Ex: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 7 MPa, 600°C, and 80 m/s and

leaves at 50 kPa, 150°C, and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 6
MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam flowing through the
turbine (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine and(c) the increase in
entropy.

Sol:
P1=7 MPa, T1=600°C, Ve1=80 m/s
P2=50 kPa, T2=150°C, Ve2=140 m/s
W a  6 MW , m  ?, T  ?

  (h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2  z1 ) 

1
Q  W a  m
 2 
For adiabatic turbine, and negligible the change in potential energy
  (h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) 
1
 W a  m
 2 
W
 T  a
W s

State 1:

P1=7 MPa=7000 kPa, T1=600°C, Ve1=80 m/s

At Psat= P1=7000 kPa, Tsat=285.83 °C
Since T1> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h1=3650.6 kJ/kg, s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K

State 2:
P2=50 kPa, T2=150°C, Ve2=140 m/s
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, Tsat=81.32 °C
Since T2> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h2=2780.2 kJ/kg, s2=7.9413 kJ/kg.K

State 2s:
P2=50 kPa, s2s=s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, sg=7.5931 kJ/kg.K, sf=1.0912 kJ/kg.K
Since sf < s2s< sg, the steam is wet (liquid-vapor mixture)
s2s =sf +x2s (sfg)
7.091 = 1.0912 + x2s (6.5019), x2s =0.9227
h2s =hf+x2s (hfg)=340.54+0.9227(2304.7)=2467.08 kJ/kg
  (h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) 
1
 W a  m
 2 

  (2780.2 - 3650.6) + 
1
 6 *1000  m (140 2 - 80 2 ) 
 2000 
m  6.946 kg/s

  (h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 2 - Ve1 2 ) 

1
 W s  m
 2 

 1 2 
W s  - m  (h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 - Ve1 ) 
2

 2 
 1 
 6.946 2467.08  3650.6  (1402  802 )   8174.88 kW
 2000 

W 6000
T  a   0.734
Ws 8174.88

s  s2  s1  7.9413  7.091  0.8503 kJ / kg.K

Ex: Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at
a rate of 1.8 kg/s and exits at 600 kPa and 450 K. Neglecting the kinetic
energy changes, determine the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, the
power required and the change in entropy. Take k = 1.260 and Cp = 0.917
kJ/kg.K.

Sol:
P1=100 kPa, T1=300 K, m  1.8 kg / s
P2=600 kPa, T2=450 K
 c  ?, s  s2  s1  ?

h2 s  h1
c 
h2  h1

T2 s  T1
c 
T2  T1

  (h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2  z1 ) 

1
Q  W a  m
 2 

For adiabatic compressor and neglecting the change in potential and kinetic
energies, we get:

W a  m (h1 - h2 )
T 
s  s2  s1  s2  s2 s  C p ln  2 
 T2 s 
k 1
T2 s P
( 2) k
T1 P1
1.26 1
T2 s 600 1.26
( ) , T2s=434.202 K
300 100
T  T 434.202  300
c  2 s 1   0.895
T2  T1 450  300
W a  m
 (h1 - h2 )  m
 C p (T1 - T2 )  1.8 * 0.917(300 - 450)  -247.59 kW

T   450 
s  s2  s1  s2  s2 s  C p ln  2   0.917 ln    0.0327kJ / kg.K
 T2 s   434.202 