Exercise

1. The typeface and font size should be a:

A. Serif typeface (e.g., Times New Roman) in a legible size (e.g., 12 pt)
B. Small, compressed serif typeface (e.g., Rockwell Condensed, 8 pt)
C. Large sans serif typeface (e.g., Arial, 14 pt)
D. Small sans serif font (e.g., Arial, 8 pt)

- Serif typeface: is a small line attached to the end of a stroke in a letter or symbol
- A typeface without serifs is called sans-serif or sans serif, from the Frenchsans, meaning "without".
- As per page 228 in the APA manual, the preferred typeface in APA Style is Times New Roman, 12 pt. A serif
typeface should be used for text; however, authors may use a sans serif typeface in figures (pp. 228-229)

2. Where does the running head appear in an essay?

A. In the bottom right footer
B. In the top left header
C. In the bottom left footer
D. In the top right header

3. Where do page numbers appear in an essay?

A. In the bottom right footer
B. In the bottom left footer
C. In the top left header
D. In the top right header

4. What is the correct line-spacing?

A. Single-spaced throughout, including block quotations and references
B. Single spaced throughout, but double-spaced between paragraphs
C. Double-spaced throughout, but block quotations and references can be single-spaced
D. Double-spaced throughout, including block quotations and references
(The only instance where single-spacing is acceptable is in tables or figures. In all other elements of an essay or
article, use double-spacing.)

5. The alignment of text should be:

A. Whatever the author prefers
B. Justified (the words are spread equally across the line so that every line of text ends at the right
margin)
C. Left-aligned with a ragged right edge (the text begins at the left margin and the spacing at the
right margin is uneven)
D. Right-aligned (the text begins at the right margin and the spacing at the left margin is uneven)

6. The first line of every new paragraph should be:

A. Left-aligned and indented one tab space (usually 0.5 inch or 1.27 cm)
B. Left-aligned without any indentation
C. Right-aligned

7. When citing one or two authors in-text, never use et al; instead, always provide
the author(s)' names.
A. True
B. False

8. When providing two or more authors' names in a parenthetical citation, use

"and" to join the names, not the ampersand symbol. For example, (Lastname,
Lastname, and Lastname, year, p. X).
A. True
B. False
Use the ampersand within in-text citations and the references: (Lastname, Lastname, & Lastname, year, p. X). Use "and"
when listing authors within a sentence: Lastname, Lastname, and Lastname (year) studied XYZ (p. X).

9. Et al. should be used after the first author's last name every time a source with
three to five authors is introduced in the text. For example: "Lastname et al. (year)
argued that...".
A. True
B. False

10. When mentioning a source with six or more authors in a sentence, in either a
parenthetical citation or in the sentence text, only the first author's name and et al.
should be provided: "Lastname et al. (year) argued that...".
A. True
B. False

11. If the cited resource doesn't provide a publication or copyright date. Which of the
following options is correct?
A. (Lastname, no date, p. X)
B. No citation is necessary.
C. (Lastname, n.d., p. X)

12. If the cited resource doesn't have an identified author, what information should be
provided in the in-text citation?
A. (“The first few words of the title of the resource,” year, p. X)
B. (Anonymous, year, p. X)
C. No citation is necessary
D. (The first few words of the title of the resource, year, p. X)

13. If the only way to cite a source is through a secondary source citation, which of the
following citations is the correct formatting? In the examples below, Lastname1
 refers to the author of the text you read, whereas Lastname2 refers to the
secondary author quoted by Lastname1.
A. (Last name2, as cited in Last name1, year, p. X)
B. (Last name2, year, as cited in Last name1, year, p. X)
C. (Last name1, year, p. X)
D. (Last name2, year, p. X)

14. If the author's last name and the year of publication are provided in the signal
phrase before a quotation, what information is required in the parenthetical
citation? For example: "Lastname (year) noted that, "quotation text" [what should
be here?]".
A. No citation is necessary
B. (page X) or (paragraph X)
C. (p. X) or (para. X)
D. The URL where the resource was retrieved

15. Choose the correct in-text citation format for a direct quotation:
A. (Johnson, 2013, p. 4-6)
B. (Johnson, 2013)
C. (2013, p. 4-6)
D. (Johnson, 2013, pp. 4-6)

16. Choose the correct format for citing personal communication:

A. (J. Johnson, email, September 3, 2013)
B. (J. Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2013)
C. (Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2013)

17. A digital object identifier (DOI) is:

A. A number used by the Library of Congress to catalogue resources
B. An unique number used by book sellers to identify books
C. An alpha-numeric identifier, typically assigned to electronic resources

