited to,
balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glass 2.1 ASTM Standards:
members and glass shelves. C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass2
1.3 This practice applies only to monolithic, laminated, or C 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass-Kind HS,
insulating glass constructions of rectangular shape with con- Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass2
tinuous lateral support along one, two, three or four edges. This C 1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat
practice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges for two, Glass2
three and four sided support conditions are simply supported E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions3
and free to slip in plane (2) glass supported on two sides acts SI 10 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
as a simply supported beam, and (3) glass supported on one (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)4
side acts as a cantilever. 3. Terminology
1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired,
patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched or grooved 3.1 Definitions:
glass with surface and edge treatments that alter the glass 3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E 631 for additional terms used
strength. in this practice.
1.5 This practice addresses only the determination of the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
resistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thickness 3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), n—for glass simply supported on
and type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of other four sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to the
factors (see 5.3). short dimension of the glass is always equal to or greater than
1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determine 1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides, the ratio of the
approximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1 length of one of the supported edges perpendicular to the free
and Appendix X2 provide additional procedures to determine edge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or greater than
maximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on four 0.5.
sides. Appendix X3 presents a procedure to compute approxi- 3.2.2 glass breakage, n—the fracture of any lite or ply in
mate probability of breakage for annealed monolithic glass monolithic, laminated, or insulating glass.
lites simply supported on four sides. 3.2.3 Glass Thickness:
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.2.3.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, n—a
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information term that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass as
only. For conversion of quantities in various systems of specified in Table 4 and Specification C 1036.
3.2.3.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG),
n—a term used to specify a LG construction based on the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on
2
Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
3
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
4
published as E 1300 – 89. Last previous edition E 1300 – 00. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Page
1 83
E 1300 – 02
TABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite of compression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edge
Monolithic or Laminated Glass compression not less than 67 MPa (9 700 psi) as defined in
GTF Specification C 1048.
Glass Type Short Duration Load Long Duration Load 3.2.4.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
AN 1.0 0.5 glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a
HS 2.0 1.3 special heat treatment process where the residual surface
FT 4.0 3.0
compression is not less than 24 MPa (3 500 psi) or greater than
52 MPa (7 500 psi) as defined in Specification C 1048.
TABLE 2 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG), 3.2.4.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, n—any combination of
Short Duration Load two glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air or
Lite No. 2 other gas.
Lite No. 1 Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass Type 3.2.4.5 laminated glass (LG), n—a flat lite of uniform
Monolithic Glass or
Laminated Glass Type
AN HS FT thickness consisting of two monolithic glass plies bonded
GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 together with an interlayer material as defined in Specification
AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8 C 1172. Discussion—Many different interlayer materials are
HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8 used in laminated glass. The information in this practice
FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6
applies only to polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayers.
3.2.5 glass type (GT) factor, n—a multiplying factor for
TABLE 3 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG), adjusting the load resistance of different glass types, that is,
Long Duration Load annealed, heat-strengthened, or fully tempered in monolithic,
Lite No. 2 LG or IG constructions.
Lite No. 1 Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass Type 3.2.6 lateral, adj—perpendicular to the glass surface.
Monolithic Glass or
Laminated Glass Type
AN HS FT 3.2.7 load, n—a uniformly distributed lateral pressure.
GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 3.2.7.1 specified design load, n—the magnitude in kPa
AN 0.45 0.45 0.5 1.25 0.5 2.85 (psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of the
HS 1.25 0.5 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85 load given by the specifying authority.
FT 2.85 0.5 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85
3.2.7.2 load resistance (LR), n—the uniform lateral load
that a glass construction can sustain based upon a given
TABLE 4 Minimum Glass Thicknesses probability of breakage and load duration.
Nominal (a) Discussion—Multiplying the non-factored load from
Minimum
Thickness or
Thickness
figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share (LS)
