Verb 1

Unit 7.
The Past Perfect Simple Tense

Explanatory Notes
The Simple Past Perfect Tense indicates that an action was completed (finished
or ‘perfected’) at some point in the past before something else happened. This tense is
formed with the past tense form of ‘to have’ (had) plus the past participle of the verb
(which can be either regular or irregular in form):
I had walked two miles by lunchtime.
I had run three other marathons before entering the Boston Marathon .
Affirmative
I/you/ he/she/it had worked
We/you/they had worked
Negative
I/you/ he/she/it had not (hadn’t) worked
We/you/they had not worked
Interrogative
Had I/you/ he/she/it worked?
Had we/you/they worked?
The Simple Past Perfect Tense is not used simply to describe an event in the
distant past. There must be another past event, less far away in the past, with which it
contrasts.
Past Perfect is also used in indirect speech.
If I had a spanner, I could fix this. (direct speech)
He said that if he had had a spanner, he could have fixed it. (indirect speech)
We use the simple past perfect when we say what we wanted or hoped (, etc.)
to do, but didn’t:
I had wanted to visit the gallery before I left Florence, but it’s closed on Sundays.
Bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more
years.
Other verbs used like this include expect (to), mean (to), think (about + -ing).
When we use a time expression (e.g. after, as soon as, before, by the time
(that), when) to say that one event happened after another, we use either the past
simple or past perfect for the event that happened first and the past simple for the
event that happened second:
After Ivan (had) finished reading, he put out the light.
When Carol (had) brushed her teeth, she went to bed.
But to emphasise that the second event is the result of the first, we prefer the
past simple for both:
She became famous after she appeared on the TV programme.
When the teacher came in, all the children stood up.
With already and just (= a very short time before) we use the past perfect, not
the past simple:
The film had already begun by the time we got to the cinema.
She had just stepped into her office when the telephone rang.
Multi-level Exercises
1. Put in the simple past perfect tense.
1 They …had locked… the gates before I got there. (lock)
2 By the time we arrived, the party ………………………….. (finish)
3 I rang the shop as soon as I ………………………….. the contents of the box.
(check)
4 After we ………………………… it on the phone, I wrote him a letter about it.
(discuss)
5 We had a good rest when our guests ………………………. . (all leave)
6 When she rang the office this morning, Jim ………………….………… (already go
out)
7 Before we took Tim to the theatre, he ……………………….. a stage play before.
(never seen)
8 I …………………….. the carpet when the dog came in and shook himself. (shake)
9 He promised to do the job in an hour, but he still …………………………….. by
10 o’clock. (not finish)
2. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets using the
simple past perfect.
1 You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there. (she / go / out) ...She had gone out….
2 You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.
(it / change / a lot)
3 I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come.
(she / arrange / to do something else)
4 You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film /
already / begin)
5 I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for
five years)
6 I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry. (she / just / have / breakfast)
3. Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in
brackets in the simple past perfect.
1 The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.
(fly) …He had never flown before... or …He hadn’t flown before…
2 A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. (see)
I.................................................................................................................. before.
3 Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first
game. (play)
He ........................................................................................................................
4 Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there.(be)
We .......................................................................................................................
4. Use the sentences given to complete the paragraphs below them. These sentences
are in the order in which they happened - so (1) happened before (2), (2) before (3),
etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes you need
the past perfect.
1 (1) Somebody broke into the office during the night.
(2) We arrived at work in the morning.
(3) We called the police.
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody …had broken… into the
office during the night. So we …………………………………. .
2 (1) Ann went out.
(2) I tried to phone her this morning.
(3) There was no answer.
I tried to phone Ann this morning but ……….. no answer. She ……………… out.
3 (1) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago.
(2) I met him the same day.
(3) He looked very well.
I met Jim a few days ago. He ……………………….. just ……………………...
……………. . He ……………………………………. .
4 (1) Kevin wrote to Sally many times.
(2) She never replied to his letters.
(3) Yesterday he had a phone call from her.
(4) He was very surprised.
Yesterday Kevin ………………………………….. . He …………………… very
surprised. He ………………………….. many times but she ……………...
5. Join the following pairs of sentences using the past perfect tense. Use the
conjunctions in brackets:
MODEL: They went out to play. They finished their tasks (after).
They went out to play after they had finished their tasks.
1 He threw the letter away. He wrote it (as soon as).
2 He recovered. He was very ill (before).
3 She didn’t know the truth. He explained it (until).
4 I reached the bus-stop. The bus started (when).
5 He left the room. I switched on the TV set (as soon as).
6 We had breakfast. We went for a walk (after).
7 They didn’t call on us. We dressed for the trip (until).
8 He was an actor. He became a stage director (before).
(Adapted from ‘Practical Grammar in Patterns’ by T. N. Ruzmiciova)
6. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done, etc.) or past simple (I
did, etc.).
1 ‘Was Tom at the party when you arrived?’ ‘No, he ...had gone... (go) home.’
2 I felt very tired when I got home, so I........................................... (go) straight to
bed.
3 The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody .................................... (go)
to bed.
4 Sorry I’m late. The car .................................................. (break) down on my way
here.
5 We were driving along the road when we ........................................ (see) a car
which ........................................ (break) down, so we ........................................ (stop)
to see if we could help.
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past perfect tense.
1 They not (get) a reply, so they (decide) to spend their holidays at home.
2 We (have) to go back, it (rain) for two hours and the ground was water-logged.
3 How long he (live) there when the war (break) out?
4 Only a long time after that he (find) out what (happen).
5 He (know) where I (live) but he never (be) to my flat.
6 He (listen) to her story for two hours and (think) it boring.
7 Nobody (know) he (disappear).
8 She had (stay) at the seaside for more than a week when the weather (grow) cold.
9 He (laugh) at her hair and she (be) angry with him.
10 They (wonder) what (become) of their luggage.
11 The hotel (be) much cheaper than he (think) at first.
12 We (tell) him that his house (burn down).
13 The explorers (travel) for weeks without enough food and water.
14 They asked her why she (lie) to them.
15 He (be pushed) out of the room, before he (be able) to speak.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past perfect tense.
1 I (not, yet, translate) the letter when he (come back).
2 As soon as I (pay) for the bulb I (say) good-bye to Mr. Hobbs.
3 Mr Smith, who (never, fire) a revolver in his life, (slip) it gingerly into his pocket.
4 Report (go) that he (be maimed) in his youth.
5 Pieces (come off) so that the walls (look) awful.
6 There (be) a ripping sound. The sidecar (come loose) from the motorcycle.
7 It (be) very sudden. Though for many years she (have) pains on and off.
8 ‘And if I (venture) to say a word, Mrs. Welman (be ready) to bite my head off,
though I (be) with her nearly twenty years’.
9 We (hide) in the shadow until we (see) him across the river.
10 He (tell) me her name only after I (ask) him twice.
11 Half way through he (find) he (forget) the beginning of the story.
12 He (place) the saucepan back on the stove, and (grasp) the cup he (fill).
9. Complete the sentences, using the simple past or the past perfect tense of the verbs
in brackets.
1 After Richard …………………work, he ………………… home. (finish, go)
2 By the time the firemen………………….., the fire………………….. (arrive,
already / go out)
3 Before she ………………….. the school, Celia ……………… goodbye to all her
friends. (leave, say)
4 After ……………………. his homework, Joe ………………… . (do, go out)
5 When Yuko …………………… home, she ……………….her friend at once.
(reach, phone)
6 After she …………………….all the way home, Linda ………………….quite
exhausted. (run, feel)
Unit 8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Explanatory Notes
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense indicates a continuous action that was
completed at some point in the past. This tense is formed with the auxiliary ‘had’ plus
‘been’ plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
I had been working in the garden all morning.
George had been painting his house for weeks, but he finally gave up.
Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they had been working
Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they had not (hadn’t) been working
Interrogative
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they been working?
We use the past perfect continuous when we talk about the continuity or
duration of a situation or activity, and the past perfect to talk about the completion of
a situation or activity or its effects. Sometimes the difference between them is simply
one of emphasis |
I’d been working hard, so I felt that I deserved a holiday. (emphasises the activity)
I’d worked hard, and the report was now finished. (emphasises the result)
If we talk about how long something went on up to a particular past time, we
prefer the past perfect continuous. If we talk about how many times something
happened in a period up to a particular past time, we use the past perfect:
They had been travelling for about 36 hours. (rather than They had travelled...)
We had been looking at the painting for about ten minutes before we realised who the
artist was. (rather than We had looked...)
I’d heard the symphony many times before. (not I’d been hearing...)
The teacher had let them get away with their bad behaviour once too often. (not
...had been letting them...)
However, some verbs that describe states are not often used with continuous
tenses, and we use the past perfect with these even when we are talking about how
long something went on up to a particular past time;
I had always believed that it would be easy to get a job. (not I had always been
believing...)
We had owned the car for 6 months before we discovered it was stolen. (not We had
been owning…)
Compare the use of the past perfect continuous and past continuous :
When we met Simon and Pat, they had been riding. (we met after they had finished)
When we met Simon and Pat, they were riding. (we met while they were riding)
When I got home, water had been leaking through the roof. (it was no longer leaking
when I got there)
When I got home, water was leaking through the roof. ( it was leaking when I got
there)
1. Put in the past perfect continuous tense.
1 I was tired. I … had been digging … all day. (dig)
2 We ................................................................ for your call all evening. (wait)
3 How long .................................................................. there? (you wait)
4 I........................................................ there since 6 o’clock. (stand)
5 She ....................................... English for five years before she visited Canada.
(study)
6 I ................................ to the firm regularly for a month before, but they still hadn’t
answered. (write)
7 They .......................................................................... me about it every day for the
past week. (ring)
8 I knew you ................................... - How did you know? - Your hair was covered
with paint! (paint)
9 You were out of breath when you came in this morning. .............................? (you
run)
2. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets using the past
perfect continuous tense.
1 I was very tired when I arrived home. (I / work / hard all day)
…I had been working hard all day….
2 The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very
tired. (they/ play/ football)
3 There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody /
smoke / in the room)
4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where
she was. (she / dream)
5 When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off.
(he/watch/TV)
3. Read the situations and complete the sentences using the past perfect continuous
tense.
1 We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.
We …had been playing for half an hour… when …it started to rain…
2 I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20
minutes I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong restaurant.
I............................................................................ for 20 minutes when
I.......................................................
3 Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down.
At the time the factory ............................................................................. Sarah
........................................... there for five years.
4 I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes
a man in the audience suddenly began shouting.
The orchestra ................................................................................ when ………..
5 This time make your own sentence:
I began walking along the road. I .......................................................................
when ...................................................................................................................
Revision Exercises
The Past Perfect Simple and The Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
1. Put in the simple past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
1 We ......................... all day for the party that evening and by 8 o’clock we still
weren’t ready. (cook)
2 John ......................... a beautiful meal for his guests and they all enjoyed it.
(prepare)
3 I knew she ......................... the washing because the machine was still working
when I got in. (do)
4 I knew she ......................... the washing because when I got in she was ready to go
out. (do)
5 By 10 o’clock the children ......................... their homework and were ready to go to
bed. (do)
6 The children ......................... their homework and by 10 o’clock they still hadn’t
finished. (do)
2. Put in the past perfect simple or continuous or the simple past.
COOKING THE BOOKS?
Old Mr Williams was very concerned. He and his wife were pensioners and he
(spend)1 ..had spent... the whole morning looking for their pension books. He
(look)2........................ everywhere, but he (not be able)3........................ to find them.
Meanwhile, his wife (be)4........................ busy. She (cook)5........................ all
morning. She (prepare)6........................ a delicious meal. She (make)7 ........................
soup, followed by a lovely pie, which she (bake)8........................ in the oven. Mr
Williams (always enjoy)9........................ his food, but he clearly wasn’t enjoying his
lunch. ‘What’s the matter, Tom?’ his wife asked. Mr Williams (have to)
10
........................ confess that he (lost)11........................ their pension books. ‘I know,’
Mrs Williams (say)12......................... with a twinkle in her eye. ‘I’ve got them’.
‘You’ve got them?’ ‘Yes - and guess where I (find)13 ........................ them!’ Mr
Williams suddenly remembered. ‘In the oven! I (put)14........................ them there for
safe-keeping.’ He (smile)15........................ with relief as she (fish) 16........................
them out of her apron pocket!
3. Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect
(I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).
1 It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours … were having… (have) a party.
2 We were good friends. We ...had known... (know) each other for a long time.
3 John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he
................................................... (walk) so fast.
4 Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She ............................
(run).
5 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They
................................................... (eat).
6 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths
were empty but their stomachs were full. They ..................................... (eat).
7 Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ............................................. (look)
for his contact lens.
8 When I arrived, Kate ................................................... (wait) for me. She was rather
annoyed with me because I was late and she ............................................ (wait) for a
very long time.
9 I was sad when I sold my car. I................................................... (have) it for a very
long time.
10 We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We ...................................
(travel) for more than 24 hours.
4. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past perfect tense or the continuous past
perfect tense.
1 When I visited him in Berlin I discovered that he (paint) just the same stale things
that he (paint) for years in Rome.
2 He was laughing heartily at a story which he (tell) Gabriel on the stairs.
3 While he (be) full of memories of their secret life together, she (compare) him in
her mind with another.
4 By the time he (speak) for five minutes the spirit (go) out of us all.
5 Once he nearly got run over by a bus. He (collect) bits of evergreens.
6 They (talk), but as they saw me at the gate there was a hush.
7 His composure (return) when he and Chrystal called on me after the ball.
8 He (do) two men’s work for months. His fundamental work (not, receive) the
attention that he looked for.
9 Mrs. Jago welcomed us with a greater assumption of state than ever; she (tell)
herself that no one wished to see her.
10 I asked him if he (see) Jack recently.
11 ‘Oh, why didn’t you tell me I (keep) you?’ she said, getting up at once.
12 For the moment, he was not smoking, for long enough he (not, talk).
13 I remembered something I (read) only a few hours before.
14 She wanted to join her guest who (just, arrive)
15 Soon afterwards, Mrs. Jago came in from the concert. She was happier than I
(ever, see) her, she (be exalted) by the music, she (mix) with fashionable Cambridge
16 Meanwhile, Roy (drink) faster than the rest of us. The dangerous glint (come) into
his eyes.
17 When I (sit) there for five minutes I saw Mahony’s grey suit approaching.
18. He (stand) in the twilight, but she (switch on) the lights as we went in.
19 ‘When did you know you (make) a discovery?’
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
1 He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he
(enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be)
still uncut.
2 When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at
the airport till 9.30.
3 He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready
in the hall.
4 He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that
before she (leave) the house.
5 All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In
the end he (decide) not to.
6 At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
7 Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock
the front door.
8 When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be).
9 He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket.
10 Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat
pocket as well.
11 I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded
in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining.
12 I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there
(not be) any since the previous February.
13 If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time.
14 However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Avenue.
15 He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell)
good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16 When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in
during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be)
upside down.
17 The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave)
because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.
18 Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape.
19 They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour)
herself out a drink.
20 She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.
21 The jewellery (be given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before.
22 Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
1 Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands; and certainly the
insurance money would come in handy.
2 I (put) the £5 note into one of my books; but next day it (take) me ages to find it
because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
3 A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin.
4 I (think) my train (leave) at 14.33, and (be) very disappointed when I
(arrive) at 14.30 and (learn) that it just (leave).
5 I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.
6 He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come)
out of the shop ten minutes later the car (be) no longer there.
7 He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.
8 It (be) now 6 p.m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day.
9 He (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast.
10 His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason
she (not come).
11 He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before.
12 I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite
pavement watching the house.
13 When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether
he (stay) there all night or if he (go) away and (come) back.
14 When I (open) the door I (see) a man on his knees.
15 He clearly (listen) to our conversation and I (wonder) how much he (hear). 16
When I (ask) him what he (do), he (say) that he (drop) a 50p piece outside the door
and (look) for it.
17 I (not see) any sign of the money, but I (find) a small notebook and pencil which
he probably (drop) when the door (open) suddenly.
18 So he (take) notes of our conversation!
19 The notes (be) written in a foreign language, so I (turn) to the stranger and (ask)
him to translate.
20 But he (pull) my hat over my eyes and (run) off down the corridor.
21 By the time I (recover) from the shock he (disappear) round the corner.
22 Curiously enough, when I (move) my foot I (find) that I (stand) on a 50p piece.
23 Perhaps he (tell) the truth after all!
7. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense.
Miss Sharp’s father (be) an artist and (give) drawing lessons at Miss
Pinkerton’s school. He (be) a clever man, a pleasant companion, a careless student.
He (owe) money for a mile around Soho, where he (live). He (marry) a young woman
of the French nation who (be) by profession an opera-girl. Rebecca’s mother (have)
some education somewhere, and her daughter (speak) French with a Parisian accent.
It (be) in those days a rare, accomplishment, and (lead) to her engagement with Miss
Pinkerton. She (be) seventeen when she (came) to Chiswick as a pupil; her duties (be)
to talk French and her privileges to live cost free, and, with a few guineas a year, to
get some knowledge from the professors of the school. She (live) there for nearly two
years when a battle (begin) between her and Miss Pinkerton. Miss Pinkerton (tell) her
that, she (be) to instruct the younger girls in music for the future. Rebecca (refuse).
Thus a battle (begin) which (last) for months. (After Thackeray)
A light (appear) at the further end of the passage and I (see) Colonel Stark
rushing forward with a lantern in one hand and an axe in the other. I (rush) across the
bedroom, (open) the window and (look) out. It (can) not be more than thirty feet
down into the garden. I (get) upon the sill but (hesitate) to jump. At that moment the
Colonel (be) at the door. I (let) myself go and (hang) when his blow (fall). I (feel) a
dull pain and (fall) into the garden below. I (be) not hurt by the fall, so, I (rise) to my
feet and (run) as fast as (can), for I (understand) that I (be) hot out of danger yet.
Suddenly, as I (run), I (look) down at my hand and then, for the first time, (see) that
my thumb (be cut) off, and that the blood (pour) from my wound. I (try) to tie my
handkerchief round it but the next moment I (faint) (After Conan Doyle)
Andrew (be) the first to come. It was Christine herself who (open) the
door for him. Later Watkins and his wife (come) in apologizing for being late. And
almost at once; they (sit) down to supper. After the skumpy meals he usually (have) it
(be) a great treat to Andrew to find hot appetizing food before him. Though plain,
every dish (be) good and there (be) plenty of it. When Andrew (praise) her landlady’s
cooking, Watkins who (observe) how Andrew (devour) his food suddenly, (laugh)
out loud. ‘That’s a good one’. He (turn) to his wife ‘(Hear) him? He says old Mrs.
Herbert’s a marvellous cook!’ Christine (colour) slightly. She (beg) Andrew not to
pay attention to Watkins. It (be) the nicest compliment she (ever have) because he
(not mean) it as such. She (cook) the supper. (After Cronin)
10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the simple present, the present
perfect, the past tense, the past continuous tense or the past perfect.
1 It (be) the first time that Lottie and Kezia ever (be) out so late.
2 It was not until long after she (say) ‘yes’ that she (wonder) whether she (do)
wrong. After all, she really (not know) him. But he (be) so old and (be) so kind about
the strawberries.
3 ‘Get hold of the gardener, Raffles. Perhaps he (work) then’. ‘I (ask) him that, sir.
He (say) he’s not; and what’s more, that these flowers (be) all right when he (leave)
at five o’clock yesterday evening, because he always (look) over them last thing’.
4 He asked the butler whether he (notice) anything different about his master the
previous night. Jackson (reply) that he (notice) nothing of the kind.
5 ‘How long you (be) with him?’ ‘Twenty three years, sir. Ever since he (start) to be
anything at all.’
6 I know I smoked one or two cigarettes while we (talk) business. And I (smoke)
probably a couple more afterwards, when we (drink) our whisky. They would be
either in the fireplace or in that ashtray. Sir John (smoke) one cigar directly after
dinner and while we (talk) business.
7 But Sir John has been touchy in a way I (never know) before, and it (seem) to me
that he (not be) on the friendly terms with Mr. Hastings that you’d expect with a son-
in-law.
8 The inspector (not be) in his office long when he (receive) a message that a
gentleman (call) and (ask) to see him on urgent private business.
9 ‘What about this chap James? (Be) with you long?’ ‘Not very, sir. About four
months, I (think). As a matter of fact, I (not know) much about him — I (not engage)
him myself’.
10 For myself it (be) twenty years since I (be) brave enough to eat strawberries.
11. Translate into English.
1 Săptămâna trecută ne-am mutat din casa în care am locuit 10 ani.
2 Când ne-am întors în cele din urmă acasă, călătorisem 2000 de km.
3 Anul trecut m-am urcat pe Vezuviu. Fusesem fascinat de vulcani de când am văzut
un film despre ei.
4 Când s-a făcut ora 11 şi ea nu venise încă, am început să mă întreb dacă nu avusese
cumva vreun accident.
5 Mi-a spus că 1-a întâlnit seara trecută şi că se schimbase aşa de mult încât era de
nerecunoscut.
6 I-am putut afla numele doar după ce a plecat.
7 M-am supărat foarte tare când mi s-a spus că trenul a plecat deja şi l-am întrebat pe
chelner de ce nu m-a anunţat din vreme şi de ce a continuat să-mi servească băutura.
