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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VI SEMESTER

ME 6604-Gas Dynamics and Jet

Propulsion

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2017 – 18

Prepared by Dr.K.Sivakumar Associate

Professor/Mech, Mr.J.P.Ramesh, Assistant

Professor/Mech , Mr.G.Aanath, Assistant

Professor/Mech
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK SUBJECT : ME6604 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION

SEM / YEAR: VI / III

UNIT I
SYLLABUS
Energy and momentum equations of compressible fluid flows – Stagnation states, Mach waves
andMach cone – Effect of Mach number on compressibility – Isentropic flow through variable ducts
–Nozzle and Diffusers.

PART - A
Q. No Questions BTL Competence
Level
1. Distinguish between nozzle and diffuser. BTL-2 Understanding
2. When does maximum flow occur for an isentropic flow with Remembering
BTL-1
variable are duct?
3. Differentiate between compressible and incompressible flow. BTL-2 Understanding
4. Name the four reference velocities that ate used in expressing
BTL-1 Remembering
the third velocities in non- dimensional form.
5. ‘Zone of Silence’ is absent in subsonic flow, Why? BTL-5 Evaluating
6. What is the cross section of the nozzle required to BTL-5 Evaluating
increase the velocity of compressible fluid flow from (a)
7. subsonic to supersonic,
What is subsonic, sonic (b)
andsubsonic to sonic?
supersonic flow with respect to BTL-5 Evaluating
Mach number?
8. How the area and velocity vary in supersonic flow of nozzle BTL-6 Creating
and diffuser?
9. Define compressible flow and Mach number. BTL-1 Remembering

10. Predict stagnation state. BTL-2 Understanding


11. Express the stagnation enthalpy in terms of static enthalpy BTL-4 Analyzing
and velocity of flow.
12. List the condition for choking in CD nozzle. BTL-1 Remembering

13. Draw the disturbances wave propagation in compressible BTL-3 Applying


flow M = 1 and M>1.
14. Remembering
When M* is used instead of M? BTL-1
15. Creating
Rewrite the advantage of using M* (second kind of Mach BTL-6
16. number)
The waveinstead of M (local
front caused Mach
by firing number)
a bullet gaveinasome
Machcases. BTL-3 Applying
angle of 35˚. Find the velocity of the bullet if the static
temperature of atmosphere is 276K.
17. What is a Mach cone? BTL-5 Evaluating
18. Define Mach number. BTL-1 Remembering
19. Describe compressible flow. BTL-2 Understanding

20. Discuss stagnation temperature and stagnation pressure. BTL-2 Understanding

PART – B
(a) Derive the following relations for one dimensional
isentropic flow:
BTL-6 Creating
1.

(b) Derive the relation of effect of Mach number on BTL-6 Creating


Compressibility.
Derive the equation for mass flow rate in terms of area ratio?

2. BTL-6 Creating

(a) Derive the Bernoulli equation for isentropic compressible


flow?
BTL-6 Creating

3. (b) Derive the equation of pressure co - efficient for


compressible flow?
BTL-6 Applying

Carbon di oxide expands isentropically through a nozzle


4. from a pressure of 3.2 bar to 1 bar. If the initial temperature BTL-3
is 475 K, determine the final temperature, the enthalpy drop Applying
and the change in internal energy.
5.
Air (γ=1.4, R=287 J/Kg-K) at an inlet Mach number of 0.2
enters a straight duct at 400 K and expands isentropically if
the exit Mach number is 0.8 determine the following. BTL-3 Applying

i. Stagnation temperature
ii. Critical temperature
iii. Static temperature at exit
iv. Area ratio.
6. Draw and explain Mach cone, Mach angle and Mach waves. BTL-3 Applying
7. A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm
and 30 cm respectively. The pressure temperature and
velocity of air at entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/s
respectively. Determine BTL-3 Applying
i. The exit pressure,
ii. The exit velocity and
iii. The force exerted on the diffuser walls.
Assume isentropic flow, γ =1.4, Cp =1.005 KJ/Kg-K.
8. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test – section Mach
number of 2.0.Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at
0.69 bars and 310 K .The cross – sectional area of the throat
is 1000cm². Determine the following quantities for the
tunnel for one dimensional isentropic flow
i. Pressures, temperature and velocities BTL-3 Applying
at the throat and test sections,
ii. Area of cross- sectional of the test
section
iii. Mass flow rate
iv. Power rate required to drive the compressor

9. (a) Ambient air (Po = 1 bar, To = 285 K) is sucked by a


blower through a convergent nozzle. The throat diameter is
12 cm. if the velocity at throat reaches the sonic value. Applying
Determine: BTL-3

i) Pressure and temperature at the throat

ii) Maximum mass flow rate


(b) A supersonic wind tunnel settling chamber expands air
of Freon-21 through a nozzle from a pressure of 10 bar to 4
bar in the test section. Calculate the stagnation temperature
to be maintained in the settling chamber to oBTLain a
velocity at 500 m/s. in the test section for BTL-3 Applying
i) Air ( Cp = 1.025 KJ/Kg-K Cv = 0.735
KJ/Kg-K)
ii) Freon-21 ( Cp = 0.785 KJ/Kg-K Cv = 0.675
KJ/Kg-K)
What is the test section Mach number for each case?
10. An air craft is flying at an altitude of 11000 meters, at 800
Km/hr. the air is reversibly compressed in an inlet diffuser
the inlet temperature is 216.65 K and pressure is 0.226 bar. If
the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.35. Calculate BTL-3
the following Applying