Designation factors gives the load resistance associated with a breakage
mm (in.)
mm (in.)
probability less than or equal to 8 lites per 1 000.
2.5 (3⁄32) 2.16(0.085)
2.7 (lami) 2.59(0.102) 3.2.7.3 long duration load, n—any load lasting approxi-
3.0 (1⁄8) 2.92 ( 0.115) mately 30 days. Discussion—For loads having durations other
4.0 (5⁄32) 3.78 ( 0.149) than 3 s or 30 days, refer to Table X6.1.
5.0 (3⁄16) 4.57(0.180)
6.0 (1⁄4) 5.56(0.219) 3.2.7.4 non-factored load (NFL), n—three second duration
8.0 (5⁄16) 7.42(0.292) uniform load associated with a probability of breakage less
10.0 (3⁄8) 9.02(0.355)
12.0 (1⁄2) 11.91(0.469)
than or equal to 8 lites per 1 000 for monolithic annealed glass
16.0 (5⁄8) 15.09(0.595) as determined from the figures in Annex A1.
19.0 (3⁄4) 18.26(0.719) 3.2.7.5 glass weight load, n—the dead load component of
22.0 (7⁄8) 21.44(0.844)
the glass weight.
3.2.7.6 short duration load, n—any load lasting 3 s or less.
combined thicknesses of component plies. 3.2.8 load share (LS) factor, n—a multiplying factor de-
(a) Add the minimum thicknesses of the two glass plies and rived from the load sharing between the two lites, of equal or
the interlayer thickness. For interlayer thicknesses greater than different thicknesses and types (including the layered behavior
1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) in the calculation. of laminated glass under long duration loads), in a sealed IG
(b) Select the monolithic thickness designation in Table 4 unit.
having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or less 3.2.8.1 Discussion—The LS factor is used along with the
than the value obtained in 3.2.3.2(a). glass type factor (GTF) and the non-factored load (NFL) value
3.2.4 Glass Types: from the non-factored load charts to give the load resistance of
3.2.4.1 annealed (AN) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, glass lite the IG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specific
of uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses are lite only.
nearly zero as defined in Specification C 1036. 3.2.9 probability of breakage (Pb), n—the fraction of glass
3.2.4.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, lites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of a
glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a specified load and duration, typically expressed in lites per
special heat treatment process where the residual surface 1 000.
2 Page 84
E 1300 – 02
3.2.10 specifying authority, n—the design professional re- 6. Procedure
sponsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authorities 6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construction for
having jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specific load-resistance evaluation.
factors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate the 6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-
specified design load, and furnishing other information re- tinuously Along Four Sides:
quired to perform this practice.
6.2.1 Determine the non-factored load (NFL) from the
4. Summary of Practice appropriate chart in Annex A1 (the upper charts of Figs
4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load, A1.1–A1.12) for the glass thickness and size.
the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required, 6.2.2 Determine the glass type factor (GTF) for the appro-
and a statement, or details, showing that the glass edge support priate glass type and load duration (short or long) from Table
system meets the stiffness requirement in 5.2.4. 1 or Table 2.
4.2 The procedure specified in this practice shall be used to 6.2.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the load resistance (LR)
determine the uniform lateral load resistance of glass in of the lite.
buildings. If the load resistance is less than the specified load, 6.2.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center
then other glass types and thicknesses may be evaluated to find of glass) deflection from the appropriate chart in Annex A1 (the
a suitable assembly having load resistance equal to or exceed- lower charts of Figs. A1.1–A1.12) for the designated glass
ing the specified design load. thickness, size, and design load. If the maximum lateral
4.3 The charts presented in this practice shall be used to deflection falls outside the charts in Annex A1, then use the
determine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection. procedures outlined in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.
Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 present two additional proce- 6.3 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-
dures to determine the approximate maximum lateral deflection tinuously Along Three Sides:
for a specified load on glass simply supported on four sides. 6.3.1 Determine the non-factored load (NFL) from the
4.4 An optional procedure for determining the probability of appropriate chart in Annex A1 (the upper charts of Figs.
breakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X3. A1.13–A1.24) for for the designated glass thickness and size.
5. Significance and Use 6.3.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and
5.1 This practice is used to determine the load resistance of load duration (short or long) from Table 1 or Table 2.
specified glass types and constructions exposed to uniform 6.3.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.
lateral loads. 6.3.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center
5.2 Use of this practice assumes: of unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart in
5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly Annex A1 (the lower charts in Figs A1.13–A1.24) for the
glazed, designated glass thickness, size, and design load.
5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse, 6.4 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-
5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass tinuously Along Two Opposite Sides:
that has been in service for several years, and is weaker than 6.4.1 Determine the NFL from the upper chart of Fig. A1.25
freshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposed for the designated glass thickness and length of unsupported
surfaces, edges.
5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff to 6.4.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and
limit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to no load duration (short or long) from Table 1 or Table 2.
more than 1⁄175 of their lengths. The specified design load shall 6.4.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.
be used for this calculation. 6.4.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center
5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not result in loss of of an unsupported edge) deflection from the lower chart of Fig.
edge support. A1.25 for the designated glass thickness, length of unsupported
NOTE 1—This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glass edge, and design load.
deflection. 6.5 For Monolithic Single Glazing Continuously Supported
5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type and Along One Edge (Cantilever):
thickness selection. These factors include but are not limited 6.5.1 Determine the NFL from the upper chart of Fig. A1.26
to: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass, for the designated glass thickness and length of unsupported
the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behavior edges that are perpendicular to the supported edge.
of glass fragments after breakage, seismic effects, heat flow, 6.5.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and
edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage conse- load duration (short or long) from Table 1 or Table 2.
quences, etc. In addition, considerations set forth in building 6.5.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.
codes along with criteria presented in safety glazing standards 6.5.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (free
and site specific concerns may control the ultimate glass type edge opposite the supported edge) deflection from the lower
and thickness selection. chart of Fig. A1.26 for the designated glass thickness, length of
5.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard, unsupported edges, and design load.
the design professional shall use engineering analysis and 6.6 For Single-glazed Laminated Glass Constructed with a
judgment to determine the load resistance of glass in buildings. PVB Interlayer Simply Supported Continuously Along Four
Page
3 85
E 1300 – 02
Sides where In-Service LG Temperatures do not exceed 50 °C 6.8.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center
(122 °F): of an unsupported edge) deflection from the lower chart of Fig.
6.6.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart (the A1.41 for the designated glass thickness, length of unsupported
upper charts of Figs A1.27–A1.33) for the designated glass edge, and design load.
thickness. 6.9 For Laminated Single Glazing Continuously Supported
6.6.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type, load Along One Edge (Cantilever) where In-Service LG Tempera-
duration (short or long) from Table 1. tures do not exceed 50 °C (122 °F):
6.6.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the laminated 6.9.1 Determine the NFL from the upper chart of Fig. A1.42
lite. for the designated glass thickness and length of unsupported
6.6.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center edges that are perpendicular to the supported edge.
of glass) deflection from the appropriate chart (the lower charts 6.9.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and
of Figs. A1.27-A1.33) for the designated glass thickness, size, load duration (short or long) from Table 1.
and design load. If the maximum lateral deflection falls outside 6.9.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the laminated
the charts in Annex A1, then use the procedures outlined in lite.
Appendix X1 and Appendix X2. 6.9.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (free
6.7 For Laminated Single Glazing Simply Supported Con- edge opposite the supported edge) deflection from the lower
tinuously Along Three Sides where In-Service LG Temperatures chart of Fig. A1.42 for the designated glass thickness, length of
do not exceed 50 °C (122 °F): unsupported edges, and design load.
6.7.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart (the 6.10 For Insulating Glass (IG) with Monolithic Glass Lites
upper charts of Figs. A1.34–A1.40) for the designated glass of Equal (Symmetric) or Different (Asymmetric) Glass Type
thickness and size equal to the laminated glass thickness. and Thickness Simply Supported Continuously Along Four
6.7.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and Sides:
load duration (short or long) from Table 1. 6.10.1 Determine the NFL1 for lite No. 1 and NFL2 for lite
6.7.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the laminated No. 2 from the the upper charts of Figs. A1.1–A1.12. (See
lite. Annex A2 for examples.)
6.7.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (center NOTE 2—Lite Nos. 1 or 2 can represent either the outward or inward
of unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart (the facing lite of the IG unit.
lower charts of Figs. A1.34–A1.40) for the designated glass
6.10.2 Determine the GTF1 for lite No.1 and GTF2 for lite
thickness, size, and design load.
2 from Table 2 or Table 3, for the relevant glass type and load
6.8 For Laminated Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-
duration.
tinuously Along Two Opposite Sides where In-Service LG
6.10.3 Determine the LSF1 for lite No.1 and LSF2 for lite 2
Temperatures do not exceed 50 °C (122 °F):
from Table 5, for the relevant lite thickness.
6.8.1 Determine the NFL from the upper chart of Fig. A1.41
6.10.4 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LSF for each lite to
for the designated glass thickness and length of unsupported
determine LR1 for lite No.1 and LR2 for lite No.2 of the
edges.
insulating glass unit as follows:
6.8.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and
load duration (short or long) from Table 1. LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2