8 Hoţul a refuzat să recunoască faptul că el era cel ce furase banii. Dar poliţia îi
găsise amprentele pe poşeta doamnei.
9 Copiii căutau peste tot jucăriile şi spuneau că le puseseră într-un sertar care însă se
dovedi a fi gol. Fusese demult golit de mezin care acum nu-şi mai amintea ce făcuse
cu ele.
10 Când am fost la Londra, am reuşit să vedem aproape tot oraşul cu ajutorul unei
maşini pe care ne-a împrumutat-o un prieten.
Unit 9. The Future Simple Tense
Explanatory Notes
The Simple Future Tense indicates that an action is in the future relative to the
speaker or writer. There are no inflected forms for the future in English (nothing like
those -ed or -s endings in the other tenses). Instead, the future tense employs the
helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb:
She will leave soon.
We shall overcome.
Affirmative
I (shall) will go We (shall) will go
You will go You will go
He/she/it will go They will go
Negative
I (shall) will not go We (shall) will not go
You will not go You will not go
He/she/it will not go They will not go
Interrogative
Shall I go? Shall we go?
Will you go? Will you go?
Will he/she/it/ go? Will they go?
Will expresses a future prediction.
I think it’ll rain tomorrow.
You’ll feel better after you’ve taken this medicine.
It is important to understand the difference between will as a modal verb,
which expresses concepts such as willingness, intention, etc., and will as an auxiliary
of the future, where, like all auxiliaries, it only shows tense and has no intrinsic
meaning at all. Will for prediction merely signifies ‘This is a future tense’. It is also
called the ‘future as fact’, or the ‘neutral future’.
One day I’ll die.
You’ll fall off if you’re not careful.
He’ll be dead before he’s 30.
I’ll be 26 next Tuesday.
Will expresses a future intention.
I’ll have a steak, please.
I’ll see you next week.
In these sentences will expresses an intention or decision made at the moment
of speaking, that is not planned or premeditated. In many languages this idea is
expressed in the present tense, because the decision to act and the act itself are so
close in time.
Can I ring you tonight?
Yes, I’ll give you my number. It’s 3871425.
The decision to give the number is made only one second before the actual giving of
it, and will does not really refer to the future, but signifies a present intention, I give
you my number is WRONG.
According to the context, this use of will can express a promise, a threat, or a
decision.
I’ll bring you the book tomorrow. (a promise)
If you do that again, I’ll kill you. (a threat)
We’ll go back home at 8.00. (a decision)
Some English speakers feel that with the 1st person pronouns (I and we) shall is
the correct form, so in formal situations (such as writing business letters) I will and
we will are avoided. It is used to express both a prediction and an intention. However,
in normal spoken English there is a contraction to ‘ll, so the distinction is
unimportant.
1. Put in will (‘ll) or won’t.
1 Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You ...won’t... sleep.
2 ‘Are you ready yet?’ ‘Not yet. I.............................. be ready in five minutes.’
3 I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I.............................. be at
home tomorrow.
4 It...................................... rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.
5 A: I don’t feel very well this evening.
B: Well, go to bed early and you ........................... feel better in the morning.
6 It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. He ...................................... be 25.
7 I’m sorry I was late this morning. It...................................... happen again.
2. Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use: I’ll be... or I’ll probably
be ... or I don’t know where I’ll be.
1 (at 10 o’clock tomorrow) ... I’ll probably be on the beach or I’ll be at work.
2 (one hour from now) ....................................................................................
3 (at midnight tonight) ....................................................................................
4 (at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon) ..................................................................
5 (two years from now) ....................................................................................
3. Complete the sentences. Use I think I’ll... or I don’t think I’ll... + one of these
verbs:
buy go have play
1 It’s cold today. …I don’t think I’ll go… out.
2 I’m hungry. I ........................................... something to eat.
3 I feel tired. ........................................... tennis.
4 This camera is too expensive. ............................................................ it.
4. Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb.
1 I’m too tired to walk home. I think ...I’ll get... a taxi.
2 ‘It’s a bit cold in this room.’ ‘Is it? ................................................... on the heating
then.’
3 ‘We haven’t got any milk.’ ‘Oh, haven’t we? ................................................... and
get some.’
4 ‘Do you want me to do the washing-up?’ ‘No, it’s all right. ....................... it.’
5 ‘I don’t know how to use this computer.’ ‘OK,...................................................
you.’
6 ‘Would you like tea or coffee?’ ‘................................................ coffee, please.’
7 ‘Goodbye! Have a nice holiday.’ ‘Thanks. ................................................... you a
postcard’.
8 Thank you for lending me your camera. ................................................... it back to
you on Monday, OK?
9 ‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I think ................................................... here.’
5. Read the situations and write sentences with I think I’ll... or I don’t think I’ll... .
1 It’s a bit cold. You decide to close the window. You say: ...I think I’ll close the
window...
2 You are feeling tired and it’s quite late. You decide to go to bed. You say:
I think...................................................................................................................
3 A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car but you decide to walk. You say:
Thank you but.......................................................................................................
4 You arranged to play tennis today. Now you decide that you don’t want to play.
You say:
I don’t think ..........................................................................................................
5 You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go.
6. What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with shall I...? or shall we...?
1 You and a friend want to do something this evening but you don’t know what. You
ask your friend. ...What shall we do this evening?...
2 You try on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. You ask a
friend for advice............................ it?
3 It’s Ann’s birthday next week. You want to give her a present but you don’t know
what. You ask a friend for advice.
What ................................................................................................................
4 You and a friend are going on holiday together but you haven’t decided where. You
ask him/her.
5 You and a friend are going out. You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to
walk. You ask him/her.
....................... or ..............................................................
6 Your friend wants you to phone later. You don’t know what time to phone. You ask
him/her.
7. Complete the sentences with will (‘ll) + one of these verbs:
be be come get like look meet pass
1 Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure you ...’ll pass...
2 Why don’t you try on this jacket? It............................................. nice on you.
3 You must meet George sometime. I think you .......................................... him.
4 It’s raining. Don’t go out. You ................................................... wet.
5 They’ve invited me to their house. They ......................................... offended if I
don’t go.
6 Goodbye. I expect we ................................................... again before long.
7 I’ve invited Sue to the party but I don’t think she .............................................
8 I wonder where I................................................... 20 years from now.
8. Put in will (‘ll) or won’t.
1 Can you wait for me? I ...won’t... be very long.
2 There’s no need to take an umbrella with you. It................................ rain.
3 If you don’t eat anything now, you ................................ be hungry later.
4 I’m sorry about what happened yesterday. It................................ happen again.
5 I’ve got some incredible news! You ................................ never believe what’s
happened.
6 Don’t ask Margaret for advice. She ................................ know what to do.
9. Write questions using do you think...will...? + one of these verbs:
be back cost finish get married happen like rain
1 I’ve bought Mary a present. ...Do you think she’ll like it?...
2 The weather doesn’t look very good. Do you ...................................................?
3 The meeting is still going on. When do you .....................................................?
4 My car needs to be repaired. How much...........................................................?
5 Sally and David are in love. Do ........................................................................?
6 ‘I’m going out now.’ ‘OK. What time............................................................’?
7 The future situation is uncertain. What..............................................................?
10. Supply suitable forms of will and shall. Give alternatives where possible.
Situation: Jim is asking his friend Don for advice about a job interview.
JIM: What sorts of questions do you think they1 … will… ask?
DON: The same as they asked me. They2........................ ask you why you want to
work for them.
JIM: That’s easy. I want to earn more money.
DON: Yes, but you can’t say that. You 3........................ have to think of some better
reasons.
JIM: I can’t think of any just now, but I expect I4........................ think of something at
the time. I hope I5........................ anyway!
DON: I’m sure you 6......................... What time is your interview?
JIM: It’s at three in the afternoon.
DON: I know it7........................ help very much, but I8........................ be thinking of
you. Don’t worry, everything9........................ be OK!
JIM: When 10........................ I know if I’ve got the job?
DON: They11........................ let you know in a couple of days. That’s what happened
in my case. You 12........................ get a letter which begins, ‘We regret to inform
you!’
11. Put in suitable forms of will and shall.
RETIREMENT
I’m going to retire next week and I’m looking forward to it. For the first time in my
life I1 ...shall... be able to do all the things I’ve always wanted to do. I 2........
(not) have a travel to work any more. I 3...................... (not) have to earn a living. My
firm 4....................... pay my pension into my bank account and I 5................... (not)
have to worry about earning money ever again. My wife and I6 ................... be able to
spend more time together. We7 .................... take care of the house together. We8
.................... do the shopping together. I explained all these plans to my wife. ‘Of
course’, she said. ‘I’m looking forward to your retirement, too, but you must
remember that while you can retire, I can’t. I’ve written out some simple rules for us
both which9 ....................... apply from the day you retire. Here they are:
Rules of the House:
1 We10 ....................... take turns to do the cooking and the housework.
2 We11 ....................... (not) watch TV all day long.
3 We12 ....................... keep regular hours.
4 We13 ....................... find interesting hobbies to keep us occupied.
5 We14 ....................... spend time out of the house as well as in it.
6 We15 ....................... keep fit in mind and body.
‘They look like sensible suggestions’, I said. ‘They are’, my wife answered. ‘If we
follow these rules I’m sure we16 ...................... enjoy a long and happy life together.’
‘I hope we17 ..................’, I answered.
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple.
1 I (know) the result in a week.
2 You (be) in Rome tonight.
3 You (have) time to help me tomorrow?
4 It (matter) if I don’t come home till morning?
5 You (be) able to drive after another five lessons.
6 Do you think that he (recognize) me?
7 Unless he runs he (not catch) the train.
8 He (lend) it to you if you ask him.
9 I hope I (find) it.
10 If petrol pump, attendants go on strike we (not have) any petrol.
11 He (believe) whatever you tell him.
12 I (remember) this day all my life.
13 Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.
14 If he works well, I (pay) him £10.
15 I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year.
16 If you think it over, you (see) that I am right.
17 If you learn another language, you (get) a better job.
18 I am sure that you (like) our new house.
19 Newspaper announcement: The President (drive) along the High Street in an open
carriage.
20 He (mind) if I bring my dog?
13. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple.
1 You (need) a visa if you are going to Spain.
2 If you open that trapdoor, you (see) some steps.
3 You (feel) better when you’ve had a meal.
4 He (be) offended if you don’t invite him.
5 She (have) £1000 a year when she is twenty-one.
6 If you put any more polish on that floor, someone (slip) on it.
7 I wonder if he (succeed).
8 Papers (not be) delivered on the Bank Holiday.
9 I hope he (remember) to buy wine.
10 If you leave your roller skates on the path, someone (fall) over them.
11 If they fall over them and hurt themselves, they (sue) you.
12 Announcement: Mrs Pitt (present) the prizes.
13 If you want twenty cigarettes, you (have) to give me more money.
14 Notice: The management (not be) responsible for articles left on the seats.
15 If I drop this it (explode).
16 What your father (say) when he hears about this accident?
He (not say) much but he not (lend) me the car again.
14. Use will or shall to fill the spaces in the following sentences. Sometimes either
could be used.
1 When you are in bed I ... be at work.
2 Who’ll help me?
I ...
3 We will unite to resist oppression, and tyrants . . . not triumph over us. (We won’t
let them triumph.)
4 What . . . we do now?
Wait.
5 You’ve been a good child, and when we get home you . . . have a sweet. (I’ll give
you a sweet.)
6 Your father . . . hear of this. (I’ll certainly tell him.)
7 ... we go to the cinema?
Yes, let’s.
8 She . . . tell the same story over and over again. (obstinate insistence)
9 Club rule: Members . . . write the names of their guests in the book provided.
10 Theatre regulation: Persons . . . not be permitted to sit in the gangways.
11 Where ... I be in six years’ time, I wonder?
12 He ... not come here again. (He refuses.)
13 He ... not come here again. (I won’t let him come.)
14 Clause in lease: The tenant ... be responsible for all repairs.
15 This kind of snake . . . not bite unless it is startled.
16 . . . you have a cigarette?
No, thanks, I don’t smoke.
17 He ... play his radio very loudly, which annoys me very much. (obstinate
insistence)
18 By this time next year I ... be earning my own living.
19 Who . . . take this letter to the post for me?
I ….
20 What ... we do with all the food that’s left over?
Unit 10. The Present Tenses for the Future
Explanatory Notes
We use the present simple when we talk about future events that are part of
some official arrangement such as a timetable or programme:
Their plane arrives at 2 o’clock in the morning.
The next meeting of the committee is on November 5th.
We get off the train in Bristol and continue by bus.
I’m away on holiday next week. Can we meet the week after?
We often use will + infinitive in sentences like these with little difference in
meaning, although the present simple suggests that the arrangement is fixed and
definite.
We don’t use the present simple when we talk about personal plans or
predictions. Instead we use will, going to, or the present continuous.
I’m really exhausted. I’m just staying in to watch TV tonight. (not ...I just stay in...)
Although it is a problem only in Britain at the moment, I think it will affect the rest of
Europe soon. (not ...I think it affects the rest...)
We use the present simple to refer to the future, not will, in adverbial clauses
introduced by time conjunctions such as after, before, when, and until:
After you go another 50 metres, you’ll see a path to your left.
When you see Dennis, tell him he still owes me some money.
Wait here until I call you.
and in conditional clauses with if, unless, in case, and provided:
Let me know if he says anything interesting.
Provided the right software is available, I should be able to solve the problem.
I’ll bring a compass in case we get lost.
We use the present continuous to talk about future activities and events that
are intended or have already been arranged:
She’s making a speech at the conference next week.
Are you seeing Tony this week? (do you have an arrangement to see him?)
We don’t use will to talk about arrangements and intentions:
Apparently, the council are closing the old library. (= reporting an arrangement) (not
...the council will close...)
1. Write questions. All the sentences are future.
1 (you / go / out / tonight?) ...Are you going out tonight? ...
2 (you / work / next week?) .............................................................................
3 (what / you / do / tomorrow evening?) .........................................................
4 (what time / your friends / arrive?) ................................................................
5 (when / Liz /go/on holiday?) ...........................................................................
2. Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1 ... I’m staying at home tonight.....
2 ... I’m going to the theatre on Monday...
3 ......................................................................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................
5 ........................................................................................................................
6 .......................................................................................................................
3. Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving, etc.) or present simple (the
train leaves, etc.).
1 ‘ ...Are you going...(you/go) out this evening?’ ‘No, I’m too tired.’
2 ...We’re going... (we/go) to a concert this evening, ... It starts... (it/start) at 7.30.
3 Do you know about Sally? ................................................ (she/get) married next
month!
4 A: My parents....................................................... (go) on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that’s nice. Where ................................................................ (they/go)?
5 Silvia is doing an English course at the moment. The course .......................
............................ (finish) on Friday.
6 There’s a football match tomorrow but............................................. (I/not/go).
7 .............................................. (I/go) out with some friends tonight. Why don’t you
come too? ....................................... (we/meet) at Johns house at 8 o’clock.
8 A: How.......................................................................... (you/get) home after the
party tomorrow? By taxi?
B: No, I can go by bus. The last bus................................. (leave) at midnight.
9 A: Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?
B: Yes, what time ................................................... (the film / begin)?
10 A: What........................................................ (you/do) on Monday afternoon?
B: ................................................................ (I/work).
4. A friend of yours is planning to go on a holiday soon. You ask her about her plans.
Use the words in brackets to make your questions.
1 (where/go ?) ...Where are you going?... Scotland.
2 (how long/stay?) ................................................................... Ten days.
3 (when/go?) ............................................................................ Next Friday.
4 (go/alone?) ............................................................................ No, with a friend.
5 (travel/by car?) ...................................................................... No, by train.
6 (where/stay?) ......................................................................... In a hotel.
5. Have you arranged to do anything at these times? Write (true) sentences about
yourself.
1 (this evening) ...I’m going out this evening...
or... I’m not doing anything this evening.. or ... I don’t know what I’m doing this
evening.
2 (tomorrow morning)
I.............................................................................................................................
3 (tomorrow evening)...........................................................................................
4 (next Sunday).....................................................................................................
5 (choose another day or time) .............................................................................
6. Put the verb into the more suitable form, present continuous or present simple.
1 I ..’m going... (go) to the theatre this evening.
2 ..Does the film begin... (the film / begin) at 3.30 or 4.30?
3 We ................................................... (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like
to come?
4 The art exhibition ................................................ (open) on 3 May and ...........
......................... (finish) on 15 July.
5 I.............................................. (not/go) out this evening. I .............................. (stay)
at home.
6 ‘................................................ (you/do) anything tomorrow morning?’ ‘No, I’m
free. Why?’
7 We ................................................... (go) to a concert tonight. It ......................
(begin) at 7.30.
8 You are on the train to London and you ask another passenger:
Excuse me. What time ................................................... (this train/get) to London?
9 You are talking to Ann:
Ann, I................................. (go) to town............................. (you/come) with me?
10 Sue ............................................. (come) to see us tomorrow. She .................
(travel) by train and her train ........................... (arrive) at 10.15. I ......................
(meet) her at the station.
11 I ........................................ (not/use) the car this evening, so you can have it.
12 You and a friend are watching television. You say:
I’m bored with this programme. When ................................................................
(it/finish)?
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.
1 They are going to drill for oil here. They (start) on Monday.
2 My uncle (make) a speech on Friday.
3 I (take) my sister to the ballet tomorrow.
4 She (call) for me at six.
5 He (play) at Wimbledon next summer.
6 I (meet) her at the station at ten.
7 The sales (not start) till Monday.
8 How you (get) to the party tomorrow?
I (go) by car.
Who (drive)?
9 The piano tuner (come) this afternoon.
10 You (give) him anything for his birthday?
Yes, I (give) him a dictionary.
11 The windows (be) cleaned today. Then we’ll be able to see out.
12 She (come) out of hospital next week.
13 We (have) dinner early tonight as we (go) to the theatre.
14 Where you (go) for your holidays this year?
I (go) to Holland.
15 He (not give) a lecture tonight.
16 I (have) my photograph taken tomorrow.
17 I (buy) her a burglar alarm for a wedding present.
18 The elections (be) held next week.
19 I (have) lunch with my aunt on Thursday.
20 The committee (meet) next Wednesday.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.
1 My grandparents (celebrate) their golden wedding next week.
2 I (lend) him my car for his holidays.
3 The strikers (return) to work next week.
4 Smith’s (open) a new branch in this street in July.
5 We’ve bought a new house and (move) in very soon.
6 I (not take) up judo next winter.
7 They (get) married next week.
8 You (do) anything tonight?
Yes, I (go) to my carpentry class.
9 The Prime Minister (fly) to America tomorrow.
10 He (start) a new job on Friday.
11 The Queen (give) a garden party next week. You (go)?
12 My brother (be) released on Tuesday. I (meet) him outside the prison.
13 I (catch) the 6.30 plane tomorrow.
Where you (leave) your car?
I (not take) the car.
14 Her mother (send) her to France next year.
15 I (go) to the dentist tomorrow. Miss Pitt (take) my class.
16 I (lend) my flat to my American cousins next year.
9. Change the following sentences using the present continuous.
1 The Professor will deliver a new lecture on Tuesday.
2 They will start on a new exploration next week.
3 The expedition will set out tomorrow.
4 My mother will take me to the theatre.
5 The children will stay at home this evening.
6 What will we have for lunch?
7 He will buy her a new doll next week.
8 We shall leave by the night train.
9 The choir will sing next.
10 She will give you a control-paper tomorrow.
(Adapted after ‘Living English Structure’ by S. Alien)
The ‘be going to’ Form
Explanatory Notes
Going to expresses a future intention, plan or decision thought about before
the moment of speaking.
We’re going to get married in June.
When I grow up, I’m going to be a doctor.
Affirmative
I am going to leave We are going to leave
You are going to leave You are going to leave
H e/she/it is going to leave They are going to leave
Negative
I am not going to leave We are not going to leave
You are not going to leave You are not going to leave
He/she/it is not going to leave They are not going to leave
Interrogative
Am I going to leave? Are we going to leave?
Are you going to leave? Are you going to leave?
Is he/she/it/ going to leave? Are they going to leave?
Notice the difference between will to express decision taken on the spot and
going to to express an intention thought of previously.
We’ve run out of sugar.
I know. I’m going to buy some.
We’ve run out of sugar.
Have we? I didn’t know. I’ll buy some when I go shopping.
The difference is not that going to is more certain, and is not about near or distant
future, but it concerns when the decision was made.
Going to is used to express a future event for which there is some evidence
now.
Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
I don’t feel well. I think I’m going to faint.
Watch out! Those boxes are going to fall over.
When we talk about an intention to do something in the future, although no
definite arrangement has been made, we prefer going to rather than the present
continuous. To emphasise that we are talking about a definite arrangement, we prefer
the present continuous. Study these sentences:
Before I go to China next year, I’m going to learn some Cantonese. (rather than I’m
learning some Cantonese.)
We use going to future instead of the present continuous for the following:
• when we make or report predictions about activities or events over which we have
no control (we can’t arrange these):
I think it’s going to rain. (not I think it’s raining soon.)
Scientists say that the satellite is going to fall. (not ...the satellite is falling...)
• when we talk about permanent future situations:
People are going to live longer in the future. (not ...are living...)
Her new house is going to have three floors. (not ...is having...)
