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Feasibility Study Report
Main Report
(Volume - I)
Of
DOODHPOKHARI CHEPE HYDROPOWER PROJECT

Ajirkot Rural Municipality, Gorkha District
Province No. 4, Nepal
Submitted to:
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Energy
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT
Submitted by:
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.

New Baneshwor, Kathmandu
February, 2018
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project (8.8 MW)
Feasibility Study Report - Main Report (Volume - I)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SALIENT FEATURES ................................................................................................................. X
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................XIV
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1
Background ...................................................................................................................... 1
Objectives of Study.......................................................................................................... 2
Scopes of Work ................................................................................................................ 2
Methodology .................................................................................................................... 3
Organization of the Report............................................................................................. 3
Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................. 4
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA ............................................................................... 5
Project Location .............................................................................................................. 5
Physical Features ............................................................................................................. 5
Accessibility...................................................................................................................... 6
Infrastructure Facilities .................................................................................................. 7
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................... 8
Topographic Survey ........................................................................................................ 8
Objectives & Scope of Survey Work ......................................................................... 8
Information & Data .................................................................................................... 8
Methodology .............................................................................................................. 9
Detail Topographical Survey.......................................................................................... 9
The Survey Team ..................................................................................................... 10
The Survey Instruments ........................................................................................... 10
Final Coordinates ..................................................................................................... 11
Topographical Mapping ............................................................................................... 12
Hydrological Investigation ........................................................................................... 12
i
Collection of available Metrological and Hydrological Data .................................. 12
Findings and Remarks .................................................................................................. 13
HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES ............................................................................................ 15
General ........................................................................................................................... 15
Catchment Characteristics ........................................................................................... 15
Meteorological Information ......................................................................................... 18
4.1.1 Basin Rainfall........................................................................................................... 18
4.1.2 Reference Hydrology and Stream ............................................................................ 18
Mean monthly flow hydrograph .................................................................................. 19
Hydest Method ......................................................................................................... 19
DHM_2004 Method ................................................................................................. 19
MIP Method ............................................................................................................. 19
MHSP Method ......................................................................................................... 20
Catchment Area Ratio (CAR) .................................................................................. 20
Flow Duration Curves ................................................................................................... 22
Recommended mean monthly flow and flow duration curve ................................... 23
4.1.3 Recommendation ..................................................................................................... 25
Design Flow .................................................................................................................... 26
Flood Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 33
Design Flood................................................................................................................... 34
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL STUDY ....................................................................... 35
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 35
Geomorphology ............................................................................................................. 35
Regional Geology ........................................................................................................... 35
Geology around Chepe Headworks Area.................................................................... 36
Settling Basin ................................................................................................................. 37
Engineering geological description along Penstock Pipe alignment ......................... 37
ii
Powerhouse area ............................................................................................................ 37
CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................... 38
ALTERNATIVE STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION .......................................................... 39
Alternative Study........................................................................................................... 39
Location of Headworks and Powerhouse ................................................................ 39
Left or Right Side of the River Valley ..................................................................... 41
Headrace Alignment: Canal or Pipe or Tunnel ........................................................ 41
Machine with Bypass/Pressure Release Valve or Surge Shaft ................................ 41
Power Evacuation facilities & Interconnection Voltage .......................................... 42
Options for Project Development ................................................................................ 43
Alternatives Selection .................................................................................................... 44
Capacity Optimization .................................................................................................. 44
PROJECT DESCRIPTION & DESIGN CONCEPTS ..................................................... 45
Project Layout & Design .............................................................................................. 45
General Arrangement ................................................................................................... 45
Design Criteria............................................................................................................... 46
Functional &Hydraulic Design Criteria ................................................................... 47
Stability and Structural Criteria ............................................................................... 48
Civil Works Components.............................................................................................. 49
Headworks ............................................................................................................... 49
Gravel Trap & Side Spillway................................................................................... 49
Desander & Flushing Arrangement ......................................................................... 50
Approach Conduit and Headrace Pipe ..................................................................... 50
Penstock Pipe ........................................................................................................... 51
Anchor Blocks ......................................................................................................... 51
Saddle Supports ....................................................................................................... 52
Surge tank ................................................................................................................ 52
iii
Powerhouse & Tailrace ............................................................................................ 53
Metal Works .................................................................................................................. 54
List of Metal works Components ............................................................................. 54
Electromechanical Equipment ..................................................................................... 54
Power Facilities: Mechanical Equipment ................................................................ 54
Powerhouse Facilities: Electrical Equipments ......................................................... 62
TRANSMISSION & INTERCONNECTION WITH INPS............................................. 78
General ........................................................................................................................... 78
Projects around Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project ................................... 78
Power Transmission Line around the Project area ................................................... 78
Power Evacuation Alternatives .................................................................................... 79
POWER AND ENERGY ..................................................................................................... 80
Background .................................................................................................................... 80
Design Parameters......................................................................................................... 80
Net Head Variations ................................................................................................. 80
Plant Discharges....................................................................................................... 80
Rated Efficiencies .................................................................................................... 81
Plant Outages & Loss............................................................................................... 81
Power Potential .............................................................................................................. 81
Energy Calculation................................................................................................... 81
Dry Season & Wet Season Energy ............................................................................... 81
Conclusions & Recommendations ............................................................................... 82
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE.............. 83
General ....................................................................................................................... 83
Access Road ................................................................................................................ 83
Access in India ......................................................................................................... 83
iv
Access in Nepal........................................................................................................ 83
Construction Planning .............................................................................................. 84
General ..................................................................................................................... 84
Access Roads and Rope Way .................................................................................. 84
Spoil Disposal Area ................................................................................................. 85
Quarries and Borrow Areas ..................................................................................... 86
Contractors’ Temporary Camps ............................................................................... 86
Project Organization Chart ...................................................................................... 86
Engineers’ Camp ...................................................................................................... 91
Emergency Medical Unit ......................................................................................... 91
Permanent Facilities for Operation .......................................................................... 91
Construction Power ................................................................................................... 91
Contract Package ....................................................................................................... 92
Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................... 92
PROJECT ESTIMATED COST ..................................................................................... 95
General ....................................................................................................................... 95
Criteria and Assumptions ......................................................................................... 95
Estimating Methodology ........................................................................................... 95
Capital Cost ................................................................................................................ 96
Resource Costs ......................................................................................................... 96
Civil works ............................................................................................................... 97
Switchyard and Transmission Lines ........................................................................ 97
Unit Direct Cost ....................................................................................................... 97
Indirect Costs and Contractor's Overheads .............................................................. 97
Estimated Project Cost .............................................................................................. 99
PROJECT EVALUATION ............................................................................................ 102
The Project ............................................................................................................... 102
v
Methodology Adopted for Financial Analysis....................................................... 102
Key Assumptions for Financial Analysis ............................................................... 102
Cost Component for Financial Analysis ................................................................ 103
Total Project Cost .................................................................................................. 103
Financial Structure ................................................................................................. 103
Interest on Term Loan ............................................................................................ 103
Operation and Maintenance cost ............................................................................ 103
Insurance cost......................................................................................................... 104
Royalty ................................................................................................................... 104
Conditions on long term Loan ............................................................................... 104
Electromechanical Replacement Cost.................................................................... 104
Depreciation ........................................................................................................... 104
Financing fee ...................................................................................................... 105
Bonus and Welfare fund ..................................................................................... 105
Income Tax ......................................................................................................... 105
Revenue from the Project ....................................................................................... 105
Results of Financial Evaluation .............................................................................. 105
Results of Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................ 106
Scenario with change in Project Cost .................................................................... 106
Scenario with change in Energy Generation .......................................................... 106
Scenario with change in Discount Rate ................................................................. 106
Scenario with change in Interest Rate .................................................................... 107
Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 107
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................ 108
CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 108
RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 108
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Accessibility to the Project Site...................................................................................... 6
Table 3-1: List of Available Control Point Coordinates .................................................................. 8
Table 3-2: List of Survey Instruments ........................................................................................... 10
Table 3-3: Final Control Points Coordinates ................................................................................. 11
Table 3-4: Rainfall Station within Chepe Watershed .................................................................... 12
Table 3-5: Discharge Measurement at Chepe ................................................................................ 13
Table 4-1: Meteorological information of reference stations ........................................................ 18
Table 4-2: Computation of annual and monsoon precipitation at the centroid of the catchment area
under consideration ........................................................................................................................ 18
Table 4-3: Mean monthly flows obtained from Hydest method at Chepe intakes ........................ 19
Table 4-4: Mean monthly flows computed from DHM_2004 method .......................................... 19
Table 4-5: Mean monthly flows obtained from MIP method at the proposed intake .................... 20
Table 4-6: Mean monthly flow using MHSP Method ................................................................... 20
Table 4-7: Percentage Contribution of Catchment area based on elevation ranges ...................... 20
Table 4-8: Catchment Areas & CAR at different locations with respect to Garam Besi .............. 21
Table 4-9: Mean Monthly flow for Chepe intakes in correlation with Gauging Stations ............. 21
Table 4-10: Discharge and percentage of exceedence of flow ...................................................... 22
Table 4-11: Comparision of mean monthly flow obtained from various methods ........................ 23
Table 4-12: Adopted long term mean monthly flow ..................................................................... 25
Table 4-13: Adopted flow values with respective percentage of exceedence of flow. .................. 25
Table 4-14: Long-term Mean Monthly Flows at Garam Besi ....................................................... 29
Table 4-15: Long-term Mean Monthly Flows at Helambu ............................................................ 31
Table 4-16: Instantaneous Maximum Flood at Garam Besi (Stn. 440) ......................................... 33
Table 4-17: Flood Frequency Analysis .......................................................................................... 34
Table 7-1: Details of Gravel Trap and Spillway ............................................................................ 49
Table 7-2: Details of Desander ...................................................................................................... 50
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Table 8-1 : Projects around the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project ................................. 78
Table 8-2 : Transmission Line around the Project Area ................................................................ 78
Table 9-1: Mean Monthly Discharge Variations ........................................................................... 80
Table 10-1: Details of Routes ........................................................................................................ 84
Table 10-2: Major Load Centers and Estimated Power Requirement ........................................... 91
Table 10-3: Contract Packaging..................................................................................................... 92
Table 12-1: Total Project Cost ..................................................................................................... 103
Table 12-2: Financial Structure of Cost Distribution .................................................................. 103
Table 12-3: Annual Royalties for NLHPP ................................................................................... 104
Table 12-4: Characteristic Output Parameters of the Financial Evaluation ................................ 105
Table 12-5: Results of Sensitivity with respect to Change in Project Cost ................................. 106
Table 12-6: Results of Sensitivity with respect to Hydrological Risk ......................................... 106
Table 12-7: Sensitivity with respect to Change in Discount Rate ............................................... 106
Table 12-8: Sensitivity with respect to Change in Interest Rate .................................................. 107
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Figure 2-1: Location Map of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project ....................................... 5
Figure 4-1: Google Earth Map showing project catchment area and layout ................................. 16
Figure 4-2: Catchment area of Doodhpokhari Chepe HP for intake sites ..................................... 17
Figure 4-3: Mean monthly flow hydrograph for Chepe intake ...................................................... 22
Figure 4-4: Flow duration curve obtained from CAR method ...................................................... 23
Figure 4-5: Comparision of mean monthly flow hydrographs obtained from various methods. .. 24
Figure 4-6: Adopted long term mean monthly flow hydrograph with min. flow of 0.55 cumecs . 26
Figure 4-7: Adopted flow duration curve showing Q45% = 1.26 m3/s............................................ 26
Figure 4-8: Comparision of the results of Extreme flood distribution using various methods
(Gumbel distribution has been adopted for extreme flood analysis) ............................................. 34
Figure 5-1: Narrow steep slope of Chepe Khola observed at the vicinity headworks area ........... 35
Figure 5-2: Regional geology of project area ................................................................................ 36
Figure 5-3: Gneiss observed near at Headworks area .................................................................... 36
Figure 5-4: Alluvial deposits observed near Powerhouse area ...................................................... 37
Figure 6-1: Google Earth terrain image of the project area showing various possible alternative
layouts ............................................................................................................................................ 40
Figure 7-1: General Arrangement of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project ......................... 46
Figure 10-1: Layout map showing camp facilities quarry sites and disposal area ........................ 85
Figure 10-2: Organization Chart for Construction Phase (Client) ................................................. 88
Figure 10-3: Organization Chart for Operation and Maintenance Phase ...................................... 89
Figure 10-4: Organization Chart for Consultant (Construction Phase) ......................................... 90
Figure 10-5:Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project’s Construction Schedule........................ 94
ix
SALIENT FEATURES
1. Project Location
Province No. : 4 (Four)
Development Region : Western Development Region
Zone : Gandaki
District : Gorkha
Intake Site : Ajirkot Rural Municipality
Powerhouse Site : Ajirkot Rural Municipality
Geographical Co-ordinates
Latitude : 28°15'02" N - 28°16’52” N
Longitude : 84°38'30" E - 84°40'25" E
2. General
Name of River : Chepe Khola
Nearest Town : Siraan Danda
Type of Scheme : Run-of- River
Gross Head : 882.30 m
Net rated Head : 851.42 m
Installed Capacity : 8.8 MW
Average Annual Energy after Outage : 55.36 GWh
3. Hydrology
Catchment Area : 27.64 km2
Mean Annual Discharge : 2.67 m3/s
Design Discharge (at 40%PoE) : 1.26 m3/s
Riparian Release : 0.055 m3/s
Design Flood Discharge : 88.66 m3/s
Average Annual Precipitation : 2776 mm
4. Diversion Weir
Type of Weir : Free Flow weir
Length of Weir : 11 m
Crest Elevation : 2762.30 m
Spillway type : Hydraulic jump type
Under sluice Opening (W X H) : 1.5 m x 1.5 m
Under sluice Crest Level : 2760.70 m
5. Intake Structure cum Gravel Trap
Type of Intake : Orifice type side intake
No. of Openings : 2
x
Size of Intake (W x H) : 1 m x 0.8 m (each)
Intake Sill Level (Invert Level) : 2761.0 m
Length of Gravel Trap : 4.0 m
Width of Gravel Trap (Avg.) : 2.5 m
Overall depth : 6.5 m (with free board)
Particle size to be trapped : > 5 mm
Flushing Channel : 0.8m x 0.8 m (B x H)
6. Approach Conduit
Type : Circular
No. of Pipes : 1
Length : 233 m
Pipe Diameter : 1.0 m
No. of Anchor Blocks : 10
No. of Saddle Supports : 40
7. Desanding Basin
Type : Hopper Type Desanding Basin
No. of Chambers : 2 (Two)
Dimension (L x B x H) : 35 m x 2.5 m x 6 m (each)
Inlet Transition Length : 9.5 m
Particle Size to be settled : 0.2 mm
Trapping Efficiency : 90 %
8. Headrace Pipe / Tunnel
Type : Headrace pipe (Surface / Burried)
Internal Diameter : 1.0 m
Length : 1668 m
Steel Thickness/Type of Lining : 8 to 14 mm
9. Surge Tank / Forebay
Type : Surge Pipe
Effective Depth : 32 m
Diameter (Or size) : 1.5 m
Up Surge Level : 2777.05 m
Down Surge Level : 2747.05 m
Normal Operation Level : 2757.50 m
10. Steel Penstock Pipe
xi
Type : Penstock pipe (Surface / Burried)
Internal Diameter : 0.8 m
Length : 3005 m (Actual Length)
Steel Thickness : 12 to 44 mm
11. Powerhouse
Type : Surface Powerhouse
Size (L x W) : 37 m x 21.6 m
Height : 16.5 m
Turbine Axis Level : 1880 m
12. Tailrace
Type : Rectangular Canal
Tailrace Length : 50.9 m (approximate)
Size (W x D) : 1.2 m x 1.5 m
Tailrace Water Level : 1876.4 m
13. Turbine
Type : Pelton, horizontal axis
Number : 2
Rated Output Capacity per unit : 4.7 MW
Turbine Axis Level : 1880 m
Net Head : 851.42 m
Discharge per Unit : 0.68 m3/s
Efficiency : 88 %
14. Governor
Type : Solid state, PID control
Adjustment for Speed Drop : Between 0 to 10%
15. Generator
Type : Salient pole, Synchronous
Rated Output Capacity per Unit : 5.3 MVA
Power Factor : 0.85
Voltage : 11 kV
Frequency : 50 Hz
No of Units : 2
Excitation System : Brushless Type
Efficiency : 96 %
xii
16. Transformer
Type : Outdoor, Oil immersed, Three phase
Rated Capacity : 13 MVA
Voltage Ratio : 11/33 kV
No of Units : 2
Vector Group : YNd11
Efficiency : 99%
17. Transmission Line
Voltage Level : 33 kV, Double circuit
Length : 20 km (approximate)
Conductor Type : Dog
From : Powerhouse
To : 33 kV Hub Kirtipur Sub-station, Lamjung
18. Construction Period : 2.5 years
19. Power and Energy :
Installed Capacity : 8.8 MW
Estimated Annual Sellable Energy : 55.36 GWh
Dry : 18.63 GWh
Wet : 36.73 GWh
Estimated Annual Revenue : 33.28 Millon NPR
20. Financial Indicator :
Project Base Cost : 1,543 Million NPR
Interest During Construction (IDC) : 168 Million NPR
Project Cost Including IDC : 1,712 Million NPR
NPV : 737.69 Million NPR
BC Ratio : 1.47
FIRR (RoE) : 20.39 %
xiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The proposed Doodhpokhari Hydropower Project (8.8 MW) is located in Ajirkot Rural
Municipality of Gorkha district, Gandaki zone, Western Development Region, Nepal.
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project was identified as a potentially viable project by M/S
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. (DCHPL) during desk study in BS 2074. On
2074/07/26 BS, M/S Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. (the Client) owned the survey
license with the license boundary from 84°38'30" E - 84°40'25" E and 28°15'02" N - 28°16’52” N
for the period of two years having project capacity of 8.836 MW and engaged in-house team for
feasibility study of the project.
The project can be accessed from Kathmandu through an existing all weather road up to
Abukhaireni via Prithvi Highway (113 km). After Abukhaireni, about 43 km all weathered road
reaches up to Chanaute. Furthermore, from Chanaute Jaubari, an earthen road is available upto
Bhachchek which is about 22 km long. Alternatively, Bhachchek can also be reached from
Chanaute Muchowk via 16 km long earthen road. The 13 km earthen road is further extended from
Bhachchek upto Olan. At this level of study, it is anticipated that about 4 km of project access road
has to be constructed to access powerhouse area. The proposed power evacuation point at this level
of study is at Kritipur of Lamjung which is around 20 km from the powerhouse.
The source of water for Doodhpokhari Hydropower Project is originated from Chepe Khola which
is seasonally snow fed Rivers starting from the High Mountain/Hilly areas. The main intake of the
project is located at a river bed elevation of 2760 m with catchment area of 21.2 sq. km. and the
project also utilizes the water from other three additional streams two of which are situated across
the headrace pipe alignment at the chainages around 0+850 m and 1+050 m and one at the upsteam
of the stream located near 0+170 m of penstock pipe alignment. The contribution from the
catchment areas of these streams will make the project’s total catchment area to be 27.64 sq. km.
As there is no gauging stations at intake points of proposed projects, reference station based on
proximity and catchment characteristics has been selected to estimate the design flows of the
project. Garam Besi, (DHM station number 440, established in the same river but 30 km away
from our interest point) and Helambu at Melamchi River (DHM station number 627.5, based on
similarity in catchment characteristics) have been taken as reference stations for hydrological
analysis of the project. As these two stations yield different flows for the project, the weighted
average method has been used to estimate the design flow for the project. Based on the expert
experience in the similar nature of river, the weight given for Garam Besi station is 75% and
Helambu station is 25%. With this weightage, the design discharge at 45% exceedance is estimated
to be 1.26 m3/s. Similarly, the 100 yrs flood discharge at the intake area is estimated to be 89 m3/s
and at powerhouse it is 145 m3/s.
The detailed topographical survey was carried out within the project boundary immediately after
survey license has been awarded to the company to locate the hydropower structures more
precisely. The control points in topographic survey have been carried based on the reference
stations that have been established by Survey Department of GoN. The survey has been carried out
based on the norms and standard set of DoED. At this level of study, survey has been conducted
to prepare map in scale of 1:1000 with 1m interval of contour.
Based on the field visit and topographic survey data, preliminary design of project components
were conducted. The proposed configuration of the project mainly consists of intake, diversion
weir, and gravel trap with bed load sluicing arrangement, approach conduit, settling basins,
headrace pipe, surge tank, steel penstock, powerhouse and tailrace channel. Suitable locations of
xiv
project components have been identified during the field visit. The project consists of a main
headworks at Chepe Khola with weir crest level at 2762.30 m amsl. The headworks arrangement
consist of intake, gravel trap with spillway, approach conduit and settling basin with spillway. A
diversion weir and a side intake with two orifices divert required discharge from the Khola
followed by gravel trap to remove gravel from the discharge. The head water then is conveyed to
a desander via 233 m long approach conduit. The desander consists of two basins with a flushing
arrangement in each to remove fine particles. The excess flow in the waterway will be spilled via
side spillway at gravel trap and the desander basin during flood flow, plant shutdown and
emergency situation. The headrace pipe is of 1.0 m diameter and about 1642 m long that delevers
water from the desander basins up to m long penstock pipe of diameter 0.8 m. Surge Tank is
located at the junction of headrace pipe and penstock. Surge tank will be circular pipe having
diameter 1.5 m and about 85 m length. The water finally hits the Pelton turbines at powerhouse to
generate 8.8 MW of electricity. Two units of Pelton turbines are proposed with the centerline level
of 1880 m amsl. There will be an outdoor switchyard near the powerhouse. The power from project
will be transmitted to 33 kV Kirtiput Sub-station, Lamjung via 20 km long 33 kV double circuit
transmission line.
With available gross head of 882.30 m and design discharge of 1.26 m3/s, the installed capacity of
this project has been fixed at 8.8 MW. The total sellable energy is estimated 55.36 GWh with 18.63
GWh (33.65 %) at dry months of year and 36.73 GWh (66.35 %) at wet months of the year.
The generated power can be evacuated to the proposed 33 kV sub-station near Kirtipur, Lamjung
through 33 kV transmission line which is about 20km away from the powerhouse.
Preliminary cost estimate of the project shows that the total project cost is estimated as NPR 1712
million including management and IDC. However, the detail estimation needs to be done during
the further study.
The preliminary study shows that the project is technically and geologically sound. It is
recommended to conduct a detail study to finalize the project components size, cost and to perform
financial analysis of the project.
xv
Feasibility Study Report – Main Report (Volume – I)
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Nepal is blessed by large hydropower potential. As per the preliminary estimation, the
hydropower potential of the country is 83,000 MW. Out of this potential 42,000 MW is techno-
economically feasible. But, till date country could not harness this potential in a good pace, so
that the development of the country may be boomed up. At present, the Government of Nepal
has understood the necessity of fast development of hydropower in the country. For this the
Government is encouraging the Private Sector for its involvement in the development of
hydropower. Accordingly, separate policies and legal frame works are formulated in order to
attract private sector investment in this sector.
Although, the nature has endowed the country with very high potential for the development of
hydropower, only a little progress has been made in this sector and the country is exploiting
only a very small portion of this boon of nature. And currently, the country is reeling under a
perpetual state of energy crisis, which is hampering not only the activities of the people, but
also has serious impact on the industrial and economic growth of the country. Moreover, such
condition has caused the increase in import of electricity from India, import of petroleum
products and other alternative means of source of power generation or storage e.g. generators,
inverters, etc. This has also caused negative impact on the economy of the country.
In order to deal with such impending crisis in Nepal, immediate short term, midterm and long
term measures for augmenting the power supply system must be implemented. In this lieu,
Government of Nepal (GoN) through Department of Electricity Development (DoED) has
prepared guidelines for applying the Survey License for the Projects. Assisting in minimizing
the energy crisis in Nepal, M/S Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. wish to develop
the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project in Gorkha District at Province no. 4.
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project (DCHP) is located in Gorkha district of Nepal.