1. Entry Mach number


2. Velocity, pressure and temperature of air at
the diffuser exit.

11. Given speeds and Mach numbers. Assuming air is a perfect


gas, determine the corresponding local temperature (take 1
mi/hr = 0.447 m/s) for the following:
1) A Boeing 747-400 at a cruise speed of 910 Remembering
BTL-1
km/hr. M=0.85.
2) Concorde at a cruise speed of 1320 mi/hr.
3) The fastest airplane, the Lockheed SR-71
Blackbird, flying at 2200 mi/hr ; M=3.3
4) The fastest car, the thrust SSC, averaged
760.035 mi/hr; M=0.97.
Helium flows at Mach 0.5 in a channel with cross – sectional
area of 0.16 m2. The stagnation pressure of the flow is 1 BTL-1 Remembering
MPa, and stagnation temperature is 1000 K. Calculate the
mass flow rate through the channel, with γ = 5/3.

12. A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow


from a Mach number of 1.5, the static conditions of air at
inlet are 70 kPa and -7oC. if the mass flow rate of air is
125kg/s, determine BTL-2 Understanding
1. Stagnation conditions
2. Area at throat and exit
3. Static conditions of air at exit
13. Air flow in a duct with a velocity of 215 m/s. The
temperature of air measured at a point along the duct is
30oC and the air pressure is 5 bar. Determine BTL-4 Analyzing
1) Stagnation Pressure
2) Mach number at that point.
14. Air (γ =1.4, R=287.43 J/Kg K) enters a straight axis
symmetric duct at 300 K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and leaves it
at 277 K, 500 cm². Assuming adiabatic flow determines:
i. Stagnation temperature,(4) BTL-3 Applying(4)
ii. Maximum velocity, (4) (4)
iii. Mass flow rate, and, (4) (4)
iv. Area of cross-section at exit. (4) (4) BTL-
3

PART - C

1. Air is discharged from a reservoir at po = 6.91 bar and To =


325ºC through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the
flow rate is 3600 Kg/hr, determine throat area, pressure and
BTL-1 Remembering
velocity at the throat, exit area, exit Mach number and
maximum velocity. Consider flow is isentropic.
2. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a
flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5ºC and 1.4 respectively. If the
exit mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a BTL-3 Applying
perfect gas (γ = 1.3, R = 0.469 kJ/Kg K). I) Stagnation
temperature. ii) Temperature and velocity of gas at exit. iii)
The flow rate per square metre of the inlet cross-section.
3. In an isentropic flow diffuser the inlet area is 0.15 m2. At the
inlet velocity 240m/s, static temperature = 300 k and static BTL-4 Analyzing
pressure 0.7 bar. Air leaves he diffuser with a velocity of 120
m/s. Calculate at the exit the mass flow rate, stagnation
pressure, stagnation temperature, area and entropy change
across the diffuser.
4. BTL-2 Understanding
Derive area ratio as a function of Mach number for one
dimensional isentropic flow
UNIT II
SYLLABUS

Flows through constant area ducts with heat transfer (Rayleigh flow) and Friction (Fanno flow) –
variation of flow properties.
PART - A
1 Give assumptions made on Rayleigh flow. BTL-2 Understanding
2 Differentiate between Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow. BTL-2 Understanding

3 Give two practical examples for Fanno flow and Rayleigh BTL-2 Understanding
flow analysis.
4 Sketch the Rayleigh line on the T-s plane and explain the BTL-3 Applying
significance of it.
5 List some flow properties. BTL-1 Remembering

6 Label the limiting Mach number in isothermal flow. BTL-1 Remembering


7 State the assumptions made to derive the equations for BTL-2 Understanding
isothermal flow.
8 Explain at what conditions the assumption of Rayleigh flow BTL-4 Analyzing
is not valid in a heat exchanger.
9 What is the value of Mach number of air at the maximum BTL-5 Evaluating
point in Rayleigh heating process?
10 Write down the expression for the pressure ratio of two BTL-6
Creating
sections in terms of Mach number in Rayleigh flow.
11 Write down the ratio of velocities between any two sections BTL-6 Creating
in terms of their Mach number in a Fanno flow.
12 Define Rayleigh line and Fanno line. BTL-1 Remembering
13 Define critical condition in Fanno flow. BTL-1 Remembering
14 State the assumptions made for Fanno flow. BTL-1 Remembering
15 Explain the difference between Fanno flow and isothermal BTL-4 Analyzing
flow.
16 Give four examples of Fanno flow in thermal systems. BTL-2 Understanding
17 Draw Fanno curve and represent subsonic and supersonic BTL-3 Applying
flows.
18 Explain chocking in Fanno flow. BTL-4 Analyzing
19 Define fanning’s coefficient of skin friction. BTL-1 Remembering
20 What is the consumption made for Fanno flow? BTL-5 Evaluating

PART – B

1 Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach number.