• with the verb be:
John’s going to be a shepherd in the school play next week. (not John’s being...)
I’m going to be in Tokyo in May. (not I’m being in Tokyo...)
1. Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs:
eat do give lie down stay walk wash watch wear
1 My hands are dirty, ...I’m going to wash..... them.
2 What ...are you going to wear...to the party tonight?
3 I don’t want to go home by bus. I.......................................................................
4 John is going to London next week. He ....................................................... with
some friends.
5 I’m hungry. I............................................................................. this sandwich.
6 It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. We .......................................... her a present.
7 Sue says she’s feeling very tired. She ........................................... for an hour.
8 There’s a good film on TV this evening. .......................... you ...................... it?
9 What................................Rachel ..............................when she leaves school?
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the ‘be going to’ form.
1 You (miss) your train.
2 The pressure cooker (explode).
3 When you (pay) the bill?
4 She (dye) the old curtains blue.
5 We (make) this whisky bottle into a lamp.
6 What you (do) with this room?
I (paint) the walls in black and white stripes.
7 The umpire (blow) his whistle.
8 You (eat) all that?
9 That man with the tomato in his hand (throw) it at the speaker.
10 That door (slam).
11 The bull (attack) us.
12 It (rain). Look at those clouds.
13 The cat (have) kittens.
14 The men in the helicopter (try) to rescue the man in the water.
15 That rider (fall) off.
16 These two men (cycle) across Africa.
17 The Lord Mayor is standing up. He (make) a speech.
18 He (grow) a beard when he leaves school.
19 This aeroplane (crash).
20 I (stop) here for a moment to get some petrol.
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the ‘be going to’ form.
1 You (ask) him to help you?
2 I’ve lent you my car once. I (not do) it again.
3 I have seen the play. Now I (read) the book.
4 Small boy: I (be) a frogman when I grow up.
5 I (not sleep) in this room. It is haunted.
6 We (buy) a metal detector and look for buried treasure.
7 You (reserve) a seat?
8 I (plant) an oak tree here.
9 The dog (bury) the bone.
10 I (have) a bath.
11 I (smuggle) this out of the country.
12 There was very little blossom this spring. Apples (be) scarce.
13 I don’t like this macaroni. I (not finish) it.
14 I (not stay) here another minute.
15 They (try) him for manslaughter when he comes out of hospital.
16 We (make) a lot of money out of this.
4. Answer the questions. You are going to do all these things but you haven’t done
them yet. Use going to and the word(s) in brackets.
1 Have you cleaned the car? (tomorrow) Not yet. I ...’m going to clean it tomorrow...
2 Have you phoned Sally? (later) Not yet ..........................................................
3 Have you done the shopping? (this afternoon) Not yet. ..................................
4 Have you read the paper? (after dinner) Not....................................................
5 Have you had dinner? (just) .............................................................................
5. Write a question with going to for each situation.
1 Your friend has won some money. You ask:
(what / do with it?) ...What are you going to do with it?...
2 Your friend is going to a party tonight. You ask:
(what/wear?)..........................................................................................................
3 Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:
(where /put it?)......................................................................................................
4 Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:
(who / invite?).......................................................................................................
6. Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to.
1 You have decided to write some letters this evening.
FRIEND: Are you going out this evening? YOU: No, ... I’m going to write some
letters...
2 You are a smoker but you have decided to give it up soon.
FRIEND: Smoking is very bad for you. YOU: I know. ....................................
3 You have been offered a job but you have decided not to take it.
FRIEND: I hear you’ve been offered a job. YOU: That’s right, but ....................
4 You are in a restaurant. The food is awful and you’ve decided to complain.
FRIEND: This food is awful, isn’t it? YOU: Yes, it’s disgusting. .........................
7. What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.
1 There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. (rain) ...It’s going to rain....
2 It is 8.30. Jack is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey
takes 30 minutes. (late) He....................................................................
3 There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the
hole.
(sink) The boat .....................................................................................................
4 Emma is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol
station is a long way away.
(run out) She ......................................................................................................
8. Complete the sentences with was/were going to + one of these verbs:
give up have phone play travel
1 We ...were going to travel... by train but then we decided to go by car instead.
2 We ......................................................... tennis yesterday but it rained all day.
3 I................................................ Jim, but I decided to write him a letter instead.
4 When I last saw Tim, he ................................................ his job but in the end he
decided not to.
5 We ................................................... a party last week but some of our friends
couldn’t come, so we cancelled it.
Unit 11. The Future Continuous Tense
Explanatory Notes
The Future Continuous Tense indicates continuing action, something that will
be happening, going on, at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the
auxiliary ‘will’ plus ‘be’ plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
I will be running in next year’s Boston Marathon.
Our campaign plans suggest that the President will be winning the southern vote by
November.
Affirmative
I (shall) will be going
You will be going
He/she/it will be going
We (shall) will be going
You will be going
They will be going
Negative
I (shall) will not be going
You will not be going
He/she/it will not be going
We (shall) will not be going
You will not be going
They will not be going
Interrogative
Shall I be going? Shall we be going?
Will you be going? Will you be going?
Will he/she/it be going? Will they be going?
We also use the future continuous when the future activity or event is the result
of a previous decision or arrangement:
He will be taking up his place at university in July. (the result of a previous decision)
She will be performing every day until the end of the month. (part of a schedule)
or of a routine activity:
We’ll be going to my brother’s house again for Christmas. (we always go there)
I’ll be seeing Tony on Tuesday. That’s when we usually meet.
We can often use either the future continuous or the present continuous when
we talk about planned activities or events in the future:
We will be leaving / are leaving for Istanbul at 7.00 in the evening.
Professor Hodge will be giving / is giving the first presentation at the conference. But
we prefer the present continuous to talk about surprising or unexpected activities or
events:
Have you heard the news? Dr Radford is leaving! (rather than ...will be leaving.)
When we use the future continuous, we are often referring simply to some
future event or action that has been previously arranged. However, we use will, not
the future continuous, to talk about such things as decisions that people have made,
willingness to do things, inviting, promising, etc.
Ann will help us organise the party. (she is willing to help)
Ann will be helping us to organise the party. ( a previous arrangement)
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous tense.
1 This time next month I (sit) on a beach.
2 When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit.
3 When we reach England it very likely (rain).
4 In a few days time we (fly) over the Pyrenees.
5 I’ll call for her at eight.
No, don’t; she still (have) breakfast then.
6 I (wait) for you when you come out.
7 When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.
8 My son will be in the sixth form next year.
That means that old Dr Adder (teach) him mathematics.
9 I’ll give Jack your message. I can do it easily because I (see) him tomorrow. We go
to work on the same train.
10 You (do) geometry next term.
11 I’ll look out for you at the parade.
Do, but I (wear) uniform so you may find it hard to recognize me.
12 We have to do night duty here. I (do) mine next week.
13 In a hundred years’ time people (go) to Mars for their holidays.
14 He (use) the car this afternoon.
15 I (see) you again.
16 It’s a serious injury but he (walk) again in six weeks.
17 I’ll come at three o’clock.
Good, I (expect) you.
18 They are pulling down all the old houses in this street. I expect they (pull) down
mine in a few years’ time.
19 I’d like to see your new flat.
Well, come tomorrow, but it (not look) its best, for the painters still (work) on it.
20 Stand there, they (change) the guard in a minute and you’ll get a good view.
1 You’d better go back now; your mother (wonder) where you are.
2 In fifty years’ time we (live) entirely on pills.
3 What do you think the children (do) when we get home?
I expect they (have) their supper.
4 The garden (look) its best next month.
5 It won’t be easy to get out of the country. The police (watch) all the ports.
6 What the tide (do) at six tomorrow morning?
It (come) in.
7 I’ve just remembered that I left the bathroom taps on. I expect the water (flow)
down the stairs by now.
8 You (need) your camera tomorrow or can I borrow it?
9 We’ve just got to the top in time. The sun (rise) in a minute.
10 Air hostess: We (take off) in a few minutes. Please fasten your safety belts.
11 We’d better go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano all day.
12 Don’t ring her up at 6.00; she (put) the children to bed. Ring later.
13 We are making a house-to-house collection of things for the jumble sale. We
(come) to your house next week.
14 That football club has lost some of its players. They (look out) for new men.
15 When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me.
16 Let’s go down to the harbour; the fishing boats all (come) in because of the gale.
1 This time next year I (sit) in the chairman’s chair.
2 When you come I probably (sleep).
3 In a few days’ time we (sail) down the Rhine.
4 We (wait) for them when they arrive.
5 He (deliver) a special grammar course next year.
6 Put on your new suit, because I (wear) my best dress.
7 You’d better ring up your parents, they (wonder) where you are.
8 When we get back home the fire (burn) brightly in the fire-place.
9 I (come) round to see you next week.
10 We (see) a lot of each other at the seaside.
4. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use
between two and five words, including the word given. Do not change the word
given.
1 When I come to school tomorrow, I’m going to wear my glasses. BE
Next time you see me, ……………………………………….my glasses.
2 Kallitsa is only going to wait for him until 8.15. WON’T
At 8.30 Kallitsa ………………………………………. for him.
3 He’s going to go on writing books all his life. HE’LL
In ten years’ time …………………………………………… books.
4 Ben sets off at 7.30. It takes him an hour to drive to work. DRIVING
At 7.45 on Monday morning …………………………………………. to work.
5 Fatima does her shopping at about this time every week. WILL
This time next week ………………………………………..her shopping.
6 We only watch television at the weekend. BE
Next Tuesday evening we ……………………………………… television.
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form, using will + infinitive or
the future continuous. (Where alternative forms are possible they will be given in the
key.)
1 There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone (walk) to work next week.
2 You’ve just missed the last train!
Never mind, I (walk).
3 I’ll ring you tomorrow at six.
No, don’t ring at six; I (bath) the baby then. Ring later.
4 Mother: Your face is dirty.
Child: All right, I (wash) it.
5 Will you have lunch with me on the 24th?
I’d love to, but I’m afraid I (do) my exam then.
6 I (work) for Mr Pitt next week as his own secretary will be away.
7 You (have) something to drink, won’t you?
8 Why did you take his razor? He (look) for it everywhere tomorrow.
9 I hope you’ll do well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you.
10 Notice on board ship: In the event of an emergency all passengers
(assemble) on the boat deck.
the future continuous.
1 I don’t feel well enough to go to the station to meet him.
I (meet) him for you. But how I (recognize) him?
He’s small and fair, and he (wear) a black and white school cap.
2 I (leave) these flowers at the hospital for you. I (go) there anyway to visit my
cousin.
3 You ought to try to get a ticket for the Spectators’ Gallery next week; they (debate)
international fishing rights.
4 You’ve left the light on.
Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off.
5 I’ve just been appointed assistant at the local library.
Then you (work) under my sister. She is head librarian there.
6 I want to post this letter but I don’t want to go out in the rain.
I (post) it for you. I (go) out anyway as I have to take the dog for a walk.
7 The prima ballerina is ill, so I expect her understudy (dance) instead.
8 Today is Guy Fawkes’ Day; this evening people (let) off fireworks and (make)
bonfires in the streets.
9 Military order: Sentries (remain) on duty till they are relieved.
10 This time next Monday I (sit) in a Paris cafe reading Le Figaro.
You (not read). You’ll be looking at all the pretty girls.
11 Wages have gone up, so I suppose prices (go up) too.
12 It is nearly autumn; soon the leaves (change) colour.
13 Mother (on phone): My son has just burnt his hand very badly. Doctor: I (come) at
once.
14 Customer in restaurant: Waiter, this plate is dirty. Waiter: I’m sorry, sir, I (bring)
you another.
15 In a few years’ time we all (live) in houses heated by solar energy.
the future continuous.
1 It’s beginning to get dark; the street lights (go on) in a few minutes.
2 We (not play) poker at the party tonight; our hostess doesn’t approve of cards.
3 Let’s wait here; the swing bridge (open) in a minute to let that ship through.
4 Guest: May I use your phone to ring for a taxi?
Hostess: Oh, there’s no need for that; my son (drive) you home.
5 Come on deck; we (enter) harbour in a few minutes.
6 Before you leave the office you (hand) the keys of the safe to Mr Pitt. Do you
understand?
Yes, sir.
7 Are you nearly ready? Our guests (arrive) any minute.
8 Loudspeaker announcement: The ship (leave) in a few minutes and all persons not
travelling are asked to go ashore.
9 Now that the parking regulations have become stricter, more people (use) public
transport and (leave) their cars at home.
10 I’ve got rats in my basement and I don’t know how to get rid of them.
I (bring) my dog round whenever you like. He (catch) them for you.
11 I’m afraid I’ve just broken your goldfish bowl.
Never mind, I (put) the goldfish in the bath.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form, using won’t + infinitive
or the future continuous negative. (Where other future forms are also possible this
will be noted in the key.)
1 I don’t like that man and I (not help) him.
2 He (not meet) her, because they will be in different places.
3 My husband (not cut) down the tree. He says that it is perfectly all right as it is.
4 My husband (not cut) the hedge for some time, because he’s got a lot of other jobs
to do first.
5 Tom (not come) to our party, because he will be away on that date.
6 Peter says that he (not come) to our party. He doesn’t approve of parties.
7 She says that she (not lend) me the book, because I never give books back.
8 Mr Pitt (not speak) at the meeting tonight, because he has unexpectedly had to go to
hospital.
9 I’ll work under anyone except my brother. I (not work) under him.
10 We’ll be in the same firm, but we (not work) together, because we’ll be in
different departments.
11 I (not have) that boy in my class. He is far too noisy.
12 I (not teach) you next week, as I have to go to Paris.
13 He is so angry with his sister that he (not speak) to her.
14 I’ll give your message to my sister when I write; but I (not write) for some time, as
I only write once a month and I posted a letter to her yesterday.
15 I (not feed) your dog again. He always tries to bite me when I come near him.
Unit 12. The Future Perfect Simple and
The Future Perfect Continuous Tenses
Explanatory Notes
The Simple Future Perfect Tense indicates that an action will have been
completed (finished or ‘perfected’) at some point in the future. This tense is formed
with ‘will’ plus ‘have’ plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular
or irregular in form):
I will have spent all my money by this time next year.
I will have run successfully in three marathons if I can finish this one.
Affirmative
I (shall) will have gone
You will have gone
He/she/it will have gone
We (shall) will have gone
You/they will have gone
Negative
I (shall) will not have gone
You will not have gone
He/she/it will not have gone
We (shall) will not have gone
You will not have gone
They will not have gone
Interrogative
Shall I have gone? Shall we have gone?
Will you have gone? Will you have gone?
Will he/she/it have gone? Will they have gone?
We use the simple future perfect to say that something will be ended,
completed, or achieved by a particular point in the future:
Let’s hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island.
Although people are now angry about what he did, I’m sure that his behaviour will
soon have been forgotten. (passive form)
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense indicates a continuous action that will
be completed at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the auxiliary
‘will’ plus the auxiliary ‘have’ plus ‘been’ plus the present participle of the verb
(with an -ing ending):
Next Thursday, I will have been working on this project for three years.
Affirmative
I (shall) will have been going
You/he/she/it will have been going
We (shall) will have been going
You/they will have been going
Negative
I (shall) will not have been going
You will not have been going
He/she/it will not have been going
We (shall) will not have been going
You will not have been going
They will not have been going
Interrogative
Shall I have been going? Shall we have been going?
Will you have been going? Will you have been going?
Will he/she/it have been going? Will they have been going?
We can use the future perfect continuous to emphasise how long something has
been going on by a particular point in the future:
On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year.
Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years.
In sentences with the future perfect continuous we usually mention both the
particular point in the future (‘On Saturday...’, ‘Next year...’) and the period of time
until this point (‘...for a year’, ‘...for 20 years’). Notice that we don’t usually use the
future perfect continuous with verbs describing states:
Next month I will have known Derek for 20 years. (not ...will have been knowing...)
1. Fill the gaps, using the Future Perfect and the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 By 1999 they ……………………….. married for fifty years. (be)
2 Kate’s language course ………………………. by the end of the year. (finish)
3 The company ………………………..10,000 cars before December. (produce)
4 By 5 o’clock this afternoon Linda ……………………… twenty letters. (type)
5 Matthew ……………………… 2000 kilometres across the Sahara by next
Thursday. (drive)
6 Next time you see me I …………………………….. my exam, I hope. (pass)
7 I’m sorry, but I …………………………… the report by tonight. (not / finish)
8 ………………..you …………………….. it by tomorrow morning? (finish)
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.
1 In a month’s time he (finish) all this work.
2 I (read) this bibliography by the end of the term.
3 By the time the winter comes he (build) himself a log-cabin.
4 By the time we get to the stadium the game (finish).
5 In 1983 he (be) an actor for twenty years.
6 The doctor (start) out on his round by the time you leave.
7 All the beautiful things (sell) by the time you make up your mind to buy something.
8 If you stay away another week, I (not see) you for 5 whole weeks.
9 By six o’clock she (take) her lesson.
10 The expedition (reach) the North Pole by May.
1 In a fortnight’s time we (take) our exam.
2 I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
3 By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.
4 By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.
5 I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).
6 I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
7 By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.
8 When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world.
9 At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.
10 By this time next year I (save) £250.
1 By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten.
2 The train (leave) before we reach the station.
3 If I continue with my diet, I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.
4 By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.
5 By the end of this week my illness (cost) me £100.
6 By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £25,000 on his education.
7 By the end of the term 1 (read) all twelve volumes.
8 When you come back I (finish) all the housework.
9 The police (hear) of the theft by this time.
10 We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year.
11 On the fourth of next month he (be) in prison for ten years.
12 When we reach Crewe we (do) half of the journey.
13 At this rate you (break) all the wine glasses by the end of the month.
14 If we don’t hurry, the sun (rise) before we reach the top.
15 I’m going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches.
You’ll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and
everybody (go) home.
1 By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.
2 By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition.
3 By next April I (pay) £3,000 in income tax.
4 I suppose that when I come back in ten years’ time ail these old houses (be) pulled
down.
4 On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years.
5 After this performance I (see) Hamlet twenty-two times.
6 The strike leader said, ‘By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike.’
7 At your present rate you (burn) all that coal by the end of the month.
8 The treasurer said, ‘By the end of the year all our debts (be paid) off.’
9 Tourist: We’ve only got five hours in Rome; we are leaving at six; but I’m sure that
we (see) everything of importance by then.
10 Householder to Zoo: One of your elephants is in my garden eating my tomatoes.
Zoo official: The elephant keeper will be with you in half an hour.
Householder: Your elephant (eat) all my tomatoes by then.
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense or the present perfect tense.
MODEL: 1 You (mend) it by 5 o’clock.
2 I’ll stay until you (mend) it.
Answer: 1 You will have mended it by 5 o’clock.
2 I’ll stay until you have mended it.
1 The trees will look very bare as soon as the leaves (fall).
2 When I (do) four years, I’ll decide in what branch I’ll specialize.
3 He (break in) the horse by mid September.
4 They (call off) the game by the time we get there.
5 Put your knife and fork side by side on the plate, when you (finish) eating.
6 If you (still, not find) it by 9 o’clock, I’ll ask them for another copy.
7 Mark (cut) heavily into the money by the time he is 21.
8 I’m going to make a cup of coffee after I (shave).
9 Alice (do up) the parcel by the time the van arrives.
10 The police (catch) the prisoner by dusk.
11 I think he’ll make a very good manager when he (have) a few years’ experience.
12 Most students (drop off) by the end of term.
13 I’ll have to go as soon as I (tell) him.
14 The debt (be paid) by then.
1 I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer.
2 By the end of next week my wife (do) her spring cleaning and we’ll all be able to
relax again.
3 Yes, I make jam every week. I (make) about 200 kilos by the end of the summer.
4 In two months’ time he (finish) his preliminary training and will be starting work.
5 He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says that by the end of next year he
(plant) 2,000.
6 I’ll be back again at the end of next month.
I hope I (pass) my driving test by then. If I have, I’ll meet your train.
7 Come back in an hour. I (do) my packing by then and we’ll be able to have a talk.
8 When he reaches Land’s End he (walk) 1,500 miles.
9 He’s only 35 but he’s started losing his hair already. He (lose) it all by the time he’s
50.
10 His father left him £400,000, but he lives so extravagantly that he (spend) it all
before he’s 30.
1 By the end of next year I (work) for him for 45 years.
2 Everywhere you go in central London you see blocks of flats being pulled down
and huge hotels being erected. In ten years’ time all the private residents (be driven)
out and there’ll be nothing but one vast hotel after another.
3 Our committee is trying to raise money to buy a new lifeboat. By the end of the
year we (send) out 5,000 letters asking for contributions.
4 By the end of my tour I (give) exactly the same lecture 53 times.
5 A hundred people have died of starvation already. By the end of the week two
hundred (die). When are you going to send help?
6 Since he began driving, Tom has driven an average of 5,000 miles a year, and had
an average of 2x2 accidents a year. So by the time he’s 60 he (drive) 200,000 miles
and had 50 accidents. Let’s try to persuade him to go back to cycling.
7 Did you say you wanted help picking apples? I could come on 1 October.
We (pick) them all by then. But come all the same.
8 Apparently Venice is slowly sinking into the sea. Scientists are trying to save it but
by the time they’ve found the answer the city probably (sink).
9. Complete the sentence with either the simple future perfect or the future perfect
continuous for each situation.