6.8.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the laminated 6.10.5 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lower of the
lite. two values, LR1 and LR2.
TABLE 5 Load Share (LS) Factors for Insulating Glass (IG) Units
NOTE 1—Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Monolithic glass, short or long duration load, or Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated
glass, short duration load only, or Lite No. 1 Laminated Glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated Glass, short or long duration load.
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Monolithic Glass Monolithic Glass, Short or Long Duration Load or Laminated Glass, Short Duration Load Only
Nominal 2.5 2.7 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 19
Thickness (3⁄32) (lami) (1⁄8) (5⁄32) (3⁄16) (1⁄4) (5⁄16) (3⁄8) (1⁄2) (5⁄8) (3⁄4)
mm ( in.) LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2
2.5 (3⁄32) 2.00 2.00 2.73 1.58 3.48 1.40 6.39 1.19 10.5 1.11 18.1 1.06 41.5 1.02 73.8 1.01 169. 1.01 344. 1.00 606. 1.00
2.7 (lami) 1.58 2.73 2.00 2.00 2.43 1.70 4.12 1.32 6.50 1.18 10.9 1.10 24.5 1.04 43.2 1.02 98.2 1.01 199. 1.01 351. 1.00
3 (1⁄8) 1.40 3.48 1.70 2.43 2.00 2.00 3.18 1.46 4.83 1.26 7.91 1.14 17.4 1.06 30.4 1.03 68.8 1.01 140. 1.01 245. 1.00
4 (5⁄32) 1.19 6.39 1.32 4.12 1.46 3.18 2.00 2.00 2.76 1.57 4.18 1.31 8.53 1.13 14.5 1.07 32.2 1.03 64.7 1.02 113. 1.01
5 (3⁄16) 1.11 10.5 1.18 6.50 1.26 4.83 1.57 2.76 2.00 2.00 2.80 1.56 5.27 1.23 8.67 1.13 18.7 1.06 37.1 1.03 64.7 1.02
6 (1⁄4) 1.06 18.1 1.10 10.9 1.14 7.91 1.31 4.18 1.56 2.80 2.00 2.00 3.37 1.42 5.26 1.23 10.8 1.10 21.1 1.05 36.4 1.03
8 (5⁄16) 1.02 41.5 1.04 24.5 1.06 17.4 1.13 8.53 1.23 5.27 1.42 3.37 2.00 2.00 2.80 1.56 5.14 1.24 9.46 1.12 15.9 1.07
10 (3⁄8) 1.01 73.8 1.02 43.2 1.03 30.4 1.07 14.5 1.13 8.67 1.23 5.26 1.56 2.80 2.00 2.00 3.31 1.43 5.71 1.21 9.31 1.12
12 (1⁄2) 1.01 169. 1.01 98.2 1.01 68.8 1.03 32.2 1.06 18.7 1.10 10.8 1.24 5.14 1.43 3.31 2.00 2.00 3.04 1.49 4.60 1.28
16 (5⁄8) 1.00 344. 1.01 199. 1.01 140. 1.02 64.7 1.03 37.1 1.05 21.1 1.12 9.46 1.21 5.71 1.49 3.04 2.00 2.00 2.76 1.57
19 (3⁄4) 1.00 606. 1.00 351. 1.00 245. 1.01 113. 1.02 64.7 1.03 36.4 1.07 15.9 1.12 9.31 1.28 4.60 1.57 2.76 2.00 2.00
4 Page 86
E 1300 – 02
6.11 For Insulating Glass (IG) with One Monolithic Lite a lesser load resistance than under the layered behavior of long duration
and One Laminated Lite Under Short Duration Load: loads.
6.11.1 Determine the NFL for each lite from the upper 6.13.2 Determine the values for the NFL1 for Lite No.1 and
charts of Figs. A1.1–A1.12 and A1.27–A1.33. NFL2 for lite No. 2 from the upper charts of Figs. A1.1–A1.12
6.11.2 Determine the GTF1 for lite No.1 and GTF2 for lite and A1.27–A1.33 (see Annex A2 for examples).
No 2 from Table 2. 6.13.3 Determine GTF1 for lite No.1 and GTF2 for lite No.
6.11.3 Determine LS1 for lite No. 1 and LS2 for lite No. 2, 2) from Table 3 for the relevant glass type.
from Table 5. 6.13.4 Determine LS1 for lite No. 1and LS2 for lite No. 2
6.11.4 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LS for each lite to from Table 6 for the relevant lite thickness.
determine LR1 for lite No. 1 and LR2 for lite No.2 of the 6.13.5 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LS for each lite to
insulating glass unit as follows: determine LR1 for lite No.1 and LR2 for lite No. 2 of the
LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2 insulating glass unit, based on the long duration load resistance
6.11.5 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lower of the of each lite, as follows:
two calculated LR values. LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2
6.12 For Insulating Glass with Laminated Glass over Lami- 6.13.6 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lowest of the
nated Glass Under Short Duration Load: four calculated LR values LR1 and LR2 for short duration
6.12.1 Determine the NFL1 for lite No.1 and NFL2 for lite loads from 6.11.4 and LR1 and LR2 for long duration loads
2 from the upper charts of Figs. A1.27–A1.33. (See Annex A2 from 6.13.5.
for examples.) 6.14 For Insulating Glass with Laminated Glass over Lami-
6.12.2 For each lite, determine GTF1 for lite No.1 and nated Glass Under Long Duration Load:
GTF2 for lite No. 2 from Table 2. 6.14.1 The load resistance of each lite must first be calcu-
6.12.3 For each lite, determine the LSF1 for lite No.1 and lated for that load acting for a short duration as in 6.12, and
LSF2 for lite No. 2 from Table 5. then for the same load acting for a long duration as given in
6.12.4 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LS for each lite to 6.14.2-6.14.5.
determine LR1 for lite No. 1 and LR2 for lite No.2 of the 6.14.2 Determine NFL1 for lite No.1 and NFL2 for lite No.
insulating glass unit as follows: 2 from the upper charts of Figs A1.1–A1.12 and A1.27–A1.33
LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2 (see Annex A2 for examples).
6.12.5 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lower of the 6.14.3 Determine the GTF1 for lite No. 1 and GTF2 for lite
two calculated LR values. No. 2 from Table 3.
6.13 For Insulating Glass (IG) with One Monolithic Lite 6.14.4 Determine LS1 for lite No. 1 and LS2 for lite No. 2
and One Laminated Lite, Under Long Duration Load: from Table 5.
6.13.1 The load resistance of each lite must first be calcu- 6.14.5 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LS for each lite to
lated for that load acting for a short duration as in 6.11, and determine the load resistances (LR1 and LR2 for lites Nos. 1
then for the same load acting for a long duration as given in and 2) of the insulating glass unit, based on the long duration
6.13.2-6.13.5. load resistance of each lite, as follows:
LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2
NOTE 3—There are some combinations of IG with laminated glass
where its monolithic-like behavior under a short duration load gives the IG 6.14.6 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lowest of the
TABLE 6 Load Share (LS) Factors for IG Units
NOTE 1—Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated glass, long duration load only.
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Monolithic Glass Laminated Glass