Sufficient heat is added to obtain a stagnation temperature
ratio of 3 and a final Mach number of 0.8. Determine the BTL-3 Applying
Mach number at entry and the percentage loss in static
pressure. Take γ = 1.4 and Cp =1.005 kJ/kg-K.
2 The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is
0.9. The ratio of stagnation temperature at exit and entry is
3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit is BTL-3 Applying
2.5 bar and 1000°C respectively, determine (a) Mach number,
pressure and temperature of the gas at entry (b) the heat
supplied per kg of the gas and (c) the maximum heat that can
be supplied. Take γ = 1.3, Cp= 1.218 KJ/Kg-K.
3.
The conditions of a gas in a combustor at entry are: P1 =
0.343 bar ,T1 = 310K ,C1= 60m/s. Determine the Mach
BTL-3 Applying
number, pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit if the
increase in stagnation enthalpy of the gas between entry
and exit is 1172.5 KJ/Kg. Take Cp=1.005 KJ/Kg-K,γ =1.4.
4.
A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives air at
350 K, 0.55 bar and 75 m/s. The air – fuel ratio is 29 and
the calorific value of the fuel is 41.87 MJ/Kg .Taking γ = 1.4 BTL-3 Applying
and R = 0.287 KJ/Kg-K for the gas determine.
a) The initial and final Mach numbers,
b) Final pressure, temperature and velocity of the
gas
c) Percent stagnation pressure loss in the
combustion chamber and
d) The maximum stagnation temperature
attainable.
5.
A supersonic nozzle is provided with a constant diameter
circular duct at exit. The duct diameter is same as the nozzle
exit diameter. Nozzle exit cross-section is three times that of
its throat. The entry conditions of the gas (γ=1.4, R=0.287 BTL-3 Applying
kJ/Kg K) are P0 =10 bar, T0= 600 K .Calculate the static
pressure, Mach number and the velocity of the gas in the
duct:
(1) When the nozzle operates at its design condition,
(2) When a normal shock occurs at its exit.
6. Air flows out of a pipe with a diameter of 0.3 m at a rate of
1000 m3/ min at a pressure and temperature of 150 KPa and BTL-3 Applying
293 K respectively. If the pipe is 50 m long, and assuming
that friction coefficient f = 0.005, find the Mach number at
exit, the inlet pressure and the inlet temperature.
7.
In an isentropic flow diffuser the inlet area is 0.15 m2. At the
inlet velocity 240 m/s, static temperature = 300 K and static Creating
pressure 0.7 bar. Air leaves the diffuser with a velocity of 120 BTL-6
m/s. calculate the exit the mass flow rate, stagnation pressure,
stagnation temperature, area and entropy change across the
diffuser.
8.
At an inlet temperature of 60oC flows with subsonic velocity
through an insulated pipe having inside diameter of 50 mm
and a length of 5 m. the pressure at the exit of the pipe is 101 BTL-2 Understanding
KPa and the flow is chocked at the end of the pipe. If the
friction factor 4f = 0.005, determine the inlet Mach number,
the mass flow rate and the exit temperature.
9.
Air (γ = 1.4) flows into a constant area insulated duct with a
Mach number of 0.20. For a duct diameter of 1 cm and
friction coefficient of 0.02, determine the duct length required
to reach Mach 0.60. Determine the length required to attain BTL-1 Remembering
Mach 1. Finally, if an additional 75cm is added to duct length
needed to reach Mach 1, while the initial stagnation
conditions are maintained, determine the reduction in flow
rate that would occur.
10. Air flows through a pipe of 25 mm diameter and 51 m length.
The conditions at the pipe exit are M2= 0.8, P2=1 atm and T2=
270 K. Assuming adiabatic one-dimensional flow, calculate
Remembering
M1, P1,T1 at the pipe entrance. Take the local friction BTL-1
coefficient to be 0.005.
11. A circular duct passes 8.25Kg/s of air at an exit Mach
number of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45
bar and 38°C respectively and the coefficient of friction
0.005. If the Mach number at entry is 0.15, determine : BTL- 3 Applying
i) The diameter of the duct
ii) Length of the duct
iii) Pressure and temperature at the exit
iv) Stagnation pressure loss and
Verify the exit Mach number through exit velocity and
temperature.
12. Air enters a long circular duct (d =12.5 cm, f = 0.0045) at a
Mach number 0.5, pressure 3.0 bar and temperature 312 K. If
the flow is isothermal throughout the duct determine (a) the
length of the duct required to change the Mach number to 0.7, Evaluating
(b) pressure and temperature of air at M = 0.7 (c) the length BTL-5
of the duct required to attain limiting Mach number, and (d)
State of air at the limiting Mach number. Compare these
values with those obtained in adiabatic flow.