1 Simon started to learn Spanish when he was 25. He is still learning Spanish. When
he’s 40, he will have been learning Spanish for 15 years.
2 Every day, Peter eats three bars of chocolate on the way home from school. Before
he gets home from school tonight Peter ………..……………………….
3 So many people enter the New York Marathon that the last runners start several
minutes after the ones at the front.
By the time the last runners start, the ones at the front …………………….….
4 I started writing this book 3 years ago next month.
By next month I...................................................................................................
5 The company is spending $5 million on developing the software before it goes on
sale.
By the time the software goes on sale, the company ……………………………
6 I’m going to paint the front door today. I’ll finish it before you get back.
When you get back, I..............................................................................................
Revision Exercises
The Future Forms
1. Match the sentences in A with the functions in B.
A
1 We’ll have a thunderstorm tonight, I’m sure. d
2 Will there be a general strike?
3 I’ll send you a card from Florida.
4 Will you write to me?
5 Shall I go to the post office for you?
6 Shall we take a drive into the country later?
7 I’ll report you to the police next time.
8 The wedding will take place next Friday.
9 I hope you’ll come and see us again.
10 Tell them again. Perhaps they’ll understand.
11 Will you have lunch with us on Sunday?
12 I’ll be seeing John at the meeting tomorrow.
B
a) making a formal announcement
b) making a request
c) stating a planned arrangement
d) making a prediction
e) making an invitation
f) asking for a prediction
g) promising/stating intention
h) expressing future hope
i) expressing future uncertainty
j) threatening
k) offering
l) making a suggestion
2. Supply will + verb or will be + -ing. Where both are possible, see if you can ‘feel’
the different effect of the simple future compared with thecontinuous.
1 Sit down and fasten your seat belt. We ...will take off... in a few minutes, (take off)
2 When .......................... to the bank to draw some money? (you go)
3 Do you think you .......................... here in five years’ time? (still work)
4 They .......................... from Dover, not Folkestone. (sail)
5 The President.......................... the Prime Minister before flying back home. (meet)
6 So you’re stopping off in Dubai on your way to Beijing. How long ..................
there? (you stay)
7 We .......................... to London next Monday morning. (drive)
8 By this time next year, I.......................... my memoirs. (write)
9 In five years’ time a permanent space station .......................... the moon. (circle)
10 I don’t think I.......................... him tonight. (see)
3. Supply will + verb or will be + -ing whichever ‘feels’ appropriate in this dialogue.
Situation: Susan and her family will be setting out on holiday tomorrow morning.
MEG: So you’re off on holiday tomorrow. How exciting! What time (you leave)1
…will you be leaving….?
SUE: We (leave)2.............. the house at about 6 a.m.
MEG: 6 a.m.! Why so early? You don’t have to check in till 9.45. You (arrive)3
.............. at the airport terribly early!
SUE: I know, but the airport is very busy at this time of the year and we want to awid
the rush. We (check in)4 ............. as quickly as we can, then we (have) 5 ..............
breakfast at the cafeteria.
MEG: I’m sure that’s wise of you. Imagine! By this time tomorrow evening you
(lie)6.............. on the beach and I (do) 7.............. the ironing or something!
SUE: I hope you’re right! I hope we (not sit around)8.............. at the airport. You
never know these days!
4. Put in the simple future, the future continuous or the future perfect simple.
FLYING JUNK
By the middle of the 21st century we (build)1 … will have built… space stations
which (circle)2............................. the earth and (probably circle)3 ...................... the
moon, too. We (establish) 4............................. bases on planets like Mars. At present,
we use radar to ‘watch’ nearly 8,000 objects in space. In addition, there are at least
30,000 bits of rubbish from the size of marbles to the size of basket balls flying round
the earth. These (increase)5............................. in number by the year 2050 and (orbit)6
............................. the earth. All these bits and pieces are watched by NORAD (North
American Radar Defence Command). NORAD (have)7 ........................... more and
more rubbish to watch as the years go by. Some bits fall back to earth, like the
Russian satellite C954, which crashed in the Northern Territories of Canada in 1978.
Crashing junk could give us a bad headache. Most of the stuff (stay)8
............................ up there (we hope)! The sad fact is that we who are alive today (not
clear up)9............................. our own junk tomorrow. Perhaps we (just
watch)10............................. from some other (safe) place as it goes round and round
the earth!
5. Supply be going to or ’ll in this dialogue.
Situation: Mr Sims is driving. His wife is sitting beside him.
HE: Where (we spend) … are we going to spend … the night?
SHE: Cardiff. I’ve booked us in at the Angel Hotel. Why do you ask?
HE: That’s another thirty miles away. We (run)2.............. out of petrol before we get
there. I (stop)3.............. at the next filling-station.
Half an hour later.
SHE: This road goes on forever.
HE: We (get)4.............. stuck. The car’s stopping. We (have to)5 .............. walk.
SHE: Come on then. Perhaps someone (give)6.............. us a lift.
HE: Not a filling-station in sight and look at those black clouds. It (rain)7 ...............
SHE: Look! A car’s coming. I (wave)8 .............. to the driver.
HE: Oh good!. He’s slowing down. He (stop)9...............
6. Which is correct?
1 ‘Did you phone Ruth?’ ‘Oh no, I forgot. I phone / I’ll phone her now.’ (I’ll phone is
correct)
2 I can’t meet you tomorrow afternoon. I’m playing / I’ll play tennis. (I’m playing is
correct)
3 ‘I meet / I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?’ ‘Yes, that’s fine.’
4 ‘I need some money.’ ‘OK, I’m lending / I’ll lend you some. How much do you
need?’
5 I’m having / I’ll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come. ‘
6 ‘Remember to buy a newspaper when you go out.’ ‘OK. I don’t forget /1 won’t
forget.’
7 What time does your train leave / will your train leave tomorrow?
8 I asked Sue what happened but she doesn’t tell / won’t tell me.
9 ‘Are you doing / Will you do anything tomorrow evening?’ ‘No, I’m free. Why?’
10 I don’t want to go out alone. Do you come / Will you come with me?
11 It’s a secret between us. I promise I don’t tell /1 won’t tell anybody.
7. Complete the sentences using will (’ll) or going to.
1 A: Why are you turning on the television? B: ...I’m going to watch... the news.
(I/watch)
2 A: Oh, I’ve just realised. I haven’t got any money.
B: Haven’t you? Well, don’t worry. ................................... you some. (I/lend)
3 A: I’ve got a headache.
B: Have you? Wait there and .................................... an aspirin for you. (I/get)
4 A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: ............................................................................ the car. (I/wash)
5 A: I’ve decided to repaint this room.
B: Oh, have you? What colour .................................................. it? (you/paint)
6 A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes,............................................................ something for dinner. (I/buy)
7 A: I don’t know how to use this camera.
B: It’s quite easy. ................................................................... you. (I/show)
8 A: What would you like to eat?
B: ........................................................................ a sandwich, please. (I/have)
9 A: Did you post that letter for me?
B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. ........................................ it now. (I/do)
10 A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if.................................................................. down. (it/fall)
11 A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?
B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. ................................................ a holiday for a
few weeks and then ............................................. a computer programming course.
(he/have, he/do)
8. Read the situations and complete the sentences using will (‘ll) or going to.
1 The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim.
CALLER: Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please?
YOU: Just a moment. ................................................................... him. (I/get)
2 It’s a nice day. You’ve decided to sit in the garden. Before going outside, you tell
your friend.
YOU: The weather’s too nice to stay indoors. ............................................ in the
garden. (I/sit)
FRIEND: That’s a good idea. I think ................................................ you. (I/join)
3 Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter.
YOU: Don’t worry about the letter. I’m sure .................................... it. (you/find)
FRIEND: I hope so.
4 There was a job advertised in the paper recently. At first you were interested but
then you decided not to apply.
FRIEND: Have you decided what to do about that job that was advertised? YOU: I
Yes, I................................................................... for it. (I/not/apply)
5 You and a friend come home very late. Other people in the house are asleep. Your
friend is noisy.
YOU: Shhh! Don’t make so much noise. ........................................ everybody up.
(you/wake)
6 John has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow morning.
JOHN: Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning. ANN:
That’s no problem. ........................ you. (I/take) What time is your flight?
JOHN: 10.50.
ANN: OK. .................................................. at about 9 o’clock then. (we/leave)
Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport.
JOE: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
JOHN: No thanks, Joe. ........................................................... me. (Ann/take)
9. Read about Colin. Then you have to tick (√) the sentences which are true. In each
group of sentences at least one is true.
Colin goes to work every day. He leaves home at 8 o’clock and arrives at work at
about 8.45. He starts work immediately and continues until 12.30 when he has
lunch (which takes about half an hour). He starts work again at 1.15 and goes
home at exactly 4.30. Every day he follows the same routine and tomorrow will
be no exception.
1 At 7.45
a he’ll be leaving the house
b he’ll have left the house
c he’ll be at home √
d he’ll be having breakfast √
2 At 8.15
a he’ll be leaving the house
b he’ll have left the house
c he’ll have arrived at work
d he’ll be arriving at work
3 At 9.15
a he’ll be working
b he’ll start work
c he’ll have started work
d he’ll be arriving at work
4 At 12.45
a he’ll have lunch
b he’ll be having lunch
c he’ll have finished his lunch
d he’ll have started his lunch
5 At 4 o’clock
a he’ll have finished work
b he’ll finish work
c he’ll be working
d he won’t have finished work
6 At 4.45
a he’ll leave work
b he’ll be leaving work
c he’ll have left work
d he’ll have arrived home
10. Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
1 Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. ...We’ll be having... (we/have) dinner then.
2 Phone me after 8 o’clock. ...................................... (we/finish) dinner by then.
3 Tomorrow aftecnoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So at 4
o’clock, ............................................... (we/play) tennis.
4 A: Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?
B: Not in the afternoon, .................................................. (I/work).
5 B has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 o’clock. It wilt last about an hour.
A: Will you be free at 11.30?
B: Yes, .......................................................... (the meeting/finish) by that time.
6 Tom is on holiday and tie is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like
this, ............................................ (he/spend) all his money before the end of his
holiday.
7 Chuck came to Britain from the USA nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will
be exactly three years. So on Monday, …………............................ (he/be) in Britain
for exactly three years.
8 Do you think ......................................................... (you/still/do) the same job in ten
years’ time?
9 Jane is from New Zealand. She is travelling around Europe at the moment. So far
she has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip, …………………
………………. (she/travel) more than 3,000 miles.
10 If you need to contact me, …………………………......... (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel
until Friday.
11 A: ................................................. (you/see) Laura tomorrow?
B: Yes, probably. Why?
A: I borrowed this book from her. Can you give it back to her?
11. Use the present continuous where possible in the following sentences and put the
remaining verbs into the ‘be going to’ form.
1 I (play) bridge tonight with Tom and Ann.
2 He (have) an operation next week.
3 It’s very cold. I (light) a fire.
4 We (have) some friends to lunch tomorrow.
5 I’ve bought a piano; it (be) delivered this afternoon.
Where you (put) it?
I (put) it in the dining room.
6 You (go) to the auction tomorrow?
Yes, I (go) but 1 (not buy) anything.
7 I’ve reminded you once; I (not do) it again.
8 I (have) my hair cut this afternoon.
9 My nephew (come) to stay with me next weekend.
Where you (put) him?
I (put) him in the room in the tower.
10 Our class (start) German next term.
11 I (spend) a few days in London next week.
12 The Town Council (build) a new school here.
13 What you (tell) the police?
I (tell) them the truth.
14 He (start) tomorrow.
15 The Queen (open) Parliament next month.
16 The Prime Minister (speak) on TV tonight.
17 This shop (close) down next week.
18 When you (have) your next lesson?
I (have) it on Monday.
19 I (collect) my new dress this afternoon.
20 We (take) the children to the seaside this summer.
12. Put the verbs in brackets into one of these two forms. Where both are possible it
will be noted in the key. (In some examples the present continuous tense could be
used instead of the ‘be going to’ form.)
1 You (open) the door for me, please?
Yes, certainly.
2 You (do) the washing-up tonight?
No, I think it can wait till tomorrow.
3 I’m looking for my easel.
You (paint) someone’s portrait?
4 ‘You (read) this passage aloud, please,’ said the examiner.
5 You (eat) any more of this, or shall I tell the waiter to take it away?
6 You aren’t wearing your climbing boots. You (not climb) the mountain with the
others?
7 ‘You (listen) to me!’ said his mother angrily.
8 You (put) my car away from me, please?
Yes, certainly.
9 You (have) another cup of coffee?
No, thank you.
10 Why did you buy all these eggs? You (make) an enormous omelette?
11 There’s the phone again. Take no notice.
You (not answer) it?
12 You (come) and see me after the class? I want to discuss your work
with you.
13 I see that you have ordered the Guardian. You really (read) it?
14 You (buy) stamps?
Yes, I am.
Then you (buy) some for me, please?
15 You (lend) me your fishing rod?
Yes, of course. Where you (fish)?
13. Complete the dialogue, using the words in brackets.
Pam: What are you doing this weekend?
Sylvie: 1)……………………………….. (visit / cousin / Paris)
Pam: 2) That’s nice. ……………………………? (you / fly)
Sylvie: 3) No, I ………………………….. (go / coach)
Pam: 4)……………………………………..? (time / it / leave)
Sylvie: 5) At 3.30 today. I ……………………………. (send / you / postcard)
14. Complete the sentences with the most natural future form. More than one form
may be possible.
1 The President .................................... in Atlanta at 5.42. (arrive)
2 You ...................................... that film. It’s too violent. (not / like)
3 She ...................................... French at university when she leaves school. (study)
4 I ...................................... some old friends this weekend. (visit)
5 Look at those dark clouds! It ....................................... (rain)
6 We ...................................... in the south of Spain as usual this summer. (be)
7 It’s rather hot. I ...................................... the window. (open)
8 I ...................................... very hard in my new job. I start on Monday. (work)
9 We ...................................... a car this weekend. (not hire)
10 How old ......................... you ...................... in December? (be)
11 ..................you ...................... me know how much it costs, please? (let)
12 I think I ...................................... him when I get home. (phone)
13 .................. I ........................... you with the washing-up? (help)
14 I know he’s in prison, but I ...................................... him! (see)
15 The photos ...................................... ready by Wednesday. (be)
15. Complete the dialogue, using the words in brackets and the correct future form.
Brenda: What 1) …………………………………(you / do) this time next year?
Rosemary: I 2) …………………….(study) medicine at university. What about
you?
Brenda: Well, I 3) ………………………(teach) in Italy. I 4) ………………….
(finish) my teacher training course by then, you see.
Rosemary: We 5) ……………………..(not / see) each other for ages. Next time I see
you, you 6) ………………………..(probably / get married) and 7)……….
………….(have) three children!
Brenda: Well, next time I see you, I expect you 8) ……………………………..
(discover) a cure for the common cold!
16. Put the verbs in brackets into future forms.
1 Why are you taking all that bread with you? You (feed) the swans?
2 You (let) your flat again next summer?
3 You (light) the fire for me, please? Here are the matches.
4 You (wear) a tie tomorrow?
Oh no. Tom said, ‘Come as you are.’
5 I know you don’t like wearing ties, but (wear) one tomorrow, just to please me?
Yes, of course.
6 Shop assistant: You (come) this way, please?
7 You (have) something more to eat?
Yes, please, I’d like another sandwich.
8 You (have) anything more to eat?
No, because I haven’t any more money.
9 You (study) computer programming at college?
10 You (speak) to Tom at the meeting tomorrow, do you think?
11 You (turn) off the TV, please? No one is watching it.
12 You (take) your exam now or in December?
13 You (listen) in to the concert this evening?
14 You (help) me with this, please? I can’t lift it.
15 Hotel receptionist: You (stay) for more than one night, Mrs Jones?
17. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple future tense or the ‘be going to’ form.
1 Where are you off to with that ladder?
I (have) a look at the roof; it’s leaking and I think a tile has slipped.
2 We bought our new garage in sections and we (assemble) it ourselves.
That sounds rather interesting. I (come) and help you if you like.
3 Why do you want all the furniture out of the room?
Because I (shampoo) the carpet. It’s impossible to do it unless you take everything
off it first.
4 Here are the matches: but what do you want them for?
I (make) a bonfire at the end of the garden; I want to burn that big heap of rubbish.
Well, be careful. If the fire gets too big, it (burn) the apple trees.
5 Have you decided on your colour scheme?
Oh yes, and I’ve bought the paint. I (paint) this room blue and the sitting room
green.
6 Why are you asking everyone to give you bits of material?
Because I (make) a patchwork quilt.
7 I wonder if Ann knows that the time of the meeting has been changed.
Probably not. I (look) in on my way home and tell her. I’m glad you thought of it.
8 Leave a note for them on the table and they (see) it when they come in.
9 I’m afraid I’m not quite ready.
Never mind. I (wait).
10 Do you have to carry so much stuff on your backs?
Yes, we do. We (camp) out and (cook) our own meals, so we have to carry a lot.
11 I’ve been measuring the windows. I (put) in double glazing.
12 You (wear) that nice dress in a dinghy?
Of course not! I (sit) on the pier and (watch) you all sailing. I (not get) all wet and
muddy and pretend that I’m enjoying it!
13 If you leave your keys with the hall porter, he (take) the car round to the garage.
14 Shop assistant: We have some very nice strawberries.
Customer: All right. I (have) a pound.
15 Husband: This bread is absolutely tasteless! I wish we could have home-made
bread.
Wife: All right. I (start) making it. I (get) a book about home baking today, and
from now on I (bake) all our bread!
18. Put the verbs in brackets into the future tense simple or continuous.
1 Jack usually gives me a lift home, but we both (come) home by train tomorrow as
his car is being repaired.
2 He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I’m sure he (forget) to turn up.
3 Don’t ring now; she (watch) her favourite TV programme.
All right. I (ring) at 8.30.
4 I wonder what I (do) this time next year.
I expect you still (work) at the same office.
5 I’d like to double-glaze the bedroom windows.
All right. I (get) the materials at once and we (do) it this weekend.
6 Wait a bit. Don’t drink your tea without milk. The milkman (come) in a minute.
7 What are you doing next weekend?
Oh, I (work) as usual. I’m always on duty at weekends.
8 Air hostess: We (take) off in a few minutes. Please fasten your seat belts.
9 He (come) if you ask him.
10 I arranged to play tennis with Tom at nine tonight.
But you (play) in semi-darkness. You won’t be able to see the ball.
11 I (get) you some aspirins if you like. The chemist’s still (be) open.
No, don’t bother. The office boy (go) out in a minute to post the letters; I (ask) him
to buy me some.
12 It (be) very late when she gets home and her parents (wonder) what’s happened.
13 I never (be) able to manage on my own.
But you won’t be on your own. Tom (help) you. Look - his name is bracketed with
yours on the list.
Oh, that’s all right. But Tom (not help) me: I (help) Tom. He always takes charge
when we’re on duty together.
14 I (write) postcards every week, I promise, and I (try) to make them legible. If
necessary I (type) them.
15 Typist: Are you in a hurry for this letter, Mr Jones? Because I (type) Mr White’s
letters at four o’clock and if yours could wait till.
Mr Jones: I’d like it a little earlier than four if possible.
Typist: All right. I (type) it for you now.
19. Put the verbs in brackets into the future tense simple or continuous.
1 You ask him. It’s no good my asking him. He (not do) anything I say.
2 Ann says she (not come) if Tom is driving. She says she doesn’t want to die yet.
Well, tell her Tom (not drive). He’s had his licence suspended.
3 Pupil to teacher: I (not come) back next term. My parents want me to get a job.
4 Headmaster: I (not have) girls here in slacks. If you come here tomorrow in slacks,
I’ll send you home.
Girl: All right, I (not come) tomorrow. I’ll get a job.
5 Mother: I’m so grateful for the help you’ve given Jack; I hope you’ll be able to go
on helping him.
Teacher: I’m afraid I (not teach) him next term because I only teach the fifth form
and he’ll be in the sixth.
6 Schoolboy (in school dining hall): The last week of our last term! I wonder what we
(do) this time next year.
Friend: Well, we (not eat) school dinners anyway. That’s one comfort.
7 They give very good dinners at the school but my daughter (not eat) them. She
prefers to go out and buy fish and chips.
8 Yes, you can stroke the dog; he (not bite) you.
9 Shall we meet him at the station?
Oh, he (not come) by train. He never comes by train.
10 I’ve fished that river every year for the last fifteen years.
Well, nobody (fish) it next year. The water’s been polluted. All the fish are dead.
11 I’ll cook any fish you catch, but I (not clean) them. You’ll have to do that
yourself.
12 I (not show) any films this time. The projector’s broken down.
13 Housewife: This time next week I (not wash) up the breakfast things. I (have)
breakfast in bed in a luxury hotel.
14 I (not wear) glasses when you see me next. I’ll be wearing contact lenses. You
probably (not recognize) me.
15 I’ll tell him the truth of course. But it (not be) any good. He (not believe) me.
20. Translate into English.
1 O să te doară burta dacă continui să mănânci aşa de multe prăjituri.
2 Dacă eşti cuminte, vei primi un tren electric de ziua ta.
3 Ştii cumva dacă şi compozitorul va fi acolo?
