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Yijun Liu
Chapter
For 2D potential problems, we have the following four kernels for the CBIE
and HBIE:
1 1
G(x, y) = log , (A.1)
2π r
∂G(x, y) 1
F(x, y) = =− r,k nk (y), (A.2)
∂n(y) 2πr
∂G(x, y) 1
K(x, y) = = r,k nk (x), (A.3)
∂n(x) 2πr
∂ 2 G(x, y) 1
H(x, y) = = [nk (x)nk (y) − 2r,k nk (x)r,l nl (y)] . (A.4)
∂n(x)∂n(y) 2πr 2
The integrations of the four kernels on a line segment S shown in Figure A.1
(from point 1 to point 2) can be evaluated analytically as follows (note that on
S, r = d/ cos θ, dS = r dθ/ cos θ ):
1
G(x, y)dS = [−(θ2 − θ1 )d + 2R − T2 log r2 + T1 log r1 ] , (A.5)
S 2π
1
F(x, y)dS = − (θ2 − θ1 ), (A.6)
S 2π
1 r2
K(x, y)dS = (θ2 − θ1 )nk (y) + log tk (y) nk (x), (A.7)
S 2π r1
1 T2 T1 1 1
H(x, y)dS = − − n k (y) + d − t k (y) nk (x),
S 2π r2 2 r1 2 r2 2 r1 2
(A.8)
in which 2R(= T2 − T1 ) is the total length of the line element and tk is the
component of the tangential vector t (Figure A.1). These results can be used
to evaluate directly the coefficients of the CBIE and HBIE for 2D potential
177
r2 t T2
n(y)
y
r ΔS
r1 1 T1
θ
θ2
θ1 d
2
x
n(x)
1
Figure A.1. Analytical integration on an arbitrary line segment.
θ2 − θ1 = π, d = 0, r1 = r2 = R, T1 = −T2 = −R,
Note that in the preceding results, the second (F) and third (K) integrals are
equal to the CPV integrals plus the jump terms, and the last (H) integral is a
HFP integral.
For 2D elasticity, we have the following four kernels for the CBIE and
HBIE:
1 1 1
Ui j (x, y) = (3 − 4ν)δi j log + r,i r, j − δi j , (A.13)
8π μ(1 − ν) r 2
1 ∂r
Ti j (x, y) = − [(1 − 2ν)δi j + 2r,i r, j ] − (1 − 2ν) (r,i n j − r, j ni ) ,
4π (1 − ν)r ∂n
(A.14)
1
Ki j (x, y) = [(1 − 2ν)(δi j r,k + δ jk r,i −δik r, j ) + 2r,i r, j r,k ] nk (x),
4π (1 − ν)r
(A.15)
μ ∂r
Hi j (x, y) = 2 [(1 − 2ν)δik r, j + ν(δi j r,k + δ jk r,i ) − 4r,i r, j r,k ]
2π (1 − ν)r 2 ∂n
(n−t) 1 (n−t)
Ui j (x, y)dS = (3 − 4ν)I0 δi j + Ii j − Rδi j , (A.17)
S 8π μ(1 − ν)
(n−t) 1 (n−t) (n−t)
Ti j (x, y)dS = − (1 − 2ν) 0 δi j − i δ1 j + j δ1i
S 4π(1 − ν)
(n−t)
+ 2i j , (A.18)
(n−t)
Ki j (x, y)dS = Ci jk nk (x), (A.19)
S
(n−t)
Hi j (x, y)dS = Di jk nk (x), (A.20)
S
where:
(n−t) (n−t)
4π(1 − ν)C111 = (1 − 2ν)1 + 211 ,
(n−t) (n−t)
4π(1 − ν)C112 = (1 − 2ν)2 + 212 ,
(n−t) (n−t)
4π(1 − ν)C121 = −(1 − 2ν)2 + 212 ,
(n−t) (n−t)
4π(1 − ν)C122 = (1 − 2ν)1 + 222 , (A.21)
(n−t) (n−t)
4π (1 − ν)C212 = −(1 − 2ν)1 + 222 ,
(n−t) (n−t)
4π(1 − ν)C222 = (1 − 2ν)2 + 2222 ,
2π(1 − ν)
D111 = − 12 − 2d2 14 ,
μ
2π(1 − ν)
D112 = −d 02 + 2d3 04 ,
μ
2π(1 − ν)
D122 = − 12 + 2d2 14 , (A.22)
μ
2π(1 − ν)
D222 = 3d 02 − 2d3 04 ,
μ
D211 = D121 = D112 , D212 = D221 = D122 .
0 = θ2 − θ1 ,
(n−t)
1 = θ2 − θ1 ,
(n−t)
2 = log(r2 /r1 ),
(n−t)
11 = (θ2 − θ1 )/2 + d 12 /2, (A.24)
(n−t) (n−t)
12 = 21 = 22 /2,
(n−t)
22 = (θ2 − θ1 )/2 − d 12 /2,
(n−t)
222 = log(r2 /r1 ) + d2 02 /2;
02 = 1/r22 − 1/r12 ,
04 = 1/r24 − 1/r14 ,
14 = T2 /r24 − T1 /r14 ,
in which all the parameters are as defined in Figure A.1. Once the integrals of
the kernels are determined in the local n–t system, they need to be transformed
to the global x–y system.
When the source point x is on the element of integration, we have:
θ2 − θ1 = π, d = 0, r1 = r2 = R, T1 = −T2 = −R,
For 2D Stokes flow problems, we have the following four kernels for the CBIE
and the HBIE:
1 1 1
Ui j (x, y) = δi j log + r,i r, j − δi j , (A.30)
4π μ r 2
1
Ti j (x, y) = − r,i r, j r,k nk (y), (A.31)
πr
1
Ki j (x, y) = r,i r, j r,k nk (x), (A.32)
πr
μ
Hi j (x, y) = [(δi j r,k + δ jk r,i − 8r,i r, j r,k ) r,l nl (y)
πr 2
+ ni r, j r,k + nk r,i r, j + δik n j ] nk (x). (A.33)
where:
(n−t)
2πC111 = 211 ,
(n−t)
2πC112 = 212 ,
(n−t)
2πC122 = 222 , (A.38)
(n−t)
2πC222 = 2222 ,
π
D111 = − 12 − 2d2 14 ,
μ
π
D112 = −d 02 + 2d3 04 ,
μ
π
D122 = − 12 + 2d2 14 , (A.39)
μ
π
D222 = 3d 02 − 2d3 04 ,
μ
and all the parameters I, , and are as defined earlier for elasticity ker-
nels in Eqs. (A.23)–(A.25). Once the integrals of the kernels are deter-
mined in the local n–t system, they need to be transformed to the global x–y
system.
When the source point x is on the element of integration, we have the
following results for the four integrals:
(n−t) R
U11 (x, y)dS =
[2(1 − log R) − 1] ,
S 4πμ
(n−t) (n−t)
U12 (x, y)dS = U21 (x, y)dS = 0, (A.40)
S S
(n−t) R
U22 (x, y)dS = [2(1 − log R) + 1] ,
S 4πμ
(n−t) 1
Ti j (x, y)dS = − δi j , (A.41)
S 2
(n−t) 1
Ki j (x, y)dS = δi j , (A.42)
S 2
(n−t) 2μ
Hi j (x, y)dS = − δi j . (A.43)
S πR
Similar to the potential and elasticity cases, the second (T) and third (K) inte-
grals are equal to the CPV integrals plus the jump terms, whereas the last (H)
integral is a HFP integral.