13. A convergent –divergent nozzle is provided with a pipe of


constant cross-section at its exit the exit diameter of the
nozzle and that of the pipe is 40 cm. The mean coefficient of
friction for the pipe is 0.0025. Stagnation pressure and
temperature of air at the nozzle entry are12 bar and 600 K. BTL-3 Applying
The flow is isentropic in the nozzle and adiabatic in the
pipe. The Mach numbers at the entry and exit of the pipe are
1.8 and 1.0 respectively. Determine:
a) The length of the pipe
b) Diameter of the nozzle throat and
c) Pressure and temperature at the pipe exit.
14. Show that the upper and lower branches of a Fanno curve
represent subsonic and supersonic flows respectively. Prove Applying
BTL-3
that at the maximum entropy point Mach number is unity and
all processes approach this point. How would the state of a
gas in a flow change from the supersonic to subsonic branch?
PART -C
1.
Air having mach number 3 with total temperature 295°C and
static pressure 0.5 bar flows through a constant are duct
adiabatically to another section where the mach number is BTL-1 Remembering
1.5. Determine the amount of heat transfer and the change in
stagnation pressure
2.
The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber is
increased to 3.5 times its initial value. If the air at entry is at 5
bar, 105°C and a mach number of 0.25 determine: i) the BTL-3 Applying
Mach number, pressure and temperature at exit. ii) Stagnation
pressure loss and iii) the heat supplied per kg of air.
3. Atmospheric air at pressure 1.01325 x 105 N/m2 and
temperature 300 K is drawn through a frictionless bell-mouth
entrance into a 3 m long tube having a 0.05 m diameter. The
average friction coefficient f = 0.005, for the tube. The Analyzing
BTL-4
system is perfectly insulated.(i)Find the maximum mass flow
rate and the range of back pressures that will produce this
flow.(ii) What is the exit pressure required to produce 90% of
the maximum flow rate, and what will be the stagnation
pressure and the velocity at the exit for that mass flow rate?
4. Hydrogen gas enters an insulated tube of 25 mm diameter
with V1= 200 m/s, P1=250 kPa and T1= 303 K. What is the BTL-2 Understanding
length of the tube required for this flow to choke ? Determine
the exit pressure. The average friction factor of the tube is
f=0.03.
UNIT III

SYLLABUS

Governing equations – Variation of flow parameters across the normal and oblique shocks – Prandtl –
Meyer relations – Applications.

PART - A
1. Why the efficiency of a machine, experiencing shock wave is BTL-5 Evaluating
considerably low?
2. A normal shock occurs at a point in air flow where the BTL-3 Applying
pressure is 530 KPa and the temperature is -30C. If the
pressure ratio across this shock wave is 2.6. Find the Mach
number and static temperature at the downstream of the shock
waves.
3. Prepare the beneficial and adverse effects of shock waves. BTL-6 Creating
4. Define oblique shock. BTL-1 Remembering
5. What is the use of Pitot tube in supersonic flow? BTL-5 Evaluate

6. State the reasons the shock waves cannot be developed in BTL-2 Understanding
subsonic flow.
7. Mention the useful applications of shock wave. BTL-2 Understanding

8. Prepare the list the situations where shocks are undesirable. BTL-6 Creating
9. Explain how the pilot tube and could be used to measure the BTL-4 Analyzing
Mach number in supersonic flow.
10. Complete the Prandtl-Meyer relation for normal shock. BTL-3 Applying

11 Write the changes across normal shock for Mach number and BTL-5 Evaluating
static pressure.
12 Give two useful applications of the shock waves. BTL-2 Understanding

13 Define strength of shock wave. BTL-1 Remembering

14 How is the shock formed? BTL-6 Creating

15 Where is the shock advantageous? BTL-1 Remembering


16 Define strong and weak wave. BTL-1 Remembering
17 Explain why the shock cannot occur in subsonic flows. BTL-5 Evaluating
18 Give the difference between Normal shock and Oblique BTL-2 Understanding
19 shock.
Define supersonic wind tunnels. BTL-1 Remembering

20 Calculate the strength of shock wave when normal shock BTL-3 Applying
appears at M = 2. PART -B
1 The state of a gas (γ=1.3, R =0.469 KJ/Kg K) upstream of a
normal shock is given by the following data: Mx =2.5, px= BTL-3
2bar, Tx =275K. Calculate the Mach number, pressure, Applying
temperature and velocity of the gas downstream of the shock;
check the calculated values with those give in the gas tables.
2
The ratio of the exit to entry area in a subsonic diffuser is
4.0 .The Mach number of a jet of air approaching the
BTL-3 Applying
diffuser at p0 =1.013 bar, T =290 K is 2.2.There is a
standing normal shock wave just outside the diffuser entry.
The flow in the diffuser is isentropic. Determine at the exit
of the diffuser.

1. Mach number 2. Temperature 3. Pressure


4. What is the stagnation pressure loss between
the initial and final states?
3 a) The velocity of a normal shock wave moving into stagnant
air (P =1.0 bar, T=17°C) is 500 m/s. If the area of cross-
section of the duct is constant. Determine (a) pressure (b)
temperature (c) velocity of air (d) stagnation temperature and BTL-3 Applying
(e) the Mach number imparted upstream of the wave front.

b) The following data refers to a supersonic wind tunnel:


Nozzle throat area =200cm²
Test section cross- section =337.5cm² Working
fluid; air (γ=1.4, Cp =0.287 KJ/Kg K)
Calculate the test section Mach number and the diffuser throat BTL-3
area if a normal shock is located in the test section. Applying
4 A supersonic diffuser for air (γ=1.4) has an area ratio of 0.416
with an inlet Mach number of 2.4 (design value). Determine
the exit Mach number and the design value of the pressure
ratio across the diffuser for isentropic flow. At an off- design
value of the inlet Mach number (2.7) a normal shock occurs
inside the diffuser. Determine the upstream Mach number and BTL-3
area ratio at the section where the shock occurs, diffuser Applying
efficiency and the pressure ratio across the diffuser. Depict
graphically the static pressure distribution at off design.
5
Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal
shock oBTLain the following relations (or) Prandtl – Meyer
relation BTL-6
Cx x Cy =a*² Creating
Mx* x My* =1
6 A gas (γ =1.3) at p1 =345 Mbar, T1= 350 K and M1=1.5 is to
be isentropically expanded to 138 Mbar. Evaluate (a) the
deflection angle, (b) final Mach number and (c) the BTL-5 Evaluating
temperature of the gas.
7 a) A jet of air at Mach number of 2.5 is deflected inwards at
the corner of a curved wall. The wave angle at the corner is
60°. Determine the deflection angle of the wall, pressure and BTL-3 Applying
temperature ratios and final Mach number.

b) Derive the Rankine – Huguenot relation for an oblique


shock. Compare graphically the variation of density ratio with BTL-4 Analyzing
the initial Mach number in isentropic flow and flow with
oblique shock.
8 An oblique shock wave at an angle of 35° occurs at the BTL-6
leading edge a symmetrical wedge. Air has a Mach number of
2.0 upstream temperature of 310 K and upstream pressure of
10 bar. Determine the following BTL-1 Remembering
(i) Downstream pressure
(ii) Downstream temperature
(iii) Wedge angle
(iv) Downstream Mach number
9 An air jet at a Mach number of 2.1 is isentropically deflected
by 10° in the clockwise direction. The initial pressure is 100
Applying
kN/m2 and initial temperature is 98°C. Determine the final BTL-3
state of air after expansion.

10 Air approaches a symmetrical wedge (δ=15°) at a Mach


number of 2.0.Determine for the strong and weak waves (i)
Wave angle (ii)Pressure ratio (iii)Density ratio (iv)
Temperature ratio (v) Downstream Mach number.
Verify these values using Gas tables for normal shocks.
11 A jet of air at a Mach number of 2.5 is deflected inwards at
the corner of a curved wall. The wave angle at the corner is BTL-3 Applying
60°.Determine the deflection angle of the wall, pressure and
Remembering
temperature ratios and final Mach number. BTL-1
12 A supersonic stream of air at M=3.0 is deflected inwards by
15 degrees. This generates strong and weak oblique shock
waves. Calculate the following quantities for these waves: BTL-2 Understanding
Wave angle, Downstream Mach number, Temperature
ratio,static and stagnation pressure ratios.
13 A uniform supersonic air flow at Mach 2.0 passes over a
wedge. An oblique shock, making an angle of 40 ° with the
flow direction, is attached to the wedge. If the static pressure BTL-2
and temperature in the freestream are 0.5 x 105 N/m2 and Understanding
0°C, determine the static pressure and temperature behind the
wave , the Mach number of the flow passing over the wedge
and the wedge angle.
14 Air at P1=0.3*105 N/m2, T1=350K and M1=1.5 is to be
expanded isentropically to 0.13*105 N/m2. Determine (a) the
flow deflection angle, (b) final mach number, and (c) the
temperature of air after expansion. BTL-6 Creating
PART - C
1 A jet of air at 270K and 0.7 bar has an initial mach number of
1.9. If it passes through a normal shockwave, determine the
following for downstream of the shock. (1) Mach number (2) BTL-2 Understanding
Pressure (3) Temperature (4) Speed of sound (5) Jet of
velocity (6) Density.

2 Derive an expression for the Mach number downstream of a


normal shock in terms of upstream Mach number. Applying
BTL-3
3 For an oblique shock wave with a wave angle of 33° and
upstream Mach number 2.4, calculate the flow deflection
angle, the pressure and temperature ratios across the shock BTL-4 Analyzing
wave and the Mach number behind the wave.
4 A pilot tube kept in a supersonic wind tunnel forms a bow
shock ahead of it. The static pressure upstream of the shock is Remembering
16 kPa and the pressure at the mouth is 70 kPa. Estimate the BTL-1
mach number of the tunnel. If the stagnation temperature is
300oC, calculate the static temperature and total pressure
upstream and downstream of the tube.
UNIT IV
SYLLABUS

Theory of jet propulsion – Thrust equation – Thrust power and propulsive efficiency – Operating
principle, cycle analysis and use of stagnation state performance of ram jet, turbojet, turbofan and
turbo prop engines.