4 Vei primi tot ce doreşti dacă reuşeşti la examen.
5 E prima dată când văd o balenă adevărată.
6 Nu mă deranja la 4 după-masă. Voi dormi.
7 Te asigur că de îndată ce-l vei vedea îţi va plăcea.
Revision Exercises – The Verb
1. Complete B’s sentences, using the words in brackets.
a. A: ‘How often do you go to the theatre?’
B: ‘Very seldom. It’s nearly a year.... to the theatre.’ (since/to go)
b. A: ‘What’s the matter with your arm?’
B: ‘I fell and ... while ... football.’ (to get/to break/ to play)
c. A: ‘Did you enjoy your holiday?’
B: ‘Yes. it was really good. It was the best holiday I ever... ‘ (to have)
d. A: ‘Do you ever go skiing?’
B: ‘Not these days. I ..... a longtime.’ (to ski)
e. A: ‘Did Sharon meet Peter at the station?’
B: ‘Yes. When she got off the train, Peter already ...... for fifteen minutes.’ (to
wait)
f. A: ‘How well do you know Bill?’
B: ‘Very well. I ... since we were in college’. (to know)
g. A: ‘Was Jack tired?’
B: ‘I think so. When I got home he .... on the sofa’. (to lie)
h. A: ‘Are you free around one o’clock?’
B: ‘No, I .... with a business associate at that time. (to have lunch)
i. A: ‘What’s her new boy-friend like?’
B: ‘I’ve no idea. I .... never ...’ (to see/he)
2. Insert the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
What if he (1 - to stand) up, (2 - to go) out of the door and (3 - to walk) away
from the whole business? He ponders this thought for a while, (4 - to test) it out in his
mind, and little by little he (5 - to begin) to tremble, overcome by terror and
happiness, like a slave (6 - to stumble) upon a vision of his own freedom. He (7 - to
imagine) himself somewhere else, far away from here, (8 - to walk) through the
woods and (9 - to swing) an axe over his shoulder. Alone and free, his own man at
last. He (10 - to build) his life from the bottom up, a pioneer, a pilgrim in the new
world. But that is as far as he (11 - to get). For no sooner he (12 - to begin) to walk
through these woods of his imagination, than he (13 - to feel) Black (14 - to be) there
too, (15 - to hide) behind some trees, (16 - to wait) for him (17 - to lie) down and (18
- to close) his eyes before (19 - to sneak) up on him and (20 - to slit) his throat.
(Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy)
3. Insert the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
The closest most of us (1 - to get) to a daring dream is the one when we
suddenly (2 - to realise) that we (3 - to stand) stark naked in a crowded shopping-
centre. So it (4 - to seem) rather unjust that some people can apparently will
themselves into dreams of breathtaking high adventure. The phenomenon (5 - to
know) as lucid sleeping and (6 - to mean) the sleeper (7 - to become) aware that he (8
- to dream) and can consciously (9 - to participate) in and control his dream. It (10 -
to compare) to (11 - to have) your very own virtual reality in your head.
‘People typically lucid-dream about things that they always (12 - to want) to do
as children, like flying’, (13 - to say) Charles McCreery from the Psychophysical
Institute in Oxford, which (14 - to research) lucid dreams for thirty years.
Other favourite lucid dreams are (15 - to have) sex with a beautiful lover or (16
- to perform) outrageous stunts, such as (17 - to leap) off cliffs for a thrill, safe in the
knowledge that you can come to no harm.
Aside from (18 - to be) a secret recreation, some argue that lucid dreaming can
have an impact in waking life. It even (19 - to creep) into therapists’ work. The
theory is that, (20 - to train) to lucid dreams, people who have self-confidence
problems or phobias can practise difficult situations in the safety of a lucid dream.
It also (21 - to use) to help alleviate nightmares, which (22 - to plague) one
million people in Britain. Dr Delia Cushway, a clinical psychologist, (23 - to recount)
the case of one woman she (24 - to see) who (25 - to become) lucid when she had a
nightmare in which two ferocious growling Doberman dogs (26 - to bar) her way and
(27 - to threaten) to attack. She simply (28 - to say) to herself: ‘This is OK, this is
only a dream!’, and (29 - to push) past the dogs, (30 - to let) herself out of the door.
In a subsequent dream, one of the dogs (31 - to lie) down beside her and (32 - to put)
its head in her lap.
Some psychotherapists (33 - to warn) that (34 - to interfere) with a dream
narrative might rob you of the clues that dreams (35 - to throw) up, about what or
who (36 - to trouble) you in your life.
Interest in lucid dreaming as a subject of research (37- to start) (38 - to grow)
in the last 15 or 20 years and scientists (39 - to develop) machines which allegedly
(40 - to trigger) lucid dreams. (The Independent on Sunday)
4. Use the correct tense.
In 1911, when a German gunboat (1 - to steam) into the port of Agadir, and my
grandfather, whose brewery just (2 - to burn) down, in extraordinary circumstances,
(3 - to wind) up his affairs to live in rumour-nurturing seclusion in Kessling Hall,
Johannes Schmidt (4 - to persuade) various ship owners with vessels on the trans-
Adantic route (5 - to cooperate) in the collection and classifying of larvae samples.
No less than 23 ships (6 - to be enlisted) thus. (Graham Swift, Waterland)
5. Insert the correct form of the verb.
1 On the opposite side of the road is a bus stop, where sometimes, after I (to finish)
surgeries, my last visitors can still (to see) waiting for their buses. My wife sees my
patients (to come) and (to go). (Graham Swift, Learning to Swim) 2 I arranged
insurance in case I (to need) medical treatment while (to be) on holiday abroad.
3 Our office is always cold but next week the management (to install) central heating.
4 This letter just (to arrive). It is for Susan. Can you give it to her in case I (to call)
away on business?
5 Roland was not sure why he (to feel) so happy, (to be) it the opening of his future,
(to be) it simply (to be) alone, which was something he (to need) ferociously from
time to time and lately (to miss)? He (to have) time to feel the strangeness of before
and after. An hour ago there (to be) no poems, and now they (to come) like rain and
(to be) real. (Adapted from A.S. Byatt, Possession)
6 John was excited about (to give) a scholarship. Unfortunately, while he (to travel)
on the underground, he (to have) his wallet (to steal).
7 I waved to them, but failed (to attract) their attention.
8 What activity are you most (to please) with? Are you good at (to solve) crossword
puzzles?
9 In the course of time, many men, famous or obscure, (to have) a part in (to fashion)
the language we speak and write. Few, if any of them, had any clear idea of what they
(to do) as they (to do) it. The mission, of the linguist is to describe what (to happen)
and (to happen) to a language, rather than (to philosophize) upon it. (Mario
Pei, The History of the English Language)
10 Hurry up, or you’ll risk (to miss) the plane.
11 What are you used (to eat) for breakfast?
12 They (to annoy) about our (to leave) the lights on while they were away.
6. Put the verb in the correct form.
1 When he left home at an early age, he (have) no great respect for his friend’s
intelligence.
2 When he (return) a few years later, he was astonished at how much his friend
(learn) in the meantime.
3 Similarly it was only after I (be) away from home for a few years that I
(become) aware of the inevitable changes.
4 One of the characters in The Moon and Sixpence remarked that until then he
(live up) faithfully to the old precept about (do) every day two things you heartily
disliked.
5 For, said he, every day he (get up) and he (go) to bed.
(Glenn Leggett, Prentice-Hall Handbook for Writers)
6 Come what may, I (change) my razor blade each Sunday morning.
7 As I did so on a hot one not long ago, I found myself (worry) about the Civil
War.
8 There are more things, more qualities, more actions in the modern world than
there (be) in the ancient, and the number of nouns, adjectives and verbs (increase)
accordingly.
9 Some of the things, qualities and actions of the ancients (become) obsolete
and (vanish), but for each such effacement there (be) at least ten innovations during
the last thousand, and particularly the last hundred years.
7. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
At the Labour Party conference that year, he allowed his name (1 - to put)
forward for a place in the National Executive. Although he failed to (2 - to elect), he
polled only a few votes less than Neil Kinnock, the darling of the constituency
section.
Andrew Fraser, who now looked upon Raymond as someone who could (3 - to
trust), joined Raymond for what (4 - to become) their traditional lunch together on the
third day. Andrew told him he (5 - to distress) by the party’s continued drift to the
left.
‘If someone of those resolutions on defense (6 - to pass), my life (7 - to make)
impossible’, he said, trying to cut into a very thick steak.
‘The hotheads always put up resolutions that never (8 - to allow) more than a
token discussion.’
‘Token discussion (9 - to damn)! Some of their mad ideas (10 - to turn) into
party policy.’
‘You (11 - to worry) by any particular resolution?’
‘Yes. By Tony Benn’s recent proposal that members must (12 - to reselect)
before every election.’
‘Why you (13 - to fear) that?’
‘If your management committee (14 - to take over) by half a dozen Trots, they
can reverse a decision that (15 - to agree) on by 50,000 voters.’
‘You (16 - to overreact), Andrew!’
‘Raymond, if the next election (17 - to lose), the Party (18 - to split) so badly it
never (19 - to recover).’
‘They (20 - to say) that in the Labour party since the day it (21 - to found).’
(Jeffrey Archer, First among Equals)
8. Insert the correct form of the verb.
1 I hope (find) some interesting reading in the new bookshop.
2 What you (do) this evening, John?
3 We (go) to the theatre tonight.
4 He will see you as soon as Mr Brown (leave).
5 Jane (watch) TV for hours; that’s why her eyes are red.
6 Unless John (try) harder, he won’t get this job.
7 Mr Brown (spend) all his holidays at the seaside. This summer he probably (go) to
Brighton unless his boss (make) him stay in London. (It’s April now).
8 Stop (make) that terrible noise.
9 Don’t shout unless you (want) to be arrested.
10 Look! It’s Francis! I (not see) him for ages.
11 I (fall) asleep when somebody (break) the glass in our front door.
12 No one ever (speak) to me like that.
13 We normally (live) with our parents but for these two months we (live) in our
aunt’s flat. She (go) away on business.
14 I (wait) for them for an hour now, I can’t wait any longer.
15 Jim ought (learn) languages if he (want) to get a job with an international
company.
16 Don’t phone me at 8:00 - I (watch) BONANZA then.
17 My birthday (fall) on a Saturday next year.
18 Last month the president announced that his office (expand).
19 ‘It’s midnight! Where you (be)?’ ‘I (test) the new pub on the corner.’
20 I couldn’t see what everybody (stare) at.
9. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 They were afraid of (jump) off the high wall.
2 We will turn the TV off when our guests (come).
3 (watch) TV is my way of relaxing.
4 As soon as my brother (finish) school he is going to join the army.
5 I’ve always enjoyed (meet) new people.
6 I haven’t seen John since we both (leave) college.
7 I haven’t decided yet but I (think) of setting up my own business.
8 An accident? No, I (not see) anything. I (listen) to Chopin all evening.
9 Don’t let the children (eat) too much ice cream!
10 I (study) English for some months now and I (not discover) anything really
difficult so far.
11 Dr Racula, who disappeared last month, (do) a few controversial experiments.
12 Jane promised (teach) me how to make an omelette.
13 She (work) for me ever since she (leave) school.
14 Would you recommend (send) Jim to Cambridge?
15 I wish (have) a bigger breakfast. I am hungry now.
16 If you (peel) the potatoes, I (chop) the carrots.
17 She always (bite) her nails. I can’t stand this habit of hers.
18 When you (finish) this test - please, leave it with me.
19 I cannot afford (buy) this house.
20 As soon as I (finish) what I (do), I (go) to bed.
10. Put the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 When the house (be) painted, it will look different.
2 It would be rude (not invite) him.
3 Nothing (change) since you (leave).
4 I (see) him last week, but I (not see) him since then.
5 You (can) speak English better if you study hard.
6 I (work) at the crossword puzzle for over an hour, but I (make) very little progress
so far.
7 Does he enjoy (live) in Paris?
8 If it (freeze) tonight, the roads (be) slippery tomorrow.
9 Paul (study) medicine for some years when we first met.
10 Over two hundred people (invite) to the conference we are going to attend.
11 I’m sorry, I’m not used to (eat) fatty food.
12 I saw her husband (talk) to a strange girl in the park.
13 My mother would have been angry if we (not phone) her.
14 She wanted to know where I usually (park) my car.
15 Mr Jackson was accused of (murder) his boss.
16 The flat they moved into (devastate) by its previous owners.
17 While the president (fly) to Canada his plane (fall) into the sea.
18 Peter shouldn’t worry about the test next week. I told him that it (be) easy and that
he (have) plenty of time.
19 Mark is hopelessly in love with Ann. If he (not be) so much in love, he (not buy)
her flowers every day.
20 Look at that boy! He is dirty all over his face. I think he (eat) chocolate. I wonder
how much he (eat).
11. Insert the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I heard him (shout) ‘HELP’ and then he disappeared,
2 When Marilyn (arrive) at the party she already (have) a few drinks, so she wasn’t
able to walk straight.
3 Imagine! At this time tomorrow we (travel) to Paris with nothing to worry about.
4 I realized that my parents (adopt) me and my brother.
5 We didn’ t know at the time that we (stop) by the police a few hours later.
6 Mary used to (study) very hard when she was at school.
7 Our teachers seem (like) (give) us bad marks.
8 If I (be) a dog, I (bite) my neighbour’s terrier.
9 I wish my parents (give) me more freedom when I was a child.
10 George is so unhappy. He wishes he (be) a film star.
11 My boyfriend made me (kiss) him in front of the whole family.
12 It’s getting late. It’s high time we (go) home.
13 It (believe) that women are stronger than men.
14 Professor Jones is expected (arrive) late for the ceremony.
15 When World War II began Hitler (rule) Germany for six years.
16 I used (smoke) a lot but I (change) my lifestyle recently.
17 I (not hit) my wife if she (not dance) with that handsome guy all night.
18 Oh, dear, this weather is awful, I wish it (change).
19 She never (go) to that party if she (know) that Stephen (be) there.
20 I wish I (not tell) him. Now everyone will know.
12. Use the correct form of the verbs.
1 What do you think of his (marry) that girl?
2 At this time tomorrow I (swim) in the lake.
3 Could you make him (stop) (sing)?
4 Let’s begin by (read) this poem.
5 Barnie died of (drink) too much.
6 If you (tell) me about it earlier, I (help) you straight away.
7 He stopped (have) a cigarette and talk to his friend.
8 I can’t afford (buy) a computer.
9 I wish you (wait) for me. I hope you will.
10 If only we (have) a light. It’s depressing to wait in the dark.
11 It was the drug, not the disease that killed him. He (be) still alive today if he (not
take) it.
12 If James (do) as he was told, he (not be) in trouble now.
13 When they (come) into the kitchen, they (be) dirty because they (play) in the
garden.
14 I am looking forward to (meet) you.
15 While I (have) lunch in the snack bar round the-corner, I (meet) an old friend
whom I (not see) for a long time.
16 I wish the dogs would stop (bark).
17 Nothing (do) to help him since he (take) to hospital.
18 I would rather (go) with you than (stay) at home.
19 I wish I (be) there now.
20 I (wait) for more than ah hour when he finally (arrive).
13. Put the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I would rather you (talk) to her.
2 It’s time we (finish) writing this book. People (wait) for it.
3 If you (come) to the party last week, you (meet) a charming girl.
4 She stopped by the news stand (buy) the morning paper.
5 I wish I (not invite) him to my birthday party.
6 You had better (open) the window. It’s incredibly hot in here.
7 When I (get) home yesterday, Molly (cook) dinner. In fact she (work) in the kitchen
for more than two hours by the time I (arrive).
8 If only there (be) peace in the world!
9 Aunt Grace is looking forward to (retire) next spring.
10 Sheila (not have) a holiday since she (come) to Bristol. She wishes she (take) one
last August.
11 Ben (not write), to us since he (change) his address. When we (hear) from him, we
(get) in touch with you.
12 Would you mind (not smoke) here?
13 While Peter (wait) for a tram last Friday, it suddenly (begin) (rain). Unfortunately
he (not take) his raincoat with him.
14 If she (drive) more carefully yesterday, she (not cause) that accident.
15 I would like (can) (play) tennis like Steffi Graf.
16 I saw him (cross) the street, but he was too far away to speak to.
17 I wish I (be) more careful when I did my homework.
18 If they (behave) well at the last party, the landlady (not be) upset now.
19 He (go) on saying the same thing again and again until we were sick of (hear) it.
20 If only I (know) earlier.
14. Insert the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 I am sure Helen won’t mind (look) after the children.
2 I am not used to (be) told what to do.
3 She looks tired. She must (work) hard last night.
4 It was my mistake. I shouldn’t (date) two girls at the same time.
5 When I lived in America I got used to (leave) my door open at night.
6 Have you heard that Mary divorced her husband? I think she shouldn’t (marry) him
in the first place.
7 She speaks German very well. She might (spend) a few years in Germany.
8 Be careful, I’d rather you (not drop) everything on the floor.
9 I wish you (not keep) (pour) hot tea down my neck.
10 I can’t go out now. Suppose my manager (come) in?
11 At the end of this month Mrs Parsons (work) here for exactly 25 years.
12 I am so cold that I can’t help (shiver).
13 In the year 2000 George Bernard Shaw (be) dead for 50 years.
14 If you dislike (peel) onions, try (hold) them under water while (do) it.
15 Your stockings need (mend).
16 I feel like (fly).
17 I caught him (read) my letters, Fancy him (do) a thing like that.
18 He says he doesn’t remember (promise) (help) you.
19 I can’t help (feel) sorry for the hungry children of Somalia.
20 (See) that there (be) very little time left, Mike (get) (dress) as quickly as he (can).
Key to Exercises
Unit 1. The Present Simple Tense
1.
2 thinks 3 flies 4 dances 5 has 6 finishes
2.
2 open 3 closes 4 teaches 5 meet 6 washes 7 costs 8 cost 9 boils 10 like... likes
3.
2 I often play basketball. 3 Margaret usually works hard. 4 Jenny always wears nice
clothes. 5 We always have dinner at 7.30. 6 Tim never watches television. 7 Children
usually like chocolate. 8 Julia always enjoys parties.
4.
Example answers: 2 I usually read in bed. 3 I often get up before 7 o’clock. 4 I never
go to work by bus. 5 I usually drink two cups of coffee in the morning.
5.
2 Jane doesn’t play the piano very well. 3 They don’t know my phone number. 4 We
don’t work very hard. 5 He doesn’t have a bath every day. 6 You don’t do the same
thing every day.
6.
2-5 You can use: I never... (go/ride, etc.) or I often... or I don’t.. .very often.
7.
2 doesn’t use 3 don’t go 4 doesn’t wear 5 don’t know 6 doesn’t cost 7 don’t see
8.
3 don’t know 4 doesn’t talk 5 drinks 6 don’t believe 7 like 8 doesn’t eat
9.
2 Do you play tennis? 3 Does Ann play tennis? 4 Do your friends live near here? 5
Does your brother speak English? 6 Do you do exercises every morning? 7 Does Paul
often go away?
8 Do you want to be famous? 9 Does Linda work hard?
10.
3 How often do you watch TV? 4 What do you want for dinner? 5 Do you like
football?
6 Does your brother like football? 7 What do you do in the evenings? 8 Where does
your sister work? 9 Do you often go to the cinema? 10 What does this word mean? 11
Does it often snow here? 12 What time do you usually go to bed? 13 How much does
it cost to phone New York? 14 What do you usually have for breakfast?
11.
2 Yes, I do, or No, I don’t. 3 Yes, I do, or No, I don’t. 4 Yes, it does, or No, it
doesn’t. 5 Yes, I do, or No, I don’t.
12.
1 wishes 2 passes 3 helps 4 changes 5 watches 6 worries 7 cashes 8 carries 9 washes
10 goes 11 lays 12 bounces 13 astonishes 14 does he like 15 costs 16 fishes 17
forgets 18 catches 19 misses 20 mixes 21 freezes 22 flies 23 matches 24 realizes 25
uses 26 does he do, does, lies 27 hurries 28 pushes 29 kisses 30 boxes
13.
Negative: 1 don’t know 2 doesn’t have 3 doesn’t love 4 don’t wear 5 doesn’t trust 6
doesn’t try 7 doesn’t close 8 doesn’t miss 9 don’t like 10 doesn’t finish 11 doesn’t
live 12 doesn’t bully 13 doesn’t heat 14 doesn’t have 15 doesn’t carry 16 doesn’t
believe 17 doesn’t dance 18 don’t remember 19 doesn’t play 20 doesn’t worry 21
don’t work 22 doesn’t leave 23 doesn’t arrange 24 doesn’t agree 25 don’t bark 26
don’t complain 27 doesn’t enjoy 28 doesn’t engage 29 doesn’t look 30 don’t sell
Interrogative: 1 do you know 2 does he have 3 does he love 4 do they wear 5 does he
trust 6 does he try 7 does the park close 8 does he miss 9 do the children like 10 does
he finish 11 does he live 12 does he bully 13 does it heat 14 does she have 15 does
she carry 16 does he believe 17 does she dance 18 do you remember 19 does she play
20 does he worry 21 do these thieves usually work 22 does he leave 23 does Ann
arrange 24 does she agree 25 do their dogs bark 26 do their neighbours often
complain 27 does Tom enjoy 28 does he engage 29 does Tom look 30 do they sell
14.
