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This lecture will focus on the specification/design of power screws & ball screws.
Design of machine elements 2 / 26
Power Screws
17-2
Power Screws convert rotary motion to linear motion, exerting sufficient loading to
move a machine component as desired.
Power screws use the classic principle of a screw and mating nut.
Either the screw rotates and the nut Or the screw rotates, the nut is
(prevented from rotating) translates, fixed, and the rotating screw
translates.
Tensile/Compressive Failure
Faxial
σ=
Tensile Stress Area
Use the Tensile Stress Area (At ) from Tables 17-1,-1M or Equation 17-1.
For a more conservative (larger) σactual calculate area using minor diameter (Dr ).
Shear Failure
Faxial
τ=
Shear Stress Area
In terms of λ, the torque (Acme thread) to move against the load (up):
F · Dp h cosφ · tanλ + f i
Tup = · Equation 17-10
2 cosφ − f · tanλ
In terms of λ, the torque (Acme thread) to move with the load (down):
F · Dp h −cosφ · tanλ + f i
Tdown = · Equation 17-11
2 cosφ + f · tanλ
For self-locking power screws, Tup and Tdown will have opposite directions.
On well lubricated, steel threads, the typical coefficient of friction: f ∼ 0.15
If the screw or nut rotates & pushes against a non-rotating load surface, that frictional
torque adds to the required torque (Many jacks include a thrust bearing).
If f > tanλ then the load will not move, without an applied torque: ’self-locking’.
For f = 0.15, the lead angle λ = 8.5◦
Most single-thread power screws (λ′ s < 7◦ ) are self-locking.
F ·L
T′ =
2ω
T′ F ·L
epower −screw = = Equation 17-7
Tu 2πTu
The engineer must consider the following application parameters in the design of power
screws and ball screws:
Axial loads (F), dynamic and static
Rotational speed
End supports of screw or ball screw
Length of screw or ball screw
Expected Life
Environment
4,76 · 106 · d · Ks
nc = Equation 17-15
SF · L2
where,
d = minor diameter of screw
Ks = end support/fixity factor (see text)
SF = safety factor (see text)
L = screw length between supports
4,76 · 106 · d · Ks
nc = Equation 17-15
SF · L2
The engineer often must increase the natural bending frequency of the shaft to ensure
nc > 1,25 · n
Shorten the distance between supports
Increase rigidity/fixity of screw supports
Increase minor diameter of screw