name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr.

Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz

DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila

subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page A.1

FLEXURE: NOMINAL STRENGTH OF BEAM SECTIONS

ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Assignment #1
June 2017

ENGR. SHERWIN R. DOMINGUEZ, CE

PRC NO.: 122039
PTR NO.: A-3376564
DATE ISSUED: MARCH 2017
PLACE ISSUED: TAGUIG CITY
ADDRESS: NO.20-F CARNATION STREET, WAWA
TAGUIG CITY
MOBILE NO.: +63 995 30 93 824
EMAIL ADDRESS: sherwin_dominguez@dlsu.edu.ph

DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page A.2

Prepared Checked
Status Amendments Date
by by
0 First Issue 6/24/17 SRD RVMDC

DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page A.3

Table of Contents

Stress Block Models

Modified Hognestad Model 1
Todeschini Model 1
Torenfeldt, Tomaszewics, and Jensen Model 2

Relationship Between Reinforcement Ratio and Nominal Strength

Modified Hognestad Model
Sample Data 3
Graph 4
Formulation of Equilibium Equation 5

Todeschini Model
Sample Data 6
Graph 7
Formulation of Equilibium Equation 8

Equivalent Rectangular Stress Block

Sample Data 9
Graph 10
Formulation of Equilibium Equation 11

Comments 12
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 1

SAMPLE DATA
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 27.6 N/mm2 (4000psi)

ACI 318-14 modulus of elasticity (concrete), Ec = 4700√( 〖�′〗 _𝑐 ) 24691.78 N/mm 2

(19.2.2.1.b)
=

STRESS-STRAIN CURVES
Modified Hognestad Model:
reduced strength, fc'' = 0.9f'c = 24.84 N/mm2
limiting stress, 0.85fc'' = 21.11 N/mm2
limiting strain, εlim = 0.0038 mm/mm
strain, ε0 = 1.8fc"/Ec = 0.00181 mm/mm

Modified Hognestad
30.0

25.0

20.0
STRESS, fc

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035 0.0040
STRAIN, εc

Todeschini Model:
reduced strength, fc'' = 0.9f'c = 24.84 N/mm2
utimate strain, εult = 0.003 mm/mm
strain, ε0 = 1.71f'c/Ec = 0.00191 mm/mm

Todeschini
30.0

25.0

20.0
STRESS, fc

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035
STRAIN, ε
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 2

Torenfeldt, Tomaszewics, and Jensen Model:

curve-fitting factor, n = 0.8 + f'c/17.25 = 2.40
factor k (εc/ε0 ≤ 1.0) = 1.00
factor k (εc/ε0 > 1.0) = 0.6 + f'c/62.1 = 1.04
*strain, ε0 = (n/n-1)f'c/Ec = 0.00192 mm/mm

Torenfeldt, Tomaszewics, & Jensen

30.0

25.0

20.0
STRESS, fc

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035
STRAIN, ε
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 3

SAMPLE DATA:
beam properties:
beam width, b = 300 mm
beam depth, h = 500 mm
steel centroid to extreme tension fiber, d't = 60 mm (assumed)
beam effective depth, d = 440 mm

material properties:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 27.6 N/mm2 (4000psi)

steel yield strength, fy = 414.0 N/mm2 (grade 60)

Hognestad usable concrete strain, εcu = 0.0038 mm/mm
yielding strain in steel, εy = fy/Es = 0.00207 mm/mm
modulus of elasticity (steel), Es = 200000 N/mm2
ACI 318-14 modulus of elasticity (concrete), Ec = 4700√( 〖� 24691.78 N/mm2 (19.2.2.1.b)
′〗 _𝑐 ) =
reduced strength, fc'' = 0.9f'c = 24.84 N/mm2
strain, ε0 = 1.8fc"/Ec = 0.001811 mm/mm

Equilibrium equation:

(�𝜺_𝟎)/𝟑+[𝜺_𝒄𝒖−(𝟎.𝟏𝟓)/(𝜺_𝒄𝒖−𝜺_𝟎 ) ( 〖𝜺 _𝒄𝒖 〗 ^�/�−𝜺_𝒄𝒖 𝜺_𝟎−

〖𝜺 _𝟎 〗 ^�/�)−𝜺_𝟎 ]=( 〖𝝆𝜺〗 _𝒔 𝑬_𝒔)/𝒇𝒄" (𝜺_𝒄𝒖+𝜺_𝒔 )