Pronunciation and spelling of the 3rd person, simple present
1 She drops /s/ 7 She rushes /iz/

2 She drinks /s/ 8 She saws /z/
3 She forgets /s/ 9 He wears /Z/
4 He loses /iz/ 10 She loves /z/
5 She manages /iz/ 11 He sees /z/
6 He passes /iz/ 12 He pays Izl
13 She cries /z/
15.
2 rises 3 works 4 wear 5 eat 6 works 7 go 8 drives 9 gets 10 eat 11 leaves 12 starts 13
see 14 know ... agree 15 hope 16 says
16.
2 drink 3 opens ... closes 4 causes 5 live 6 take place
17.
2 do the banks close 3 does Martin come 4 do you do 5 takes ... does it take 6 play ...
don’t play 7 does this word mean
18.
3 rises 4 make 5 don’t eat 6 doesn’t believe 7 translates 8 doesn’t tell 9 flows
19.
2 Does your sister play tennis? 3 Which newspaper do you read? 4 What does your
brother do? or What is your brother’s job? 5 How often do you go to the cinema? 6
Where does your mother live?
20.
2 I promise 3 I insist 4 I apologise 5 I recommend
Unit 2. The Present Continuous Tense
1.
2 ’s/is waiting 3 ’re/are playing 4 He’s/He is lying 5 They’re/They are having 6
She’s/She is sitting
2.
2 ’s/is cooking 3 ’re/are standing 4 is swimming 5 ’re/are staying 6 ’s/is having 7
’re/are building 8 ’m/am going
3.
3 I’m sitting on a chair. or I’m not sitting on a chair. 4 I’m eating, or I’m not eating. 5
It’s raining, or It isn’t raining, or It’s not raining. 6 I’m learning English. 7 I’m
listening to music, or I’m not listening to music. 8 The sun is shining, or The sun
isn’t shining. 9 I’m wearing shoes, or I’m not wearing shoes. 10 I’m not reading a
newspaper.
4.
3 Are you listening to me? 4 Where are your friends going? 5 Are your parents
watching television? 6 What is Ann cooking? 7 Why are you looking at me? 8 Is the
bus coming?
5.
2 Yes, I am, or No, I’m not. 3 Yes, I am, or No, I’m not. 4 Yes, it is, or No, it isn’t. /
No, it’s not. 5 Yes, I am, or No, I’m not. 6 Yes, I am, or No, I’m not.
6.
1 isn’t working, is swimming 2 is teaching 3 isn’t Ann wearing 4 is flying 5 is Tom
doing, is cleaning 6 is going, is someone bringing 7 is it raining, is raining 8 are you
mending 9 aren’t telling, am not telling 10 is moving, is painting 11 is sweeping 12
are you reading, am reading 13 is shining, are singing 14 is knocking, am just
coming, am just washing 15 is always ringing up and asking 16 are you making, is
someone coming 17 is lying 18 are you using 19 are you doing, am going 20 are
having, is catching 21 am doing 22 are you typing, you are making 23 is resting 24
are digging, are they doing, are looking 25 is making, are repairing 26 are doing, are
cutting 27 are you waiting, am waiting, is just getting 28 are saying, is making 29 is
always losing . . . and asking
7.
1 are you looking ... is something happening 2 am bathing 3 are rushing, are jumping
out and unrolling 4 is pouring, are stopping, is trying 5 is climbing, is helping, are
sliding 6 is waving, is going 7 is coming, is carrying, is/are cheering
8.
2 eating 3 writing 4 forgetting 5 putting 6 travelling 7 catching 8 dying 9 carrying
9.
1 I am working (1) 2 are you drinking? (1) 3 is still waiting (1) 4 is hurrying (1) 5 are
constantly panicking (4) 6 are becoming (2) 7 is John doing ... is riding (2) 8 are
enjoying (1) 9 is always upsetting (4) 10 is he arriving (3) 11 is forever forgetting (4)
12 am having (2) 13 is always lying (4) 14 is running (3)
10.
2 It’s always breaking down. . 3 I’m always making the same mistake. / ...that
mistake.
4 You’re always leaving the lights
11.
2 ’m looking / am looking 3 ’s getting / is getting 4 ’re staying / are staying 5 ’m
coming / am coming 6 ’s starting / is starting 7 ’re making / are making ... ’m trying /
am trying 8 ’s happening / is happening
12.
2 are you looking 3 ’s she studying / is she studying 4 Is anybody listening 5 Is it
getting
13.
3 ’m not enjoying / am not enjoying 4 ’s having / is having 5 ’m not eating / am not
eating 6 ’s learning / is learning 7 aren’t speaking/’re not speaking/ are not speaking
14.
1 are you doing 2 ’m training / am training 3 Are you enjoying 4 ’m not
working / am not working 5 ’m trying / am trying 6 ’m decorating / am decorating 7
Are you doing 8 are helping
15.
2 ’s getting / is getting 3 is changing 4 is rising / is increasing 5 ’s getting / is getting
Revision Exercises
The Present Simple and The Present Continuous Tenses
1.
4 is singing 5 She wants 6 do you read 7 you’re/you are sitting 8 I don’t understand 9
I’m going ... Are you coming 10 does your father 11 I’m not listening 12 He’s / He is
cooking
13 doesn’t usually drive ... usually walks 14 doesn’t like ... She prefers
2.
1 are you going; am going, do you want 2 do you smoke; I don’t smoke, smokes, I
do; spends 3 sees; are you waiting; am waiting 4 you usually go; belongs, wants; is
using 5 go; takes, passes; is working, am queueing 6 Are you coming, are you
waiting; think, wait, are, looks 7 are waiting; is dialling; Do you know; phones 8 does
he come; comes; speaks 9 wonder, is speaking; comes, suppose, is speaking 10 are
having; are opening; writes; get; have you (got)
3.
1 Do you have/Have you got; don’t think; don’t see; does a traffic warden do 2 walks,
stays, parks, sticks 3 is putting; sees; hates 4 want; are just closing; we always close,
doesn’t want
5 is listening, is reading, is doing, is writing 6 reads; knits, isn’t knitting 7 goes,
doesn’t go; likes; prefers 8 are watching; are enjoying, don’t understand 9 happens;
Does the teacher give; gives, shows, discusses 10 gets; sits, stands, walks, runs 11 is
that man standing; is trying, is waiting; doesn’t he use/isn’t he using; don’t bother;
prefer 12 are wearing; Do you like; suits, doesn’t fit 13 speak, come 14 is taking, is
coming 15 talk; prefer; are talking; aren’t talking 16 are having; am meeting; Do you
go
4.
1 don’t build, use 2 is having 3 drinks, is drinking 4 does she do, plays, watches 5 is
raining, haven’t 6 leaves 7 speaks, don’t understand 8 is making, makes 9 wears 10
don’t like 11 am wearing 12 is reading 13 am redecorating 14 is boiling 15 are you
enjoying, am enjoying, want 16 do you get, go, am going
5.
3 wrong - is trying 4 wrong - are they talking 5 right 6 wrong - ’s getting / is getting 7
right 8 wrong -’m coming / am coming 9 wrong - are you getting
6.
3 ’s waiting / is waiting 4 Are you listening 5 Do you listen 6 flows 7 ’s
flowing / is flowing 8 grow ... aren’t growing / ’re not growing / are not growing 9 ’s
improving / is improving 10 ’s staying / is staying ... always stays 11 ’m starting / am
starting 12 ’m learning / am learning ... is teaching 13 finish ... ’m working / am
working 14 live ... do your parents live 15 is looking ... ’s
staying / is staying16 does your father do ... isn’t working / ’s not working / is not ...
working 17 enjoy ... ’m not enjoying / am not enjoying 18 always leaves 19 ’s always
leaving / is always leaving (always leaves is also possible)
7.
2 right 3 wrong - Do you believe 4 wrong - It tastes 5 wrong -1 think
8.
2 doesn’t belong / does not belong 3 ‘musing/amusing 4 need 5 does he want 6 is he
looking 7 believes 8 don’t remember / do not remember 9 ‘m thinking / am thinking
10 think ... don’t use / do not use 11 prefer 12 consists
9.
2 is being 3 is 4 are you being 5 Is she
10.
1 Are you sitting 2 hope 3 are studying 4 have 5 does not include 6 try 7 regard 8
want
11.
2 am working 3 don’t have to 4 opens 5 closes 6 are always coming in 7 asking 8 am
learning 9 enjoy/am enjoying 10 find/am finding 11 use 12 are 13 are 14 are always
finding 15 think 16 love 17 miss/am missing
12.
1 is coming; 2 ripe; 3 comes; 4 see, opens; 5 walk, am going; 6 see, are wearing, are
you going, am going, is throwing, feel, is speaking; 7 see, mean, feel, are you see; 8
run; 9 are forgetting; 10 do not grow; 11 stops; 12 is feeling; are you thinking? 13 is
always complaining; 14 don’t you stay; 15 deserves; 16 are seeing; 17 come.
13.
1 eats 2 ’m helping 3 aren’t studying 4 drink 5 goes 6 is having 7 are making 8 smoke
9 washes 10 is driving 11 flows 12 fly
14.
1 Do you speak Greek? 2 Does Bill know Mr Jameson? 3 We don’t live in a large
house. 4 Alexander doesn’t go to the beach very often. 5 Do I have to attend the
ceremony? 6 Is Jane watching television at the moment? 7 Costas doesn’t work in a
bank. 8 The children aren’t listening to their mother now. 9 Does Theo live in New
York? 10 Is William studying at the moment? 11 Where do you usually spend your
holidays? 12 I’m not earning much money at present.
15.
1 is appearing 2 prefers 3 appears 4 is thinking 5 belongs 6 believes 7 hates 8 tastes 9
seems 10 understand, means 11 smells 12 owes
16.
1 works, isn’t working 2 is running, is carrying 3 cries 4 takes, shakes, look 5 am
helping 6 drives, is driving 7 live, am studying, am living 8 aren’t listening, are
looking 9 speaks, is working 10 wear, feel 11 floats 12 are you crying, loves
17.
1 It’s not polite to look at people when they are eating. 2 No, you’re not disturbing
me, I’m only watching the water as it hits the shore. 3 You may sit down, it is the
chair I use myself when I have visitors. 4 ‘I feel better today’. ‘But you are looking
worse’. 5 What’s the matter? Aren’t you going to the theater any more? 6 You are
quite thin, George, are you eating enough? 7 John goes to the far end of the room and
pours out a glass of water. He is evidently thirsty. 8 Wait for me, I want to talk to
you! I trust. you; I’m coming to you as soon as my office hours are over. 9 Shut the
windows. I feel a draught. I feel it distinctly. 10 When one is dictating one should
speak clearly.
Unit 3. The Past Simple Tense
1.
2 saw 3 played 4 paid 5 visited 6 bought 7 went 8 thought 9 copied 10 knew 11 put
12 spoke
2.
1 went 2 met 3 wore 4 made 5 got 6 understood 7 shut 8 spoke 9 left 10 read 11 ate
12 saw 13 sang 14 cried, was 15 knew 16 thought I knew 17 rose 18 took 19 bought
20 dreamt
3.
2 didn’t work 3 didn’t go 4 didn’t have 5 didn’t do
4.
2 Did you enjoy the party? 3 Did you have a good holiday? 4 Did you finish work
early? 5 Did you sleep well last night?
5.
2 I got up before 7 o’clock, or I didn’t get up before 7 o’clock. 3 I had a shower, or I
didn’t have a shower. 4 I bought a magazine, or I didn’t buy a magazine. 5 I ate meat.
or I didn’t eat meat. 6 I went to bed before 10.30. or I didn’t go to bed before 10.30.
6.
Negative: the answer in each case is did not/didn’t + infinitive, e.g. 1 did not/didn’t
see
Interrogative: the answer in each case is did + subject + infinitive, e.g. 1 did she see
7.
1 waited /id/ 2 cleaned /d/ 3 played /d/ 4 posted /id/ 5 smiled /d/ 6 stopped /t/ 7
dreamt /t/, or dreamed /d/ 8 burnt /t/, or burned /d/ 9 cried /d/ 10 watched /t/ 11
laughed /t/ 12 obeyed/d/ 13 hurried/d/ 14 lied/d/ 15 finished /t/ 16 included/id/ 17
locked /t/ 18 travelled /d/
8.
2 opened 3 started ... finished 4 wanted 5 happened 6 rained 7 enjoyed ... stayed 8
died
9.
2 got 3 had 4 left 5 drove 6 arrived 7 parked 8 went 9 had 10 went 11 waited
12 departed 13 arrived 14 took
10.
2 lost her keys 3 met her friends 4 bought two newspapers 5 went to the cinema 6 ate
an orange 7 had a shower 8 came (to see us)
11.
Example answers:
2 I got up late yesterday. 3 I met some friends at lunchtime. 4 I played volleyball. 5 I
wrote a letter. 6 I lost my keys.
12.
2 bought 3 Did it rain 4 didn’t stay 5 opened 6 didn’t have 7 did you do
13.
2 understood 3 knew 4 met 5 found 6 left 7 wrote 8 sold 9 was 10 had 11 kept 12 ate
14.
2 I last played football when I was 14. 3 The Carters left for their summer holiday
last night. 4 John arrived at 4. 5 I last saw ‘Gone with the Wind’ recently. 6 I/We
waited at the airport till they arrived. 7 Sally told me/us about her engagement when
she was here.
15.
2 attacked 3 was 4 had 5 chased 6 jumped 7 believed 8 called 9 set out 10 offered 11
captured 12 visited
16.
2 had 3 She walked to work 4 It took her (about) half an hour 5 She started work 6
She didn’t have (any) lunch. / … eat (any) lunch. 7 She finished work 8 She was tired
when she got home. 9 She cooked 10 She didn’t go 11 She went to bed 12 She slept
17.
2 taught 3 sold 4 drank 5 won 6 fell ...hurt 7 threw ... caught 8 spent... bought... cost
18.
2 Did you go alone? 3 Was the food good? 4 How long did you stay there? 5 Did you
stay at a hotel? 6 How did you travel? 7 Was the weather fine? 8 What did you do in
the evenings? 9 Did you meet anybody interesting?
19.
3 didn’t disturb 4 went 5 didn’t sleep 6 didn’t eat 7 wasn’t 8 laughed 9 flew 10 didn’t
cost 11 didn’t have 12 were
Unit 4. The Past Continuous Tense
1.
1 was getting 2 was shining 3 was snowing 4 was reading 5 were singing
2.
2 What were you doing 3 Was it raining 4 Why was Ann driving so fast 5 Was Tim
wearing a suit
3.
1 were doing, was playing, was listening 2 was getting 3 were rushing 4 was
travelling 5 was wearing 6 was redecorating 7 were working 8 was running 9 were
playing, were leaning 10 was working, was shopping 11 was sailing 12 were going
13 were talking 14 was studying 15 was cooking 16 was dieting, was trying 17 were
you talking, was talking 18 was climbing 19 was working 20 were bathing, were
looking, were playing
4.
1 was he living 2 was standing, was waiting 3 was practising 4 were carrying 5 were
fighting, was trying, were they fighting 6 was sitting, was reading 7 were doing, was
weeding, was cutting 8 were mending 9 was/were clapping 10 was making, was
saying 11 was learning 12 was repairing 13 was always trying 14 were fishing 15
were writing 16 was wandering
5.
Example answers: 3 I was working. 4 I was in bed asleep. 5 I was having a meal in a
restaurant. 6 I was watching TV at home.
6.
Example answers: 2 was having a shower. 3 were waiting for the bus. 4 was reading
the paper. 5 was watching it.
7.
2 were enjoying 3 were they playing 4 was gardening 5 were you watching 6 was
raining 7 was wondering 8 were you still working 9 were living 10 was always doing
11 were constantly improving 12 were you reading 13 was getting
8.
1 I broke my leg when I was coming down the stairs. 2 I composed the symphony
when I was having a holiday. 3 They learned French when they were living in France.
4 I heard the news when I was listening to the radio. 5 The man hurt himself when he
was riding a horse. 6 She found the book when she was doing the house. 7 They lost
their child when they were walking about town. 8 He payed me a visit when he was
having lunch. 9 John noticed the flaw when he was inspecting the vase. 10 He asked
her that when he was talking about their future.
Revision Exercises
The Past Simple and The Past Continuous Tenses
1.
1 was watching, rang 2 was having, arrived 3 broke, was skiing 4 was listening, heard
5 fell, was climbing 6 were giving, arrived 7 was waiting, noticed 8 decided, was
raining 9 stole, was looking 10 was crossing, crashed
2.
1 didn’t see ... was looking 2 met ... were going ... was going ... had ... were waiting /
waited 3 was cycling ... stepped ... was going ... managed ... didn’t hit
3.
2 were you doing 3 Did you go 4 was wearing (wore is also possible) 5 were you
driving ... happened 6 took ... wasn’t looking 7 didn’t know 8 saw ... was trying 9 was
walking ... heard ... was following ... started 10 wanted
4.
2 was studying 3 did the post arrive ... came ... was having 4 didn’t go 5 were you
driving ... stopped ... wasn’t driving 6 Did your team win ... didn’t play 7 did you
break the window ... were playing ... kicked ... hit 8 Did you see ... was wearing 9
were you doing 10 lost ... did you get... climbed
5.
1 was burning 2 was writing 3 was making 4 left 5 was just leaving 6 was watching,
turned, went 7 stood 8 was playing, insisted 9 was walking 10 was having, lunched
11 wore, carried 12 did you think, liked 13 shared, was always complaining/always
complained 14 realized, was travelling 15 was playing, threw 16 was just opening,
blew 17 was opening, heard, put, crawled 18 was looking, found 19 saw, were you
doing 20 were playing, heard, hid, took
6.
1 was cleaning, went, killed 2 didn’t allow, was blowing 3 was crossing/crossed,
stepped, fell 4 was still lying, saw 5 saw, stopped 6 did you damage, ran, were
driving, were going 7 was getting/got, started, fell 8 called, was already getting up 9
was mending/mended, got 10 heard, went, opened, didn’t recognize, wasn’t wearing
11 were sitting, was doing, was knitting, were reading, smiled, said 12 were dancing,
broke, stole 13 knew, were looking, hid, went 14 was always buying 15 told, was
spending/spent, listened 16 began, banged
7.
1 woke, was always getting/always got, went, bought 2 had to, usually grazed/was
usually grazing 3 didn’t normally chase, made, was crossing, went 4 annoyed, began
5 was carrying, was raining, threw, ran 6 stopped, began, was doing 7 awoke, was
sitting, was looking, called, turned, smiled 8 did you interrupt, was having 9 was
carrying, heard 10 was looking, noticed 11 were walking/walked, heard, turned, held,
stopped 12 arrived, was waiting, was wearing, (was) looking/looked, saw, waved,
shouted, was saying/said, was making 13 escaped, was working, was wearing 14 was
travelling, began 15 didn’t like, was trying 16 was making, felt, brought, was able 17
saw, was painting, did you like, was only just starting, saw 18 took, was being, were
still listening, left/were leaving 19 was, had to, was enjoying 20 were coming,
stopped, said, was looking, asked
8.
1 decided 2 chose 3 looked, were getting, was mixing, was washing 4 were, asked,
was doing 5 replied, was going, went, knew, were looking 6 began, found, were 7
were waiting/waited,
remembered, had 8 started, was telephoning, did, came 9 grumbled, was always
telephoning 10 retorted, was always complaining 11 worked 12 started/were starting,
rang 13 was, wanted, was playing 14 stayed, went 15 left 16 returned, came, wasted
17 said 18 thought 19 was just climbing, rang 20 said, was getting, went, opened 21
was, was coming, arriving
9.
1 was sitting, saw; seemed 2 was snowing, woke; remembered, was coming, decided,
lost 3 reached, realized, did not know; was wondering, tapped 4 was running/ran,
struck 5 looked; was going; was drawing 6 were listening, were whispering, was
reading; hated, read 7 was reading, burst, rushed 8 went, didn’t find; said, didn’t
know, was doing, thought, was probably playing 9 stopped/used to stop; closed, gave
10 promised, saw, was telling 11 picked, dialled; found; were planning 12 met; were;
was studying, wasn’t, spent 13 was just starting, opened, leapt 14 were you doing,
said; was cleaning 15 looked, said, was leaving the district and (was) going; said,
was, was going, told, was getting/got on
10.
1 were building, was 2 were reading, were just turning over; was knitting, was
playing; opened, said 3 was; were they doing; heard, were looking; Did they find;
discovered 4 told, made; was just pulling 5 was just sticking, came; tried, refused 6
took; Was she actually working 7 said, was coming, wondered 8 was wondering,
came, bought 9 was always borrowing, asked, said, hadn’t, knew, wanted 10 went,
had, was being; turned, saw 11 bumped, asked, said, was having 12 attacked, was
putting; thrust, tore; contained; patched 13 did you break; fell, was putting, was, was,
was going 14 didn’t go; cancelled, spent 15 was just rising, shouted; looked
11.
2 was driving 3 saw 4 stopped 5 got out 6 was 7 looked 8 was crossing/crossed 9
went 10 noticed 11 told 12 pulled 13 pulled 14 pulled 15 thought 16 looked/was
looking 17 noticed 18 gave 19 seized 20 put 21 continued
12.