18. Please choose the correct reference for this resource:

"Adapting Historical Citations to APA Style" is a journal article by Donald Godfrey
that was published in 2005 in the Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic
Media. The journal's volume number is 49, the issue number is 4, and the
article appears on pages 544-547. The DOI for the article is 01.1207/s1550
6878jobem4904_15.
A. Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of broadcasting &
electronic media, 49(4), 544-547. DOI: 01.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15
B. Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 49(4), 544-547. doi:01.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15
C. Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting Historical Citations to APA Style. Journal of broadcasting &
electronic media, 49(4), 544-547. Retrieved from:01.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15

19. Please choose the correct reference for this resource:

"Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?" is a chapter written by
Karen Rogers. The chapter was published in 2009 in International Handbook
on Giftedness, which is an edited book. The chapter appeared on pages 633-
645, the editor of the book was Larisa Shavinina, and the DOI for the chapter
is 10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_31. The book's publisher was Springer
Netherlands, and the publisher's location is Houten, Netherlands.
A. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In L. Shavinina
(Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). doi:10.1007/97 8-1-4020-6162-
2_31
B. Rogers, Karen. (2009). Leadership Giftedness: Is It Innate or Can It Be Developed?. In L.
Shavinina (Editor), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). DOI:10.1007/978-1-
4020-6162-2_31
C. Rogers, K. (2009). "Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?". In Shavinina, L.
(Ed.), International Handbook on Giftedness (pp. 633-645). Houten, NL: Springer
Netherlands.
 Matching a reference to resource type
1. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In L.
Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). doi:
10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_31
A. Chapter in edited ebook
B. Journal article
C. Online newspaper article
D. Ebook
There are four clues to this resource type: 1) the chapter title ("Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed");
2) the editor's name; 3) the title of the book (International handbook on giftedness); 4) the DOI (which usually indicates an
electronic resource). Usually, the inclusion of the editor's name is a good tip that the reference is to a chapter in an edited
book.

2. Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of

Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(4), 544-547. doi: 10.1207/s15506878
jobem4904_15
A. Research report
B. Chapter in edited ebook
C. Online journal article
D. Online newspaper article
The major clue in this reference is the journal title (Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media), which makes it clear that
the resource came from a journal. Unless indicated otherwise (e.g., a book review), a specific resource found within a
journal is usually an article.

3. Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
A. Blog post
B. Research report
C. Online newspaper article
D. Web page

There are two clues to this resource type: 1) The title of the newspaper (The New York Times); 2) the home page URL
of the newspaper. In APA Style, if the newspaper's website is searchable (which most are), the home page URL is
provided versus the direct URL to the resource to avoid possible broken links.

4. BC Hydro. (2013). Environmental impact statement executive summary. Retrieved

from Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency website: http://www.ceaa-
acee.gc.ca/050/documents_staticpost/63919/85328/ Executive_Summary.pdf
A. Online newspaper article
B. Online technical or research report
C. Wiki posting
D. Web page

The clue to this resource type is the inclusion of "Retrieved from Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
website". The only reference type that requires that information is a reference to an online technical or research report
where the publisher is different than the author. In this case, BC Hydro was the author, but the publisher was the
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency website.

5. Royal Roads University. (n.d.). Create a preliminary document plan. Retrieved

from http://library.royalroads.ca/writing-centre/writing-essay-start-here/create-
preliminary-document-plan
A. Web page
B. Blog post
C. Wiki post
D. Technical or research report

A clue in this reference is "n.d." (no date), which is often provided for web pages since web pages may not show a
publication date. If you're not sure of the resource type, you can always go to the URL provided in the reference to look
up the resource; in this example, the URL will take you to a page on the RRU Writing Centre website.

6. How to write an essay. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2014, from

http://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Essay
A. Web page
B. Wiki post
C. Online journal article
D. Blog post

There are two clues in this reference: 1) the retrieval date, which is only provided for resources that are designed to
change frequently, like a wiki; 2) the URL contains the word "wiki".

7. Senge, P. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning
organization. New York, NY: Doubleday.
A. Chapter in an edited book
B. Print book
C. Ebook
D. Chapter in a print book

There are three clues to this resource type: 1) only one title is provided, which means the author is referencing an
entire resource (e.g., book), rather than a section of a larger resource (e.g., chapter in a book); 2) the title is in
sentence case (i.e., only the first word, the first word in a subtitle, and proper nouns are capitalized), which is the
correct formatting for a book title; 3) the publisher and its location are provided, versus electronic retrieval details,
which indicates a print resource.

8. Hume-Pratch, J. (2014, July 25). How to use the new DOI format in APA Style
[Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2014/ 07/how-to-
use-the-new-doi-format-in-apa-style.html
 A. Wiki post
B. Blog post (The clue to this reference is [Blog post]. Also, “blog” is part of the URL)
C. Web page
D. Online technical or research report

What's wrong with this journal article reference?