There are many micro hydro plants within the district serving the rural electrification. There
are many hydropower projects under study in Chepe River downstream of proposed
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project. Super Chepe HP (9.05 MW), Chayandi Khola
Hydropower Project (5.1 MW), Chepe Khola SHP (8.63 MW), Chepe Khola HP (7 MW) are
some projects awarded for survey license as per DoED website and are under study phase.
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project was identified as a potentially viable project by M/S
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. (DCHPL) during desk study in BS 2074 and the
Company applied for survey license to Department of Electricity Development (DoED),
Ministry of Energy, GoN. DoED has issued the survey license to the company on dated
2074/07/26 for the period of two years having project capacity of 8.836 MW to carryout
feasibility study and environmental studies and other necessary activities for implementation
of the project.
The survey license has been issued by DoED with the provision that the feasibility reports be
prepared in the format of “Guidelines for the Study of Hydropower Project” published in 2003
by DoED.
In the scenario of national crisis in the power sector in Nepal, the developers are very
enthusiastic to put forward all the efforts for speedy implementation of the project. Although
all the resource for speedy implementation of the project have already been managed by the
developers, required cooperation from all other stakeholders including local peoples,
government authority, NEA are equally important for the timely implementation of the project.
1
Several visits were made by different experts for investigating and exploring the options for
development possibilities and optimization. There were detailed calculations and discussions
finalized layout of the project and prepared feasibility level planning and design of the project.
This report contains the outcome of investigations, feasibility level planning and design of the
components on selected option as a reference to the developers and concerned authorities for
further actions.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main objective of the current study is to prepare feasibility study report after reviewing all
technical aspects, analyzing various options available, with optimization on technical and
financial parameters of the project to make it feasible for development. This report will be a
basis for the further detailed planning, detailed investigations and detailed engineering designs.
This report will also enable the developer to proceed with connection agreement, power
purchase agreement (PPA), and financial closure and finally obtain the generation license for
the implementation of the project.
SCOPES OF WORK
The preparation of feasibility report for DCHP services in facilitating the procedure for PPA,
generation license and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the project. The
detailed content and scope is guided by the DoED Guideline of 2003 but the followings are
formulated as general objectives of the study:
 Review of the previous works;
 Present the findings of the site visit and investigations by the experts;
 Find the discharge availability at the intake site for power generation;
 Measure discharge at the spot to verify the forecasted trend;
 Evaluate geological and geotechnical conditions of the project site for proposing
appropriate project components location and layout;
 Access the site for finding suitable development alternatives and recommend most
viable option for development;
 Prepare the general layout, profiles, sections with relevant design of all the project
components;
 To analyze the power and energy potentials form the project for capacity and energy
declaration for the PPA and connection agreement;
 Prepare feasibility drawings, rate analysis, quantity estimate, BoQ and cost estimate
for financial analysis;
 Identify the transmission & interconnection options, recommend most viable option,
find transmission line route, T/L cost estimates, interconnection system details;
 Evaluate the project cost as per present market trend assigning appropriate
contingencies and provisions for implementation; find potential revenue from the
project;
2
 Prepare Construction planning and management for the project implementation;
 Prepare cost estimation, financial analysis and projection, find financial indicators,
and carryout sensitivity analysis;
 Prepare feasibility study report as per the content of DoED guidelines.
METHODOLOGY
Desk Study Report has been reviewed. Other related hydrological and meteorological data are
collected and referred from Department of Hydrology and Metrology (DHM). Teams
comprising of engineers, geologist, hydrologist, electrical engineer, senior surveyor were
deputed to the project site for review and investigations of local condition. The developer
company M/S Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. (DCHPL) has hired in-house
consulting team for the preparation of the feasibility study.
The district rates and prevailing rates related to construction works at the area were collected
during the site visit for the purpose of cost estimation. A meeting with the local people was
undertaken by the developer to brief the objective of the present study and project to seek
cooperation from them. All the calculations, designs, layouts, estimations and report writing
were completed in Kathmandu.
Professionals and experts from various fields and from different organizations are involved in
the study at different stages with respective responsibility for the investigation, discussions,
design and finalization of feasibility study report preparation of the project.
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
This report related to the feasibility study report contains three volumes. The first volume
contains Main Report including salient features and executive summary, investigation details,
layout, design description, construction plan, cost and financial analysis of the project. The
second volume consists of references and investigation annexes. The third volume consists of
feasibility drawings. The contents of the respective chapters in the volumes are presented
below as an outline:
Volume - I: Main Report (Feasibility Study)
Chapter-1: Introduction: Contains the introduction and background of the report
Chapter-2: Description of Project Area: Includes the description of project location,

physical features and accessibility information.
Chapter-3: Survey & Investigations: Includes brief outline of the survey and other
investigations carried out at site for the project.
Chapter-4: Hydrological Study: Presents findings on hydrology and flood studies carried
out in order to investigate sufficiency of power potential from the project.
Chapter-5: Geological Study: Includes description of regional and local geological

settings, different engineering geological conditions present at the alignment and proposed
project components with further recommendations for next stage of study.
3
Chapter-6: Project Alternatives & Optimization: Contains the details of the available
alternatives, presented layouts and most suitable option recommended for development of the
project.
Chapter-7: Project Description & Design: Describes the features of the proposed project
layout, design features and component descriptions.
Chapter-8: Transmission & Interconnection with INPS: Contains the details of

transmission line & interconnections facilities to be provided by the project to evacuate power
to INPS.
Chapter-9: Power & Energy: Contains the assessment of power output from the project
and energy available at delivery point form the project for sales.
Chapter-10: Construction Planning: Contains the details of project development schedule,

institutional arrangement for the development of the project.
Chapter-11: Project Estimated Cost: Contains the estimate of project cost.
Chapter-12: Project Evaluation: Contains the details of project financing model, cash flow,
disbursements and repayment schedules, assessment of economic indicators of the project and
sensitivity analysis.
Chapter-13: Conclusion & Recommendation: Contains the outcomes of the study and
further action to be carried for the projects.
Volume – II: Annexes
Volume - III: Feasibility Drawings
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This feasibility study report has been prepared based on primary investigations and outcomes
of site visits and subsequent studies to provide the developer with a document to apply for PPA
and generation license. This first stage planning, design and conceptual framework for
drawings and calculation of estimates are based on 2017 market price. Some time lapse is
expected for interconnection agreement to be completed followed by PPA, financial closure,
IEE and acquisition of generation license and these activities have to be completed to get
complete picture of financial parameters and to make accurate projections. Although there is
reasonable contingency allocated for the possible deviation in various costs at this stage, the
outcome and indicators found in this report should be perceived comparatively based on actual
scenarios as a general reference only for further actions.
4
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA
PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is located in Ajirkot Rural

Municipality of Gorkha district Gandaki zone, Western Development Region, Province No. 4
of Nepal. The source of water for Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is originated from
Chepe Khola which is snow fed river starting from the High Mountain/Hilly areas. The
proposed main intake of the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is located north of Olan
village along left bank of Chepe Khola at an elevation of 2762.3 m above msl (weir crest level),
28°16'45"N & 84°38'58"E co-ordinate. Likewise, the powerhouse is located at an elevation of
1880 m above msl (turbine centerline level), 28°15'03"N & 84°38'52"E co-ordinate on the left
bank of the Chepe Khola. The gross head estimate is 882.30 m where water from Chepe Khola
will be diverted to left bank of the River & passes through headrace and steel penstock to the
powerhouse to generate the electric power.
Geographically, the project area is located in between the longitude 84°38'30" E - 84°40'25" E
and latitude 28°15'02" N - 28°16’52” N. Physiographically, the most of the project area
belongs to the Lesser Himalayan Region and lies in between 1880 m to 4000 m above mean
sea level.
Figure 2-1: Location Map of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Chepe Khola is one of the tributaries of Marshyangdi River. The headwater of Chepe Khola
originates from its numerous streams with discharge being contributed by both rainfall and
snowfall. The catchment area of Chepe area reaches up to the elevation of about 4,890 m at
5
Simke Dada. The main streams of Chepe Khola originate from Simke Dada, Neware Dada and
Kerre Dada. The catchment area of Chepe Khola at the project’s main intake is covered by
dense forest, range land and few snow cover. The study of available maps and aerial
photographs indicate no sign of the remarkable glaciers that would pose threat as the GLOF.
The main intake of the project is located at a river bed elevation of 2760 m (proposed weir
crest level: 2762.30 m) with catchment area of 21.2 sq. km. and the project also utilizes the
water from other three additional streams which are situated across the headrace pipe alignment
at the chainages around 1+180 m, 1+400 m and 2+000 m respectively. The contribution from
the catchment areas of these streams will make the project’s total catchment area to be 27.64
sq. km. Intake structures shall be constructed to divert the required flow from the streams and
merge the additional discharge to the waterway.
The overall layout and the general arrangement of the main structure have been proposed based
on the available maps, information and site visits. The proposed configuration of the project
mainly consists of intake, diversion weir, gravel trap with bed load sluicing arrangement,
settling basin, headrace pipe, surge tank, steel penstock, powerhouse and tailrace channel. The
headworks of the project is proposed in Chepe Khola where bed rock is exposed. The
desanding basin has been proposed around 250 m away from the proposed headworks area as
landslide is observed at downstream of the proposed headworks area. Along the headrace pipe
three small streams crossing are proposed. The headrace and penstock pipe mainly passes
through forest and barren land. The project is accessible via existing road upto Olan and only
around 4 km of road access to be constructed upto the powerhouse of the project area. The
proposed power evacuation point at this level of study is at Kritipur of Lamjung which is
around 20 km from the powerhouse. In general, the project site is very feasible for hydropower
development.
ACCESSIBILITY
Access Road is considered an integral part for the development of hydropower projects. It
plays a vital role not only for construction and maintenance purposes but also for the socio
economic development of the project area and strengthening of living standards of the people
of the project affected area.
At present, there is an existing all weather road up to Chanaute which can be accessed via
Chepetar from Prithivi Highway at Abukhaireni. The total length of existing access road is
presented in the table below:
Table 2-1: Accessibility to the Project Site
From To Distance, km Remarks

Prithivi Highway, All
Kalanki Abukhaireni 113
weathered
Chepetar Daraudi Daraudi Link Road, All
Abukhaireni 19
Bridge weathered
Chepetar Daraudi Daraudi Link Road, All
Chanaute 24
Bridge weathered
Chanaute Jaubari
22
Or
Bhachchek or Earthen Road
Chanaute
16
Muchowk
Bhachchek Olan 13 Earthen Road
6
From To Distance, km Remarks
Total 191
At this level of study it is anticipated that about 4 km of project access road has to be
constructed to access powerhouse area.
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Project is almost connected with motorable access road and only around 4 km of road has to
be constructed from the nearest village (Olan) to access the proposed powerhouse area.
Regarding transmission line grid, project site is not connected with national grid but numbers
of transmission line projects are under study and some are under construction in nearby
location of the project. Kirtipur sub-station, located in Lamjung district is the nearest to the
project site (around 20 km from proposed PH) which is under construction by NEA. There is
existing 33 kV NEA sub-station at Udipur, Lamjung. Power generated from the Doodhpokhari
Chepe Hydropower Project shall be evacuated to INPS through sub-station at Kirtipur or at
Udiput. Ihe project area is connected with NTC/NCELL GSM and CDMA communication
networks.
7
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS

During execution of the consulting services different site visits, surveys and exploration works
were carried out with involvement of various professionals and experts for the purpose of
planning different project components, alternative analysis, topographic survey, geological
mapping, survey of power evacuation options etc. This chapter describes the details of these
works carried out for survey and investigations.
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
Accuracy of detail design and planning of hydropower project components are mainly
dependent on the quality of survey work performed at site. So, an experienced survey team
headed by Senior Surveyor was deputed to the site.
The survey team was deputed to the project site immediately after the award of survey liscense
for the purpose of detail topographical survey.
Objectives & Scope of Survey Work
The survey works was carried with the objective of preparing maps of headworks location,
intake, desander, headrace pipe and penstock alignment, powerhouse locations and tailrace site
of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project. The Consultant's services included the
following:
 Monumentation of the Major control Points.
 Conduct checks on the existing points using GNSS control for relative accuracy.
 Establish new GNSS control points.
 Provide new coordinates for the existing control points using GNSS method.
 The topographical Survey of headwork sites, Surge tank, penstock pipe, powerhouse
sites, tailrace etc.
 Prepare Topographical map of contour interval 1m.
 Submit Detail Survey Report.
Information & Data
The available data was the electronic and printed copy of topographical maps provided by
Topographical Branch, Department of Survey provided by the Geodetic Branch, Department
of Survey. The data collected has been presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: List of Available Control Point Coordinates

In MUTM System Level
(Central Meridian 81) Height
Grid Sheet No. Reference
/Alignment. No. Northing Easting MSL Location
16A TRIG-2664 519869.990 3277115.020 - -
16A TRIG-2667 519324.470 3278079.070 - -
8
Methodology
Monumentation of Control Points
Control Points were established on cross chiseled boulders. Every control points were marked
by red enamel paint on the site. Description cards of all the major control points were prepared.
The description cards are presented in Annexes. The description cards of the control points
depicted the following information:
 ID of the Control Point
 Location description of the control point
 Monumentation type.
 Dimension to the references of the points.
 Coordinates of the point (E, N and Z) of the points.
Horizontal and Vertical Control
Closed traverse loops were carried out between the GNSS pairs to establish additional
horizontal control points for the project. Double set of data were observed. Both horizontal
angles and vertical angles were observed with face right and face left and the mean angle was
used as final angles. Distances were also measured from both right and left faces at back and
fore stations and mean distances were used. Traverse were conducted using high accuracy and
recently calibrated survey instrument with a least count of 1” in angles and ± (2mm + 2ppm x
D) in distance were employed. Closing errors (ΔE and ΔN) in each traverse loops were
calculated and distributed according to Compass (Bowditch) Rule. The accuracy of the traverse
loop is defined by 1/(√(ΔE2+ΔN2)/D). Some control points were observed as offset points from
traverse station. A total of 1 closed traverse loop was conducted.
Mean height difference from fore and back readings of points were used for calculation of level
loops. This process almost eliminates all the errors due to curvature of earth and refraction.
Errors of the loops were distributed evenly among the points to calculate the level of all the
traverse points. The traverse calculation summary is given in Annex – B.
Table 1: Accuracy Summary of Closed Traverse Loops.

Loop No. ΔE (m) ΔN (m) Traverse Length (m) Accuracy (m)
Loop - 1 -0.380 -0.163 3371.385 8154
DETAIL TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
Detail topographical survey was carried out immediately after the award of survey liscense for
the purpose of detail topographical survey. The detail feasibility survey was carried out on key
components of the hydropower project (intake, surge tank, powerhouse, tailrace alignment,
surge tank). The detail topographical survey covered a strip of 50-60 meters on the penstock
alignment and necessary coverage on the other components of the hydropower project. The list
of detail works completed is given in the table below.
The features of terrain have surveyed by means of spot surveying. Spot positions were taken
by the total station from different traverse and offset points. The survey adopted the break line
method of survey. Points were taken on the original ground surfaces where the break of slop
9
seemed to appear. Sufficient points were surveyed to represent the existing ground surface to
the fullest.
The detail topographical survey depicted following information on ground:
• High Flood Level, Water Level, River Center, River Bank, etc.
• Kulo, Gully, Kholsi etc.
• Boulders, Rock, Cliff, Land Slides etc.
• Trees etc.
• Houses, Shed, Temples, Mane, Gumba etc.
• Tap, Water tank etc.
• Roads, Bridges, Tracks etc.
• Agricultural, Forest, Village boundaries.
Table 2: List of Survey works Completed.

Details of Topographical Survey Units Quantity
Proposed headwork site HA 2.20
Proposed Surge Tank Area HA 9.50
Proposed powerhouse site HA 8.30
Proposed Pipeline Alignment HA 41.10
Proposed Road Alignment KM 3.2
The Survey Team
The Topographical survey team was composed of following surveyors:
Table 3: List of Detail Survey Team Members.
S. No. Name of Surveyors Designation

1 Mr. Raj Kumar Shrestha Survey Coordinator
2 Mr. Sanjay Mandal Surveyor
3 Mr. Man Kumar Tamang Surveyor
4 Mr. Prakash Karki Surveyor
5 Mr. Prakash Ghimire Surveyor
6 Mr. Sal Bdr. Tamang Ast. Surveyor
7 Mr. Manoj Tamang Ast. Surveyor
8 Mr. Kumar Tamang Ast. Surveyor
9 Mr. Kabi Raj Neupane Ast. Surveyor
10 Mr. Man Bdr Bista Ast. Surveyor
The Survey Instruments
The detail topographical survey was conducted using advanced total station which measures
the angle and distance precisely. Total station instruments measures angles by means of
electro-optical scanning of extremely precise digital bar-codes etched on rotating glass
cylinders or discs within the instrument and measurement of distance is accomplished with the
help Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) devices fitted Inside the telescope to measure
the distance accurately. The following instruments were used to complete the detail survey of
the project:
Table 3-2: List of Survey Instruments

Survey Equipment and Model Nos. Angle Accuracy Distance Accuracy
10
TOPCON - ES 1 ± 1” ± (2mm + 2ppm x D)
GOWIN 8E-0688 1 ± 2” ± (2mm + 2ppm x D)
Final Coordinates
The List of Final Control Points Coordinates are Shown below:
Table 3-3: Final Control Points Coordinates

POINT EASTING NORTHING
RL (m) CODE REMARKS
ID. (m) (m)
1 563745.542 3125947.621 1878.708 GPS-1
2 563719.991 3125874.927 1873.901 GPS-2
3 565134.258 3128212.704 2781.777 GPS-3
4 565205.699 3128243.605 2804.778 GPS-4
GNSS Control
5 563815.083 3129147.733 2760.476 GPS-5
Points
6 563773.088 3129164.208 2766.558 GPS-6
8 565251.802 3128167.506 2800.510 GPS-8
102 564352.335 3128673.814 2766.558 BL-102
103 564343.077 3128714.614 2719.633 BL-103
TP-1 565221.898 3127382.466 2644.796 TP-1
TP-2 565177.298 3127340.130 2622.541 TP-2
TP-3 565185.855 3127279.907 2608.149 TP-3
TP-4 565159.611 3127221.000 2591.430 TP-4
TP-5 565164.619 3127197.468 2586.711 TP-5
TP-6 565127.800 3127143.895 2551.481 TP-6
TP-7 565077.881 3127102.808 2535.222 TP-7
TP-8 565039.986 3127026.776 2510.356 TP-8
9 564997.975 3127002.772 2502.408 TP-9
10 564980.952 3126970.702 2495.366 TP-10
11 564956.433 3126953.133 2491.107 TP-11
12 564934.062 3126919.801 2456.007 TP-12
13 564879.892 3126899.102 2422.193 TP-13
14 564831.396 3126883.958 2403.633 TP-14
15 564801.780 3126865.132 2400.485 TP-15
16 564751.179 3126836.992 2400.453 TP-16 Traverse
200 564714.611 3126811.750 2387.307 BM-200 Control Points
17 564697.382 3126788.233 2372.853 TP-17
18 564710.835 3126740.147 2351.501 TP-18
19 564705.372 3126708.656 2337.956 TP-19
20 564652.858 3126663.058 2305.806 TP-20
21 564640.932 3126626.930 2292.050 TP-21
22 564606.496 3126604.524 2267.100 TP-22
23 564534.309 3126487.679 2236.981 TP-23
24 564470.280 3126466.809 2228.632 TP-24
25 564457.743 3126407.087 2226.344 TP-25
26 564403.876 3126372.374 2219.150 TP-26
27 564342.437 3126349.507 2207.479 TP-27
28 564281.710 3126315.543 2186.112 TP-28
29 564236.494 3126306.759 2182.006 TP-29
30 564203.719 3126283.783 2183.256 TP-30
31 564161.827 3126308.571 2157.942 TP-31
11
POINT EASTING NORTHING
RL (m) CODE REMARKS
ID. (m) (m)
32 564112.389 3126338.275 2120.603 TP-32
33 564068.905 3126375.095 2088.805 TP-33
34 564003.294 3126351.034 2039.803 TP-34
35 563948.546 3126356.148 2009.524 TP-35
36 563806.583 3126333.686 1930.400 TP-36
201 564703.187 3126808.220 2381.729 BM-201
202 564206.764 3126282.292 2185.999 BM-202
203 564214.244 3126278.663 2189.539 BM-203
110 563692.402 3125809.582 1861.110 BM-110(FS-1269)
TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPPING
The data acquired by the surveyors were plotted in site itself to check for gaps and errors in
survey works. The data was then brought to Kathmandu for final plotting and map preparation.
The topographical map was prepared in Auto CAD using SW DTM software. All the natural
and manmade features like houses, rivers, roads, tracks, kulo etc., were drawn and
appropriate symbols were used to show rivers, trees, boulders, cultivated fields, rock,
boulders, landslides etc. The map was prepared with a contour interval of 1m and major
contour at interval of every 5m. Major contours were annotated in appropriate places with
height values. Spot heights were also placed in appropriate places for further height
information. Further map information such as place names, river names, direction of flow of
rivers, way to places were placed on the map. Legends of the symbols were also prepared.
The Topographical Drawings are provided in volume - III.
HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
Collection of available Metrological and Hydrological Data
Precipitation Data
The precipitation on the basin is the most influencing factor to determine the average
precipitation and flood generation which directly linked with the annual mean stream flow.
The basic parameters are precipitation, relative humidity, air temperature and wind speed. The
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) is the sole responsibility in Nepal
responsible for establishing hydrological and meteorological data stations, as well as for
collection, collation and dissemination of these data. For case of the project also nearby
relevant precipitation data has been collected from DHM. Meteorological Station at
Gharedhunga is located within Chepe Khola basin nearly at the arial distance of 6 km towards
South from the proposed powerhouse site.
The nearest Station, Gharedhunga (Index no. 823) is shown in Table 3-7, which shows that the
monsoon precipitation (June to September) is 2943 mm which is almost double the annual
precipitation of 1493.24 mm. However, the annual and monsoon rainfall at the project’s basin
under consideration are obtained as 2776 mm and 2264 mm respectively (see Table 4-2 of
section 4.3 ) using Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method. The details of methodology
used are discussed in section 4.3 .
Table 3-4: Rainfall Station within Chepe Watershed
12
Annual Mansoon Record
Altitude
Index Location Latitude Longitude Precip. Precip. Length
(m)
(mm) (mm) (years)
823 Gharedhunga 1120 28.20 84.62 2943 2413 20
Stream Flow Data
Water availability assessments of run-of-river scheme hydropower projects are made on the
basis of long term hydrology of the proposed area. The long term hydrology depends on
climate, topography and geology of the area. Since the project basin area does not have gauging
station, long term data have to be derived from the station Garam Besi (Station No. 440) which
is about 30 km (arial) downstream of the project area. The data from station at Melamchi river,
Helambu (Station No. 627.5) is also used as reference station due to similar physiographical,
hydrological and meteorological characteristics to some extent. Few discharges measurement
have been done in Chepe Khola in dry season. The details of measured discharge is as follows:
Table 3-5: Discharge Measurement at Chepe