*see formulation on page 5

εs fs Cbar,1 Cbar,2 Mn φMn

ρ φ
(mm/mm) (N/mm ) 2
(kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
ρmin 0.00338 0.00926 10930.66 67.72 117.08 0.900 78.96 71.06
0.00588 0.00665 5961.53 117.78 203.64 0.900 134.30 120.87
0.00838 0.00534 3956.69 167.84 290.20 0.900 187.07 168.36
0.01088 0.00452 2873.06 217.90 376.76 0.900 237.26 213.53
0.01338 0.00395 2194.32 267.97 463.31 0.900 284.88 256.39
0.01588 0.00352 1729.27 318.03 549.87 0.900 329.92 296.93
0.01838 0.00319 1390.71 368.09 636.43 0.900 372.39 335.15
0.02088 0.00292 1133.23 418.15 722.99 0.900 412.28 371.06
0.02338 0.00269 930.80 468.21 809.55 0.871 449.60 391.68
0.02588 0.00251 767.48 518.28 896.10 0.803 484.35 388.99
0.02838 0.00235 632.93 568.34 982.66 0.747 516.52 385.87
0.03088 0.00221 520.17 618.40 1069.22 0.700 546.11 382.32
ρbal 0.03367 0.00207 414.00 674.32 1165.91 0.656 576.13 377.84
0.03617 0.00196 392.56 686.87 1187.60 0.650 582.42 378.57
0.03867 0.00187 373.39 698.48 1207.68 0.650 588.10 382.26
0.04117 0.00178 356.14 709.28 1226.35 0.650 593.25 385.62
0.04367 0.00170 340.52 719.35 1243.76 0.650 597.96 388.67
0.04617 0.00163 326.30 728.76 1260.04 0.650 602.26 391.47
0.04867 0.00157 313.29 737.60 1275.31 0.650 606.21 394.04
0.05117 0.00151 301.34 745.90 1289.67 0.650 609.85 396.40
0.05367 0.00145 290.32 753.73 1303.20 0.650 613.22 398.59
0.05617 0.00140 280.12 761.12 1315.98 0.650 616.35 400.63
0.05867 0.00135 270.65 768.11 1328.07 0.650 619.25 402.51
2*ρbal 0.06117 0.00131 261.83 774.74 1339.54 0.650 621.96 404.27
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 4

Relationship between Reinforcement Ratio and Nominal Moment Strength

700.00
Nominal Moment Strength, kNm

600.00

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800
Reinforcement Ratio, ρ

Nomi na l Moment Reduced Nomi nal Moment

* relationship between ρ and values for Mn and φMn

 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 1 of 2

SAMPLE DATA:
beam properties:
beam width, b = 300 mm
beam depth, h = 500 mm
steel centroid to extreme tension fiber, d't = 60 mm (assumed)
beam effective depth, d = 440 mm

material properties:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 27.6 N/mm2 (4000psi)

steel yield strength, fy = 414.0 N/mm2 (grade 60)

Todeschini usable concrete strain, εcu = 0.0030 mm/mm
yielding strain in steel, εy = fy/Es = 0.00207 mm/mm
modulus of elasticity (steel), Es = 200000 N/mm2
ACI 318-14 modulus of elasticity (concrete), Ec = 4700√( 〖�′〗 _𝑐 ) =24691.78 N/mm2 (19.2.2.1.b)

reduced strength, fc'' = 0.9f'c = 24.84 N/mm2

strain, ε0 = 1.71fc"/Ec = 0.00172 mm/mm

Equilibrium equation:
𝜺_𝟎 𝒍𝒏[𝟏+(𝜺_𝒄𝒖/𝜺_𝟎 )^� ]=( 〖𝝆𝜺〗 _𝒔 𝑬_𝒔)/𝒇𝒄" (𝜺_𝒄𝒖+𝜺_𝒔 )