Nominal 5 6 8 10 12 16 19
Thickness (3⁄16) (1⁄4) (5⁄16) (3⁄8) (1⁄2) (5⁄8) (3⁄4)
mm ( in.) LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2
2.5 (3⁄32) 3.00 1.50 4.45 1.29 11.8 1.09 20.0 1.05 35.2 1.03 82.1 1.01 147 1.01
2.7 (lami) 2.16 1.86 3.00 1.50 7.24 1.16 12.0 1.09 20.8 1.05 48.0 1.02 85.5 1.01
3 (1⁄8) 1.81 2.24 2.39 1.72 5.35 1.23 8.68 1.13 14.8 1.07 33.8 1.03 60.0 1.02
4 (5⁄32) 1.37 3.69 1.64 2.56 3.00 1.50 4.53 1.28 7.34 1.16 16.1 1.07 28.1 1.04
5 (3⁄16) 1.21 5.75 1.36 3.75 2.13 1.88 3.00 1.50 4.60 1.28 9.54 1.12 16.4 1.07
6 (1⁄4) 1.12 9.55 1.20 5.96 1.63 2.59 2.11 1.90 3.00 1.50 5.74 1.21 9.54 1.12
8 (5⁄16) 1.05 21.3 1.09 12.8 1.27 4.76 1.47 3.13 1.84 2.19 3.00 1.50 4.60 1.28
10 (3⁄8) 1.03 37.4 1.05 22.1 1.15 7.76 1.26 4.83 1.47 3.13 2.11 1.90 3.00 1.50
12 (1⁄2) 1.01 85.0 1.02 49.7 1.06 16.6 1.11 9.84 1.20 5.92 1.48 3.07 1.87 2.15
16 (5⁄8) 1.01 172 1.01 100 1.03 32.8 1.06 19.0 1.10 11.0 1.24 5.23 1.43 3.35
19 (3⁄4) 1.00 304 1.01 176 1.02 57.2 1.03 32.8 1.06 18.7 1.13 8.46 1.24 5.15
22 (7⁄8) 1.00 440 1.00 256 1.01 82.5 1.02 47.2 1.04 26.7 1.09 11.8 1.17 7.02
Page
5 87
E 1300 – 02
FIG. A1.6 (upper chart) Nonfactored Load Chart for 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
(lower chart) Deflection Chart for 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
12Page 88
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Structural Calculation Curtain Wall