Flow Area Discharge at station Discharge at intake
Date Mean velocity (m/s)
(m2) (m3/s) (m3/s)
11-Nov-2017 3.76 0.355 1.332 1.132
31-Jan-2018 2.73 0.504 1.374 1.168
7-Mar-2018 2.92 0.592 1.731 1.471
It is to be noted that the discharge measurements were carried out within the project area
upstream of the proposed powerhouse site due to the lack of suitable site for discharge
measurement near intake area. Hence, the measurement data have been correlated and
transformed for the estimation of the discharge at proposed intake site.
FINDINGS AND REMARKS
The survey work was carried out and completed with required detail points covering all project
area. Following are some of the remarks found on site while conducting survey and
investigation work.
 The project is mainly steep cliffs so reflector-less methods were used for survey in
such areas.
 The topographical survey works was completed in about a time period of 40 days
Hydrological Investigation.
 Further layout survey should be carried out before detail design phase based on the
intersection points (IPs) established during feasibility study for accuracy and
necessary field adjustment before detailed design.
 Company should purchase/lease the private and Government land required as soon as
possible after finalization of connection agreement and PPA for project
implementation.
 The transmission line route and length estimation has been prepared based on walk
over site visits of the area and available topographic map. There is need to carry out
13
the detail route survey once the Connection Agreement with the NEA will be
finalized.
There is requirement of further geotechnical investigations and tests to be completed before

detailed design.
14
HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES
GENERAL
Chepe Khola is one of the tributaries of Marshyangdi River. The headwater of Chepe Khola
originates from its numerous streams with discharge being contributed by both rainfall and
snowfall. The catchment area of Chepe area reaches up to the elevation of about 4,890 m at
Simke Dada. The main streams of Chepe Khola originate from Simke Dada, Neware Dada and
Kerre Dada. The catchment area of Chepe Khola at the project’s main intake is covered by
dense forest, range land and few snow cover. The study of available maps and aerial
photographs indicate no sign of the remarkable glaciers that would pose threat as the GLOF.
The main intake of the project is located at a river bed elevation of 2760 m (proposed weir crest
level: 2762.30 m) with catchment area of 21.2 sq. km. and the project also utilizes the water
from other three additional streams, two of which are situated across the headrace pipe
alignment at the chainages around 0+850 m and 1+050 m and one at the upsteam of the stream
located near 0+170 m of penstock pipe alignment.. The contribution from the catchment areas
of the streams will make the project’s total catchment area to be 27.64 sq. km. Intake structures
shall be constructed to divert the required flow from the streams and merge the additional
discharge to the waterway.
This chapter deals with the following aspects of hydrologic and hydraulic studies carried out
as part of this Feasibility Study:
 The characteristics of the Chepe Khola;
 The Physiography of the drainage basin;
 The meteorology and hydrometric stations located in the basin.
 Acquisition, processing and validation of hydrologic and meteorological data;
 Precipitation analysis;
 Long-term river flows;
 Flood analysis;
 Low flow analysis;
 Compensation flow
A summary of the findings of the following studies is included in this chapter of the report,
whereas the processed data and other relevant details are presented in Appendix A of this
Report.
CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Chepe Khola is a perennial type river and is one of the major tributaries of Marshyangdi River.
The head water area of the river is characterized by medium to highly rugged topographic relief
15
Hydrological Study Report
with sharp crested ridges, medium to steep slope and narrow river valleys. Chepe Khola flows
from North to South with occasional river bends along the project area. River terraces, medium
to steeply sloping river valleys, rock cliffs, saddle and alluvial fans are the major
geomorphologic elements of the area. The river basin contributes the flow whole year to the
Marshyangdi River which merges with Trisuli River and ultimately to Narayani River.
The project’s main intake contributes about 97.63% of total water and is located at river bed
elevation of 2760 m amsl. Its catchment area is about 21.2 km2 out of which 96.8% lies above
the elevation 3000 m amsl. This is the distinct feature of the catchment that it contributes
perennial flow throughout the year and that it does not only depend upon the amount of rainfall
only. The headworks area of the project lies at an elevation of 2760 m amsl having maximum
elevation of about 4890 m amsl (see Figure 4-2). Additional discharge from three streams
located within and across the headrace pipe alignment will also be utilized to generate power.
Hence, the project will have the discharge contributed from the total catchment area of about
27.64 km2. Powerhouse area is located at an elevation around 1880 m amsl (turbine centerline
level), about 3.5 km downstream of the headworks area. It is characterized by relatively flat
terrain and wide flow path with rock exposure at the edges which are suitable for construction
of powerhouse and allocation of the switchyard area.
Figure 4-1: Google Earth Map showing project catchment area and layout
16
Figure 4-2: Catchment area of Doodhpokhari Chepe HP for intake sites
The project area mostly lies in steep rocky terrain having no significant sign of instabilities.
However, during site visit, a landslide active zone has been identified at the downsteam left
hillside of the headworks. Previous studies on existence of glaciers and glacier lakes in Nepal
(WECS, 1993) have shown that glacial lakes are not present in drainage basin of the Chepe
Khola. The catchment area map of the Chepe khola basin above the proposed main intake site
is shown in Figure 4-2. The entire Chepe basin is elongated leaf shaped with dendritic drainage
pattern. The shape of the basin up to the proposed intake site is roughly palm shaped with
approximate length 5.2 km and average width 4.5 km.
17
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
4.1.1 Basin Rainfall
The Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) is the sole authority in Nepal
responsible for establishing hydrological and meteorological data stations, as well as for
collection, collation and dissemination of these data. Most of the rain gauge stations are
equipped with a manual rain gauge and the readings are taken every 24 hours by a gauge reader
appointed by DHM. These manually recorded data are collected at regular interval and entered
in the central database, processed and distributed to the users on request. Rainfall stations in
and around Chepe basin considered for precipitation assessment of the project are listed in
Table 4-1 below.
Table 4-1: Meteorological information of reference stations

Annual Mansoon
Altitude Record Length
Index Location Latitude Longitude Precip. Precip.
(m) (years)
(mm) (mm)
801 Jagar Setibas 1334 28.37 84.90 1180 844 39
802 Khudi Bazar 823 28.28 84.37 3295 2719 39
807 Kunchha 855 28.13 84.35 2489 1926 40
823 Gharedhunga 1120 28.20 84.62 2943 2413 20
1002 Arughat 518 28.05 84.82 2639 2191 38
Meteorological Station at Gharedhunga is located within Chepe Khola basin nearly at the arial
distance of 6 km towards South from the proposed powerhouse site. Inverse Distance
Weightage (IDW) method has been applied for the computation of annual and monsoon rainfall
at the centroid of the project’s catchment area. Using IDW method, the annual and monsoon
rainfall are obtained as 2776 mm and 2264 mm respectively (see Table 4-2).
Table 4-2: Computation of annual and monsoon precipitation at the centroid of the catchment
area under consideration
Precipitation (mm) Distance, Weightage Annual, Monsoon,
di Station 1/di2
Annual,P Monsoon,P' km % Pi /di2 P'i /di2
1 Kunchha 2489 1926 34.2 0.0009 7.3% 2.13 1.65
2 Gharedhunga 2943 2413 11.9 0.0071 60.7% 20.78 17.04
Arughat
3 1180 844 33.4 0.0009 7.7% 1.06 0.76
Bazzar
Khudi
4 3295 2719 27.3 0.0013 11.5% 4.42 3.65
Bazzar
5 Jagat Setibas 2639 2191 26 0.0015 12.7% 3.90 3.24
Σ 0.0116 100% 32.29 26.33
Total Precipitation at Centroid = 2776 mm 2263 mm
4.1.2 Reference Hydrology and Stream
The discharge for the power generation in Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is
contributed by the total catchment area of 27.64 km2, out of which 26.76 km2 (i.e. 96.8%) area
lies above elevation 3000 m amsl. The long term flow measurement data at the proposed
headworks site is not available. However, long term daily discharge data (1964 to 2014 with
some years missing) are available at Garam Besi, (DHM station number 440), which is situated
18
approximately 30 kilometres downstream from the proposed headwork. In addition to this, for
comparing the stream flow pattern, the other gauging station i.e. Helambu (Station no 627.5)
at Melamchi River having the daily discharge data (1990 to 2008 with some years’ data
missing) is also used for the confirmation of the discharge at Chepe Khola. The catchment
characteristics of Melamchi at Helambu station is similar to that of the Chepe Khola basin at
the proposed intake sites. Reference hydrology for the Project has, therefore, been derived from
these gauging stations on catchment area prorated basis. Besides CAR method, the other
methods like WECS-Hydest, DHM 2004, MIP and MHSP have also been used to analyse long
term flow data. The results from the hydrological analyses from those methods have also been
presented in the following sections.
MEAN MONTHLY FLOW HYDROGRAPH
Hydest Method
For computation of the mean monthly flows from Hydest, the catchment areas obtained from
GIS have been used. Similarly, Monsoon wetness index (MWI) is taken as 2000 mm based on
isohyedal map or MWI isolines. The result thus obtained is tabulated below in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3: Mean monthly flows obtained from Hydest method at Chepe intakes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Q (m3/s) 0.38 0.32 0.28 0.26 0.33 1.38 4.27 5.28 4.13 1.8 0.83 0.55
DHM_2004 Method
This is the method generated by Department of Hydrology and Meteorology of Nepal. This
method, commonly used in the context of Nepal, is based on basin characteristics and
catchment area. Table 4-4 shows the long term mean monthly flow data obtained from
DHM_2004.
Table 4-4: Mean monthly flows computed from DHM_2004 method
3
Q (m /s) 0.14 0.13 0.74 0.53 0.51 0.42 0.82 1.22 0.77 0.44 0.25 0.17
MIP Method
For the computation of mean monthly flow from Medium Irrigation Project (MIP) method,
discharge from the proposed section of river during dry period is required. The developer has
already taken three direct discharge measurement data on 1st November 2017, 31st Decemver
2017 and 7th March 2018. The direct measurement of discharge, measured on these dates were
taken and April flows are estimated from all these the measurements. The following table
(Table 4-5) provides information about the date of measurement of discharges and
corresponding mean monthly dicharges result.
19
Table 4-5: Mean monthly flows obtained from MIP method at the proposed intake
Month
Date
May
Mar
Aug
Apr
Nov
Jun
Feb
Dec
Oct
Jan
Sep
Jul
11th
Q
0.75 0.56 0.41 0.31 0.81 1.88 4.53 7.82 5.16 2.50 1.28 0.97 Nov,
(m3/s)
2017
31st
Q
1.35 1.01 0.73 0.56 1.47 3.38 8.17 14.09 9.30 4.51 2.31 1.75 Jan,
(m3/s)
2018
7th
Q
2.47 1.85 1.34 1.03 2.68 6.18 14.94 25.76 17.00 8.24 4.22 3.19 Mar,
(m3/s)
2018
MHSP Method
This approach uses both monsoon wetness index and average precipitation of the area along
with catchment area of the river. The method was developed by Medium Hydropower Study
Project under NEA in 1997 to predict long-term flows, flood flows and flow duration curves at
ungauged location through regression analysis technique for which daily flows, maximum and
minimum instantaneous flow of 66 hydrometric stations are used, which can be obtained from
DHM. Using this method, the analysis shows the mean monthly flows at proposed intake sites
as given below (Table 4-6).
Table 4-6: Mean monthly flow using MHSP Method
Q (m3/s) 0.55 0.44 0.39 0.43 0.48 1.69 5.39 6.53 5.21 2.51 1.20 0.76
Catchment Area Ratio (CAR)
As discussed earlier, the intake area of the project contains no gauging station. Hence, CAR
method has been used to correlate the flow from the station at the same basin (Garam Besi,
Station no. 440) and from the station with similar basin characteristics (Helambu, Melamchi
river basin, Station no. 627.5) The catchment area of Chepe Khola at Garam Besi given in
‘DHM publications, 2008’ is 308 km2 and that of Melamchi River at Helambu is 84 km2. The
ratio of catchment area at different locations with respect to that of Garam Besi are presented
in Table 4-7. It shows the catchment area at the proposed intake site, powerhouse site of project
and at the stream gauging stations. The catchment area, as obtained from ArcGIS, has been
considered in the study. The final catchment area based on above analysis is found to be 27.64
km2 for intake sites and 44.5 km2 for powerhouse site.
Table 4-7: Percentage Contribution of Catchment area based on elevation ranges

Area (km2)
Area (km2) Area (km2) Records
Description 3000 m to 5000 Total (km2)
<3000m >5000 m (From-To)
m
Main Intake 2.37% 97.63% 0.00% 21.18
Intake-2 0.37% 96.80% 0.00% 2.48
Intake-3 0.64% 62.43% 0.00% 0.36
20
Intake-4 0.75% 95.62% 0.00% 3.62
Powerhouse site 27.39% 72.61% 0.00% 44.50
Garam Besi 308.00 1964-2014*
Helambu 84.00 1990-2008*
Table 4-8: Catchment Areas & CAR at different locations with respect to Garam Besi
Catchment Area Ratio
Catchment Area
Location (with respect to Garam
(km2)
Besi)
Garam Besi (Station 440) 308.00 1.00
Helambu (Station 627.5) 84.00 0.27
Doodhpokhari Chepe Intakes 27.64 0.09
Powerhouse site 44.50 0.15
In the region at higher altitude, the contribution of snowfall is more than the low rainfall during
dry season. Hence, the long term flow during dry season is expected higher side than that
obtained from direct catchment area correlation with Garam Besi only. The catchment
characteristics of Helambu mostly resembles with that of the catchment area at the intake sites.
Hence, certain weightage from the correlation with Helambu station has also been taken to
evaluate the long term flow at the intake sites. Weighage factor of 0.75 and 0.25 respectively
for Garam Besi and Helambu have been used to evaluate the weighted mean monthly flow
from CAR method. The results are tabulated in Table 4-9Table 4-6 and also presented in Figure
4-3.
Table 4-9: Mean Monthly flow for Chepe intakes in correlation with Gauging Stations
Weightage factor taken for Garam Besi correlation = 0.75
Weightage factor taken for Helambu correlation = 0.25
Discharge of Chepe Discharge of Chepe
Discharge of Chepe
Month intakes (Correlation with intakes (Correlation
intakes (Weighted)
Garam Besi) (m3/s) with Helambu) (m3/s)
Jan 0.52 1.12 0.67

Feb 0.44 0.97 0.57
Mar 0.40 1.01 0.55
Apr 0.41 1.17 0.60
May 0.58 1.76 0.87
Jun 1.88 4.74 2.60
Jul 6.13 9.54 6.99
Aug 6.99 10.85 7.95
Sept 5.17 8.71 6.05
oct 2.31 4.50 2.86
Nov 1.10 2.55 1.47
Dec 0.69 1.58 0.91
Annual
2.22 4.04 2.67
Average
21

CAR Garambesi CAR Melamchi Weighted Average
12.00
10.00
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MONTH
Figure 4-3: Mean monthly flow hydrograph for Chepe intake
FLOW DURATION CURVES
The flow duration curves for the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Projects have been
estimated using various aforementioned methods. The flow duration values obtained from
CAR have been tabulated in Table 4-10 and graphs are presented in Figure 4-4 below.
Table 4-10: Discharge and percentage of exceedence of flow

%Exceedence CAR Garambesi CAR Melamchi Weighted Average
0 82.48 94.77 85.55
5 7.74 11.19 8.60
10 6.13 9.18 6.89
15 5.02 7.71 5.69
20 4.05 6.45 4.65
25 3.11 5.40 3.68
30 2.16 4.41 2.72
35 1.6 3.49 2.07
40 1.2 2.75 1.59
45 0.93 2.23 1.26
50 0.78 1.88 1.05
55 0.67 1.63 0.91
60 0.59 1.42 0.80
65 0.54 1.28 0.73
70 0.49 1.15 0.66
75 0.46 1.05 0.61
22
%Exceedence CAR Garambesi CAR Melamchi Weighted Average
80 0.43 0.94 0.56
85 0.39 0.85 0.51
90 0.36 0.71 0.45
95 0.32 0.52 0.37
100 0.00 0.15 0.04
FLOW DURATION CURVE

CAR Garambesi CAR Melamchi Weighted Average
12
10
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
PECENTAGE OF EXCEEDENCE
Figure 4-4: Flow duration curve obtained from CAR method
RECOMMENDED MEAN MONTHLY FLOW AND FLOW DURATION CURVE
Due to the lack of long term mean monthly flow data at the intake sites of the project, mean
monthly flow hydrographs and flow duration curves are obtained from various methods and
separately analysed as discussed above in section 4.4 . Each of the hydrographs show same
pattern respectively showing the highest flow contribution during the month August and
similarly the lowest flow contribution in the month March. Despite of the similar representation
of the mean monthly flow, each of the hydrographs have different values from each other.
Figure 4-5 helps to compare the flow hydrographs obtained from the various methods. The
comparative values are tabulated in Table 4-11.
Table 4-11: Comparision of mean monthly flow obtained from various methods
Flow m3/s
Month
Hydest DHM_2004 CAR Garam Besi CAR Melamchi MIP MHSP
Jan 0.38 0.14 0.52 1.12 1.35 0.55
Feb 0.32 0.13 0.44 0.97 1.01 0.44
23
Flow m3/s
Month
Hydest DHM_2004 CAR Garam Besi CAR Melamchi MIP MHSP
Mar 0.28 0.74 0.40 1.01 0.73 0.39
Apr 0.26 0.53 0.41 1.17 0.56 0.43
May 0.33 0.51 0.58 1.76 1.47 0.48
Jun 1.38 0.42 1.88 4.74 3.38 1.68
Jul 4.27 0.82 6.13 9.54 8.17 5.36
Aug 5.28 1.22 6.99 10.85 14.09 6.49
Sep 4.13 0.77 5.17 8.71 9.30 5.19
Oct 1.80 0.44 2.31 `4.50 4.51 2.50
Nov 0.83 0.25 1.10 2.55 2.31 1.19
Dec 0.55 0.17 0.69 1.58 1.75 0.75
CO MPA RI SI O N O F MEA N MO NT HLY FLOW HYDRO G RA PHS