*see formulation on page

εs fs Cbar c Mn φMn
ρ φ
(mm/mm) (N/mm2) (kN) (mm) (kNm) (kNm)
ρmin 0.00338 0.03963 7925.24 184.80 30.97 0.900 78.85 70.96
0.00588 0.02151 4301.57 321.42 53.86 0.900 133.98 120.58
0.00838 0.01420 2839.58 458.04 76.75 0.900 186.41 167.77
0.01088 0.01025 2049.35 594.66 99.65 0.900 236.15 212.54
0.01338 0.00777 1554.39 731.28 122.54 0.900 283.21 254.88
0.01588 0.00608 1215.26 867.90 145.43 0.900 327.57 294.81
0.01838 0.00484 968.37 1004.52 168.33 0.887 369.23 327.44
0.02088 0.00390 780.61 1141.14 191.22 0.809 408.21 330.07
0.02338 0.00316 632.99 1277.76 214.11 0.747 444.50 332.07
0.02588 0.00257 513.89 1414.38 237.01 0.697 478.09 333.45
0.02843 0.00207 414.00 1553.71 260.36 0.656 509.58 334.20
0.03093 0.00195 389.83 1591.65 266.71 0.650 517.67 336.48
0.03343 0.00184 368.59 1626.56 272.56 0.650 524.93 341.20
0.03593 0.00175 349.75 1658.82 277.97 0.650 531.48 345.46
0.03843 0.00166 332.90 1688.78 282.99 0.650 537.43 349.33
0.04093 0.00159 317.73 1716.69 287.67 0.650 542.86 352.86
0.04343 0.00152 303.99 1742.78 292.04 0.650 547.83 356.09
0.04593 0.00146 291.48 1767.24 296.14 0.650 552.40 359.06
0.04843 0.00140 280.03 1790.23 299.99 0.650 556.62 361.80
0.05093 0.00135 269.51 1811.90 303.62 0.650 560.53 364.34
0.05343 0.00130 259.80 1832.36 307.05 0.650 564.15 366.70
0.05593 0.00125 250.81 1851.72 310.29 0.650 567.53 368.89
0.05686 0.00124 247.63 1858.67 311.46 0.650 568.73 369.67
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 1 of 2

Relationship between Reinforcement Ratio and Nominal Moment Strength

600.00
Nominal Moment Strength, kNm

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600
Reinforcement Ratio, ρ

Nomi nal Moment Reduced Nomi na l Moment

 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 1 of 2

SAMPLE DATA:
beam properties:
beam width, b = 300 mm
beam depth, h = 500 mm
steel centroid to extreme tension fiber, d't = 60 mm (assumed)
beam effective depth, d = 440 mm

material properties:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 27.6 N/mm2 (4000psi)

steel yield strength, fy = 414.0 N/mm 2

(grade 60)
ACI 318-14 usable concrete strain, εcu = 0.0030 mm/mm
yielding strain in steel, εy = fy/Es = 0.00207 mm/mm
modulus of elasticity (steel), Es = 200000 N/mm2

ACI 318-14 factor β1 = 0.85

𝜺_𝟎 𝒍𝒏[𝟏+(𝜺_𝒄𝒖/𝜺_𝟎 )^� ]=( 〖𝝆𝜺〗 _𝒔 𝑬_𝒔)/𝒇𝒄" (𝜺_𝒄𝒖+𝜺_𝒔 )

ρmin
εs fs Tbar c Mn φMn
ρ φ
(mm/mm) (N/mm )2
(kN) (mm) (kNm) (kNm)
0.00338 0.03973 7946.14 184.80 30.89 0.900 78.89 71.00
0.00588 0.02157 4313.59 321.42 53.73 0.900 134.09 120.68
0.00838 0.01424 2848.01 458.04 76.57 0.900 186.63 167.97
0.01088 0.01028 2055.85 594.66 99.40 0.900 236.53 212.88
0.01338 0.00780 1559.68 731.28 122.24 0.900 283.77 255.39
0.01588 0.00610 1219.71 867.90 145.08 0.900 328.36 295.53
ρbal 0.01838 0.00486 972.22 1004.52 167.92 0.888 370.30 328.99
0.02088 0.00392 783.99 1141.14 190.75 0.810 409.59 331.77
0.02338 0.00318 636.01 1277.76 213.59 0.748 446.22 333.93
0.02850 0.00207 414.00 1557.52 260.36 0.656 512.97 336.42
0.03100 0.00195 389.89 1595.46 266.70 0.650 521.16 338.76
0.03350 0.00184 368.69 1630.38 272.53 0.650 528.53 343.54
0.03600 0.00175 349.88 1662.66 277.93 0.650 535.18 347.87
0.03850 0.00167 333.06 1692.64 282.94 0.650 541.22 351.79
0.04100 0.00159 317.91 1720.57 287.61 0.650 546.74 355.38
0.04350 0.00152 304.19 1746.68 291.97 0.650 551.80 358.67
0.04600 0.00146 291.69 1771.17 296.07 0.650 556.45 361.69
0.04850 0.00140 280.25 1794.18 299.92 0.650 560.75 364.49
0.05700 0.00124 247.63 1863.23 311.46 0.650 573.19 372.57
 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 1 of 2

Relationship between Reinforcement Ratio and Nominal Moment Strength

700.00
Nominal Moment Strength, kNm

600.00

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600
Reinforcement Ratio, ρ

Nomi nal Moment Reduced Nomi na l Moment

 name: DOMINGUEZ, Sherwin R. faculty: Engr. Reinald Vincent Dela Cruz
DE LASALLE UNIVERSITY
program: MS-CE/ COE schedule: S/8:00-11:00/A905 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila

subject: CIV601M date: June 24, 2017 page 5