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STRUCTURAL CALCULATION

CHAPTER 2: WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION 11

CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON GLASS 15

CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR ALUMINIUM MULLION 19

CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR ALUMINIUM TRANSOM 33

CHAPTER 6:DESIGN OF BRACKETS 48

SL.NO CODE NAME FOR DESCRIPTION

4 ASCE‐7 Wind American standard for wind

Density 2710 Kg/m3

Modulus of rigidity 26600 N/mm2

Bending strength (Alloy 6063 T6) 160 N/mm2

Density 2500 Kg/m3

Allowable bending stress (Fully tempered) 93.1 N/mm2

Density 9850 Kg/m3

Design strength (S275) 275 N/mm2

Basic wind speed (3sec gust ) V= 45 m/s

Velocity pressure qz= 0.613*Kd*Kz*Kzt*I*V2

Wind directional factor Kd= 0.85 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.4.4 )

Importance factor I= 1 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.5 )

Topographic factor Kzt= 1 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.7.2 )

Gust effect factor G= 0.85 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.8 )

Design wind pressure P1= qz*GCpe1 - qz*GCPi2

Design wind suction P2= qz*GCpe2 - qz*GCPi1

Internal pressure coefficient(+ve) GCPi1= 0.18 (From ASCE 7 Clause 6.5.11.1 )

Internal pressure coefficient(-ve) GCPi2= -0.18

External pressure coefficient(-ve)

28mm THK. DOUBLE GLASS :

MAXIMUM PANEL SIZE - 2220X1990 MM

Maximum wind suction/pressure W= 0.9 Kpa

Maximum Glass size (Longer side ) a= 2200 mm

Maximum Glass size (Shorter side ) b= 1990 mm

CALCULATION USING ASTM E-1330-02

From Above table :2

Glass Type Factor GTF= 1.8

From Above table :5

Load share factor LS= 2

Non factored load NFL= 1.25 Kpa

So load capacity of double glass P=NFL*LS*GTF= 4.5 Kpa

Load acting on the glass W= 0.9 Kpa

Aspect Ratio AR =a/b= 1.11

Area of glass panel A= a*b= 4.38 m2

Maximum wind load in single glass w=W / LS 0.45 Kpa

Deflection on the galass d= 16.00 mm

Ratio of deflection to lmit d/dlim = 0.48 < 1

Hence the glass is safe against Deflection

SO 6MM+16MMAS+6MM DOUBLE GLASS IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE

FOR CURTAIN WALL

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM MULLION

PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM MULLION

Distance from N.A (Y-axis) to edge x= 25 mm

Distance from N.A (X-axis) to edge y= 70.1 mm

Effective Glass thickness (Max) tg= 12 mm

Effective module width w=(2215+1905)/2= 2.06 m

Dead load on the mullion W D = DL*w 0.62 kN/m

Win load on the mullion W L =WL*w 1.854 kN/m

STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF ALUMINIUM MULLION

Maximum Span of mullion L= 3490 mm

From STAAD PRO report (Provided in next page)

Maximum Bending moment (x axis) Mx= 3.016 kN-m

Maximum Deflection on mullion d= 19.35 mm

Bending Moment Check

Bending Stress on the mullion(x axis) Qmx=Mx/Zxx= 103.04 Mpa

Aluminium(6063-T6) Limiting stress Pm= 160/1.2= 133.33 Mpa

Velocity pressure qz= 0.613KdKzKztI*V2

Design wind pressure P1= qzGCpe1 - qzGCPi2

Design wind suction P2= qzGCpe2 - qzGCPi1

So load capacity of double glass P=NFLLSGTF= 4.5 Kpa

* END OF THE STAAD.Pro RUN *

DATE= APR 30,2017 TIME= 19:41:23