Hydest DHM_2004 CAR Garam Besi CAR Melamchi
MIP MHSP Weighted CAR
16.00
14.00
12.00
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MONTH
Figure 4-5: Comparision of mean monthly flow hydrographs obtained from various methods.
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project uses the water energy from the sources originating
from the elevation between 2760 m to 4890 m indicating almost 97% of the basin area lies
above the elevation 3000 m.There are many factors effecting long term flow such as the
catchment area, altitude ranges, climate, metreorology, rainfall and snowfall characteristics,
etc. From the previous studies and experiences from the hydrological analyses, it has been
found that the flow ratio increases with increase in altitude and it is likely to presume that
catchment area ratio is not the only factor to correlate the flow capacity from gauged station to
the required station i.e. intake sites. The reason behind this is that, in the region at higher
altitude, the contribution of snowfall is more than the low rainfall during dry season. Hence,
the long term flow during dry season is expected higher side than that obtained from direct
catchment area correlation with Garam Besi only. The catchment characteristics of Helambu
typically resembles with that of the catchment area at the intake sites. Hence, certain weightage
from the correlation with Helambu station has also been taken to evaluate the long term flow
24
at the intake sites. Based on the expert’s opinion, the weightage factors of 0.75 and 0.25 have
been taken for Garam Besi and Helambu respectively. This will account for the increased flow
ratio by the result thus obtained has been taken as the result from CAR method.
4.1.3 Recommendation
As explained earlier, HYDEST, MHSP, MIP, DHM 2004 and Catchment Area Correlation
methods have been used to assess the long term mean monthly flow. The comparative mean
monthly flow obtained from various methods are presented in Figure 4-5. It has been found
that the flow hydrographs obtained from HYDEST, MHSP and CAR (weighted) have close
resemblance with each other while DHM 2004 significantly shows the hydrograph toward
lower side. The MIP method could have been a reliable method for the assessment of project
hydrology as it uses direct flow measurement in dry season. But, in contrast, it has shown the
result in much higher side. It would be a higher risk for developer to adopt MIP method since
the flow hydrograph obtained from this method is highly deviated from those obtained from
other relevant methods. As the catchment area is comparatively less (i.e. less than 100 km2)
and also in a higher altitude, it is not recommended to use Hydest method. Hence, the weighted
flow hydrograph, obtained from CAR method using reference stations at Garam Besi and
Helambu, is finally obtained as the design long term mean monthly flow hydrograph. Similarly,
same method is used to obtain design flow duration curve which depicts design discharge of
1.26 m3/s that corresponds to 45 percentage exceedence of flow.
The recommended mean monthly flow and percentage of exceedence of flow values i.e.
obtained from weighted CAR method are presented in following tables and plotted graphically
in Figure 4-6.
Table 4-12: Adopted long term mean monthly flow
Q (m3/s) 0.67 0.67 0.55 0.60 0.87 2.60 6.99 7.95 6.05 2.86 1.47 0.91
Table 4-13: Adopted flow values with respective percentage of exceedence of flow.
% exceedence 5 10 20 30 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 95
Q (m3/s) 8.60 6.89 4.65 2.72 1.59 1.26 1.05 0.80 0.66 0.56 0.45 0.37
25

Adopted flow hydrograph
10.00
8.00
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MONTH
Figure 4-6: Adopted long term mean monthly flow hydrograph with min. flow of 0.55 cumecs
FLOW DURATION CURVE

Adopted flow duration curve
10.00
8.00
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)
6.00
4.00
2.00 1.26
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
PECENTAGE OF EXCEEDENCE
Figure 4-7: Adopted flow duration curve showing Q45% = 1.26 m3/s.
DESIGN FLOW
The descriptive statistics of long term daily flow and long term mean monthly flows at intake
sites including some key flow quantiles obtained from Garam Besi and Helambu data on area
prorated basis are presented in Table 4-14 and Table 4-15 respectively.
26
These are based on the daily flow data of Garam Besi from 1964 to 2014 and that of Helambu
from 1990 to 2008 obtained from DHM in electronic format. The run-of-river projects in
Nepalese rivers subject to large temporal variation of flow. Therefore, the major decision to be
made is the value of design discharge to be adopted as all other parameters will depend on this.
While determining the Q45% value for Chepe intakes, correlation with the Garam Besi and
Helambu gauge stations are used. After comparing the catchment characteristics of the Chepe
Khola intake basin with the reference basins, 75% and 25% weightage respectively for Garam
Besi and Helambu have been provided to determine the flow duration curve required for the
project. These factors are same used to determine the design mean monthly flow hydrograph.
Hence, design discharge for 45% exceedence of flow came out to be 1.26 m3/s and this value
will be used in further hydraulic analysis of the project.
27
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
28
Table 4-14: Long-term Mean Monthly Flows at Garam Besi
Annual
YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Average
1964 5.66 3.90 3.07 3.24 3.85 11.59 47.51 78.84 159.00 52.68 12.17 6.58 32.34
1965 4.21 3.36 3.35 4.36 2.94 33.67 94.79 129.05 79.39 42.20 17.15 7.69 35.18
1966 5.79 4.84 4.35 3.74 2.92 8.35 133.94 90.38 83.57 50.13 29.55 16.34 36.16
1967 6.02 4.17 4.06 5.09 6.48 10.32 69.47 64.61 41.00 16.70 9.47 7.74 20.43
1968 5.96 4.67 4.67 4.85 4.88 21.14 54.32 53.66 40.39 32.98 12.22 7.56 20.61
1969 5.75 4.46 4.49 3.89 4.71 9.21 41.30 64.61 53.13 22.52 9.87 6.43 19.20
1970 4.86 4.43 3.72 3.43 3.49 17.73 65.10 75.79 44.51 26.04 10.92 6.67 22.22
1971 4.96 3.99 3.76 6.23 6.63 56.11 70.32 73.84 53.31 34.81 16.18 8.04 28.18
1972 5.45 4.83 3.85 3.71 3.71 14.39 64.41 59.10 50.66 21.19 11.77 6.70 20.81
1973 6.12 5.19 5.12 4.45 6.94 41.67 47.09 71.77 58.71 46.27 16.79 8.52 26.55
1974 6.11 4.55 3.70 4.29 4.87 15.65 77.05 79.86 48.98 22.23 11.82 8.26 23.95
1975 6.48 5.96 4.97 4.61 5.14 23.15 67.96 52.30 73.13 25.28 10.58 5.97 23.79
1976 4.23 3.60 2.64 2.82 5.34 35.71 50.83 76.28 46.96 16.95 8.85 5.74 21.66
1977 4.56 3.72 3.37 5.16 10.37 11.86 50.99 84.05 42.64 19.78 12.25 7.86 21.38
1978 6.08 5.10 5.34 5.54 8.53 19.88 61.26 71.91 44.61 22.27 10.82 7.05 22.37
1979 4.90 4.41 3.30 3.61 5.32 9.03 51.22 73.27 43.97 22.24 12.64 8.91 20.23
1980 6.64 5.61 6.14 5.15 5.67 15.18 57.86 63.95 47.18 20.06 10.37 7.87 20.97
1981 6.47 5.45 4.27 5.78 6.74 11.45 45.02 58.97 35.60 16.12 9.26 5.64 17.56
1982 4.20 4.27 5.42 5.54 5.63 11.68 56.24 55.50 46.54 18.70 9.67 7.14 19.21
1983 5.85 4.94 4.55 4.64 8.16 8.16 31.90 55.30 57.94 28.14 12.42 7.37 19.11
1984 5.43 4.07 3.24 3.11 4.93 17.37 70.56 54.47 64.59 20.85 12.00 7.76 22.37
29
Annual
Average
1985 5.71 4.65 3.88 3.95 5.11 11.30 58.58 48.94 46.17 28.77 13.43 8.95 19.95
1986 6.21 4.50 4.35 5.06 5.33 17.13 53.22 65.87 69.70 30.73 14.35 9.70 23.85
1987 7.24 5.86 6.07 6.79 7.53 17.56 102.69 148.23 36.31 18.76 11.48 7.65 31.35
1988 5.29 3.93 3.78 3.39 5.16 18.05 72.81 112.53 52.43 17.26 10.33 7.94 26.08
1989 7.34 5.74 5.11 4.76 10.15 26.47 65.57 91.23 52.96 23.00 12.11 8.31 26.06
1990 6.27 5.70 6.18 6.79 10.24 25.60 61.58 63.09 53.80 22.06 11.45 7.43 23.35
1991 6.11 4.73 4.53 4.87 5.82 15.28 36.49 66.59 59.71 18.07 9.54 6.52 19.85
1992 5.16 4.57 3.50 2.75 4.25 10.55 24.98 67.75 46.24 21.36 11.22 7.40 17.48
1993 5.56 4.51 4.19 4.27 5.56 10.72 41.90 92.30 58.91 25.49 12.43 7.12 22.75
1994 5.79 7.60 5.78 6.24 22.78 49.09 73.76 53.83 20.81 8.80 7.13 23.78
1995 5.66 4.67 4.56 4.12 10.32 62.39 93.17 66.41 35.02 22.80 13.51 7.98 27.55
1996 6.78 5.96 5.45 4.76 5.23 19.31 76.24 101.69 71.76 31.25 12.52 7.07 29.00
1997 5.40 4.14 4.48 5.51 5.14 12.40 46.76 54.53 38.79 19.57 11.24 8.82 18.06
1998 6.23 5.04 5.93 5.96 8.38 19.06 89.12 126.97 65.54 28.38 12.64 7.80 31.75
1999 4.73 5.61 4.44 3.99 6.42 27.77 63.71 62.40 45.86 22.68 8.71 4.38 21.72
2000 5.84 5.50 4.87 5.05 10.13 53.97 90.50 101.17 78.87 23.49 12.17 7.67 33.27
2001 5.82 4.65 3.29 3.64 13.53 35.13 70.32 96.20 73.68 28.24 13.44 7.40 29.61
2002 6.23 4.12 3.89 4.24 9.26 29.94 127.51 102.19 52.06 28.93 15.96 10.66 32.92
2003 8.35 7.08 7.85 7.75 7.77 18.23 213.54 95.39 76.75 36.58 13.60 7.42 41.69
2004 8.80 7.02 4.41 6.11 14.00 31.91 85.87 79.28 66.60 37.88 17.78 10.74 30.87
2005 8.55 6.50 5.18 4.38 5.79 7.17 50.48 65.57 40.04 19.26 11.96 6.74 19.30
2006 4.81 4.06 3.04 4.10 7.62 21.11 53.12 62.70 53.09 19.96 12.17 6.83 21.05
2007 4.16 4.68 3.91 4.04 5.04 20.54 43.30 73.27 68.90 26.46 11.57 7.55 22.78
2008 5.79 4.44 3.54 3.93 5.76 26.84 53.95 122.55 44.62 15.91 9.11 6.38 25.24
2009 4.31 3.53 2.97 4.34 4.71 5.83 25.36 59.60 36.17 22.57 8.03 5.76 15.26
2010 5.06 4.95 3.42 4.07 5.20 21.82 120.50 94.90 84.48 25.90 11.50 6.43 32.35
30
Annual
Average
2011 5.69 4.94 4.23 2.95 6.51 18.96 91.00 84.26 65.75 35.35 16.18 10.13 28.83
2012 7.07 5.43 4.34 5.43 5.31 22.90 79.11 79.02 72.92 16.29 8.32 5.12 25.94
2013 4.15 4.71 4.26 3.56 4.94 26.55 80.20 70.08 35.85 22.02 11.82 8.05 23.02
2014 5.92 5.07 4.67 3.73 4.01 7.28 46.16 85.93 54.31 20.22 9.80 5.41 21.04
Annual
5.80 4.84 4.42 4.57 6.43 20.94 68.16 78.47 57.00 25.65 12.23 7.61 24.68
Average
Table 4-15: Long-term Mean Monthly Flows at Helambu

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Annual Average
1990 3.93 3.54 3.37 3.04 4.11 10.87 38.51 39.81 32.40 21.97 8.06 4.35 14.50
1991 3.32 2.87 2.82 2.77 3.88 8.11 21.10 28.33 22.52 9.13 5.81 4.27 9.58
1992 3.59 3.18 2.92 2.77 3.22 5.50 12.82 26.06 19.34 10.53 6.75 4.79 8.46
1993 3.49 3.01 2.64 3.24 5.12 8.79 19.16 26.87 20.68 10.43 5.14 3.33 9.32
1994 2.76 2.33 1.76 1.61 2.15 9.62 17.30 26.00 19.95 10.23 6.60 4.41 8.73
1995 3.11 2.89 3.09 4.65 9.80 17.28 25.95 28.23 19.37 10.27 11.03 4.75 11.70
1996 2.67 2.36 1.89 2.07 3.87 9.86 19.20 26.36 19.58 8.55 4.01 2.12 8.55
1998 1.44 0.78 0.77 1.73 3.99 13.08 36.76 36.81 23.25 14.73 8.50 4.95 12.23
1999 2.80 2.12 2.22 2.33 4.24 11.77 20.28 23.38 18.33 12.94 5.94 4.34 9.22
2000 1.66 1.18 0.76 3.69 14.90 47.26 114.55 121.79 102.15 23.98 8.29 4.03 37.02
2001 1.96 1.53 1.34 1.54 2.67 9.50 18.34 28.32 26.31 14.66 10.57 7.15 10.32
2002 4.31 3.24 3.03 4.12 6.53 12.13 27.23 33.25 26.74 20.35 12.01 6.57 13.29
2003 4.23 3.01 6.19 5.79 5.23 11.90 29.62 32.57 28.27 16.97 8.47 5.40 13.14
2004 3.72 2.93 3.84 4.43 6.15 14.42 28.48 32.61 27.23 14.30 9.26 5.81 12.77
31
2005 4.85 4.55 3.83 4.38 5.81 8.90 31.21 30.56 21.60 13.24 7.89 4.82 11.80
2006 4.06 3.61 3.88 4.18 3.74 10.02 21.67 10.80 10.05 6.72 4.43 2.51 7.14
2007 4.73 5.09 5.16 5.28 5.87 10.81 14.84 17.71 13.68 9.97 7.08 5.04 8.77
2008 3.70 3.51 3.56 3.60 4.09 12.68 10.82 12.19 9.88 8.61 6.53 5.59 7.06
Average 3.35 2.87 2.95 3.40 5.30 12.92 28.21 32.31 25.63 13.20 7.58 4.68 11.87
32
FLOOD HYDROLOGY
The flood frequency analyses were carried out using the annual instantaneous maximum flood
data or the annual maximum (AM) series of Garam Basi gauging station. The data for this
station are available from year 1964 to 2006. These data are based on the year book published
by DHM (DHM, 2009). These data are given in Table 4-16 below.
Table 4-16: Instantaneous Maximum Flood at Garam Besi (Stn. 440)

Year Discharge (m3/s) Gauge (Ht)
1964 218 3.00
1965 220 3.01
1966 508 4.50
1967 556 4.70
1968 118 2.30
1969 250 3.20
1970 300 3.50
1971 266 3.30
1972 370 3.85
1973 223 3.02
1974 420 4.10
1975 443 3.50
1976 714 4.12
1977 316 3.13
1978 335 3.19
1979 304 3.09
1980 155 2.50
1981 161 2.53
1982 206 2.73
1983 319 3.14
1984 176 2.60
1985 140 2.42
1986 199 2.70
1987 918 4.50
1988 292 3.05
1989 236 2.85
1990 199 2.70
1991 249 2.90
1992 443 3.50
1993 292 3.05
1994 176 2.60
1995 322 3.15
1996 271 2.98
1997 199 2.70
1998 338 3.20
1999 263 2.95
2000 292 3.05
2001 223 2.80
2002 609 3.90
2003 977 4.60
2004 250 2.95
2005 294 3.10
2006 250 2.95
33
Frequency analysis of the above data was carried out fitting a number of distributions such as
Log-Normal, Log-Pearson type III (LP3) and Gumbel distribution. The best fit distribution is
selected based on visual fit of the observed and predicted data and best practices in this regard.
The results of the analysis are presented in Table 4-17 and graphically in Figure 4-8.
Table 4-17: Flood Frequency Analysis

Return Years Gumbel Log Pearson III Log Normal
2 26.71 24.58 26.05
5 43.29 33.55 34.03
10 54.27 48.50 47.32
20 64.81 59.94 55.02
25 67.08 65.67 58.87
50 78.44 80.93 67.79
100 88.66 98.85 76.94
200 98.84 119.76 86.44
500 112.27 143.63 95.20
1000 122.42 183.42 109.80
Extreme Flood Distribution Summary

200.00
180.00
160.00
140.00
Discharge (m3/s)
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
1 10 100 1000
Return Period (Years)
Gumbel Log Pearson III Log Normal
Figure 4-8: Comparision of the results of Extreme flood distribution using various methods
(Gumbel distribution has been adopted for extreme flood analysis)
DESIGN FLOOD
It is noted that Gumbel distribution show nearly average value among LN, LP3 and Gumbel.
Hence, the flood frequencies from Gumbel distribution have been adopted for further hydraulic
analyses of the project components.
34
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL STUDY
INTRODUCTION
This report deals with the regional geology and geomorphology of the Chepe Khola
Hydroelectric project. The Proposed Hydroelectric project site is located at Olan, Gorakha
District and Western Nepal. During the field visit, geological study of the project sites, study
of proposed powerhouse, penstock alignment, surge shaft were carried out. Geologically the
proposed project area lies in the Higher Himalaya rocks of the western Nepal.
GEOMORPHOLOGY
The Chepe Khola is snow fed river . The watershed area of the Chepe Khola has varied
topography represented by steep land with mostly rocky terrain, narrow steep river valleys with
high gradient (Photo 1). In the study area river terraces, small floodplain and steep hill slope
are the major geomorphological features. The minimum and maximum elevation in the study
area is 1800 m and 2800 m .Overall drainage pattern of the study area is essentially dendritic .
Figure 5-1: Narrow steep slope of Chepe Khola observed at the vicinity headworks area
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The geological map of the study area has been prepared by Department of Mines and Geology
(DMG) in the scale of 1: 50, 000 (Fig. 1). The project area geologically lies in the Higher
Himalaya zone of western Nepal. The main lithology in the higher Himalaya is schist,
carbonate bands and gneiss. Around the project site area gneiss is observed. In the regional
geological scale the project area lies in the Himal group (Figure 1).
According to the DMG, Himal group consists of undifferentiated gneiss, schist , carbonate
band and quartzite. The project site consists of grey to dark grey, coarse grained kyanite and
35
garnet bearing gneiss with schist band and quartzite. The dip angle of the rock ranges from 15
to 30 and dipping towards North east near the proposed intake area.
Figure 1: Regional Geological map, source DMG, 2000
Figure 5-2: Regional geology of project area
GEOLOGY AROUND CHEPE HEADWORKS AREA
The geological traverse taken along the chepe river shows that the rocks exposed at initial
sections along chepe Khola are light grey coloured gneisses (Photo 2), at places outcrops of
Augen gneisses are also seen. The general foliations within the rock mass are dipping towards
NE with an amount of 15º-25º. The rocks are fresh to slightly weathered.
Figure 5-3: Gneiss observed near at Headworks area
36
SETTLING BASIN
The proposed settling basin lies in the colluvium in the slope of Chepe Khola . The settling
basin has slope (35˚-40˚) towards downstream. Colluvial boulders of gneiss falling from up
slope are scattered around the settling basin.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION ALONG PENSTOCK PIPE ALIGNMENT
The proposed penstock pipe passes through, colluvium deposits and bed rock of gneiss. The
Engineering geological map of the project area will be prepared to know the rock and soil type
present around the project area. The presented engineering geological map shows the general
rock, soil type and presence of major instabilities surrounding area of the project area.. The
proposed alignment crosses many seasonal gullies and two perennial rivers. The detail
Engineering geological map along penstock pipe alignment is presented in final report.
POWERHOUSE AREA
Figure 5-4: Alluvial deposits observed near Powerhouse area
Powerhouse is proposed to be built on left bank Chepe Khola at alluvium deposits (Photo-3).
The slope comprises boulder 60% and 40% fines (sand and gravels. The visual estimation of
sediments comprises of boulder 40% and 60% fines (sand and gravels (Photo 3).Near the
powerhouse area light grey to grey, fresh to slightly weathered, Gneiss can be observed.
37
CONCLUSIONS
Geologically, the Project area lies in the Gneiss of the Higher Himalaya, Western Nepal.
Structurally, the project site is located north of the MCT. Hard rock-Gneiss is observed the
purposed head works area. The present geological investigation revealed that the general
geological condition of the project area is considered to be good. No major instabilities are
observed except old landslide at the intake and settling basin area during the present study.
38
ALTERNATIVE STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION
ALTERNATIVE STUDY
The possible alternatives of the project considering different locations of different alignments
on both banks of the river valley have been considered to select the best layout and location.
The optimization study has been carried to select the best project configuration, which
produces the maximum benefit at the least cost. In Lamjung district, there is proposed 33 kV
transmission line and 33 kV sub-station which is about 20 km away from the proposed
powerhouse site. After optimizing the power and energy based on hydrology, topographical
features and structural components, the size of the project is optimized to 8.8 MW. So, the
discharge taken for the design purpose i.e Q45% is 1.26 cumecs utilizing the head as much as
possible within the coordinate boundary obtained for this project.
The following comparisions are the major criteria for the alternative study and optimization of
the project layout.
 Location of Headworks;
 Left or right side of the river valley;
 Headrace alignment canal, pipe or tunnel;
 Machine with bypass valve or Surge tank configuration
 Power evacuation facilities and interconnection voltage.
Location of Headworks and Powerhouse
The proposed suitable location of the headworks is near Kalapatal with the scheme of a
concrete weir, an undersluice, side intakes and a gravel trap followed by an approach headrace
pipe to a settling basin (desander) having dual basins. Although, the proposed location of the
weir is same for all the alternatives, one of the alternatives follows right bank of the Chepe
Khola while the rest of the alternatives follow left bank. Alternatives on both sides of the river
passes through medium to steep terrain and cliffs including forest and barren land with
numerous streams. However, the location of powerhouse for right bank alternative (i.e.
Alternative-2) is situated at about 650 m upstream or elevated 100 m above the proposed
location powerhouse of the left bank alternatives (i.e. Alternatives-1, -3 and -4). The tentative
elevation of the turbine centre level of right bank and left bank powerhouses are 2070 and
1880 respectively. The proposed alternatives are shown in google earth image in Figure 6-1
below.
39
Figure 6-1: Google Earth terrain image of the project area showing various possible
alternative layouts
40
Left or Right Side of the River Valley
Both the left and right bank of the river valley is associtated with steep terrain but left bank
hill slope is comparatively less steeper than that of the left bank hill. The right bank alternative
(Alternative-2) consists of about 3 km of waterway which is the shortest among all the
alternatives but due to the location of powerhouse, the energy and power would be much less
as compared to the other alternatives. The head to be used in the alternative-2 will be about
100 m less than that in the left bank alternatives. Moreover, the alternative-2 resides
comparatively stiff cliffs and rugged relief. It also consists of dense forest along the proposed
eadrace pipe alignment.
Left bank of the river has comparatively mild slope. The alignment length will be longer due
to associated topographical features. There is one landslide just downstream of the confluence
of a Kholsi and Chepe Khola having length of about 50 m. The landslide should be controlled
to accept the left bank alternatives. Nevertheless, the left bank alternatives will deliver more
energy and power than the right bank alternative because, as discussed earlier, the left bank
powerhouse is proposed with the head about 100 m higher than the right bank powerhouse.
Headrace Alignment: Canal or Pipe or Tunnel
The study of different alignments of pipe, tunnel and combination of tunnel and pipe have been
explored based upon geological, topographical and economic analysis of the feature. The
alternatives with tunnel have not been worked out in further detail due to the associated cost
and risk those cannot be bore by low scale project like this. Canal or culvert construction along
the entire headrace alignment will have construction difficulty and will also be associated with
risk near landslide hazard zones. Due to the lesser cost associated with the pipe alignment and
lesser risks incurred in pipe alignment, it is considered in the alternatives that the pipe
alignment would be best suited for the headrace alignments.
Machine with Bypass/Pressure Release Valve or Surge Shaft
The head and discharge of this project indicates Pelton type of Turbine is the best suitable.
There are only limited ways to control pressure surges on long penstock from sudden closure
in Turbine. It is not possible to close turbine slowly to limit the run-away speed for generator.
The bypass facility on turbine can also limit pressure surge on long penstock but the prudent
utility practice and PPA clearly states there is requirement of full islanding mode of operation
with black start facility.
In order to truly enable machine to operate in isolated mode, it is preferable to have surge tank
as close as possible from turbine especially providing fast load pickup for load regulation.
Although the machine with bypass valve can also be able to operate in islanding mode with
black start facility but the load regulation shall be limited likely to a very small capacity. The
system requires special machine design and an approval from utility with necessary
confirmation of machine performance from the manufacturer. In order to increase reliability,
a secondary bypass facility may be required to gain reliability and confidence for penstock
safety.
Considering all these technical conditions, the pipe surge tank system has been preferred for
this project.
41
Power Evacuation facilities & Interconnection Voltage
The interconnection point for the power evacuation of this project is at the 33 kV sub-station
at Kirtipur Sub-station, Lamjung, nearly 20 km away from the project.
Most of the concerns are decided with subjective judgments while some are further considered
with calculations and financial indicators to decide among the options available. The following
relevant reasons and facts need mention as these were found supportive for the decision making
on available options
42
OPTIONS FOR PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
The location of headwork site is same at the elevation of 2760 m for all the alternatives. The
possible alternative layouts of alignment for the proposed project are headrace pipe alignment
along the HGL line (both on the left bank and right bank of the river. All the options on the left
bank consider the same location of powerhouse site.
The summary of alternative layouts for the study are as follows:
 Alternative-1: It follows left bank of the Chepe khola with the possibility to include
additional discharges into headrace pipe from three major streams.
 Alternative-2: It follows right bank of the Chepe khola and passes through nearly
vertical cliffs and dense forest.
 Alternative-3: It follows left bank of the Chepe khola, similar to alternative-1 but with
relocation of the surge tank.
 Alternative-4: It runs along left bank of the Chepe khola with longest headrace pipe
alignment and steeper slope of penstock alignment.
Alternative-1:
The headworks will be located at river bed level of 2760 m with weir crest level 2762.30 m at
Chepe Khola. The Gravel Trap is proposed just after intake. It follows the right bank of the
river. Other structures like connecting headrace pipe, desander are surface structures and is
proposed at right bank of the river. There is enough space for the construction of desander and
the geology is favourable. Just after desander, it is proposed to construct the bridge with about
28m span for crossing the river which lead head race pipe along the right bank up to the surge
tank. In spite of rocky cliff, working along this alignment seem more comfortable than in other
alternative. Only few area of forest will be destroyed; very few social and environmental
problems are envisioned in this alignment during construction.
Alternative-2:
The headworks will be located at the same place as in above Alternative 1. Head water will be
diverted with the help of the weir and the side intake at the left bank will convey water towards
gravel trap. The waterway will continue downstream towards the settling basin via approach
headrace pipe which will be about 233 m long. The sediment free water will then be carried to
the powerhouse through 1668 m long headrace pipe and 3005 m long penstock pipe. Surge
tank is proposed at the intersection of the headrace pipe and the penstock pipe. This alternative
is comparatively more suitable than alternative-1 due to increased head and relatively less
forest density. But certain stretch of penstock alignment after the surge tank has to pass through
steep cliff and complex topography.
Alternative-3:
The Alternative-3 is similar to Alternative-2 with an exception that the surge tank is shifted
about 500 m away from the proposed location of surge tank in alternative-2. The relocation of
surge tank will avoid steep cliff and complex topography incurred in alignment-2 and it will
43
Feasibility Study Report – Main Report (Volume - I)
also avoid the use of syphon structure in penstock pipe at the stream next to the surge tank in
alternative-2. In alternative-3, headrace pipe will have to cross the stream using simple crossing
structure. The location of powerhouse is same as in Alternative-2. Since, the gross head is same
both in Alternative-2 and Alternative-3, there will not be any significant difference in energy
and power. The total length of approach headrace pipe in Alternative-3 will be about 200 m
and that of headrace pipe will will be 2400 m. The penstock pipe will be about 3000 m long.
Alternative-4:
The alignment of Alternative-4 also runs along left bank of the Chepe Khola but with longest
headrace pipe i.e. about 5 km. The alignment follows the path similar to Alternative-2 and
Alternative-3 but it extends following the terrain which makes the headrace pipe to be the
longest among the alternatives being considered. With the extension of the headrace pipe
alignment, this alternative will demand at least two more stream crossing structures. But the
key feature of this alignment is that the penstock pipe (about 2 km long) follows the moderately
steep ridge and delivers the water into powerhouse.
ALTERNATIVES SELECTION
Due to the construction easiness and less expected social-environmental problems Alternative-
3 is chosen after the rigorous discussion with the Client and different experts. The risk factor
during construction regarding geology of the area, landslide etc. are less in Alternative-3. In
the Alternative-1, more environmental precaution should be taken because relatively more
number of trees have to be cut and the geology is very rigorous with the steep cliff along the
headrace pipe alignment. This will possibly create construction difficulty with increased
expenses. The capacity of Alternative-1 would also be less as compared to Alternative-3.
Alternative-2 is not selected because of the complex topography immediately after the surge
tank. It is also to be noted that the Alternative-3 has facility of merging the additional discharge
from the streams that come across its alignment. So, the intake discharge is more than that in
alternative-2. The Alternative-4 has longest waterway alignment for the same gross head as
compared to Alternative-3. Hence, with all the above arguments, Alternative-3 has been chosen
for the detailed study after rigorous discussion. The detailed final parameters for the selected
option are described in respective chapters. However, the selected alignment (Alternative-3) is
subjected to change, if the further geological and hydraulic analyses depict any potential threat
along and arround the selected alignment.
CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION
From the alternative study, it has been found that Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is
to be developed following the left bank of Chepe Khola with headrace alignment along the
hydraulic grade line (HGL) along with the consideration of the down-surge at surge tank. Due
to the power evacuation problem the size of the project is limited to 8.8 MW, same as the
license capacity of the project.
The selected Alternative - 3 at 1.26 m3/s of design discharge from Chepe Khola will have the
installed capacity of 8.8 MW having all the structural components from intake to powerhouse
on left bank.Further analysis and study will be based on this selected option i.e. Alternative –
3.
44
PROJECT DESCRIPTION & DESIGN CONCEPTS
PROJECT LAYOUT & DESIGN
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is optimized at an installed capacity of 8.8 MW