1 entered, were playing; 2 was writing, knocked; 3 trained; 4 was listening, was
playing; 5 stood; 6 rang, was sleeping; 7 jumped, was running; 8 helped, was not
looking; 9 arrived, were waiting; 10 went off, were listening; 11 was burning,
reached; 12 realized, were travelling; 13 was cleaning, broke; 14 was driving, burst;
15 were enjoying, told, had.
13.
1 led, hung, was shining, failed; 2 was pumping, looked, asked; 3 were staying, was
being repaired, was still being repaired, returned; 4 came, stood, were ringing, was
rising, was, showed, was burning; 5 was living, died; 6 saw, was wearing, (was)
carrying; 7 was raining, put, went, crossed, was waiting, was smoking, talking; 8
arrived, was raining; 9 went on strike, looked, were standing, were waiting; 10 put,
was waiting, rang up, were showing.
14.
1 I picked up my briefcase and ran out of the hotel. The car was waiting for me
outside. The chauffeur / driver was reading a newspaper. I got in and sat down. I
flung the case onto the seat beside me. 2 The road wound gently between the rows of
houses, that could hardly be seen because of the morning mist. But I soon noticed that
the mist was rising and thus we could see that in front of us there lay one of the most
beautiful parks we had ever seen. 3 Water was dripping incessantly from the trees
that lined the road. 4 The path that led to the chalet was covered with snow. It was
still snowing but the sun could already be seen sending its pale rays from behind a
grey cloud. By the time we reached the chalet, we felt hungry and were dreaming of a
good sleep, but the landlord came to tell us that because of the storm at night the fire
in the oven wasn’t burning anymore and that the wind was too strong for it to be lit
again. 5 When I was looking for the address, I met an old school fellow whom I
recognized by the pink tie that he was still wearing after so many years. 6 Scenes
from his youth flashed through Mr. Eden’s mind as he was drowning.
Unit 5. The Present Perfect Simple Tense
1.
1 Have you been, I’ve been 2 have you had, have 3 has the post come, has 4 have you
seen, haven’t 5 has someone wound, has 6 haven’t finished 7 has just gone 8 has
taken 9 has stopped 10 have you heard, haven’t 11 have just washed 12 has stolen 13
have you explained, have 14 have gone 15 have you had, have had 16 has Charles
passed, has 17 has the milkman left, has left 18 have lived 19 have you known, have
known 20 have just made
2.
2 has/’s typed 3 Have you ever eaten 4 have/’ve never quarrelled 5 haven’t written 6
haven’t been 7 haven’t seen 8 has/’s driven 9 have/’ve known 10 has/’s been 11
have/’ve bought 12 has/’s travelled 13 Have you forgotten 14 have/’ve ridden 15
has/’s just flown 16 has/’s recently become 17 have/’ve already spoken 18 haven’t
drunk 19 hasn’t answered 20 have/’ve met
3.
2 My father has started a new job. 3 I’ve given up smoking. /I have given... 4 Charles
and Sarah have gone to Brazil. 5 Suzanne has had a baby.
4.
2 She has broken her leg. / She’s broken... 3 Her English has improved. / It has
improved. / It’s improved. 4 He has grown a beard. / He’s grown... 5 The letter has
arrived. / It has arrived. / It’s arrived. 6 The bus fare has gone up. / It has gone up. /
It’s gone up.
5.
2 ’ve just seen / have just seen 3 ’s already left / has already left 4 haven’t read it yet
5 ’s already seen / has already seen 6 ’ve just arrived / have just arrived
7 haven’t told him yet
6.
2. he’s just gone out / he has just gone out 3 I haven’t finished yet. 4 I’ve already
done / I have already done 5 Have you found a job yet? 6 she’s just come back / she
has just come back
7.
2 Have you ever been to California? 3 Have you ever run a marathon? 4 Have you
ever spoken to a famous person? 5 Have you always lived in this town? 6 What’s the
most beautiful place you’ve ever visited?
8.
2 haven’t seen 3 haven’t eaten 4 I haven’t played (it) 5 I’ve had / I have had
6 I haven’t read 7 I’ve never been /1 haven’t been 8 has been late / ‘s been late 9
I’ve never tried /1 have never tried / I’ve never eaten 10 it’s happened / it has
happened / that’s happened / that has happened 11 I’ve never seen her / I haven’t
seen her
9.
2 haven’t read one / a newspaper 3 it hasn’t made a profit. / it has made a loss. 4 she
hasn’t worked (very) hard this term. 5 it hasn’t snowed (much) this winter. 6 haven’t
won many/any games this season
10.
2 Have you played tennis before? No, this is the first time I’ve played tennis. 3 Have
you ridden a horse before? / Have you been on a horse before? No, this is the first
time I’ve ridden a horse. / ...I’ve been on a horse. 4 Have you been to London before?
No, this is the first time I’ve been to London
11.
1 have you lived/have you been living, have lived/have been living 2 lived, went 3
did you wear, insisted 4 left, cut, have worn 5 wrote 6 has written, has just finished 7
flew, did you see 8 haven’t seen 9 hasn’t smoked 10 composed 11 did he arrive,
arrived 12 did you lock 13 read, enjoyed 14 haven’t finished 15 have never drunk 16
have written 17 has stopped 18 have just cleaned 19 left, got 20 did, was
12.
3 went 4 has gone/’s gone 5 have forgotten / ’ve forgotten 6 forgot 7 had 8 has been /
’s been 9 haven’t finished 10 has just gone / ’s just gone 11 arrested
12 gave ... lost or have lost / ‘ve lost 13 was ... has disappeared/ ’s disappeared 14
have improved / ‘ve improved
13.
2 has broken; did that happen; fell 3 Have you had; cut, Did you go, did
14.
2 got ... was ... went 3 Have you washed it? (Did you wash it? is also possible) 4
wasn’t 5 worked 6 has lived / ’s lived 7 Did you go ... was ... was 8 died ... never
met 9 have never met / ’ve never met him 10 I’m afraid he has gone
out / ...he’s gone out. When exactly did he go out? 11 How long have you lived
there? Where did you live before that? And how long did you live in Chicago?
Unit 6. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1.
Affirmative: the answer in each case is have/has + been + present participle, e.g. 1
have been making
Negative: have/has + not + been + present participle, e.g. 16 haven’t been eating
Interrogative: have/has + subject + been + present participle, e.g. 6 have you been
doing
Present participles are as follows:
1 making 2 ringing 3 overworking 4 cutting 5 looking 6 doing, working 7 studying 8
waiting 9 raining 10 arguing 11 bathing 12 driving 13 wearing 14 saying 15 trying 16
eating 17 speaking 18 flying 19 playing 20 shopping
2.
1 living 2 eating 3 looking 4 leaking 5 digging, helping 6 asking 7 using 8 driving 9
going 10 snowing 11 crying, peeling 12 making 13 drinking 14 smoking 15 eating 16
trying
3.
2 have you been waiting 3 have/’ve been standing 4 have you been learning 5 has/’s
been studying 6 Have you been running? 7 have/’ve been living 8 have/’ve been
crying 9 have the children been sleeping 10 have you been doing
4.
2 Have you been waiting long? 3 What have you been doing? 4 How long have you
been living in Baker Street? 5 How long have you been selling computers?
5.
2 have been waiting / ’ve been waiting 3 have been learning Spanish / ’ve been
learning Spanish 4 She has been looking for a job / She’s been looking... /Ann has
been looking... 5 She has been working in London / She’s been
working... / Mary has been working... 6 have been writing to each other / ’ve been
writing...
6.
2 She has been travelling for three months. 3 He has been playing tennis since he was
ten. 4 They have been making films since they left college.
7.
2 How long have you been waiting? 3 How long have you been teaching? 4 How
long have you been writing books? 5 How long have you been saving?
Revision Exercises
The Present Perfect Simple and The Present Perfect Continuous Tenses
1.
1 have walked 2 have been walking/have walked 3 have been walking/have walked 4
have been making 5 have you made, have made 6 has eaten 7 hasn’t stopped 8 has
been drinking 9 have pulled 10 have been pulling 11 have you been doing, have been
picking 12 have you picked, have picked 13 have slept 14 has been sleeping/has slept
15 has been riding 16 have ridden 17 has been making 18 have been working/have
worked 19 have heard 20 have been hearing/have heard
2.
1 for 2 for 3 since 4 for 5 for 6 since 7 since 8 since 9 for 10 since 11 for 12 for 13 for
14 for 15 since 16 since 17 for 18 since 19 for 20 since
3.
1b I’ve been typing 2a She has/’s been cooking 2b I’ve cooked 3a We have/’ve built
3b We have/’ve been building
4.
2 has broken 3 Have you been working 4 Have you ever worked 5 has she gone 6 has
appeared / ’s appeared 7 haven’t been waiting 8 has stopped / ’s stopped 9 have lost /
’ve lost... Have you seen 10 have been reading / ’ve been reading ... haven’t finished
11 have read / ’ve read
5.
2 How long have you been teaching English? 3 How long have you known Carol? 4
How long has your brother been in Australia? 5 How long have you had that jacket?
6 How long has Alan worked at the airport? or How long has Alan been working... 7
How long have you been having driving lessons? 8 Have you always lived in
Glasgow?
6.
2 for 3 for 4 since 5 Since 6 for 7 since 8 for 9 since
7.
2 No, I haven’t eaten in a restaurant for ages. 3 No, I haven’t seen Sarah for about a
month. / No, I haven’t seen her for... 4 No, I haven’t been to the cinema for a long
time. 6 No, it’s ages since I (last) ate in a restaurant. 7 No, it’s about a month since I
(last) saw Sarah. 8 No, it’s a long time since I (last) went to the cinema.
8.
1 have been telephoning; Haven’t you nearly finished; haven’t got; have been trying,
has been 2 has failed; has been practising, has got 3 have often wondered; have just
found out 4 has been playing; has only just stopped 5 haven’t you brought; Haven’t
you typed 6 Have you been sunbathing; has been raining/ has rained 7 have been
building; have been watching/have watched 8 haven’t found, has been; has been
helping 9 have pulled down, haven’t touched 10 have searched/have been searching,
haven’t seen 11 have been waiting, have waited 12 has been; has been looking, hasn’t
found 13 have been doing, haven’t finished; have done 14 have just picked; have
grown/have been growing, have never had 15 have you been doing; have been using
16 has just sold; have been painting, haven’t sold 17 has this happened; have had,
have thrown 18 have you done; has just gone; has finished 19 has worked/has been
working, has never once been; have/has just presented 20 have been mending/have
mended, have only done, has broken down
9.
1 has collected/has been collecting; has collected 2 have been looking, have
completely forgotten; has happened 3 has been getting/has got, has been rising/has
risen; has come 4 has eaten, has lost count, has attended; Has he put on 5 have been
ringing up; has gone; has been working; has found out 6 has been using; haven’t been
7 have been standing; hasn’t moved; has just shut. .. and gone off 8 has/have been
considering; have just given, have decided 9 have been playing, haven’t played 10
have been, haven’t got 11 has been standing; has already gone 12 has happened; have
been waiting/have waited; has often kept, has never been 13 has been living/has
lived, has never said 14 have just remembered, haven’t paid; hasn’t rung; have been;
have paid; has lost 15 have been shopping/have shopped; has been losing/has lost,
have made, have been told, have known 16 have you been doing; have been looking;
have been building
10.
1 has not been; 2 has read / has been reading; 3 have looked / have been looking,
have not found; 4 have been running; 5 has been sitting; 6 have known; 7 has
taught/has been teaching; 8 have been building, have finished; 9 has not come, has
already arrived; 10 has been standing; 11 have not bought; 12 have not played / have
not been playing, have been; 13 have not spoken; 14 has
smoked / has been smoking; 15 has wasted / has been wasting.
11.
1 for; 2 since; 3 for; 4 for; 5 since; 6 since; 7 for; 8 since; 9 since; 10 since;
11 for.
12.
1. have been doing, for; 2. have been meaning, for; 3. has allowed, has been doing, ...
since; 4. has been going, have been away, for; 5. have been watching you, for; 6. for,
... has been going / has gone; 7. has steadily drunk, ... since;
8. since, ... has been hanging about; 9. have been irritating, ... for; 10. have been
awarding, ... for; 11. for, ... have been doing.
13.
1 went 2 has lent 3 drove away 4 closed down 5 has been lying 6 has just passed 7
has been studying 8 came 9 has been trying 10 has already told 11 hasn’t taken 12
have left 13 fell 14 have just had 15 have forgotten
14.
1 When did you last go to Spain? 2 Have you ever spoken to a film star? 3 Did you
spend a lot of money last month? 4 I haven’t said anything up to now. 5 Laura hasn’t
had a holiday so far this year. 6 Have you seen any good films lately? 7 Have you
ever been to Japan? 8 Has Helmut written to you yet? 9 Did the boys finish their
homework yesterday? 10 Rolf didn’t buy the leather jacket last week.
15.
1. My sister has been packing since morning, but she has not finished yet. 2. They
have been discussing this question ever since you have been here and they have not
reached any definite conclusion yet. 3. This is the house where I live; I have been
living here since childhood. 4. ‘Have you lost something?’ ‘Yes, my fountain-pen’.
‘Have you looked for it everywhere? How long have you been looking for it?’ 5. It
has been snowing hard, for five hours so that I have not gone out all day long. 6. I
have not seen her since she got married. I have not seen her since she has been
married. 7. She is punctual usually, but this morning she hasn’t arrived yet. 8. Where
have you spent your holidays this summer? 9. The man who is speaking to my wife is
our neighbour who lives next door. 10. What are you doing? Has your brother not
answered yet? How long have you been trying to get in touch with him? 11. I pro-
nounce you man and wife. 12. I do not like to live here at this time of the year. It is
continually raining. 13. The baby has started crying and it is still crying, though it
seldom cries at night. 14. Do you read English books in the original? What are you
reading now? 15. My uncle is a writer. He has been writing a novel for the last two
years, but he has not finished it yet. He has not gathered all the necessary material yet
and now he is spending his time in the country-side.
Unit 7. The Past Perfect Simple Tense
1.
2 had finished 3 had checked 4 had discussed 5 had all left 6 had already gone out 7
had never seen 8 had just cleaned 9 hadn’t finished
2.
2 It had changed a lot. 3 She had arranged to do something else. / She’d arranged... 4
The film had already begun. 5 I hadn’t seen him for five years. 6 She had just had
breakfast. / She’d just had...
3.
2 I had never seen her before. / I’d never seen... 3 He had never played tennis before.
/ He’d never played... 4 We had never been there before. / We’d never been there
before, or ... been to Denmark before.
4.
1 called the police 2 there was ... had gone / ’d gone 3 had just come back from
holiday / ’d just come... looked very well 4 had a phone call from Sally was had
written to her / ’d written... had never replied to his letters / ’d never replied...
6.
2 went 3 had gone 4 broke 5 saw ... had broken ... stopped
7.
1 had not got, decided; 2 had, had rained; 3 had he lived/ did he live, broke;
4 found, had happened; 5 knew, lived, had never been; 6 had listened, thought;
7 knew, had disappeared; 8 had stayed, grew; 9 had laughed, was; 10 wondered, had
become; 11 was, had thought; 12 told, had burned; 13 had travelled; 14 had lied; 15
had been pushed, was able.
8.
1 had not yet translated, came back; 2 had paid, said; 3 had never fired, slipped; 4
went, had been maimed; 5 had come off, looked; 6 was, had come loose;
7 was, had had; 8 ventured, was ready, had been; 9 had hidden, saw; 10 told, had
asked, 11 found had forgotten; 12 placed, grasped, had filled.
9.
1 had finished, went 2 arrived, had already gone out 3 left, said 4 doing/he had done,
went out 5 reached, phoned 6 had run, felt
Unit 8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1.
2 had been waiting 3 had you been waiting 4 had been standing 5 had been studying 6
had been writing 7 had been ringing 8 had been painting 9 Had you been running?
2.
2 They had been playing football. / They’d been playing... 3 Somebody had been
smoking in the room. 4 She had been dreaming. / She’d been dreaming. 5 He had
been watching TV. / He’d been watching...
3.
2 I had been waiting for 20 minutes when I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong
restaurant. 3 At the time the factory closed down. Sarah had been working there for
five years. 4 The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the
audience suddenly began shouting. 5 Example answer: I had been walking along the
road for about ten minutes when a car suddenly stopped just behind me.
Revision Exercises
The Simple Past Perfect and The Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
1.
2 had prepared 3 had been doing 4 had done 5 had done 6 had been doing
2.
2 had looked/had been looking 3 had not been able 4 had been 5 had been cooking 6
had prepared 7 had made 8 had baked 9 had always enjoyed/always enjoyed 10 had
to 11 had lost 12 said 13 found 14 put 15 smiled 16 fished
3.
3 was walking 4 had / ’d been running 5 were eating 6 had been eating (had eaten is
also possible) 7 was looking 8 was waiting ... had been waiting / ’d been waiting 9
had had/’d had 10 had / ’d been traveling
4.
1 had been painting, had painted; 2 had been telling; 3 had been, had been comparing;
4 had been speaking, had gone; 5 had been collecting; 6 had been talking; 7 had
returned; 8 had been doing, had not received; 9. had been telling; 10 had seen; 11 had
been keeping; 12 had not been talking; 13 had read; 14 had just arrived; 15 had ever
seen, had been exalted, had been mixing; 16 had been drinking, had come; 17 had
been sitting; 18 had been standing, had switched on 19 had made
5.
1 gave, thanked, said, had enjoyed, knew, hadn’t read, were 2 had seen, returned,
didn’t have/hadn’t 3 didn’t have, had already done, was 4 didn’t have, did, left 5 had,
was; decided 6 picked, went, slammed 7 felt, had reminded 8 had searched and
found, remembered, was 9 had left 10 remembered, were 11 arrived; had been told,
was, was 12 asked, said, hadn’t been 13 wanted, had come 14 told 15 admitted, never
bought/had never bought, assured, sold, wasn’t 16 returned, saw, had broken in, was,
was 17 were, had only just left 18 Probably they (had) heard/They (had) probably
heard, had run/ran 19 had helped, was, poured 20 wondered, had found, hoped 21 had
been given, had died 22 hadn’t had, hadn’t liked
6.
1 seemed, had taken 2 put, took, had forgotten/forgot, had put 3 came, said, had just
swallowed 4 thought, left, was, arrived, learnt, had just left 5 found, had been
using/had used 6 parked, rushed; came, was 7 wondered, had stolen, had driven 8
was, was, had been working/had worked 9 was, had had 10 brought, hadn’t come 11
kept, had seen 12 looked, went, saw 13 got up, was, wondered, had stayed, had gone
away and come back 14 opened, saw 15 had clearly been listening, wondered, had
heard 16 asked, had been doing/was doing, said, had dropped, had been looking
for/was looking for 17 didn’t see, found, had probably dropped, opened 18 had been
taking 19 were, turned, asked 20 pulled, ran off 21 (had) recovered, had disappeared
22 moved, found, had been standing 23 had been telling/was telling
7.
was; had given; was; owed; lived; had married; was, had had; spoke; was; led; was;
came; were; had been living; began; had told; was; refused; began; lasted.
8.
appeared; saw; rushed; opened; looked, could; got; hesitated; was; let; was hanging;
fell, felt; fell; was; rose; ran; could; understood; was; ran; looked; saw; had been cut;
was pouring; tried; fainted.
9.
was, opened, came, sat, had; was, was, was, was praising; had been observing; was
devouring; laughed, turned, did you hear, coloured, begged, was; had ever had;
hadn’t meant, had cooked.
10.
1 was, had ever been; 2 had said, wondered, had done, did not know, was, had been;
3 has been working, asked, says, were, left, looks; 4 had noticed, replied, had noticed;
5 have you been, started; 6 were talking, smoked, were drinking, smoked, were
talking; 7 have never known, seemed, was not; 8 had not been, received, had called,
(had) asked; 9 has he been, think, don’t know, didn’t engage; 10 is, was.
11.
1 Last week we moved out of the house where we had lived for ten years.
2 When we finally returned home, we had travelled 2,000 kilometers. 3 Last year I
climbed Vesuvius. I had been fascinated by volcanoes ever since I had seen a film
about them. 4 When eleven o’clock came and she still hadn’t arrived, I began to
wonder if she had had an accident. 5 She told me that she had met him last night and
that he had changed beyond recognition. 6 I could find out her name only after she
had left. 7 I got very angry when I was told that the train had already left and I asked
the waiter why he hadn’t let me know in time and why he had continued to serve me
drinks. 8 The thief refused to admit that he was the one who had stolen the money.
But the police had found his fingerprints on the lady’s bag. 9 The children were
looking for the toys all over the place and they said that they had laid them in a
drawer which then proved to be empty. It had long been emptied by the baby who
couldn’t remember anymore what he had done with them. 10 When we were in
London, we managed to see almost all the town with the help of a car that a friend of
ours had lent us.
Unit 9. The Simple Future Tense
1.
2 ’ll/will 3 won’t 4 won’t 5 ’ll/will 6 ’ll/will 7 won’t
2.
Example answers: 2 I’ll be at home. 3 I’ll probably be in bed. 4 I’ll be at work. 5 I
don’t know where I’ll be.
3.
2 I think I’ll have 3 I don’t think I’ll play 4 I don’t think I’ll buy
4.
2 I’ll turn / I’ll switch / I’ll put 3 I’ll go 4 I’ll do 5 I’ll show / I’ll teach 6 I’ll have 7
I’ll send 8 I’ll give / I’ll bring 9 I’ll stay / I’ll wait
5.
