Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. What is metrology?
Metrology is the science of measurement. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical
aspects of measurement. Metrology is the process of making extremely precise measurements
of the relative positions and orientations of different optical and mechanical components.
Metrology is concerned with the establishment, reproduction, conservation and transfer of
units of measurement & their standards.
3. What is calibration?
Calibration is the comparing of an unknown measurement device against equal or better
known standard under specified conditions. Every measuring system must be provable. The
procedure adopted to prove the ability of a measuring system to measure reliably is called
‘calibration’.
7. Define an error.
Error may be defined as the difference between the best measured or indicated value and the
true or actual value. No measurement can be made without errors at all times i.e. 100%
accurate measurements cannot be made at all the times. Classified in different ways, they are:
Systematic error, Random errors and illegitimate errors.
27. Give the relationship among the different types of pressures and its definitions.
Atmospheric Pressure:
It is the pressure exerted by the earth’s atmosphere and is usually measured by a barometer.
At sea level. Its value is close to 1.013 x 105 N/m2 absolute and decreases with altitude.
Gage Pressure It represents the difference between the absolute pressure and the local
atmosphere pressure Vacuum It is an absolute pressure less the atmospheric pressure i.e. a
negative gage pressure.
Gauge pressure:
It is the system pressure which is measured with the pressure gauge, a device to measure the
pressure.
Atmosphere pressure: It is the pressure exerted by the air molecules on the object. This
atmospheric pressure is measured with the help of Barometer.
Absolute Pressure: It is the pressure measured with reference to the Zero pressure or perfect
vacuum. It represents the summation of atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure. Hence,
Disadvantages:
1. Range is limited as the pointer moves over a fixed scale.
2. Pointer scale system used can cause parallax error.
3. There are number of moving parts which create problems due to friction, and
ultimately the accuracy is less.
4. The instrument may become sensitive to vibration due to high inertia.
39. What is a sine bar?
Sine bar is a high precision & most accurate angle measuring instrument. It is used for
measurement of an angle of a given job or for setting an angle. They are hardened and
precision ground tools for accurate angle setting. It can be used in conjunction with set of
angle gauges and dial gauge for measurement of angles and tapers from horizontal surface.