at design discharge of 1.26 m3/s as per the option with headworks at elevation 2760 m
following the alignment along left bank. The headworks site will be near Kalapatal.
Powerhouse will be at the right bank of Chepe Khola at Olan. This chapter describes the
layout and entire detail of project components which are planned for this project.
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project will be a run-of-river type of project. The

installed capacity of the proposed project will be 8.8 MW corresponding to the design
discharge of 1.26 m3/s taking the discharge from Chepe Khola. The major components of
the projects are concrete weir, undersluice, side intakes, gravel trap, desander, headrace
pipe, surge tank, penstock pipe, surface powerhouse, tailrace, outdoor switchyard, and 33
kV double circuit transmission line and interconnection facilities required for power
evacuation from the project. Infrastructure development works like access road and camp
facilities, construction power etc. are also provided adequately for the construction and
operation of the project.
45
Figure 7-1: General Arrangement of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project
A diversion weir and a side intake with two orifices are planned to divert required discharge
from the river followed by gravel trap to remove gravel from the discharge. The head water
then is conveyed to a desander via 233 m long approach conduit. The desander consists of
two basins with a flushing arrangement in each to remove fine particles. The headrace pipe
is of 1.0 m diameter and about 1672 m long that delevers water from the desander basins up
to 0.8 m diameter, m long penstock pipe. Surge Tank is located at the junction of headrace
pipe and penstock. Surge tank will be circular pipe having diameter 1.5 m and 85 m length.
There will be an outdoor switchyard near the powerhouse. The power from project shall be
transmitted to 33 kV Kirtipur sub-station, Lamjung. For this, 20 km long 33 kV double
circuit transmission line shall be constructed.
DESIGN CRITERIA
The project layout and design has been prepared considering the functional requirement of
the component with consideration of safety, economy, and easiness of construction and
46
operation of the project. For overall feasibility study “Guidelines for the Study of
Hydropower Projects” published by DoED, 2003 has been followed for this project.
Functional &Hydraulic Design Criteria
The hydraulic components like diversion weir, intakes, flushing sluice, gravel trap,
desanding basin and headrace pipe, surge tank, penstock pipe etc. are designed to convey
the required discharge for power generation. There is 10% extra discharge capacity
considered on each structure for safety.
The design discharge for the project is 1.26 m3/sec, but the design of the diversion weir and
side intake is capable to divert at least 20 % more than the design discharge which is required
to flush gravels and silt in desanding basin continuously to make sure that the required
discharge is free from sediment for power generation. The following criteria are adopted
while planning and designing the project components.
 The structure should be able to withdraw, convey and provide safe passage to the
discharge required.
 Structures should not be vulnerable to hazardous floods, i.e. free overflow should be
possible.
 All the bed load of the river must pass through the weir and water that is collected
in front of the intake to be cleared by the sluice.
 Floating debris must not cause blockage at the intake openings and there should be
alternate provision for inlet for design discharge.
 100 years return period flood to be considered to calculate height of the wing wall
and protection structures.
 The additional 20% flow in design discharge of the project is taken for gravel
flushing and desanding basin flushing.
 Sediment exclusion of more than 90% for 0.2 mm size of particles from the
desanding basin should be ensured as this is high head project. All suspended
sediment larger than 0.2 mm shall be flushed back to the river.
 Headrace pipe shall be hydraulically efficient and economically optimized.
 The head loss is a major concern, and thus the hydraulic parameters shall be checked
in design of water conveyance system to ensure a safe passage of design flow with
minimum head loss.
 Surge Shaft connected with a vent pipe from the junction of headrace and penstock
shall be sufficient for water delivery during sudden requirement and water level at
maximum upsurge.
 The plant should be able to run in fully isolated mode as well as parallel mode of
operation in automatic as well as in manual mode.
47
 All other components must be hydraulically, geo-technically and structurally stable
and economically viable.
 The power from the project should be evacuated with the help of 33 kV double
circuit transmission line considering minimum outage and line losses.
Stability and Structural Criteria
The basic design criteria adopted as reference for structural design of the project
components are general standards and codes of practices that are followed while designing
the hydropower projects. The design loads that are considered during the design are
hydrostatic pressure, silt pressure at the river/water, earth pressure along the hillside and
seismic loadings.
The following dead loads are considered for stability calculation:
Mass Concrete = 22.5 kN/m3
Plum Concrete = 21 kN/m3
Gravel Mix Soil = 16 kN /m3
Steel = 7850 kg/m3
Structural Concrete = 24 kN/m3
Cement = 25 kN/m3
Water = 9.81 kN/m3
Stability of the structure are checked for each block separated by expansion joint. The factor
of safety considered during the calculation is as follows:
FOS on Normal Condition Emergency/Seismic conditions
Overturning 1.5 1.2
Sliding 2.0 1.2
Bearing 2.5 1.5
The Grade of concrete and quality for characteristic compressive strength are decided with
the following criteria based on practices on the construction of hydropower project:
Blinding and PCC : C10
Water retaining Structure : C25
Mass Concrete : C15
48
Plum Concrete : C20 with 40% Plum
General Purpose structural concrete : C20
Although reinforcement design is not carried out for structures at this stage, but the quantity
required per unit volume of concrete is considered different for different structure based on
weight per unit volume (kg/m3) as per the consultant’s experiences in similar projects. The
structural part of powerhouse and machine foundation is considered similar to plant having
same capacity of Pelton Turbine with horizontal configuration.
CIVIL WORKS COMPONENTS
The major components recommended in the study are headworks, gravel trap, desander, and
headrace pipe, surge tank, penstock pipe, powerhouse, tailrace and switchyard etc. Besides
these, for the access to these components, access road and/or rope way with necessary
protection works shall be constructed before and during construction.
Headworks
The headworks comprises of a free flow concrete weir of spillway length 12 m having crest
fixed at elevation 2762.30 m amsl. Side intake with two orifices each of 1 m x0.8 m will
drive the head water up to the powerhouse. Vertical lifting gate of 1.5 m x1.5 m size next to
the weir and before the orifice of side intake will be used as the undersluice. The flood wall
arranged in front of the side intake will work as protection for intake upstream. Trash rack
with 10 mm thick rack bars spaced at 10 cm c/c are inclined at an angle of 80° (1:3, V:H) in
the intake. Undersluice gate platform and platform for stoplogs at side intake will be at an
elevation 2765.80 m.
There will be necessary river protection scheme and river training works so that the river
does not flank out to the banks of river scouring structures. The top of the weir shall be
capped with higher grade concrete to prevent from erosion. The weir foundation shall be
anchored with river bed rock using rock dowels and grouting. The sluice floor shall be
armored with steel plates and hard stone lining.
Gravel Trap & Side Spillway
The proposed gravel trap is located just downstream of the intake on left bank. A side
spillway is provided in gravel trap wall and the water entering from intake during the high
flood is flushed back to the river from the flushing canal. Gravel of size up to 100 mm can
enter from the intake to the gravel inlet chamber and gravel trap. Gravel size up to 5 mm
shall be settled at efficiency of 90 % and flushed back to the river from the gravel trap. The
detailed parameters for the design of gravel trap are as follows:
Table 7-1: Details of Gravel Trap and Spillway

Items Values Remarks
Length of Gravel Trap (m) 4
Width of Gravel Trap (m) 2.5
Depth variation (m) 1.5 – 4 With Freeboard
Spillway Length (m) 4m
Bottom Slope Main Part 1 in 10
49
Flushing Duct Size (m2) 0.8 m X 0.8 m Or may be a circular pipe
Desander & Flushing Arrangement
Based on the topographic condition, water availability, type of power plant, efficiency
aimed, economy and easiness of construction, Dufour type of continuous flushing two bayed
surface desanding basins have been proposed for sedimentation of finer particles. Various
considerations have been made and adopted during its design such as:
 To reduce the wear and tear in turbine part as much as possible, clear water has to
be supplied to power house. For this, the basin has been designed in order to settle
the particle size up to 0.2 mm at minimum of 90% trap efficiency.
 For effective and efficient flushing operation, flushing closed ducts have been
designed.
 Due to the topographic condition and project boundary condition, massive

excavation is required.
 High flood level at the section of flushing outlet has been checked with flood
routing in order to fix the desander flushing outlet invert level and so on.
 For the flushing operation, 20% extra discharge has been considered in design.
 Desander has been designed for the removal of sediment load up to 5000 ppm.
The dimensions and various parameters for design of desander are summarized below:
Table 7-2: Details of Desander

Items Values Remarks
Number of Basins 2
Inlet Transition Length (m) 9.5
Length of Desander (m) 35
Width of each Chamber 2.5
Depth variation (m) (Including Sediment Storage, Duct) 4.8 to 6.22 With freeboard
Bottom Slope Main Part (m) 1 in 50
Flushing Duct Size (Width x Height),m 0.6 m x 0.8 m Depth varies
Approach Conduit and Headrace Pipe
Since the topography and geology of the project area favors surface works at left bank,
approach conduit and headrace pipe has been proposed to carry clear water from desander
to the junction of headrace and penstock near powerhouse. Just after the desander a crossing
is proposed to pass the alignment along right bank of the Chepe Khola. Headrace alignment
is proposed to follow the HGL line. Project road or rope way will be constructed before
erection of headrace pipe. Alignment is proposed to be buried as far as possible.
The basic design assumptions adopted for headrace are as follows:
50
 Sufficient hydraulic gradient is provided to deliver required discharge for 2 units in
operation with combined 1.26 m3/s design discharge with additional 10 % (0.126
m3/s extra capacity;
 Limit the head losses in pipe as much as possible
 The pipe shall be capable of handling water hammer pressure developed during
sudden rejection of load as well as sudden closure;
 Pipe surface finish to be smooth in the flow area (Wetted perimeter) so that the head
loss will be minimum and any radius of the bend to be controlled at least 6 x width
of flow section;
 Headrace pipe should be completely buried to avoid the expansion joint as far as
practicable;
 Pipe shall be laid in such a way that, no traffic load will be transferred onto the pipe
hence minimum 0.8 m from overt of pipe shall be buried;
The water from desander is conveyed by a MS-pipe of 1.0 m in diameter and 8 - 14 mm