PART - A
1 Rewrite thrust power and propulsive efficiency of aircraft BTL-6 Creating
engine.
2 Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and BTL-4 Analyzing
turbine?
3 Name three commonly used aircraft engines. BTL-1 Remembering
4 List out the different types of jet engines. BTL-1 Remembering

5 Give the components of turbo jet. BTL-2 Understanding


6 A turbo jet engine having a flight velocity of 800 Km/hr at BTL-3 Applying
7 What are the
an ambient benefits
pressure of thrust
of 60KPa theaugmentation in aentering
properties of gas turbojet BTL-5 Evaluate
engine?
the nozzle are 300 KPa and 200˚C. The mass flow rate of air
8 Sketch the thrust and propulsive efficiency variation Applying
is 20 kg/s. Assuming for air Cp/C v = 1.4 and R = against
0.287 BTL-3
the speed ratio
LJ/Kg-K, for thrust
find the a turbopower
jet engine.
of the engine.
9 What is after burning in turbojet engines? BTL-5 Evaluating
10 List out the main parts of a Ram jet engine. BTL-1 Remembering
11 Define propulsive efficiency as applied to jet propulsion. BTL-1 Remembering
12 What is weight flow co-efficient? BTL-5 Evaluating
13 Find the ratio of jet speed to flight speed for optimum BTL-3 Applying
propulsive efficiency.
14 Rewrite any two differences between ram jet and pulse jet. BTL-6 Creating

15 What is scram jet? BTL-5 Evaluating

16 Write an expression for thrust of a jet propulsion. BTL-3 Applying

17 Discuss “ram effect”. BTL-2 Understanding


18 Define IWR. BTL-1 Remembering
19 Differentiate between pressure thrust and momentum thrust. BTL-2 Understanding
20 Define specific impulse. BTL-1 Remembering
PART - B
1 Explain the principle of operation of a turbojet engine and BTL-5 Evaluating
state its advantages and disadvantages.
2 Creating
(i) Explain the working principle of turbofan engine and Evaluating
turbojet engine with a neat sketch. BTL-5
B
(ii) A turbojet engine, on the test bed, receives air at 1 bar T
and 300 K and it is compressed through a compression ratio L
of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Fuel with heating -
value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the temperature to 1100 K 5
BTL-3 Applying
before entering the turbine with isentropic efficiency of 95%.
The mechanical transmission efficiency is 95%. The
expansion in the nozzle is complete. Determine the jet
velocity, specific impulse and specific fuel consumption.
3 i) Explain the working principle of Ramjet engine with a
neat sketch. BTL-4 Analyzing
ii) A turbojet engine, flying at an altitude, receives air at 0.6
bar and 255K and it is compressed through a compression
ratio of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of 80%. Fuel with
heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the temperature to
1200 K before entering the turbine with isentropic efficiency Applying
of 95%. The mechanical transmission efficiency is 97%. A BTL-3
convergent nozzle with an exit area of 0.5 m2 is used to
produce a gas jet. Determine the jet velocity, thrust, and
specific fuel consumption.
4
An aircraft flies at 90 Km/hr. One of its turbojet engines
takes in 40 kg/s of air and expands the gases to the ambient
pressure .The air –fuel ratio is 50 and the lower calorific BTL-3 Applying
value of the fuel is 43 MJ/Kg. For maximum thrust power,
determine: (a)jet velocity (b) thrust (c) specific thrust (d)
thrust power (e) propulsive, thermal and overall efficiencies
and (f) TSFC
B
5 A turbo jet engine propels an aircraft at a Mach number of T
0.8 in level flight at an altitude of 10 km The data for the L
engine is given below: -
Stagnation temperature at the turbine inlet =1200 K 3
Stagnation temperature rise through the compressor = 175 K
Calorific value of the fuel = 43 MJ/Kg
Compressor efficiency = 0.75
Combustion chamber efficiency = 0.975 BTL-3 Applying
Turbine efficiency =0.81
Mechanical efficiency of the power transmission between
turbine and compressor =0.98
Exhaust nozzle efficiency 0.97
Specific impulse =25 seconds
Assuming the same properties for air and combustion gases
calculate:
i) Fuel –air ratio,
ii) Compressor pressure ratio,
iii) Turbine pressure ratio,
iv) Exhaust nozzles pressure ratio ,and
v) Mach number of exhaust jet.
6 A turbojet aircraft flies at 875 km/hr. at an attitude of
10,000 m above mean sea level. Calculate (i) air flow rate
through the engine (ii) thrust (iii) specific thrust (iv)
specific impulse (v) thrust power and (vi) TSFC from the BTL-3 Applying
following data: diameter of the air at inlet section = 0.75 m
diameter of jet pipe at exit = 0.5 m velocity of the gases at
the exit of the jet pipe = 500 m/s pressure at the exit of the
jet pipe = 0.30 bar air to fuel ratio = 40.
7 (i) Derive the thrust equation for rocket engine. BTL-6 Creating

(ii)The diameter of the propeller of an aircraft is 2.5 m; it


flies at a speed of 500 km/hr at an altitude of 8000 m. For a
flight to jet speed ratio of 0.75, determine: The flow rate of
air through the propeller, Thrust produced, specific thrust, Applying
specific impulse and thrust power. BTL-3

8 An aircraft propeller flies at a speed of 440 Km/hr. The


diameter of the propeller is 4.1 m and the speed ratio is 0.8.
The ambient conditions of air at the flight altitude are T = BTL-3 Applying
255K and P = 0.55 bar. Find the following:
1. Thrust
2. Thrust Power
3. Propulsive efficiency.
9 A turbo propels an aircraft at a speed of 900 km/hour, while
taking 3000 Kg of air per minute. The isentropic enthalpy
drop in the nozzle is 200 KJ/Kg and nozzle efficiency is
90%. The air-fuel ratio is 85 and the combustion efficiency is
95%. The calorific value of the fuel is 42000 KJ/kg.
Calculate, BTL-3 Applying
i) The propulsive power
ii) Thrust power
iii)Thermal efficiency and
iv) Propulsive efficiency.
10 A turbojet engine is traveling at 850Km/h at standard sea
level conditions (101.32 KPa and 15oC) .The compressor
ratio is 4:1.The turbine inlet temperature is 1000oC.Calculate
Applying
BTL-3
(i) Specific Thrust
(ii) Thrust S A C
(iii) Propulsive efficiency
Assume γ = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg. K.