Godfrey, Donald. (2005) Adapting Historical Citations to APA Style. Journal of
broadcasting & electronic media, 49(4), pp. 544-547. DOI:10.1207/
s15506878jobem4904_15.
1. Regarding the author's name:
A. It is correct
B. Only the initial should be provided for the first name: Godfrey, D.
C. There should be a comma after the period, but everything else is correct

2. Regarding the publication date:

A. It is correct
B. It is missing the month and day of publication
C. It is missing a period after the closing parenthesis, but is otherwise correct

Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting Historical Citations to APA Style. Journal of broadcasting &
electronic media, 49(4), pp. 544-547. doi: 10.1207/ s15506878jobem4904_15
3. Regarding the article title:
A. It is correct
B. It should be italicized
C. It should be in sentence case (i.e., only the first word and proper nouns capitalized)
D. It should be italicized and in sentence case

4. Regarding the journal title:

A. It is correct
B. It should be italicized and in title case (i.e., all major words capitalized)
C. It should be italicized
D. It should be in title case (i.e., all major words capitalized)

Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 49(4), pp. 544-547. doi: 10.1207/ s15506878jobem4904_15
5. Regarding the volume number:
A. It is correct
B. It should not be italicized
C. It should be provided in the same parentheses as the issue number
D. There should be a period after the volume number
 6. Regarding the issue number:
A. It is correct
B. It should be italicized
C. No parentheses are necessary
D. There should be a period, not a comma, after the closing parenthesis

7. Regarding the page numbers:

A. They are correct
B. Provide just the page range (e.g., 544-547); "pp." isn't required
C. It is not necessary to note the page range in a reference to a journal article
D. The page numbers should provide all pages cited from within the article (e.g., pp. 544, 555, &
547), not the range of pages where the article is located in the journal.

Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 49(4), 544-547. DOI: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15.
8. Regarding the electronic retrieval information:
A. It is correct
B. It is incorrect to provide a DOI; the author should have provided the URL to the resource
C. "DOI" shouldn't be capitalized and there shouldn't be a period after the DOI
D. It is missing a retrieval date

Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA Style. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 49(4), 544-547. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_15
9. This reference is now correctly formatted to the APA Style rules.
A. True
B. False
What's wrong with this reference to a chapter in an edited book?
1. Rogers K. (2009). Leadership Giftedness: Is It Innate or Can It Be Developed?. In
Shavinina (Editor), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten, NT:
Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royal
roads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6162-2_31
Regarding the author's name:
A. It is correct
B. There's a comma missing between the last name and first initial
C. The author's full first name should be provided

2. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership Giftedness: Is It Innate or Can It Be Developed?. In

Shavinina (Editor), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten, NT:
Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royal
roads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6162-2_31
Regarding the date:
A. It is correct
B. Missing the month and day of publication
C. There should be a comma, not a period, after the closing parenthesis

3. Rogers K. (2009). Leadership Giftedness: Is It Innate or Can It Be Developed?. In

Shavinina (Editor), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten, NT:
Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royalroads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-
6162-2_31
Regarding the title of the chapter:
A. It is correct
B. It should be in sentence case (i.e., first word, first word of subtitle, and all proper nouns
capitalized)
C. It should be in sentence case and italicized
D. It should be italicized

4. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Editor), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten,
NT: Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royal
roads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6162-2_31
Regarding the editor's information:
A. It is correct
B. The editor's name isn't necessary
C. The editor's full first name should be provided
D. "Editor" should be "Ed."

5. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten, NT:
Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royal
roads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6162-2_31
Regarding the book title:
A. It is correct
B. It should be in title case (i.e., all major words capitalized)
C. It should be italicized
D. It should be italicized and in title case

6. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (633-645). Houten, NT:
Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royal
roads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6162-2_31
Regarding the page range:
A. It is correct
B. Page range should cite the specific pages from which the author has quoted/paraphrased (e.g.,
pp. 635, 640, 643)
C. Missing "pages" (e.g., pages 633-645)
D. Missing "pp." (e.g., pp. 633-645)

7. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). Houten,
NT. Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royalroads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-
6162-2_31
Regarding the publisher details:
A. It is correct
B. It is not necessary to note the publisher location
C. The country of publication needs to be spelled out in full (e.g., Houten, Netherlands)
D. It is not necessary to note the country (e.g., Houten)

8. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). Houten,
Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from
 http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.royalroads.ca/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-
6162-2_31
Regarding the electronic retrieval location:
A. It is correct
B. The electronic retrieval details aren't necessary
C. This resource has a DOI, so that information should be provided instead of the URL
(correct answer: doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_31)

9. Rogers, K. (2009). Leadership giftedness: Is it innate or can it be developed?. In

L. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness (pp. 633-645). Houten,
Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-
6162-2_31
This reference is now correct.
A. True
B. False