thickness to the junction of headrace and penstock pipe. The total length of approach conduit
is 233 m and that of headrace pipe is about 1668 m. The alignment upto surge tank has about
67 anchor blocks and 340 saddle supports to facilitate easy installation and control of force
in the alignment. The access path passes along the river side of the alignment. The pipe shall
strictly follow the following quality control for construction
 The bends shall be smooth with diameter > 6 x Dia.;
 The welding should be smooth from inside, preferably flushed;
 The inside shall also be painted thoroughly and smoothened;
 There will be access manhole at the designated location
Penstock Pipe
Steel Penstock is proposed to conduct the headwater from the headrace pipe to the
powerhouse. The proposed diameter of the penctock is 0.8 m upto Wye Branching. Then,
the penstock branches into two each with 0.6 m diameter delivering required discharge to
each plant to generate desired power. The total length of penstock pipe up to axis of turbine
will be about 3005 m. Since the topographic condition along the penstock is comparatively
stiff, greater care is required during installation of pipe with experienced supervisor. The
number of anchor blocks and saddle supports to be used along penstock pipes are
approximately 55 and 525 respectively.
Anchor Blocks
Anchor blocks are provided at each bend on approach conduit, headrace pipe and penstock
alignment. There are total 122 anchor blocks including bellmouth blocks in headrace
alignment. Anchor blocks are planned and designed for the support of pipe at the bends and
provide anchorage.
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The design criteria of anchor block are guided from the principle of safe holding of pipe at
the bends. The various loads are transferred from pipe to the block and block has to be
designed for safe load bearing and structural stability at the bends. Anchor blocks hold pipe
in position against various forces acting on the block including hydraulic thrusts in the
block. The following criteria are listed below for the design of anchor block:
1. The block should bear the following forces in case of buried pipe as follows:
o Perpendicular component of weight of pipe and water
o Hydrostatic pressure at bend
o Component of wt. of pipe and fill on anchor block
o Thermally induced force by changes in temperature
o Dynamic pressure at the bend
o Force on reducer
o Drag of flowing water
2. The block is not designed for any external load for the lifting and anchorage of
cable hoisting during the installation process as well, so that should be arranged
separately.
3. The support should accommodate the bend which has to be designed based on
hydraulic loss minimization criteria.
Planning is made with mass concrete and anchorage provision for the load in the block. The
concrete is provided with plum for cost optimization. The design is carried out based on the
alignment finalized now, but they should be revised if the IP are shifted or if there are any
change in deflection angles of the alignment during construction when layout is completed.
The design of Wye blocks and reducers shall be hydraulically efficient and smooth to reduce
the headloss.
Saddle Supports
Altogether 865 saddle supports are provided in the alignment to guide and simplify the pipe
alignment for the construction purpose. Structurally, Saddle supports placed at the intervals
along the pipe alignments significantly reduces the pipe thickness and anchor block sizes
because they transform the intermediate vertical forces to the ground and also reduce
excessive sagging of the penstock lying between the anchor blocks.
Surge tank
Surge tank at transition between headrace pipe and penstock pipe has been proposed for
various reasons as mentioned below:
 To relieve the pressure wave developed due to sudden closure or load rejection from
turbine through an open atmospheric zone near to the plant.
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 To limit water hammer developed by sudden pressure rise in pipe due to fast closure
of wicket gates or inlet gates in the turbine and limit the headrace from water hammer
effect.
 To improve the regulation of flow during variation of flow to the plant specially
required for isolated operation for fast speed regulation.
 To fulfill the initial demand during normal staring up of the turbine.
To fulfill all these criteria, simple cylindrical surge Shaft has been analyzed along the
inclined topography connected with vent pipe to the static level by adopting height of tank
as required for up surge as well as down surge. For calculating the top level and bottom
level of the surge tank, the worst combination of friction, water level in desander are
considered.
The details of the considered option are presented below:
Invert level: 2744.00 m
Platform level: 2779.25 m
Static water level: 2762.30 m
Normal water level: 2757.50 m
Upsurge level: 2777.05 m
Downsurge level: 2747.05 m
Surge pipe diameter: 1.5 m
Surge pipe thicknes: 12 mm
Powerhouse & Tailrace
A surface powerhouse has been proposed to install two units of Pelton turbines. The internal
dimension of powerhouse will be 37 m long, 21.58 m wide and 11.85 m high. The total
height from the bottom level will be 16.92 m excluding the roof height. The foundation level
of the powerhouse shall be at an elevation of 1873.56 m amsl (floor level: 1878.50 m) and
Turbine centerline is 1880 m amsl. Separate rooms for control panels, MV switchgear
panels, excitation transformers, and battery charger have been proposed. The powerhouse
area will also consist of an area for outdoor 33 kV switchyard. It should be noted that the
size of powerhouse is subject to change after detail hydromechanical design of turbine and
the detail structural design of the powerhouse.
An Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) crane shall be provided at power house moving in
longitudinal direction at the top is used for lifting and handling of equipment during
erection, operation and maintenance of the plant.
Based on the risk of flooding due to Chepe Khola at the tailrace section, the water level in
tail race outlet has been fixed at elevation 1872.04 m amsl. The turbine centreline level will
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be at 1880 m amsl. The tailrace channel is provided with a drop. The length of tailrace
including all branches is 50 m. The channel is free flow rectangular box type with cut &
cover structure having width 1.2 m and height 1.5 m with free board. There will be boulder
rip rap at the outlet of tailrace for protection structure. Finally, the tail water is released back
to Chepe Khola. To protect powerhouse and tailrace from flood, necessary flood wall u/s
and d/s of powerhouse at left bank is provided. There will be outlet gate at outlet of tailrace
for emergency stoppage of flood.
METAL WORKS
List of Metal works Components
The project requires various metal works for headrace pipe, penstock pipe, gates and
specials including MS sheet supply, fabrication, erection, testing & commissioning as a part
of the contract of the project. The following lists of components are needed in the project
and are categorized as follows.
 Supply of Mild Steel sheets for manufacturing of liner pipe for headrace and
penstock pipe.
 Transportation of mild steel sheets to workshop.
 Fabrication of pipe, transportation to site, erection and testing.
 Specials in like bell-mouth, manhole etc.
 Hydro mechanical works for gates, trash racks, stop logs, etc.
 Supply and installation of PH roof truss.
 Supply and installation of bell mouth, Y-furcations, T-junction and man holes.
The different items are estimated for metal works of Chepe Hydropower Project. The
detailed weight calculation is included in the quantity estimate annexes.
ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Power Facilities: Mechanical Equipment
This section describes the powerhouse mechanical equipment proposed for the
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project (DCHP). The powerhouse mechanical
equipment consists of the followings:
 Turbines,
 Governors,
 Main Inlet Valves,
 Pressure Oil Supply System,
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 Cooling Water System,
 Drainage and Dewatering system,
 Compressed air system,
 Mechanical Workshop,
 Air Conditioning System,
 Fire Fighting System,
 Diesel Generating Set,
 Overhead Traveling Crane,
Turbine
Two (2) numbers of Pelton turbines are proposed for DCHPP. The reasons for selecting
Pelton turbine is that the Pelton turbines are suitable for high head, usually above 300 meter
and comparatively low discharge.
Type Selection
The selection of type of turbine primarily depends upon the net head available and design
discharge. For the rated net head of 851.4 meter and design discharge of 0.63 m3/sec per
unit, Pelton turbines with horizontal shaft configuration are selected.
Unit Capacity
The selection of unit capacity is based on the assumption that minimum number of units
could be installed for the more economic development of the project, reliability of
generation, and minimum loss of power during maintenance and operation at different stage
of time. Unit capacity is generally determined by considering the available discharge
throughout the seasons, load demand, type of operations, efficiency of the machine, etc.
Single unit is not preferred due to the fact that total generation loss will occur in time of the
unit breakdown. The study of DCHPP reveals that the installation of two (2) power units
will be more economical and reliable for the following reasons:
 Increase the reliability for energy generation though initial cost is little higher and
this cost will be compensated by earning extra energy cost in long run.
 The required repair and maintenance works of the power units can be performed in
the yearly dry season in such a way that no energy loss will occur.
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Figure 1: Turbine Selection Diagram
Besides above factors, availability of the access road for the transportation of the equipment
is the prime factor for unit selection.
Turbine Speeds
The highest permissible turbine speed is 1500 rpm with double jet per unit. Due to the
erosion problem the turbine with rotating speed of 750 rpm is suitable; accordingly,
generator with 750 rpm synchronous speed and 8 poles can be selected. The corresponding
specific speed for the selected speed is 10.97.
Design Criteria
The general design and performance specification for the mechanical equipment will be
based on the IEC 61366-3 and other publications such as Water Power and Dam
Construction, United States Department of the Interior BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
(USBR) etc. Material selection and design will be in conformance to ASTM standards or
equivalent.
Description of Turbine
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Each turbine is capable of handling a design discharge of 0.63 m3/s at a rated net head of
851.4 m which result in the turbine shaft power of about 4.7 MW at an efficiency of 0.88 at
design discharge and head. The size and speed of the turbine is such that the total costs of
civil, electrical and mechanical works will be minimized.
The turbine runner, nozzle and other parts exposed jet of water will be made of stainless
cast steel resistant to cavitation and sand erosion. To facilitate the maintenance, bearings of
deflector operating mechanism and other moving parts will be self-lubricating type.
All turbine instrumentation, such as unit control boards, and governor control cabinets will
be located close to the relevant units on the turbine floor. This is advantageous for
commissioning, service and maintenance.
The principal characteristics of the proposed horizontal shaft Pelton turbines are as follows:
Parameters Value
Number of Units 2
Type Double Jet, Horizontal Axis Pelton
Rated Output 4.7 MW
Speed 750 rpm
Gross Head 882.3 m
Rated Net Head 851.42 m
Design Discharge 0.63 m3/sec per unit
Turbine Efficiency 0.88
Turbine Center line 1880.0 m
Specific Speed 10.97
The Main parts of the turbine are described below in brief.
Runner:
The material of runner will be free of cracks, porosities and inclusions and will be machined/
polished to a perfect finish, dynamically and statically balanced and heat treated for stress
relieving. The runner will be of integrally solid casting alloy steel of 13% Cr and 4% Ni. It
will be designed and constructed to safely withstand the stresses due to operation at runway
speed and under the most severe conditions. The surfaces bucket of the runner will be
furnished smooth, polished and machined to such profile that efficiency will be maximum.
Two runners will be interchangeable. Bolted connection will be provided for attaching the
runner to the runner shaft. The bolts shall be locked in position to prevent loosening during
operation.
Guide Bearing:
The turbine will be equipped with an oil type guide bearing. The bearing will consist of
support or housing and a removable bearing sheet. The guide bearing will be of self-
lubricated type (oil is circulated through the bearing by the action of the shaft rotation) and
water cooled and complete with oil reservoir and corrosion resistant water cooling coil.
Distributor manifold or casing:
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The concentric distributor manifold in which nozzle is connected will be of welded plate
design; the material will preferably be high strength alloy steel. The number of sections shall
be suitably chosen so that the water does not abruptly change its flow direction. The inside
surface of the cover will be flushed with the inside surface of the casing. The casing will be
constructed with sufficient strength to withstand the maximum hydraulic pressure.
Nozzle:
Each turbine will have double nozzle emerging form distributor manifold (distributor). The
nozzle and hence jet will be distributed around the runner. The tip of the nozzle and needle
will be accurately machined to minimize hydraulic loss and prevent cavitation damage. The
nozzle will be operated by a servomotor controlled by pressurized hydraulic oil controlled
by the governor and spring load. The nozzle tip, needle and other parts that come in contact
with water are made from corrosion resistant steel with nominal composition of 13% Cr and
4% Ni. Other parts will be made from properly heat treated high strength alloy steel. The
parts of the nozzle will be interchangeable with each other.
Jet Deflector:
The nozzle is provided with a jet deflector to assist in unit shutdown. The deflector allows
the turbine inlet valve and nozzle to close in longer time, hence avoids unacceptable water
hammer effect in penstock pipe and speed rise of the runner. The deflector will be actuated
by hydraulically operated servomotor controlled by the governor control system. These will
be manufactured from properly heat treated corrosion resistant steel. Bushing of the
deflector will be self-lubricating and high load bearing type.
Water jet braking system:
For emergency stop, a water jet braking system will be provided to obtain a fast reduction
of the rotational speed of the runner after the nozzles have been closed. The system will be
operated by an automatically operated needle valve associated with emergency control
system. The brake nozzle is connected upstream of the turbine inlet valve.
Governer
Each turbine will be equipped with Potential Integral Differential (PID) type electronic
digital/ hydraulic or microprocessor control type governors permitting independent unit
operation. The governors will ensure stable governing in parallel operation. In combined
operation they can regulate the required power even during fluctuation of the water level. In
case of frequency fluctuation in the system an automatic switch over to speed control will
be initiated to stabilize the power system frequency. In addition a simplified opening
controller will enable a continuation of the turbine operation, if the speed and power
controller with the electronic feedback device fail. The governor regulation data will be as
follows:
Speed rise during full load rejection : ≤ 30%
Pressure rise during full load rejection : ≤ 40%
Inlet Valve Closing Time : ≤ 65 seconds
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- Nozzle closing time : ≥ 60 seconds
The oil pressure unit for the governor system will be of sufficient capacity to drive the
governor and actuate the oil-hydraulic servomotors of the associated equipment like turbine
inlet valve. The governor will be located on the turbine floor near to the turbine.
Main Inlet Valve
Inlet valve will be provided for each power unit. The valve will be of spherical type of
diameter 400 mm (approx.). Each valve will be equipped with smaller by-pass valve for the
filling procedure for the turbine distributor piping. The by-pass valves will close and open
by means of oil hydraulic pressure.
Bolted flanges to the inlet pipe and penstock pipe will connect the main inlet valve. The
valve will be opened in balanced condition by oil pressure and will be closed by counter
weight for safety reason.
Pressure Oil Supply System
The pressure oil system will be composed of the following parts:
1. Pressure oil system

2. Air/oil accumulator or an oil/nitrogen bladder system
3. Piping system
Each set of generating unit will have a high pressure oil system, which will consist of two
sets of direct-coupled pump of sufficient capacity, one acting as on the "duty" and other as
the "stand-by". It will supply the pressure oil to the pressure tank from the sump tank through
a strainer. Each pump will be equipped with a check valve and a safety release valve.
The pressure oil supply system of each unit consists of an oil sump tank, pressure
accumulator for governor oil servomotor mechanism, two motor driven oil pumps, control
valves, piping, monitoring system and other accessories.
The pressure requirement will depend upon the amount of energy required to move the
turbine deflectors, nozzles, main inlet valve etc.
Oil pressure system is arranged as a single system for the governor, inlet valve and by-pass
valve actuators of the unit. The oil pressure system will have sufficient capacity for
operating the turbine servomotors, inlet valve, and other auxiliaries.
Water Cooling System
The cooling water system will supply the water in sufficient quantity to the following
components.
 Bearing oil coolers,
 Governor oil cooler,
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The system will tap the cooling water from tailrace pit and/or from other sources. The
cooling water system will be semi-closed type.
The water system will be served by a filter station comprising of:
 Two pre-filter in each supply line,
 Two pumps for raw water pumping from tailrace pit,
 Two self-clearing rotary strainers,
 Valve and piping works.
 Measuring devices and instruments with cables
Drainage and Dewatering System
The drainage and dewatering system will serve the following purpose:
 to drain the powerhouse seepage water,
 to drain the powerhouse in the event of emergency.
The system will consist of drains leading to the drainage pit. The necessary pipe works will
be provided from drainage pit to tailrace pit. To dewater the penstock and power conduit, a
drain valve with piping work just upstream of main inlet valve will be provided for each
unit.
Compressed Air System
Two compressed air system shall be provided in the powerhouse: a high pressure system to
charge the oil accumulators of the governors if required; and low pressure system to operate
the mechanical generator brakes and provide service air to require point in the powerhouse.
Mechanical Workshop
Mechanical workshop will be equipped with machine tools and devices necessary for the
maintenance and repair of all mechanical components and machining of the smaller
components of the mechanical and electrical equipment and hydraulic steel structures. The
workshop will provide service for the power plant for minor repair and maintenance work
at the site. The workshop will contain the following machineries/accessories at minimum:
 One Bench Drilling Machine
 One Bench Grinding Machine
 One Welding Transformer - Heavy Duty
 One Air Compressors
 One Hand Drill
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 One Hand Grinder
 1 set of ring spanners & double end open jaw spanner 6mm to 36mm
 1 set of vernier caliper
 1 set of micrometer screw gauge
 1 set of allen key 5mm to 24mm
 1 set of feeler gauge 0.05mm to 1mm
 Four nos. steel wire slings 10 ton capacity
 Four nos. “D” shackles 10 ton capacity
 One Hydraulic Jack, capacity 4 tons, (extra low), complete with hand pump
 One manually operated fork lifting jack trolleys, capacity 2 tons
Air Conditioning System
The powerhouse air-conditioning system will be used to provide fresh, filtered and cooled
air to the control room, office rooms, battery room, relay room, and other important areas.
Packaged type air conditioner will be used for control room and office room.
Fire Fighting System
Generator fire protection will be provided by a CO2 deluge system. The activation of CO2
fire protection system will be conditional to the operation of the flame or smoke detectors
in the generator pit combined with the operation of the generator differential protection.
Sufficient number of portable dry chemicals and CO2 cylinder will be provided at various
locations. The dry chemicals will be designed for fighting fires in solids, oil and electrical
equipment. The CO2 units will be designed for fighting fires in oil and electrical
installations.
Diesel Generating Set
One 100 kVA diesel generator set, complete with the necessary switch-gear and accessories
will be provided in the diesel generator building. This will provide an emergency source of
power in the event of a system and power outage to supply emergency electric power for
operation of cooling water pump system, governor oil system, battery charger,
communication facilities and emergency lighting of powerhouse and control house. The
diesel engine generating set will be installed in the diesel engine room.
Powerhouse Overhead Travelling Crane
For unloading and erection of equipment in the powerhouse, a double girder overhead
traveling crane will be provided. The overhead crane will be of bridge type construction.
The crane will be electrically driven and furnished with a single traveling trolley for the
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main hoist and auxiliary hoist. The operation range of the crane will ensure erection of all
major equipment parts, including the turbine inlet valve. The capacity of the main hoist is
determined by the weight of the heaviest part of the generator i.e. rotor. The crane will be
equipped with two speeds for longitudinal travel and cross travels.
The crane will be operated smoothly at the most adverse condition. The crane will be
controlled by remote or pendant system.
The principal characteristics of the overhead traveling crane will be as follows:
Parameters Value
Type Bridge type welded construction
Span Approx. 18.0 m
Main Hoist Capacity 20 Ton
Auxiliary Hoist Capacity 5 Ton
Length of Runaway Approx. 30 m
Speed Longitudinal Travel 15 m/min
Speed Cross Travel 5 m/min
Powerhouse Facilities: Electrical Equipments
This section describes the powerhouse Electrical equipment proposed for the DCHPP. The
powerhouse Electrical equipment consists of the followings:
 Generator,
 Excitation System,
 Power Transformer & Synchronizing Scheme,
 MV Switchgear,
 Station Service Transformer,
 Station Supply & LV (Low Voltage) Distribution System,
 Control & Protection System,
 Instrumentation & Metering,
 Communication System,
 DC Distribution System,
 Power Cables,
 Outdoor Switchyard,
 Interconnection Sub-station,
 Grounding System
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Generator
The unit rating of the generator has been selected based on the following considerations:
 to standardize the size according to turbine;
 to limit the transportation sizes and weights;
 to optimise power generation during maintenance or forced outage of a unit;
 to provide sufficient flexibility during operation; and
 to be able to maintain the system stability during the tripping of a unit.
The unit rating is also determined by the turbine type and the considerations of turbine
weight and turbine alignment.
The optimum number of units will be selected as two with turbine mechanical shaft output
as 4.7 MW. Accordingly, calculated capacity of generator will be 5.3 MVA with power
factor 0.85. So 5.3 MVA capacity generator is selected for the project.
Synchronous salient pole type generator is the standard for all such generators. Each of the
two generators in the surface powerhouse will be synchronous, salient pole type, horizontal
shaft unit.
The speed will be naturally in synchronism with the turbine speed of 750 rpm.
The rotor and stator windings will be insulated at Class F. However, the temperature rise
under rated capacity will be limited to 80oC over a maximum cooling air temperature of
40oC.
General Standard Specification of Generator is as follows:
Parameters Value
Number of units 2
Rating 5.3 MVA is selected
Power factor 0.85
Type of Construction Salient Pole or cylindrical
Synchronous speed 750 rpm
Runaway speed 1350 rpm
Number of Poles 8
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Rated voltage 11 kV
Rated range of voltage variation ±5%
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Parameters Value
Range of frequency variation ±2%
Stator winding connection Y (Star)
Efficiency 0.96
Critical Speed 20% above runaway speed
Cooling Fan Air Cooled
Excitation System Brushless
Shaft Orientation Horizontal
Neutral grounding Resistive grounding via grounding transformer
Rotor and Stator insulation Class F
Temperature Rise Class B
Shaft and Bearing Arrangement
The generator will be coupled to the turbine runner through a coupling shaft. There will be
only two bearings Drive end and Non drive end, both are circulating oil, water cooled, white
metal based bearings.
Cooling of Generator
The generator will be partially enclosed and heat generator air is discharged into the machine
hall or ducted to the outside. The generator will be natural air cooled, rotor radial fan/axial
fan designed to give a smooth and quite flow of air. Air will be drawn from one/both end
and discharge at the other end/top of the machine.
Generator Fire Protection
Generator fire protection will be provided by a CO2 deluge system. The activation of the
CO2 fire protection system will be conditional to the operation of the flame or smoke
detectors in the generator hall combined with the operation of the generator differential
protection. The CO2 release will only be initiated after a preset time delay and confirmation
by operators in order to allow evacuation of the personnel in the hall at that moment.
CO2release will first initiate shutdown procedures before release.
Generator Brakes
The generator will be equipped with a set of combined pneumatic or hydraulic operated
brakes and jacks.
Generator Neutral Grounding
The neutral grounding is done through Distribution transformer. The rating of Distribution
transformer is calculated during detail design phase.
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Excitation System
The generator excitation system shall be brushless type with rotating AC exciter fitted in the
generator shaft. Exciter with rotating diodes will house two independent speeds sensing for
governor and generator control purpose. Parallel compensation CT and line compensation
will be included in the excitation scheme.
The excitation system shall have a sufficient capacity while the generator is supplying
continuous rated at 110% rated voltage. The three phase rotating armature type AC armature
shall be mounted with the existing generator shaft above the rotor.
The excitation system shall comprise of
a. Three phase air cooled rotating armature type AC exciter

b. Excitation power supply transformer of dry type
c. Potential and Current transformer
d. Shaft mounted Rotating diode
e. Field Circuit Breaker
f. Field Flashing equipment
g. Digital type voltage regulating Equipment including alarm, protection and
monitoring and control equipment.
Digital control of the excitation will be implemented using modular PLCs.
The excitation system shall be suitable for operation under the following conditions:
a) Input voltage supply varying from 48 and 52Hz and  10% of generator rated voltage
(Un).
b) Voltage regulator operation with monotonic characteristics for voltages varying
from 0.2Un to 1.6Un and frequencies varying from 40Hz to 90Hz
c) Manual and automatic modes of operation for
o Power factor or KVAr regulation
o Voltage range regulation
o Equalization of grid and generator voltage magnitudes
General Characteristics of the Excitation System Power Supply:
Supply 110 VDC from dedicated excitation transformer

Automatic Setting range 90-110%
Manual Setting range 20-110%
Voltage accuracy Better than 0.5%
Response time < 20 ms
Ceiling Voltage ≥ 2 Un
Ceiling Current  2Ifn
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Power Transformer and Synchronizing Scheme
Power Transformer
The power transformer and synchronizing scheme is dependent upon the general schematic
system design.
The system design is governed basically by following
 Largest single unit transportation weight – limited by the bridges and road.
 Instrumentation and protection complexity,
 Continuous current ratings of the equipment,
 Initial Cost,
 Operation and Maintenance consideration, and
 Grid code and NEA’s requirement.
Three common schemes considered for comparison are as follows:
Unit Generator-Transformer Scheme:
This is a conventional scheme preferred for medium sized power plants in a small power
system where the plant size is significant for the system. With the use of individual
transformer for each generator unit, unit protection of generator and transformer becomes
easy. Overall protection system becomes simple and easy to locate the faults. The fault level
at the generator bus is less as compared to other schemes. This scheme makes maintenance
outage simpler to arrange. In case of fault in a unit, other units can run independent of others
and the plant’s availability is higher. It requires higher number of switchgear compared to
generator bus scheme 1.
Generator Bus Scheme 1:
In this scheme, all the generators are connected to the common generator bus and the power
is evacuated through single step up transformer. One generator is grounded at a time in this
scheme. As a result, protection system becomes complex and disturbances of one generator
can trip other units too. The fault level at generator bus is very high in this scheme as a result
the cost of generator circuit breakers becomes very high. Although it requires less number
of switchgears, the loss of a transformer bank would result in loss of total power.
Maintenance outage of the transformer results in loss of whole plant. Hence, for large plants
this scheme is not preferred.
Generator Bus Scheme 2:
This scheme uses two transformers to evacuate total power from the common generator bus.
Protection system is complex and disturbances of one generator can trip other units too. The
fault level at the generator bus is high due to common connection of all the generators. It
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requires higher number of switchgear than other schemes. During the fault in a transformer
and its regular maintenance, half of the power is lost.
Figure 2: Power Transformer Schemes
Selection between alternatives:
Being a Small Power Plant cost factor plays an important role in the design of project. The
choice between the above options lies in the cost of switchgears, transformers and the size
of the transformers.
Though Unit Generator –Transformer being most reliable, is not considered as the number
of transformers, and HV Circuit breaker is much more in comparison to other options. Now
comparing between other two options, Generator Bus Scheme 2 though being more reliable
has one HV Circuit breaker and a Transformer more than its counterpart. So based on the
economical aspect Generator Bus Scheme1 stands out and is hence chosen.
As the road is assessable for the transportation of the three phase transformer, one unit of
11 MVA, 3-phase main transformer is selected for the project. It is also economically better
than single phase transformer bank.
Transformer Cooling
The power transformers will be located outside so cooling will be Oil Natural Air Natural
type.
General Standard Specification of Power Transformer:
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Parameters Value
Rated Power 11 MVA
Number of Units 1 No.
Type Three Phase
Cooling ONAN
Frequency 50 Hz
Voltage Ratio 33 / 11 kV
Vector Group Ynd11
HV Winding
- Rated Voltage 33 kV
- Power Frequency
70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
- Lightning Impulse
170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
LV Winding
- Rated Voltage 11 kV
- Power Frequency
28 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
- Lightning Impulse
60 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec (as per IEC 76)
Percent Impedance 8%
Efficiency 0.99
Details of Synchronizing Scheme
The generators will be synchronized at 11 kV generator bus. The two generator breakers
will be connected in a single 11 kV bus. The layout and synchronizing scheme is as per
attached single line diagram.
MV Switchgear
The two generator breakers will be connected in a single 11 kV bus. The cost factor is not
significantly affected by the continuous current rating of the vacuum circuit breaker (CB).
For the purpose of spare, all the two CBs will be of the same rating.
General Standard Specification of Generator Circuit Breaker:

Parameters Value
Nominal Voltage 11 kV
Rated Voltage 12 kV
Rated Current 630 Amp
Rated Short Time Withstand
25 kA
Current
Rated Power Frequency
20 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
Rated Lightning Impulse
60 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
68
Parameters Value
Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec
Operating Voltage 110 VDC
Operating Sequence 0 – 3 min – CO – 3 min - CO
Number of Tripping Coil 2
Number of Closing Coil 1
For the low voltage side of Power transformer one VCB will be used. The rating of the
circuit breaker is as follows;
General Standard Specification of Circuit Breaker:

Parameters Value
Rated Voltage 12 kV
25 kA
Current
20 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
60 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec
Operating Sequence 0 – 3 min – CO – 3 min - CO
Station Service Transformer
For station consumption, one distribution type of transformer of capacity 200 kVA shall be
connected to generating bus. The station transformer shall be connected via Fused Load
Break switch. The FLBS shall be rated as shown in the SLD.
General Standard Specification of Station Service Transformer:

Parameters Value
Rated Power 200 kVA
Number of Unit 1 No
Type Three Phase, Indoor, Dry Type
Cooling AN
Frequency 50 Hz
Voltage Ratio 11 kV/0.4 kV/220 V
Vector Group Dyn11
HV Winding
Rated Voltage 11 kV
Power Frequency Withstand
28 kVrms
Voltage
LV Winding
Rated Voltage 0.4 kV
69
Parameters Value
Power Frequency Withstand
3 kVrms
Voltage
Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec (as per IEC 76)
Percent Impedance 4%
The low voltage distribution network shall be a single bus with all the station feeders
connected to it. The LV feeders shall be protected with MCB/HRC fuses as well as single
phase operation detection for three phase feeders. The MCCB and overload contactors shall
be provided as per IEC standards. The LV bus shall be alternately connected to the feeder
from Diesel generator.
The incomer from Diesel generator shall be interlocked with station transformer feeder so
that automatic operation of the Diesel generator is done within 6 seconds of station supply
failure.
Station Supply & Lv Distribution System
The station supply for the power house will be available from the station service transformer
and diesel generator set. The LV distribution board will be supplied from two incomers, one
station service transformer incomer and one from the diesel generator. The interlock of the
station service transformer incomer and diesel generator incomer will be implemented in
the LV distribution board.
LV feeders - The LV distribution will have sufficient feeders with different protections and
control circuitry depending upon the current and the type of consumer. However, each
feeder will have at least MCB/HRC fuse protection in series. Each of the feeder shall be
monitored for trip or operational position in the SCADA system.
LV Busbar – The LV distribution board shall have single busbar. The station transformer
incomer feeder and diesel generator incomer shall be connected to the same busbar through
Air Circuit Breakers (ACB).
Control & Protection System
A control room for the powerhouse, the HV switchgear and the associated works will be
located within the powerhouse. The generating units and the auxiliary systems will be
controlled from this control room. The water level indication of the forebay will be in the
powerhouse control room. The powerhouse will be attended. Full automatic control of the
units will be possible from the powerhouse control room.
The powerhouse and switching equipment will be controlled from the control desk located
in the control room. The station control console with its own control and monitoring
instruments, the synchronizer, the joint controller, the station annunciator, the metering
panels, the protective relay panels, the temperature recorders, water level recorders will be
located in the power house control room.
Control Room Layout
The control room looks after the generator hall and contains all the necessary equipment to
control the powerhouse. The control room will house the panels for protective relaying of
70
generator, transformer and transmission line. The annunciation and auxiliary relay panels
will also be housed in it. The SCADA, Communication, Optical Terminating equipment,
RTU and PLC cubicles will be housed in a neatly secluded corner.
The control desk will house the control switches and indicator and semaphores for major
equipment in unit start and synchronization. The desk will also house the SCADA monitors.
The control desk will be along the sideways of the window towards the turbine hall.
There shall be no high electro-magnetic interference equipment such as LV or MV

switchgear or any battery charging equipment and thyristor controlled rectifiers near the
control and relaying equipment. These will be housed in separate rooms.
The station control console with its own control and monitoring instruments, the
synchronizer, the joint controller, the station annunciator, the metering panels, the
temperature recorders, water level recorders will be located in the powerhouse control room.
The unit protection panels located in the control room will accommodate the turbine-
generator, the main transformer and unit service transformer protection relays.
Powerhouse Group and Unit Control
The powerhouse will normally be an attended one.
Full automatic control of the units will be possible from the powerhouse control room. The
unit electronic governor and unit control panels, excitation transformer and the excitation
equipment such as field breaker panel and thyristor panels will be located in the turbine
floor. The unit control shall be possible at local mode from the unit control panel in turbine
floor.
Both manual and automatic control will be provided. For the testing of the units during
commissioning and maintenance, it will be possible to control a unit in either automatic or
manual mode from these panels. However, unit synchronization will not be permitted from
the turbine floor control panels. When the unit is ready for synchronizing, the automatic or
manual synchronization will be possible only from the control room.
All the powerhouse switching equipment at LV or MV will be monitored from the control
desk located in the control room
Generator Electrical Protection:
The unit protection will include the following relay functions:
 Generator Differential Protection (87G);

 95% Stator Earth Fault (59GN);
 100% stator Earth Fault (59GN/27N);
 Over-voltage Protection (59);
 Thermal Protection (49);
 Volts/Hz Protection (24);
 System Phase fault backup protection (51V);
 Voltage Balance Relay (60);
71
 Loss of Excitation Protection (40);
 Negative Sequence Protection (46);
 Reverse Power Protection (32P);
 Rotor Earth Fault Protection (64F);
 Over Frequency/Under Frequency Protection (81).
Note: Details of Protection is shown in Single Line Diagram
Transformer Protection
The transformer protection includes electrical and electro-mechanical as given below:
 Thermal Device (26);

 Thermal Relay (49);
 Pressure Switch (63);
 Instantaneous Over Current Relay (50);
 Time Over Current Relay (51);
 Time Neutral Over Current Relay (51N);
 Differential Relay (87T);
 Transformer Restricted earth fault relay (64T);
Note: Details of Protection is shown in Single Line Diagram
Instrumentation & Metering
The important measurands of generator and transformer shall be recorded and indicated in
the unit control panel in separate analog indicators. These shall be obtained digitally and
transmitted to the SCADA LAN and displayed in the control room. During failure of the
communication between the unit control panel and the SCADA units, it shall be possible to
control the units independently from the control desk or the respective panels in control
room.
The MWhr and MVARhr of individual generator output, the diesel generator, the station
consumption from each station transformer, the local consumption of headworks and the
transmitted energy of each line bay will be obtained from respective potential transformer
and current transformers, recorded in digital energy meters. The periodic data shall be
transmitted to the SCADA.
The line bays shall have four-quadrant energy meters in each bay. The potential transformers
shall have separate core of 0.2 accuracy class for metering.
Energy meters shall be installed and connected to the following points:
 At the two generator output terminals (from generator neutral CT) - total generation,
 At the power transformer output terminal – total generation after station
consumption and losses,
72
 At the outgoing 33 kV lines (0.2 accuracy class),
 At the station transformer LV terminals / LV busbar incomers,
 At the diesel generator output terminal / LV busbar,
 At the delivery point of project switchyard (0.1 accuracy).
Current and Voltage transformers - The location, type and number of cores of the CT and
PT will be as shown in the Single Line Diagram
Communication System
V-SAT or CDMA link with PSTN (Nepal Telecom) and link up with LDC by dialling. It
will require a trunk dialling telephone service in the control room for communication with
the LDC and other sub-stations as well as internal. This will provide one or more lines of
communication with LDC.
Data and Voice transmission medium- The Grid code requires a reliable voice and data
communication system between the Power House and the LDC. PLCC is not a viable option.
A V-SAT or CDMA link with PSTN (Nepal Telecom) and link up with LDC by dialling
Digital PABX - An internal telephone system with required number of subscriber digital
PABX is foreseen for the powerhouse, the switchyard, office, residence of operational
personnel, guardhouse and the headworks control room.
DC Distribution System
The Power station shall have two systems of DC power supply.
1) 110 V DC
2) 24 V DC
The 110 VDC battery system shall supply control equipment and inverters. The powerhouse
system shall also supply the excitation system of all units
At power house under normal operation charger shall supply the battery bank and the load
through 110 VDC distribution panel. The 110 VDC battery system shall supply 48 VDC
supply (if required) for SCADA system, PLC, telecommunication etc. through 110-48V DC
to DC converter and 24V DC supply for protective relays, monitoring system, indications
and control circuits of both power house and switchyard through 110-24V DC to DC
converter.
The AC-UPS system shall supply alarm systems, control processors and supervisory system.
In case of failure of normal AC source, it shall be supplied from the 110 VDC distribution
systems.
Power Cables
Power cable will be laid along the cable trench to the generating VCB panels and there from
single phase armoured power cables will be laid to the power transformers.
73
All MV power cables will be XLPE type with semi-conducting layer in between the
conductor and the insulation. The inner jacket may be of extruded PVC, whereas the outer
jacket may be PVC.
The ratings of the power cables will be calculated during the detail design phase only, as the
rating is determined not only from the continuous current rating but also from the distance
and the short circuit carrying capacity.
Outdoor Switchyard
The type and location of the switchyard is determined by the space available nearby and the
distance from powerhouse. In case of DCHPP, 33kV switchyard shall be equipped with
outdoor type switchgear as shown in the SLD. The transformer bay, which is in line with
two outgoing bay for double circuit 33 kV line transmissions of approximately 33 km, shall
be adopted for power evacuation at 33 kV Udipur NEA hub.
The operation of 33 kV Circuit breaker shall be possible from the local control cubicles of
the switchyard. Normally, the switchgear shall be remotely operated from the control room
in the powerhouse. The 33 kV control panel with all the protection relays and control
switches; located in control room, shall be equipped with indications like open or close
status of circuit breaker. The indication status shall also be displayed at the control desk in
the control room for the notice of the operator.
The outdoor switchyard shall be locates adjacent to the powerhouse building. The
switchyard shall be positioned in such a way to minimize the amount of excavation
necessary for installation of equipment.
The general standard specifications of the outdoor equipment are as follows:
General Standard Specification of 33 kV VCB:
Parameters Value
Rated Voltage 36 kV
31.5 kA
Current (3 sec)
Peak Withstand Current 80 kA
70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
General Standard Specification of 33 kV EDS:
Parameters Value
74
Parameters Value
Rated Voltage 36 kV
31.5 kA
Current (3 sec)
Peak Withstand Current 80 kA
70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
General Standard Specification of 33 kV Lightning Arrester:
Parameters Value
Installation Outdoor
Nominal System Voltage 33 kV
Maximum System Voltage 36 kV
Rated Voltage 30 kV
Nominal Discharge Current 10 kA
High Current Impulse
100 kA
Capability
Line Discharge Class 3
70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
General Standard Specification of 33 kV Current Transformer:
Parameters Value
Rated Voltage 36 kV
Current Ratio 200/1/1/1 A
Core burden During Detail Engineering
Accuracy 0.5 – Instruments 5P, PS - Protection
70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
General Standard Specification of 33 kV Voltage Transformer:
Parameters Value
Rated Voltage 36 kV
Voltage Ratio 33/√3//0.11/√3/0.11/√3 kV
75
Parameters Value
Core burden During Detail Engineering
Accuracy 0.5 – Instruments, 3P - Protection
Rated Power Frequency 70 kVrms
Withstand Voltage
Rated Lightning Impulse 170 kVpeak
Withstand Voltage
Protection of Transmission Line and Switchgear
The basic concept of protective relay schemes on a high voltage system is to minimize
damage to system equipment, to minimize the effects of the system disturbances and to
ensure that no single contingency will disable the protection on any element of the system.
Thus protective relays must be capable of reliable operation to sense and isolate all faults
rapidly. They must also possess a high degree of security against unwanted operations. For
maximum reliability, all circuits of the system should be protected by two protective
schemes, each of which is capable of independent detection and isolation of all faults
without undue disturbance to the system. Common components should be avoided and areas
of common exposure kept to a minimum to reduce the possibility of a simultaneous failure
of both schemes.
Interconnection Sub-station
The project will have to construct separate double circuit bay at interconnection sub-station
(existing Udipur NEA hub) to evacuate the power from project to NEA Grid system. The
bay will include 33 kV equipment (circuit breaker, isolator, current transformer, potential
transformer, gantry etc.). Alternate option for power evacuation may be done on proposed
Kritipur NEA hub.
The Main and Check energy Meters of accuracy class 0.1 should be installed at the Delivery
Point. The Main Meter shall be owned by Grid User and the Check Meter shall be owned
by NEA. The Main and Check Meters shall be supplied from the different secondary cores
of CT and PT of accuracy class 0.2.The energy meters shall have an optical interface to
transmit data on-line to the power house through the OFC as well as through a dial-up
modem interface. NEA will be able to directly read the energy meter data and download it
as required by dialing and linking to it through PSTN line.
Grounding System
The powerhouse, transformer bay, switchyard, machine hall and the remote installations
will be provided with a low-resistance grounding system.
The basic objective of erecting a grounding grid with grounding electrodes is
 to provide low resistance grounding;
 to limit the step and touch potentials within the acceptable limits as indicated in
IEEE 80;
 to limit the ground potential rise during ground fault occurrence and to limit
over-voltages; and
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 to assure the proper operation of the protective relay system.
To be able to obtain the low grounding resistance value, it might be necessary to

interconnect the powerhouse ground system to switchyard ground system and to tailrace
pond. During detailed design phase ground resistivity measurements will have to be done
for the design of the grounding grid.
The earthing resistance at powerhouse and in the switchyard will be below 1.0 Ohm. The
power house earthing resistance will be improved with counterpoise electrodes at the
tailrace, at the river bank and around the perimeter of the powerhouse.
There will be one grounding grid but separate risers will be installed for high voltage and
low voltage equipment grounding. The low voltage equipment grounding risers will be
connected nearer to the earthing electrodes so that rise of voltage at LV equipment is reduced
during high current surges to the ground.
77
TRANSMISSION & INTERCONNECTION WITH INPS
GENERAL
The proposed Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project (8.8 MW) is a run-of-river type
hydropower project promoted by M/S Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.
(DPCHPL) located in Ajirkot Rural Municipality of Gorkha district. At the feasibility stage,
2 x 11 MVA generators are identified for generation purpose.
The project site is not connected with national grid. However, there are a number of
transmission line projects under study and some are under construction in vicinity of the
project area. Kirtipur sub-station, located in Lamjung district is the nearest to the project site
which is under construction by NEA. Also there is an existing 33 kV NEA sub-station at
Udipur, Lamjung.
PROJECTS AROUND DOODHPOKHARI CHEPE HYDROPOWER PROJECT
There are many hydropower projects under study in Chepe River downstream of proposed
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project and around the vicinity of the project. The
hydropower projects under study along with their capacity is depicted in the following table.
Table 8-1 : Projects around the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project

Capacity
SN Project Name Proposed Hub Remarks
(MW)
1 Super Chepe HPP 9.05
2 Chayandi Khola HPP 5.1
3 Chepe Khola SHP 8.63
4 Chepe Khola HPP 7
5 Himchuli Dordi HP 57
6 Super Dordi HP-Kha 54 Kritipur S/S Under Construction
7 Upper Dordi-A HEP 25 Kritipur S/S Under Construction
8 Dordi HEP 12 Kritipur S/S Under Construction
9 Dordi HP 27 Udipur S/S Under Construction
POWER TRANSMISSION LINE AROUND THE PROJECT AREA
The existing and Under construction transmission lines in the vicinity of Doodhpokhari
Chepe Hydropower Project which may be beneficial for power evacuation from the project
are shown in the table below.
Table 8-2 : Transmission Line around the Project Area
SN Transmission Lines Voltage(kV) Remarks

Tadikuna Khudi - Middle
1 Marshyangdi HP – Marshyangdi HP 132 kV Existing
T/L
2 Marshyangdi Corridor T/L 220 kV Under Construction
3 Dordi Corridor T/L 132 kV Under Construction
78
Marshyangdi Corridor 220 kV Transmission Line connects Manang, Tadikuna Sub-station
(220 kV), Udipur Sub-station (132 kV/200 kV) Marking Chowk Sub-station (220 kV) to
Bharatpur/Kathmandu Transmission Line. Similarly, Dordi Corridor Transmission Line
connects Kritipur Sub-station (132 kV) to Udipur Sub-station (132 kV/220 kV).
Alternatively, there is also an existing 33 kV NEA Sub-station at Udipur, Lamjung.
POWER EVACUATION ALTERNATIVES
For evacuation of power generated by the project and interconnect the project with
Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS), a Transmission Line is needed to be constructed
from powerhouse of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower project to an appropriate feasible
interconnection hub. The Transmission Line route should be technically and economical
viable with minimum impact on environment and settlement. As far as possible, the
transmission line route should be easily accessible. The following two alternatives has been
identified for the evacuation of power generated from the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower
Project.
i. Alternative I - DCHP powerhouse to 132 kV Kritipur Sub-station
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is geographically close to Kritipur sub-station

(s/s) located at Kirtipur Besi, Dordi Rural Municipality of Lamjung district. Kritipur s/s (132
kV) is under construction by NEA as a part of Dordi Corridor and is expected to be
completed by July 2019. In principle, the power evacuation will be carried out to nearest
NEA's grid and evacuation schemes should be technically sound and also cost effective.
Therefore, the power generated from the Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project has
been planned to be evacuated to INPS through sub-station at Kirtipur Besi through 33 kV
single/double circuit Transmission Line of length about 20 km with an appropriate
33kV/132kV facility.
ii. Alternative II - DCHP powerhouse to 33 kV Udipur Sub-station
Alternatively, there is an existing 33 kV NEA sub-station at Udipur of Lamjung district. A

33 kV single/double circuit Transmission Line of length about 30 km is needed to be
constructed from powerhouse of Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project to existing 33
kV sub-station at Udipur to evacuate power generated from the Project and interconnect
with INPS.
79
POWER AND ENERGY
BACKGROUND
The Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is a run-of-river type of plant with no

pondage facility. The installed capacity of the plant is 8.8 MW. Utilizing 851.4 m net head
and 1.26 m3/s of discharge, the plant is capable of running in isolated as well as parallel
mode of operation with the grid.
This chapter describes power potential, various parameters governing generation, variation
of these parameters over the month, plant operation to find out power and energy generation
from the project. The project has been designed to utilize 45% exceedence of discharge from
the river to generate the required capacity.
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Net Head Variations
The discharge is estimated to be varying during different months as per season and similarly
the head will also vary little bit according to the flow. The gross head of the project was
found to be 882.3 m. Due to different losses, the net head varies from 847.6 m to 856.1 m
according to discharge variation from 0.55 to 1.26 m3/s.
Plant Discharges
The discharge is estimated to be varying during different months as per season of the year.
Table 9-1: Mean Monthly Discharge Variations

Months of English River Discharge Min Release Qmax Available
Calendar (m3/ sec) (m3/ sec) (m3/ sec)
Jan 0.67 0.055 0.615
Feb 0.57 0.055 0.515
Mar 0.55 0.055 0.495
Apr 0.60 0.055 0.545
May 0.87 0.055 0.815
Jun 2.60 0.055 2.545
Jul 6.99 0.055 6.935
Aug 7.95 0.055 7.895
Sep 6.05 0.055 5.995
Oct 2.86 0.055 2.805
Nov 1.47 0.055 1.415
Dec 0.91 0.055 0.855
From the adopted mean monthly discharge data, the 10% of the minimum discharge i.e.
0.055 m3/s has been considered as environmental flow to be released, which is minimum
for the aquatic ecosystem present at the river.
80
Rated Efficiencies
The factors to be considered for calculation of overall efficiency and outage from the project
are as follows:
Turbine Efficiency:
Rated turbine efficiency for the Project has been taken as 88 % for Horizontal Shaft Pelton
Turbine.
Generator Efficiency:
Generator has iron and copper losses which makes power output lower than available from
mechanical input to the generator. The rated efficiency of generator of 96 % is considered
for this project for self-excited generator.
Transformer Efficiency
Transformers also have iron and copper losses which makes power output lower than
available from generator. The rated efficiency of transformer is taken as 99 % for this
project.
Plant Outages & Loss
The nominal outages/losses from 2 units in powerhouse and self-consumption including

transformation loss in 6.3/33kV switchyard is taken as 5% of gross generation. Not all of
5% is continuous power loss of the plant but also takes into account the likely losses due to
closure of the plant in a year. The non-availability of the plant may be from plant outage
component breakdown etc.
POWER POTENTIAL
The discharge available is varying every month and results in net a head and efficiency
variation which has to be accounted for calculating power output from the plant.
Energy Calculation
The discharge available is varying during each month which results in net head and
efficiency variations which have to be accommodated for calculating power output from the
plant. For the initial assessment the efficiency has been considered flat throughout the year.
The power and energy potential are presented in Table below for reference.
A total of 5% loss has been accounted for various outage and losses in plant, self-
consumptions, transmission line loss and non-payable outage for calculating the saleable
energy.
DRY SEASON & WET SEASON ENERGY
NEA has declared December to May ( Mangsir 16 - Jestha 15) as dry season months and
June to November (Jestha 16 - Mangsir 15) as wet season months. The net energy from the
project will be 55.36 GWh after the outages and losses of 5%. There will be 18.63 GWh dry
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and 36.73 GWh as wet bill energy available at delivery point. As the delivery is at 33 kV
bus bar there is no need of further deduction of meter energy for billing purpose.
The power and energy computed based on adopted long term average monthly hydrograph
is presented in table below:
Design discharge 1.26 m3/s at Q45 Turbine Efficiency 0.88

Generator
Gross Head 882.3 m 0.96
Efficiency
Transformer
Net Head 851.42 m 0.99
Efficiency
Overall Efficiency 0.84
Plant Capacity 8802 kW D/S release 0.055 m3/s
Monthly Monthly Monthly

