Nutrient Signs and Symptoms of Deficiency Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity

Night blindness, xerosis, Bitot’s spot, Anorexia, headache, blurred vision,

Vitamin A
keratomalacia, perifollicular dry skin, pruritus, painful extremities,
(retinol)
hyperkeratosis, anorexia, bone changes hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
Rickets/Osteomalacia, bone pain, Hypercalcemia & tetany, anorexia,
muscle weakness, fatigue, frequent nausea, vomiting, constipation,
Vitamin D*
infections, geriatric cognitive defects, polydipsia, polyuria, renal stones,
pediatric asthma hypertension
Loss of reflexes, gait
disturbance(posterior tract- Fatigue, headache, delayed wound
Vitamin E* spinocerebellar sx), paresis of gaze, healing, increased bleeding, muscle
eczema, psoriasis, poor wound healing, weakness
broken capillaries
Bruising, bleeding gums, poor wound
Vitamin K Hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity
clotting
Beriberi, edema, peripheral
Thiamine vitamin neuropathies/hot feet, lactic acidosis Arrhythmias, anaphylactic shock with
with carbohydrate loading, irritability,
B1 * large intravenous doses
poor coordination, symetrical muscle
weakness
Reddened, greasy scaly, puritic skin in
Riboflavin vitamin the oroaculogenital areas; dyssebacea
(shark skin), stomatitis, angular No cases reported
B2 *
cheilosis, magenta tongue,
photosensitivity, corneal vascularization
Release of histamine: severe flushing,
Pellagra: photosensitive dermatitis;
pruritus, gastrointestinal disturbances,
Niacin diarrhea; mucosal inflammation;
elevated serum uric acid and glucose,
dementia; beefy, red tongue
hepatic toxicity
Pantothenic acid Burning feet syndrome, fatigue, enteritis,
Diarrhea, water retention
B5 alopecia, dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis,
Peripheral sensory neuropathy, ataxia,
Vitamin B6 cheilosis, angular stomatitis, peripheral
perioral numbness
neuropathy, irritability, convulsions
Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, hair
loss, cognitive defects, palor, persistent
Folate* Masks vitamin B12 deficiency
fatigue, tender tongue, ABSENCE of
neurological symptoms
Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis & oral
mucosal lesions, tachycardia, anorexia,
Vitamin B12
sensory neuropathy/paresthsias, muscle No clear toxicity reported
cobalamin* weakness, memory loss, depression,
constipation, fatigue
 Nutrient Signs and Symptoms of Deficiency Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity
Biotin Scaly dermatitis, alopecia None reported
Scurvy, bleeding gums, anemia, fatigue,
aching bones, joints, and muscles,
Vitamin C Nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
perifollicular hemorrhages, poor wound
healing
Tetany, depression, anxiety, irritability,
Constipation, hypercalciuria,
Calcium* bone pain, osteoporosis, rickets/
hypercalcemia
chrondromalacia
Bone loss (rickets), weakness, anorexia,
Phosphorus Tetany (infants), arrhythmias
pain
Weakness, anorexia, nausea, irrational
Potassium Hyperkalemia cardiac toxicity
behavior, arrhythmias
Sodium Hypovolemia, muscle weakness Edema, hypertension
Infants: hypochloremic metabolic
Chloride Hypertension
acidosis
Nausea, weakness, cognitive
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Magnesium* impairment, arrhythmias, constipation,
hypotension
muscle cramps
Acute: vomiting, cyanosis, diarrhea,
shock Chronic: hepatomegaly, slate-
Iron Fatigue, anemia, glossitis
gray skin, cardiomyopathy,
arthropathy
Anorexia, growth retardation, Chronic: hypocupremia, microcytosis,
Zinc* hypogonadism, hypogeusia, poor wound impaired immune response, low HDL
healing levels
Iodine Endemic goiter, cretinism Iodide goiter, myxedema
Muscle pain, cardiomyopathy, growth Alopecia, fingernail changes, garlic
Selenium retardation, osteoarthritis (cartilage odor, nausea, diarrhea, peripheral
defects) neuropathy
Hypochromic anemia, neutropenia, Hyperactivity, depression, headaches,
Copper
osteoporosis, growth retardation capillary fagility
Weight loss, dementia, nausea/vomiting,
Manganese
changes in hair color, carb intolerance
Mottled, pitted teeth; impaired bone
Fluoride Not an essential nutrient health; kidney, nerve, and muscle
dysfunction
Weight loss, peripheral neuropathy,
Chromium
glucose intolerance
Molybdenum Irritability, coma Gout-like syndrome
Cataracts, macular degeneration,
NAC, glutathione* None reported
elevated GGT
Referenced  works:  Linus  Pauling  Institute,  SpectraCell,  Healthline.                                                      ©2014  Erica  Oberg  ND  MPH  |  Health  in  Practice