11 Differentiate turbojet and turbo prop propulsion engines with


suitable diagrams. BTL-1 Remembering

12 A ramjet engine operates at M = 1.2 at an altitude of 6500 m.


The diameter of inlet diffuser at entry is 50 cm and the
stagnation temperature at the nozzle entry is 1500 K. the
calorific value of the fuel used is 40 MJ/kg. The properties of
the combustion gases are same those of air (γ = 1.4, R = 287
J/kg. K). The velocity of the air at the diffuser exit is
negligible, calculate:
i. The efficiency of the ideal cycle BTL-1 Remembering
ii. Flight speed
iii. Air flow rate
iv. Diffuser pressure ratio
v. Fuel air ratio
vi. Nozzle jet Mach number
The efficiency of the diffuser = 0.9, combustor = 0.98 and
the nozzle = 0.96.
13 A turbojet has a speed of 750 km/hr while flying at an
altitude of 10000m. The propulsive efficiency of the jet is
50% and the overall efficiency of the turbine plant is 16%.
The density of the air at 10000 m altitude is 0.173 kg/m3.
The drag on the plane is 6250 N. calorific value of the fuel is BTL-2 Understanding
48000 kJ/Kg. Calculate
a. Absolute velocity of the jet
b. Diameter of the jet.
c. Power output of the unit in kW.
14 a) The diameter of the propeller of an aircraft is 2.5 m; it
flies at a speed of 500 km/hr at an altitude of 8000 m. for a
flight to jet speed ratio of 0.75, determine; the flow rate of air BTL-4 Analyzing
through the propeller, thrust produced, specific thrust,
specific impulse and thrust power.

b) Deduce the equation of Jet thrust and Propeller Thrust. BTL-5 Evaluating

PART -C
1 A turbojet engine operates at an altitude of 11km and a inlet
Mach number of 0.82. The data for a engine is given below:
Stagnation temperature at the turbine inlet = 1220K, Analyzing
Stagnation temperature rise through the Compressor = 170K, BTL-4
CV of the fuel = 42 MJ/kg, Compressor efficiency =
0.75,Combustor efficiency = 0.97,Turbine efficiency =
0.83.Determine (i) Air fuel ratio, (ii) Compressor pressure
ratio,(iii) Turbine pressure ratio,(iv)Velocity of aircraft.
2 Describe the working of supersonic ramjet engine with a neat
sketch. List out its advantages and disadvantages. BTL-5 Evaluating

3 A turbojet engine operating at a Mach number of 0.8 and the


altitude is 10Km has the following data. Calorific value of the BTL-1 Remembering
Evaluating
fuel is 42,899 kJ/Kg. thrust force is 50 kN, mass flow rate of
air is 45 kg/s, mass flow rate of fuel is 2.65 kg/s. etermine the
specific thrust,thrust specific fuel consumption, jet velocity,
thermal efficiency, propulsion efficiency and overall
efficiency. Assuming the exit pressure is equal to ambient
pressure.
4 Explain with sketches the working of the by-pass engine.
How thrust equation is derived for bypass engine? What are BTL-6 Creating
the merits and demerits of such engines over its competitors?

UNIT V
SYLLABUS

Types of rocket engines – Propellants-feeding systems – Ignition and combustion – Theory of


