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Design of Bridge Structures: Preface and Contents

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 PREFACE
In writing a textbook on Design of Bridges, we have been fully aware of the excellent books on

the subject already on the market. In this instance, we have striven to fulfil four needs not

perhaps met by these existing works. One is of the civil engineering student ,who requires a

book that covers the subject upto, approximately, degree or diploma standard. The second is of

the student ,who needs the hydraulic aspects and structural design aspects of the bridge in one

cover. The third is of the student, who needs the bridge drawing in a greater detail. And fourth is

of the practicing engineers who need a ready reckoner on hydraulic and structural design aspects

of bridges.

With these requirements in mind, we have set out to discuss all the aspects normally included

under the subject by examining bodies of the most of the engineering institutes in India, The

book opens up with two sections viz., section I and section II.

Section –I deals with hydraulic design aspects of bridge. This section covers the importance of

hydraulic factors in the design of bridges, computation of peak flood flows, hydraulic geometry

of river channels, linear waterway, economic span and scour. Problems have been solved at the

end of each topic.

Section –II deals with structural design and drawing of Masonry arch bridge,Pipe culvert, Deck

slab bridge, Box culvert, T-beam bridge, Plate girder bridge and composit bridge. The designs

are made in strict compliance of various IRC codes. The designs are illustrated with figures and

at the end of each chapter, full-fledged drawing is appended. Further, other aspects like

design of substructures, foundations and bearings are also discussed.

At the end of each section Computer programs coded in C-language is finished.

 CONTENTS
Preface

Acknowledgements

SECTION-I : Hydraulic Design

Importance of hydraulic factors in the design of bridges

Computation of peak flood flow

Empirical methods

Envelop curves
Flood flows and catchment scale small catchments characteristics
Methods of analysis
Rational method

Runoff concentration

Concentration time

Concentration time formulae

Application of rational method

Composite catchments

Types of catchment response

Concentrated catchment
Superconcentrated catchment
Subconcentrated catchment

Midsize catchment

Characteristics
Methods of analysis
Runoff curve numbers
Unit hydrograph method
Preparation of unit hydrograph - direct method
Derivation of unit hydrograph from direct runoff hydrograph

Change in unit hydrograph duration

Super position method

S hydrograph method (sh)
Convolution and composite hydrographs

Large catchments

Frequency analysis of floods

Plotting positions
Curve fitting
Normal distribution
Lognormal distribution
Pearson distribution
Gumbel method
Indirect determination of peak discharge
Hydraulic geometry of river channels
Sand bed channels
Gravel bed channels
Cohesive bed channels
Effect of bridge on river regime

Linear water way

Steams with rigid boundaries

Quasi alluvial steams
Alluvial steams
Sand gravel and cohesive- soil beds
Economic span

Afflux

Scour

Derivation of equations for normal and maximum scour depths (alluvial and quasialluvial
streams)

Maximum scour depth

(local scour)

Local scour at bridge piers

Estimating local scour at non-cylindrical piers

Estimating local scour at pile groups
Questions and problems.
References

Appendix: Computer programes

SECTION-II : Structural Design

Chapter 1 : Design loads for Bridges.

1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Design Loads.

Chapter 2 : Masonry Arch Bridge

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Design Details.
2.3 Dimensioning of substructures.
Examples.
Example for practice.
Plate 1.
Plate 2.

Chapter 3 : Pipe Culverts

3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Flow patterns in pipeculvert.
3.3 Culvert alignment.
3.4 Culvert entrance structures.
3.5 Hydraulic design of pipe culvert.
3.6 Structural design of pipe culvert.
3.7 Classification of RCC pipes.
3.8 Reinforcement in pipes.
Examples.
Example for practice.
Plate. 3.

Chapter:4 Slab bridges

4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Wheel load on Slab
4.3 Effective width method.
4.4 Slab supported on two edges.
4.5 Cantilever Slab.
4.6 Dispersion length
Examples
Design problem
Plate 4.

Chapter 5: Box Culverts

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design method
Design Example
Example for practice

Chapter 6: Beam and Slab bridge

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design of Interior panel of slab.
6.3 Pigeauds method.
6.4 Design of longitudinal girders.
6.5 Guyon-Massonet method.
6.6 Hendry – Jaegar method.
6.7 Courbons method
Examples
Example for practice
 Plate 5.

Chapter 7: Plate Girder bridge

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Elements of plate girder and their design.
Design example.
Example for practice.
Plate.6

Chapter 8: Composite bridges

8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Composite action.
8.3 Shear connectors.
8.4 Design requirements of shear connectors.
8.5 Composite or transformed section
Design Example.
Example for practice.
Plate 7

Chapter 9: Substructures

9.1 Abutments
9.2 Types of Abutments.
9.3 Abutment stability analysis.
9.4 Piers.
9.5 Type of piers
9.6 Loads on piers.
9.7 Analysis of piers.
Examples.

Chapter 10: Bridge foundations

10.1 Types of foundations.

10.2 Well foundations
 10.3 Open well foundations
10.4 Well components and their functions.
10.5 Design of Well.
10.6 Pile foundation
10.7 Group of piles
10.8 Design of piles
Examples
Examples for practice.
Plate 8.

Chapter 11: Bearings and Expansion joints

11.1 Bearings
11.2 Forces on bearings
11.3 Types of bearings
11.4 Design of unreinforced elastomeric bearings
11.5 Basis for selection of bearings
Examples
11.6 Expansion joints
11.7 Closed joints
Examples for practice.

References

Appendix: Computer Programs on Design

1. Program for design of Pipe Culvert.

2. Program for design of Slab Culvert.
3. Program for design of box culvert.

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