2 I’ll go to bed. 3 I think I’ll walk. 4 I’ll play tennis (today). 5 I don’t think I’ll go
swimming.
6.
2 Shall I buy it? 3 What shall I give/buy/get Ann (for her birthday)? 4 Where shall we
go? 5 Shall we go by car or (shall we) walk? / ...or (shall we go) on foot? 6 What
time shall I phone (you)?
7.
2 will look 3 will like / ’ll like 4 will get / ’ll get 5 will be / ’ll be 6 will meet / ’ll
meet 7 will come / ’ll come 8 will be / ’ll be
8.
2 won’t 3 will / ’ll 4 won’t 5 will / ’ll 6 won’t
9.
2 Do you think it will rain? 3 When do you think it will finish? 4 How much do you
think it will cost? 5 Do you think they’ll get married? / ...they will get married? 6
What time do you think you’ll be back? / ...you will be back? 7 What do you think
will happen?
10.
2 They’ll/They will 3 You’ll/You will 4 I’ll/I will/I shall 5 I will/l shall 6 you will 7
won’t 8 I’ll/I will/I shall 9 everything’ll/ everything will 10 When’ll/When will/When
shall 11 They’ll/They will 12 You’ll/You will
11.
2 shan’t/won’t/will not/shall not 3 shan’t/won’t/will not/shall not 4 will 5
shan’t/won’t/will not/shall not 6 will 7 shall/will/’ll 8 shall/will/’ll 9 will
10 will/shall/’ll 11 will not/ won’t/ shan’t 12 will/shall/’ll 13 will/’ll/shall
14 will/’ll/shall 15 will/’ll/shall 16 will/’ll/shall 17 will/shall
12, 13
Affirmative answers: 1st person will/shall + infinitive, 2nd and 3rd person will +
infinitive, e.g. 1 will/shall know
Negative answers: as above with not, e.g. 7 will not/won’t catch
Interrogative answers: as above with will/shall + subject + infinitive, e.g. 2 will you
be
14.
1 shall/will 2 will 3 shall 4 shall 5 shall 6 shall 7 shall 8 will 9 shall 10 shall 11 shall
12 will 13 shall 14 shall 15 will 16 will 17 will 18 shall/will 19 will, will 20 shall
Unit 10. The Present Tenses for the Future
1.
2 Are you working next week? 3 What are you doing tomorrow evening? 4 What
time are your friends arriving? 5 When is Liz going on holiday?
2.
Example answers: 3 I’m going away at the weekend. 4 I’m playing basketball
tomorrow. 5 I’m meeting a friend this evening. 6 I’m going to the cinema on
Thursday evening.
3.
3 She’s getting 4 are going ... are they going 5 finishes 6 I’m not going 7 I’m going ...
We’re meeting 8 are you getting ... leaves 9 does the film begin 10 are you doing ...
I’m working
4.
2 How long are you staying? 3 When are you going? 4 Are you going alone? 5 Are
you travelling by car? 6 Where are you staying?
5.
Example answers: 2 I’m going to work tomorrow morning. 3 I’m not doing anything
tomorrow evening. 4 I’m playing football next Sunday. 5 I’m going to a party this
evening.
6.
3 are having / ’re having 4 opens ... finishes 5 am not going/’m not going ... am
staying / ’m staying 6 Are you doing 7 are going / ’re going ... begins 8 does this train
get 9 am going/’m going ... Are you coming 10 is coming ... is
travelling / ‘s travelling ... arrives ... am meeting / ‘m meeting 11 am not
using / ’m not using 12 does it finish
7.
1 are starting 2 is making 3 am taking 4 is calling 5 is playing 6 am meeting 7 are not
starting 8 are you getting, am going, is driving 9 is coming 10 are you giving, am
giving 11 are being 12 is coming 13 are having, are going 14 are you going, am going
15 is not giving 16 am having 17 am buying 18 are being 19 am having 20 is/are
meeting
8.
1 are celebrating 2 am lending 3 are returning 4 are opening 5 are moving 6 am not
taking 7 are getting 8 are you doing, am going 9 is flying 10 is starting 11 is giving,
are you going 12 is being, am meeting 13 am catching, are you leaving, am not taking
14 is sending 15 am going, is taking 16 am lending
9.
am/is/are + verb+ ing Ex. The Proffesor is delivering a new lecture on Tuesday.
The ‘be going to’ Form
1.
3 ’m/am going to walk 4 ’s/is going to stay 5 ’m/am going to eat 6 ’re/are going to
give 7 ’s/is going to lie down 8 Are you going to watch 9 is Rachel going to do
2, 3
Affirmative: the answer in each case is am/is/are + going to + infinitive, e.g. 1: 1 are
going to miss
Negative answers: am/is/are + not + going to + infinitive, e.g. 2: 2 am not going to
do
Interrogative answers: is/are + subject + going to + infinitive, e.g. 1: 3 are you going
to pay
4.
2 I’m going to phone her later. 3 I’m going to do it this afternoon. 4 Not yet. I’m
going to read it after dinner. 5 (Not yet.) I’m just going to have it.
5.
2 What are you going to wear? 3 Where are you going to put it? 4 Who are you going
to invite?
6.
2 I’m going to give it up. 3 I’m not going to take it. 4 I’m going to complain.
7.
2 He is going to be late. 3 The boat is going to sink. 4 She is going to run out of
petrol.
8.
2 were going to play 3 was going to phone 4 was going to give up 5 were going to
have
Unit 11. The Future Continuous Tense
1, 2
Form of affirmative answer: shall or will (‘ll) as appropriate + be + present
participle, e.g.
1: 1 I shall/will be sitting.
Negative answer: 1: 19 won’t be looking.
Interrogative answers: 2: 3 will the children be doing
3.
1 will be sitting 2 will probably be sleeping 3 will be sailing 4 will be waiting 5 will
be delivering 6 will be wearing 7 will be wondering 8 will be burning 9 will be
coming 10 will be seeing
4.
1 I’ll be wearing 2 won’t be waiting 3 he’ll (still) be writing 4 Ben will be driving 5
Fatima will be doing 6 won’t be watching
5.
(shall can be replaced by will in these answers. Contractions may be used.)
1 will be walking 2 will walk 3 shall be bathing 4 will wash 5 shall be doing 6 shall
be working/am working 7 will have 8 will be looking 9 shall be thinking/shall think
10 will assemble
6.
1 will meet, shall I recognize, will be wearing 2 will leave, shall be going/am going 3
will be debating/are debating 4 will go 5 will be working 6 will post, shall be
going/am going 7 will be dancing/will dance 8 will be letting off ... and making/will
let off ... and make 9 will remain 10 shall be sitting, won’t be reading 11 will be
going/will go 12 will be changing/will change 13 will come 14 will bring 15 shall all
be living
7.
1 will be going/will go 2 shall not be playing 3 will be opening/will open 4 will drive
5 shall be entering 6 will hand 7 will be arriving/will arrive 8 will be leaving 9 will be
using . . . and leaving/will use. . . and leave 10 will bring, will catch 11 will put
8.
(In these answers I/we won’t can be replaced by I am not going to/we are not going
to without any change in meaning. It is also grammatically possible to replace
you/he/they won’t by the going to form, but this would make the negative much less
emphatic, shan’t is replaceable by won’t.)
1 won’t help 2 won’t be meeting 3 won’t cut 4 won’t be cutting 5 won’t be
coming/isn’t coming 6 won’t come 7 won’t lend 8 won’t be speaking/isn’t speaking 9
won’t work 10 shan’t be working 11 won’t have 12 shan’t be teaching/am not
teaching 13 won’t speak 14 shan’t be writing 15 won’t feed
Unit 12. The Future Perfect Simple and
Future Perfect Continuous Tenses
1.
1 will have been 2 will have finished 3 will have produced 4 will have typed 5 will
have driven 6 will have passed 7 won’t have finished 8 Will you have finished
2, 3, 4, 5
Answers will all be: will + have + past participle of the verb in brackets; shall can
be used instead of will for the 1st person, e.g. I will/shall have taken; will can be
contracted to ’ll.
6.
1 have fallen 2 have done 3 will have broken in 4 will have called off 5 have finished
6 still haven’t found 7 will have cut 8 have shaved 9 will have done up 10 will have
caught 11 has had 12 will have dropped off 13 have told 14 will have been paid
7.
1 will have repaired 2 will have done 3 will/shall have made 4 will have finished 5
will have planted 6 will/shall have passed 7 will/shall have done 8 will have walked 9
will have lost 10 will have spent
8.
1 will/shall have worked 2 will have been driven 3 will/shall have sent 4 will/shall
have given 5 will have died 6 will have driven 7 will/shall have picked 8 will have
sunk
9.
2 Before he gets home from school tonight, Peter will have eaten three bars of
chocolate. 3 By the time the last runners start, the ones at the front will have been
running for several minutes. 4 By next month I will have been writing this book for 3
years. 5 By the time the software goes on sale, the company will have spent $5
million on developing it. 6 When you get back, I will have painted (or will have
finished painting) the front door.
Revision Exercises
The Future Forms
1.
2f 3g 4b 5k 6l 7j 8a 9h 10i 11e 12c
2.
2 will you be going (referring to future time) or will you go (intention) 3 you will still
be working here (‘imagining’) 4 They will be sailing (planned action) or will sail
(more definite) 5 The President will be meeting (planned action) or will meet (more
definite) 6 will you be staying (planned action) or will you stay (more definite) 7 We
will be driving (planned action) or will drive (intention) 8 will be writing (imagining)
9 will be circling (imagining)
10 will be seeing (referring to future time) or will see (intention)
3.
2 we’ll be leaving 3 you’ll arrive 4 we’ll check in 5 we’ll have 6 you’ll be lying 7 I’ll
be doing 8 we won’t be sitting around
4.
2 will be circling/will circle 3 (will) probably be circling/will probably circle 4 will
have established/will be establishing 5 will have increased/will be increasing 6 will
be orbiting 7 will have 8 will stay/will be staying 9 will not be clearing up 10 will just
be watching
5.
2 We’re going to run out of 3 I’ll stop 4 We’re going to get stuck 5 We’ll (or We’re
going to) have to walk 6 someone’ll 7 It’s going to rain 8 I’ll wave 9 He’s going to
stop
6.
3 I’ll meet 4 I’ll lend 5 I’m having 6 I won’t forget 7 does your train leave 8 won’t
tell 9 Are you doing 10 Will you come 11 I won’t tell
7.
2 I’ll lend 3 I’ll get 4 I’m going to wash 5 are you going to paint 6 I’m going to buy 7
I’ll show 8 I’ll have 9 I’ll do 10 it is going to fall 11 He’s going to have ... he’s going
to do
8.
1 I’ll get 2 I’m going to sit ... I’ll join 3 you’ll find 4 I’m not going to apply 5 You’ll
wake (You’re going to wake is also possible) 6 I’ll take ... We’ll leave ... Ann is
going to take
9.
2 b is true 3 a and c are true 4 b and d are true 5 c and d are true 6 c is true
10.
2 We’ll have finished 3 we’ll be playing 4 I’ll be working 5 the meeting will have
finished 6 he’ll have spent 7 he’ll have been 8 you’ll still be doing 9 she’ll have
traveled 10 I’ll be staying 11 Will you be seeing
11.
(be going to is possible in all these sentences, but where the present continuous tense
is given in the key, that is the better one to use.)
1 am playing 2 is having 3 am going to light 4 are having 5 is being, are you putting,
am putting 6 are you going, am going, am not buying/am not going to buy 7 am not
going to do 8 am having 9 is coming, are you putting, am putting 10 is starting 11 am
spending 12 is going to build 13 are you going to tell, am going to tell 14 is starting
15 is opening 16 is speaking 17 is closing 18 are you having, am having 19 am
collecting 20 are taking
12.
1 will you open 2 are you going to do 3 are you going to paint 4 will you read 5 are
you going to eat 6 aren’t you going to climb 7 will you listen 8 will you put 9 will
you have 10 are you going to make 11 aren’t you going to answer 12 will you come
13 are you really going to read 14 are you going to buy, will you buy 15 will you
lend, are you going to fish
13.
1 I’m visiting my cousin in Paris. 2 Are you flying? 3 ’m going by coach.
4 What time does it leave? 5 ’ll send you a postcard.
14.
1 arrives 2 won’t like 3 is going to study 4 ’m visiting/’m going to visit 5 ’s going to
rain 6 ‘re going to be/’ll be 7 ’ll open 8 ’m going to work 9 aren’t going to hire/aren’t
hiring 10 will you be 11 Will you let 12 ‘ll phone 13 Shall I help 14 ‘m going to see
15 will be
15.
1 will you be doing 2 ’ll be studying 3 ’ll be teaching 4 ’ll have finished 5 won’t see 6
’ll probably have got married 7 had 8 ’ll have discovered
16.
1 are you going to feed 2 are you letting/are you going to let/will you be letting 3 will
you light 4 are you wearing/are you going to wear/will you be wearing 5 will you
wear 6 will you come 7 will you have 8 are you having/are you going to have 9 are
you going to study/will you be studying 10 will you be speaking 11 will you turn 12
Any one of the four forms is possible here: ‘Will you take’ implies that the matter has
not yet been decided and that the speaker is offering a choice of dates. The other
forms would imply that the matter has already been arranged and that the speaker is
merely asking for information. 13 will you be listening/are you going to listen 14 will
you help 15 will you be staying
17.
1 am going to have 2 are going to assemble; will come 3 am going to shampoo 4 am
going to make; will burn 5 am going to paint 6 am going to make 7 will look 8 will
see 9 will wait 10 are going to camp . . . and cook 11 am going to put 12 Are you
going to wear; am going to sit... and watch; am not going to get 13 will take 14 will
have 15 will start; will get, will bake
18.
1 will/shall both be coming 2 will meet, will forget 3 will be watching; will ring 4
will/shall be doing; will still be working 5 will get, will do 6 will be coming 7
will/shall be working 8 will/shall be taking off 9 will come 10 will be playing 11 will
get; will still be; will be going, will ask 12 will be, will be wondering/will wonder 13
will/shall never be able; will be helping; won’t be helping; will/shall be helping 14
will write, will try; will type 15 will/shall be typing; will type
19.
1 won’t do 2 won’t come; won’t be driving 3 won’t/shan’t be coming 4 won’t have;
won’t come 5 won’t/shan’t be teaching 6 will/shall be doing; won’t/shan’t be eating 7
won’t eat 8 won’t bite
9 won’t be coming 10 will be fishing 11 won’t clean 12 won’t/shan’t be showing 13
won’t/shan’t be washing; will/shall be having 14 won’t/shan’t be wearing; won’t
recognize 15 won’t be, won’t believe
20.
1 If you eat so many cakes, you’ll get a tummy-ache. 2 If you are a good boy you
shall have an electric train set for your birthday. 3 Do you happen to know if the
composer himself will be there too? 4 You shall have anything you want if you
succeed in your examination. 5 This is the first time I have ever seen a real whale. 6
Don’t disturb me at 4 p. m. I shall be having my nap. 7 I can assure you that as soon
as you have seen him you will like him.
Revision Exercises – The Verb
1.
a ... since I went; b ... got my arm broken ... playing; c ... I’ve ever had;
d ... haven’t skied for ...; e ... had ... been waiting ...; f ... have known ...;
g ... was lying ...; h ... ‘11 be having lunch ...; i ... have ... seen him
2.
1 stood; 2 went; 3 walked; 4 testing; 5 begins; 6 stumbling; 7 imagines;
8 walking; 9 swinging; 10 will build; 11 gets; 12 has he begun; 13 feels; 14 is; 15
hidden/hiding; 16 waiting; 17 to lie; 18 close; 19 sneaking; 20 slitting
3.
1 get; 2 realise; 3 are standing; 4 seems; 5 is known; 6 means; 7 becomes; 8 is
dreaming; 9 participate; 10 compares; 11 having; 12 wanted; 13 says; 14 has
researched; 15 having; 16 performing; 17 leaping; 18 being; 19 has crept; 20 being
trained; 21 is used; 22 plague; 23 recounts; 24 saw; 25 became; 26 barred; 27
threatened; 28 said; 29 pushed; 30 letting; 31 lay; 32 put; 33 are warning;
34 to interfere; 35 throw; 36 is troubling; 37 has started; 38 growing; 39 have
developed; 40 trigger
4.
1 was steaming; 2 had burned; 3 was winding; 4 persuaded; 5 to cooperate;
6 were enlisted
5.
1 I have finished; be seen; come; go 2 needed; being 3 will have central heating
installed 4 has just arrived; am called 5 felt; was; was; being; needed; had missed;
had; had been; came; were 6 being given; was travelling; he had ... stolen 7 to attract
8 pleased; solving 9 have had; fashioning; were doing; did; has happened; is
happening; philosophize 10 missing 11 to eating 12 were annoyed; our leaving
6.
1 had; 2 returned; had learned; 3 had been; became; 4 had lived up; doing 5 got up;
went; 6 change; 7 worrying; 8 were; has increased 9 have become; have vanished;
have been
7.
1 to be put; 2 to be elected; 3 be trusted; 4 was becoming, had become; 5 was
distressed; 6 are passed; 7 will be made; 8 are allowed; 9 be damned; 10 are being
turned; 11 are you worried; 12 be reselected; 13 should you/do you fear; 14 is taken;
15 was agreed; 16 are overreacting; 17 is lost; 18 will split, will be split; 19 will
recover; 20 have been saying; 21 was founded
8.
1 to find; 2 are you doing/are you going to do/will you be doing; 3 are going/are
going to go/will be going; 4 leaves/has left; 5 has been watching/watches; 6 tries; 7
spends, will probably go, makes; 8 making; 9 want; 10 haven’t seen;
11 was failling/had fallen, broke; 12 has ever spoken/speaks; 13 live, are living, has
gone; 14 have been waiting; 15 to learn, wants; 16 will be watching;
17 falls; 18 would be expanded/was expanding/would be expanding/had been
expanded/had expanded; 19 have you been, have been testing/was testing;
20 was staring.
9.
1 jumping; 2 come; 3 Watching; 4 has finished/finishes; 5 meeting; 6 left; 7 am
thinking; 8 haven’t seen/didn’t see, was listening; 9 eat; 10 have been studying,
haven’t discovered; 11 had done/had been doing/did; 12 to teach; 13 has worked/has
been working, left; 14 sending; 15 had had; 16 peel/wil peel, will chop; 17 is always
biting/bites; 18 finish/have finished; 19 to buy; 20 finish/have finished, am doing,
will go.
10.
1 Is painted/has been painted; 2 notto invite; 3 has changed, left; 4 saw. haven’t seen;
5 will be able to/can; 6 have been working; have made; 7 living; 8 freezes, will be; 9
had been studying; 10 are invited/have been invited/will be invited/were invited; 11
eating; 12 talking; 13 hadn’t phoned; 14 parked/park; 15 murdering; 16 had been
devastated; 17 was flying, fell; 18 Would/will be, would/will have; 19
weren’t/wasn’t, wouldn’t buy; 20 has been eating/must have been eating, has eaten
11.
1 shout; 2 arrived, had already had; 3 will be travelling; 4 had adopted; 5 would be
stopped; 6 study; 7 to like giving; 8 were, would bite; 9 had given;
10 was/were given; 11 kiss; 12 went/were going; 13 is believed; 14 to arrive;
15 had been ruling/had ruled; 16 to smoke, have changed; 17 wouldn’ t have hit,
hadn’ t danced/will not hit, doesn’t dance; 18 would change; 19 would never have
gone, had known, would be/was going to be; 20 hadn’t told.
12.
1 marrying/having married; 2 will be swimming; 3 stop, singing; 4 reading;
5 drinking; 6 had told, would have helped/could have helped; 7 to have; 8 to buy; 9
would wait; 10 had; 11 would still be, hadn’t taken; 12 had done, wouldn’t be; 13
came, were, had been playing/come, will be, are playing; 14 meeting; 15 was having,
met, hadn’t seen; 16 barking; 17 has been done, was taken; 18 go, stay/be going,
staying; 19 was/were; 20 had been waiting, arrived.
13.
1 talked; 2 finished, are waiting/have been waiting; 3 had come, would have met; 4 to
buy; 5 hadn’t invited; 6 open; 7 got, was cooking, had been working, arrived; 8
was/were; 9 retiring; 10 hasn’t had, came, had taken; 11 hasn’ t written, changed,
hear, will get; 12 not smoking; 13 was waiting, began, to rain, hadn’t taken; 14 had
been driving/had driven, wouldn’t have caused/might not have caused; 15 to be able,
to play; 16 cross/crossing; 17 had been; 18 had behaved, wouldn’t be; 19 went,
hearing; 20 had known.
14.
1 looking; 2 being; 3 have worked/have been working; 4 have dated/have been
dating; 5 leaving; 6 have married; 7 have spent; 8 didn’t drop; 9 wouldn’t keep
pouring; 10 comes/came/were to come; 11 will have been working/will have worked;
12 shivering; 13 will have been; 14 peeling, holding, doing;
15 mending; 16 flying; 17 reading, doing; 18 promising, to help; 19 feeling;
20 seeing, was, got, dressed, could.

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Unit 7.

The Past Perfect Simple Tense

1 She drops /s/ 7 She rushes /iz/

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