rocketpropulsion – Performance study – Staging – Terminal and characteristic velocity – Applications
–space flights.
PART - A
1 Why rocket is called as non-breathing engine? Can rocket BTL-4 Analyzing
work at vacuum?
2 Explain the applications of inhibitors in solid propellants. BTL-4 Analyzing
3 Rewrite the mono-propellants. Give examples. BTL-6 Creating
4 What are the types of rocket engines based on source of BTL-5 Evaluating
energy employed?
5 Prepare any four specific application of rocket. BTL-6 Creating
6 A rocket flies at 10080 km/hr. with an effective exhaust jet BTL-3 Applying
velocity of 1400 m/s and the propellant flow rate of 5kg/s.
Find the propulsion efficiency and propulsion power of the
rocket.
7 List down the types of rocket engines. BTL-1 Remembering
8 What is meant by hypergolic propellant? BTL-5 Evaluating
9 What is bypass engine and define bypass ratio? BTL-5 Evaluating
10 Briefly explain thrust augmentation and any two methods of BTL-4 Analyzing
achieving it.
11 BTL-2 Understanding
Give any two advantages and disadvantages of rockets
compared to air breathing engines.
12 Define escape velocity. BTL-1 Remembering
13 Distinguish between monopropellant and bipropellant. BTL-2 Understanding
14 Define rocket propulsion. BTL-1 Remembering
15 Name any two solid propellant fuels and oxidizers. BTL-1 Remembering
16 Differentiate the advantageous of solid propellant rockets BTL-2 Understanding
over liquid propellant rockets? List any two.
17 Define terminal velocity. BTL-1 Remembering
18 State thrust augmentation. BTL-1 Remembering
19 What is restricted burning in rockets? BTL-5 Evaluating
20 List out the types of liquid propellant rocket engines. BTL-1 Remembering
PART - B
1 (a) Explain the working of Multi-stage rocket with their BTL-5 Evaluating
merits and demerits.
(b) Describe the importance of characteristic velocity. A
weather satellite is to be launched at an altitude of 500 km
above the earth's surface. Determine the required orbital BTL-5 Evaluating
velocity and derive the equation used.
2 Evaluate the maximum velocity of a rocket and the altitude
attained from the following data:
Mass ratio = 0.15
Burnout time = 75s
Effective jet velocity = 2500 m/s BTL-5 Evaluating
What are the values of the velocity and altitude losses
due to gravity? Ignore drag and assume vertical trajectory.
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid BTL-3 Applying
propellants compared to solid propellants?
4 Explain with a neat sketch the working of a gas pressure feed
system used in liquid propellant rocket engines. BTL-3 Applying
5 Describe the important properties of liquid and solid
propellants desired for rocket propulsion. BTL-2 Understanding
6 A Rocket has the following data:
Propellant flow rate: = 203 Kg/s
Thrust Chamber Pressure: = 47 bar
Thrust Chamber temperature: = 3020 K
Nozzle exit diameter:650mm BTL-3 Applying
Ambient pressure: = 1.013 bar
Thrust produced: = 420 KN
Calculate effective jet velocity, actual velocity, specific
impulse and specific propellant consumption. Recalculate the
values of thrust and specific impulse for an altitude of
20000m.
7 A rocket nozzle has an exit area ratio 3:1 with isentropic
expansion. What will be the thrust per unit area of exit and
specific impulse if the combustion chamber temperature is BTL-5 Evaluating
2973 K and pressure is 20 bar. Assume atm. pressure is 1 bar
and R=0.287kJ/kg K and γ =1.3
8 Draw the sketch of a pulse jet engine. Write down its main BTL-3 Applying
advantages and disadvantages.
9 Discuss in detail the various propellants used in solid fuel
rockets and the liquid fuel system. Also sketch the propellant
feed-system for a liquid propellant rocket motor. BTL-2 Understanding
10 Calculate the orbital and escape velocities of a rocket at mean
sea level and an altitude of 300 km from the following data: BTL-3 Applying
Radius of earth at mean sea level = 6341.6Km
Acceleration due to gravity at mean sea level = 9.809 m/s².
11 Calculate the thrust, specific impulse propulsive efficiency,
thermal and overall efficiencies of a rocket engine from the BTL-1 Remembering
following data:
Effective jet velocity = 1250 m/s
Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.8
Oxidizer flow rate = 3.5 kg/s
Fuel flow rate = 1 kg/s
Heat of reaction of exhaust gases 2500 kJ/kg.
12 a) Deduce expressions for propulsive efficiency specific BTL-5 Evaluating
impulse and overall efficiency of a rocket engine.
b) A rocket has the following data: propellant flow rate 5.0
kg/s, nozzle exit diameter = 10 cm; nozzle exit pressure =
1.02 bar; ambient pressure = 1.013 bar; thrust chamber
pressure = 20 bar; thrust = 7 kN. Determine the effective jet BTL-3 Applying
velocity, actual jet velocity, specific impulse and the specific
propellant consumption.
13 a) Explain with a neat sketch the working of a turbo pump BTL-4 Analyzing
feed system used in liquid propellant rocket.(10)
b) The effective jet velocity from a rocket is 2700 m/s. The
forward flight velocity is 1350 m/s and the propellant
consumption is 78.6 kg/s. calculate: Thrust, Thrust power and Understanding
Propulsive efficiency(6) BTL-2

14 a) What are the properties of a good propellants? (10) BTL-1 Remembering

b) Write short notes about Escape velocity. (6) BTL-1 Remembering

PART -C
1 A rocket flies at 10,080 kmph with an effective exhaust jet
velocity of 1400 m/s and propellant flow rate of 5.0 kg/s. If
the heat of reaction of the propellant is 6500 kJ/kg of the
propellant mixture determine, (1) the propulsive efficiency BTL-2 Understanding
and power, (2) engine output and thermal efficiency and (3)
Overall efficiency.
2 Draw and explain various types of burning configuration of BTL-4 Analyzing
a solid propellant.
3 Explain briefly about the propellant feed system of a liquid BTL-5 Evaluating
propellant rocket engine
4 Awith
rocket engine
suitable has the
schematic following data: Effective jet
sketches. BTL-1 Remembering
velocity = 1200m/s. Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.82.
Oxidizer flow rate = 3.4 kg/s. Fuel flow rate = 1.2 kg/s.
Heat of reaction per kg of the exhaust gases =2520
kJ/kg. Calculate the following: (1). Thrust (2). Specific
impulse (3). Propulsive efficiency (4). Thermal
efficiency (5). Overall efficiency.

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