No Availa
River Diverted Average Total Monthly Average Average Average
Mon of ble
flow flow Plant Energy(K Net Energy Dry Wet
th Day flow
(m3/s) (m3/s) Capacity Wh) (KWh) energy(KW energy(K
s (m3/s)
(KW) h) Wh)
Jan 31 0.67 0.615 0.615 4296 3,196,316 3,036,500 3,036,500
Feb 28 0.57 0.515 0.515 3598 2,417,565 2,296,687 2,296,687
Mar 31 0.55 0.495 0.495 3458 2,572,645 2,444,013 2,444,013
Apr 30 0.60 0.545 0.545 3807 2,741,137 2,604,080 2,604,080
May 31 0.87 0.815 0.815 5693 4,235,769 4,023,980 4,023,980
Jun 30 2.60 2.545 1.260 8802 6,337,307 6,020,442 6,020,442
Jul 31 6.99 6.935 1.260 8802 6,548,550 6,221,123 6,221,123
Aug 31 7.95 7.895 1.260 8802 6,548,550 6,221,123 6,221,123
Sept 30 6.05 5.995 1.260 8802 6,337,307 6,020,442 6,020,442
Oct 31 2.86 2.805 1.260 8802 6,548,550 6,221,123 6,221,123
Nov 30 1.47 1.415 1.260 8802 6,337,307 6,020,442 6,020,442
Dec 31 0.91 0.855 0.855 5973 4,443,659 4,221,476 4,221,476
Total 58,264,663 55,351,430 18,626,737 36,724,694
Dry and Wet
33.65% 66.35%
Energy Proportion
Rate 8.40 4.80
176,278,52
Amount 156,464,587
9
Total Annual
332,743,117
Revenue
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
 There may be early monsoon and late monsoon which makes discharge of Jestha
and Kartik likely different depending upon the hydrological year. The low adaptation
of the discharge may lead to the under estimation of actual potential of these two
transitional months, some declaration may be necessary while in operation.
 The outage is a matter of adaptation based on practice and level of confidence. The
project connected to 33 kV grid will have low grid outage.
Civil structures, hydro-mechanical components, machine, switchyard, transmission line,

interconnection components etc. needs maintenance and the liability go to the project
operational management. So, the generation also depends very much upon the operation and
maintenance management during operation.
82
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

SCHEDULE
GENERAL
This chapter briefly describes the construction planning methodology for proposed
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project. It also includes port for handling material as
well as detail route from port to site. A critical path method has been adopted in preparing
the Construction Schedule using a computer software package “Microsoft Project”. The
attached construction schedule also refers to the main activities of each individual package
and indicates its interrelationship and dependency with the activities of other packages.
Milestones as intermediate contractual targets are set out to guarantee that the project is
connected to the Integrated Nepal Power System according to these targets.
ACCESS ROAD
Access in India
The transportation facilities within India were made based on the information collected
during various ongoing and completed projects. Calcutta is the preferred port for handling
the cargo from overseas as it has the necessary lifting crane capacity, adequate terminal
facilities, and stacking area and railway yards. The port is selected to meet the following
objective:
 To determine the most feasible rail route for import of machinery and electro-
mechanical equipment
 To establish probable transit times to railheads;
 To define the most feasible land routes from the railheads to the nearest Nepal
border towns;
 To define the required terminal facilities at the Calcutta port for items being
imported from third countries besides India;
 To establish the need of using special wagons for transporting the permanent
equipment by rail.
 With regards to transportation, this route has been selected for transportation of
foreign goods from India or Overseas.
 Calcutta – Burdwan – Asansol – Raxaul : 950 km (Train)
Access in Nepal
The project can be accessed by road from Narayanghat on the east-west highway. For the
imported materials, the bordering points Raxaul will serve as the nearest rail head from
where major truck haul will be made to Narayanghat. From Narayanghat, the access will be
via Narayanghat Mugling Highway (being upgraded to 4 lane highway) to Mugling and then
83
to Abukhaireni in Prithivi Highway. The access to project then passes through all weathered
Daraudi Likn Road upto Chanaute. From Chanute to Olan (nearest village from the proposed
project powerhouse, the access passes through earthen road via Bachchek. The detail of
access road and their standard has been listed in the Table below:
Table 10-1: Details of Routes
Road Road Standard Distance km

Raxaul - Narayanghat East-West Highway 135
Narayanghat Mugling
Narayanghat – Mugling 36
Highway
Mugling-Abhukhaireni Prithivi Highway 8
Daraudi Link Road, All
Abukhaireni – Chepetar Daraudi Bridge 19
weathered
Daraudi Link Road, All
Chepetar Daraudi Bridge - Chanaute 24
weathered
Earthen Road
Chanaute Jaubari – Bhachchek 22
Earthen Road (Being
Or
upgraded to All
Chanaute Muchowk - Bhachchek 16
weathered)
Bhachchek - Olan Earthen Road 13
Total (km) 257
The access from Bachchek to Olan is not as per standard and grade of the road needs to be
upgraded before the start of the project activities. Also from Olan to powerhouse around
4km of access road has to be constructed. From powerhouse to headworks, ropeway has
been proposed along the penstock alignment from transportation of construction material to
penstock alignment and headworks site.
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
General
Some of the major works of General Infrastructure’s package has to be accomplished before
starting of main civil, hydro mechanical and electromechanical works.
Access Roads and Rope Way
The access roads and ropeway includes permanent project access road to powerhouse and
temporary ropeways along penstock alignment and headworks. Around 4 km of project
access road and around 5 km of ropeway has to be constructed to access different project
sites.
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Figure 10-1: Layout map showing camp facilities quarry sites and disposal area
Spoil Disposal Area
The suitable disposal areas are identified at different locations i.e., near headworks area,
near surge pipe location, along the penstock pipe location and powerhouse area which are
shown in the layout map enclosed in Figure 10-1. The identified spoil disposal areas are
located within the vicinity of the project area. In shown locations all unwanted excavated
materials coming from the site of different project components shall be disposed off in
identified locations as per prevailing environmental rules and regulation. Some of the
volume of excavated material may be used in the production of aggregates required for
concreting works. Similarly, other quantities might be useful for backfilling works at the
desanding basin, penstock pipe, powerhouse area and for landscaping works at borrow areas
etc.
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All spoil deposits will be made stable and would preferably be shaped with a flat area on
top, though a slope of 1:20 would facilitate later usage. Typically a side sloping of 1:1.5 is
stable for under most circumstances. The deposit would therefore be built up in layers rather
than dumped from high elevation. Spoil deposits should be shaped into forms merging to
the landscape and covered by the stored top soil.
Quarries and Borrow Areas
For the construction of the proposed civil structures, construction material is required. The
major components of construction material are sand, aggregate, cement, steel rod, etc. Some
of these material are imported outside the project area where as optimum use of available
material will be used from near project area. Therefore, during the study and field visit made
by expert quarry site were identified near the project site. The quarry site identified in three
different location which are shown in Figure 10-1.
Contractors’ Temporary Camps
The camp will include workshops/mechanical yards, laboratories, construction materials,

and equipment storage and maintenance areas. The separate areas also have been allocated
for labors camp wherein due consideration for safe drinking water and sanitation facilities
shall be made. The proposed location for contractor’s temporary camps is presented in
drawing, Volume III of this report.
Project Organization Chart
In order to maintain the quality of construction work to a specified level of standard as per
specification, which will be provided later as separate volume, it is strongly recommended
to have a suitable organization wherein the concerned technical and administrative
professionals of all the levels of the respective organization i.e., Client, Consultant and
Contractors, are suitably placed and responsibilities are firmly defined so that all field works
can be accomplished as scheduled without compromising in quality.
It is recommended to execute the construction activities of DCHP through a reputed and

competent consultant, as a client’s representative for the construction supervision and
quality control of the entire project components according to the philosophy laid in PPMO
document published by GoN for general infrastructure package and FIDIC document for
other packages.
The construction activities will be fully controlled by the Team Leader deputed by the
consultant upon approval of the client. The Team Leader will be fully responsible for the
overall construction activities and shall be accountable to the Project Manger of the Client.
It is proposed to have a well-equipped and experienced technical team from the side of
Consultant at site under the command of Team Leader. The team shall comprise of assistant-
engineers, overseers, supervisors and inspectors etc. The arrangement of Project Manager
from client’s side is also proposed to be made to closely monitor the construction activities
and coordinate them in all the site works as and when required. The Project Manager of the
client also can recruit the team of experts, lawyer, auditor and financial advisor if find
necessary. Similarly, the project directors of the client and the consultant at head office,
Kathmandu shall perform the activities related to overall management and coordination
86
from their respective sides aiming to run the project activities smoothly and will take care
for timely completion as targeted without failure.
The basic organization chart for DCHP is prepared and presented in Figure 10-2 and Figure
10-4 for the construction period. The proposed organizational chart illustrates organizational
setup and can be further modified.
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Doodhpokhari Chepe HydropowerPvt. Ltd.

Project Director at Kathmandu Office
Consultant
Contractors Lawyer
Auditor
Financial Advisor
Experts
Project Manager
(Site)
Finance/Administ Environmental
Technical Section Monitoring Unit/Liaison
rative Section
Section
Finance/Administra
Civil Engineer tive Officer
Public Relation
Electrical Office Officer
Engineer Assistant/Computer
Operator
- Peons (2)
Social
Mechanical Mobilizer
- Drivers (2)
Engineer
- Cook
- Gardner Runner
Figure 10-2: Organization Chart for Construction Phase (Client)
88
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.

Project Director at Kathmandu Office
Plant Manager
(Electrical/Mechanical Engineer)
Electro-Mechanical Section Chief Administrative and Public Relation Financial Section Chief
(Mechanical/Electrical Engineer) Section Chief (Accounts Officer)
(Office Manager)
- Accounts
-Electrical Sub-Engineer - Peons (1) Assistant
-Mechanical Sub-Engineer - Vehicle Drivers (1) - Store Keeper
- Cook
- Gardner
- Operators (4) -Guard (1) Runner
- Mechanical Technicians (2)
- Electrical Technicians (2) Total Number of
Computer Operator Staffs 25
Figure 10-3: Organization Chart for Operation and Maintenance Phase
89
Doodhpokhari Chepe HPP

(Project Director)
Kathmandu
Team Leader
(Civil Engineer)
Site
Lot 2: Civil Lot 4: Electro-Mechanical and Adminitrative/Finace Section

Lot 3: Hydro-Mechanical Transmission Line
(Engineer Incharge) (Mechanical Engineer) (Office Manager/Account)
(Eletrical Engineer)
Driver (1)
Assistant Engineer/ Assistant Engineer
Runner (1)
Assitant Engineer (4) Oversear
Oversear-2 Peaons (2)
CAD Operators (1)
Supervisors (6)
Lab Technician (1)
Total Number of
Staffs 24
Figure 10-4: Organization Chart for Consultant (Construction Phase)
90
Engineers’ Camp
The camp constitutes residents for engineers, overseers and office managers for consultant
and client as specified in organizational chart presented in Figure 10-2 and Figure 10-4. At
this stage of study, the proposed for camp site has been proposed in drawing, Volume III of
this report. It is suggested to carry out detail planning of the camp considering the high
altitude of the camp site. Also the camp should include the office building, guest house
equipped to communication facilities, safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Emergency Medical Unit
In order to provide a first-hand emergency treatment to all the staffs, as and when required,
a provision for a separate unit of emergency medical service under the leadership of a Health
Assistant has been envisaged in this project.
Permanent Facilities for Operation
The residential quarters for operation and maintenance are assessed based on the
organizational chart for operation and maintenance as illustrated in Figure 10-3. The
residence facilities are proposed up to technician level manpower. The infrastructure
facilities that are proposed for engineers’ camp can be utilized as the residence quarter and
office for operation and maintenance period.
CONSTRUCTION POWER
The construction work for DCHP requires operation of several high-power equipment at
various locations like headworks, headrace/penstock alignment, surge tank, powerhouse
area, mechanical yard and crusher yard location. A reliable, adequate and cost-effective
power source and distribution system is thus required for the proper execution of
construction planning. As there is no any connection to INPS grid nearby, installation of
diesel plants for power generation is seen as the only available option to supply power for
electrically powered equipment. The major load centers and estimated power is presented
in Table 10-2 below:
Table 10-2: Major Load Centers and Estimated Power Requirement

S.N Load Center Power Requirement
1 Headworks 25 kW
2 Headrace pipe alignment and Surge Tank area 25 kW
3 Along Penstock Alignment 25 kW
4 Powerhouse 25 kW
5 Batching plant/Crusher yard 50 kW
6 Construction Camp 20 kW
7 Operation of Ropeway 100 kW
Total 270 kW
As the load centers are diversed, it is proposed to established diesel generators at various
locations or establish the 11 kV transmission line network in the project location connecting
the load center and establish the centralized diesel power plant to optimize the peak power
requirement. With the centralized diesel power plant the peak power requirement can be
reduced to 200 kw considering the diversity factor of 0.75.
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CONTRACT PACKAGE
The major component of works related for project execution is General Infrastructure
facilities, headworks, headrace pipe, surge tank, penstock pipe, powerhouse, Transmission
line and Sub-station and other associate structure. For execution of all these components
altogether five contract packages are proposed comprising of National and International
competitive bidding procedures. Post qualification criteria will be followed for execution of
all packages.
Table 10-3: Contract Packaging

Lot No. Description of Works Type of Bidding
Lot 1 General Infrastructures NCB Post Qualification
Lot 2 Civil Works NCB Post Qualification
Lot 3 Hydro mechanical ICB/NCB Post Qualification
Lot 4 Electromechanical ICB Post Qualification
Lot 5 Transmission line NCB/ICB Post Qualification
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
This chapter briefly describes the construction planning methodology for proposed
Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project. A critical path method has been adopted in
preparing the Construction Schedule using a computer software package “Microsoft
Project”. The attached construction schedule also refers to the main activities of each
individual package and indicates its interrelationship and dependency with the activities of
other packages. Milestones as intermediate contractual targets are set out to guarantee that
the project is connected to the Integrated Nepal Power System according to these targets.
The total project construction period at this level of study is considered 720 days excluding
the preparatory works. As per schedule penstock alignment has been analyzed as the critical
activity of the project. The detail construction schedule as per the target of the project is
presented in Figure 10-5 below:
92
93
Figure 10-5:Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project’s Construction Schedule
94
PROJECT ESTIMATED COST
GENERAL
This chapter describes the methodology used for the engineer’s cost estimate and the project
capital cost estimate. Other cost estimates were prepared for technical cost as part of project
feature layout, selection, optimization and preliminary design process. The civil, electrical
and electromechanical construction cost estimate has been prepared based on the following
Guidelines and Information:
 District rates
 Norms for hydropower construction used by previous projects
 Latest information on local market rate for construction material
 Budgetary offers, consultant’s experience and information on prevailing projects
CRITERIA AND ASSUMPTIONS
The project cost estimate is based on the following assumptions and criteria:
 All costs in Nepali Rupees
 All cost divided into two components, local and foreign. Labor and locally
available construction material (sand, aggregates, etc.) are from the local
component while equipment, cement, steel, fuel and other material that have to be
imported from India or abroad form the foreign component.
 For electromechanical, hydraulic steel structures and transmission line, ex-factory

prices have been included with transportation, erection and commissioning.
 For currency conversion, US $ 1= NRs. 103 is used
 The transportation route for imported material in Nepal is assumed to be from

Raxual/Birgunj to site via Narayangadh-Mugling highway.
A key assumption is that the procurement policy will follow International Competitive
Bidding. This process together with government policies will facilitate cost effective and
efficient import of equipment and material required for timely construction.
ESTIMATING METHODOLOGY
The cost has been prepared in line of the approach used by contractors to prepare tender
estimates. The following procedure is followed sequentially to prepare contractor type cost
estimates for civil works and hydraulic steel structures:
1. The total project is divided into a number of distinct structures i.e. temporary
and permanent diversion at Chepe Khola, Intake structure at Chepe Khola, gravel
95
trap, approach conduit, desander, headrace pipe, surge tank, penstock pipe,
powerhouse and tailrace)
2. Breakdown of structures into a number of distinct construction tasks or

measurable pay items (overburden excavation, rock excavation, backfill,
structural concrete works etc.);
3. Estimation of the appropriate quantity of each item;
4. Identification of the borrow pits, quarries, stockpiling areas, dumping areas, haul
roads, etc.;
5. Establishing the required work sequence, construction methods and duration,

considering work interfaces, working area constraints and overall construction
schedule requirements;
6. Selection of the labor, construction equipment and materials required for

construction works;
7. Estimating the direct unit costs by using the cost of their combined resources
used and their expected production;
8. Establishment of the unit rate by adding contractor's overhead and profit of 15%
on direct unit cost. In some unit rate analysis, 5% have been added as
miscellaneous items to cover incidental cost which is difficult to identify at this
stage.
9. Calculation of the total direct cost using estimated quantities and the unit costs;
10. The total estimate also consist of indirect costs that includes engineering and
management services, cost for camps and facilities, cost of infrastructures etc.
The summation of direct and indirect costs gives the capital cost of the project.
11. The indirect costs are based on lump sum amounts or percentages of project base
cost.
Cost estimates are prepared in Nepali Rupees based on February 2018 cost levels. It has
been broken down in local and foreign currency components as per the involvement of
foreign and local human resources, material and equipment.
CAPITAL COST
Resource Costs
Labor Rates
The labor rates are based on district rates of Gorkha for different categories of workers for
the Nepali Fiscal Year of 2074/75. No adjustments to these rates have been made. It is also
assumed that all of the work force will be brought from urban centers of the country as well
as required labor available in site. The rate developed form part of local cost component.
96
Construction Equipment Rate
Equipment rates were derived from two sources. One source was from private and
government owned institutions (local contractor such as Himal Hydro, Department of
Roads, etc.). The second source is from completed or ongoing projects.
Construction Materials
The construction materials are categorized into two categories namely local construction
material and imported construction material. Local construction material includes sand,
aggregates, stones and boulders which are locally available. It has been assumed that most
of the civil construction materials, e.g. cement, steel, dowel bars, grouts and concrete
additives will be supplied from India or third country. Cost of such material brought in the
country from outside Nepal has been treated as foreign component.
Hydraulic Steel Structures and Other Embedded Parts
The costs of hydro-mechanical steel gates have been based on weight of gates, embedded
parts, supporting structure and capacity of hoist derived from empirical formulas based on
sizes of openings and hydraulic pressure. These costs have been compared with rates from
other ongoing projects as well as rate available from manufacturer. The cost of supply,
transport, erection and commissioning has been assessed separately.
Electro-mechanical Equipment
Electrical and mechanical equipment costs have been adopted from previous projects and
prevailing market rates. It is inclusive of mandatory spares, transportation and erection as
well as commission tests.
Civil works
Prior to the start of main hydropower works, some preliminary works on the site are foreseen
to be carried out. These include the construction of access road / rope way to headworks
with necessary protection works.
Switchyard and Transmission Lines
The cost of switch yard has been estimated and transmission lines cost has been adopted
from previous projects and prevailing market rates. It is inclusive of survey, construction,
tower erection and cable hoisting. It also includes transportation and commissioning tests.
Unit Direct Cost
Unit direct cost is the sum of labor cost, material cost and equipment cost of an item.
Indirect Costs and Contractor's Overheads
Indirect costs include the following items:
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Physical contingencies
The established costs include contingencies that allow for unforeseen increases that may
become necessary as more information is obtained and evaluated. In view of the extent of
investigations carried out to date, the present stage of designs and the cost analysis
performed, the following contingencies have been allowed:
For Civil Works 10 %
Electro-mechanical 5%
Hydro mechanical 5%
Transmission 5%
Engineering and Management Services
The engineering and management services cost is assumed 3 % .This is allowed to cover the
following items of work:
 Further investigations;
 Model testing;
 Evaluation of tenders;
 Supervision of construction, testing and commissioning;
 Management of Procurement;
 Administration of Construction Contracts;
 Measuring the work;
 Reviewing and approving the contractors’ submittals;
Environmental Mitigation and Management Cost
The environmental mitigation and management cost is assumed to be 0.5 % which has been
set aside in this level to implement the environmental mitigation measures.
Land Acquisition and Settlement
A sum of ten million Nepali Rupees (NPR 10,000,000) has been set aside for temporary and
permanent land acquisition. Permanent land acquisitions include land for permanent works
(including Engineer’s camp), quarries and spoil dumps. Land for equipment yard, camp for
contractors, aggregate stockpile, linking tracks etc. are to be hired for use and as such
acquisitions will be of temporary nature.
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Contractor's Overhead
For most international contracts, the Contractor’s Overhead is taken as 15 % to cover bonds
and insurance (6 %), home office overhead (3 %), risk (10 %), profit (10 %) and taxes and
duties (1 %). This same norm has been taken over for this project as well.
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST
The quantity of each project components is determined based on the dimension calculated
through conceptual design of respective project structures. The detail cost estimate of each
component in a structure is provided in Appendices, Volume II of this report. The cost
summary of the project is presented as follows:
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Custom Duty
Contingency
Contingency
Total Cost
Cost with
S. N. Description Base Cost VAT/ Tax
VAT, 2018
in ‘000 NRs % Amount Amount in ‘000 NRs in ‘000 NRs in ‘000 NRs
DEVELOPMENT,
A
INFRASTRUCTURE & LOGISTICS
1 Development Cost 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00
2 Access Road 30,000.00 30,000.00 3,900.00 33,900.00
3 Ropeway for Transportation 97,500.00 97,500.00 12,675.00 110,175.00
3 Camping Facilities 50,000.00 50,000.00 6,500.00 56,500.00
4 Camp House In Rent 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00
5 Vehicles 18,000.00 18,000.00 18,000.00
6 Land procurement and lease 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
7 Main Civil Contractor Mobilization 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
8 Logistics and office equipments 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00
Sub Total of A 326,700.00 326,700.00 23,075.00 349,775.00
B CIVIL WORKS
1 River Diversion (Coffer Dam) 1,000.00
2 Diversion Weir and Undersluice 9,016.59
3 Intake and Gravel Trap 5,727.54
4 Desander/Spillway 22,350.70
5 Headrace Pipe and Project Road 72,584.60
6 Surge Shaft 15,011.00
7 Penstock Alignment 187,392.40
8 Powerhouse 48,943.31
9 Tailrace and River Training Structure 1,405.42
10 Switchyard Civil Works 5,000.00
Sub Total of B 368,431.56 10% 36,843.16 405,274.72 52,685.71 457,960.43
C HYDRO MECHANICAL WORKS
Trashracks, Stoplogs and Gates all
21,044.00 273.57
Complete
100
Custom Duty
Contingency
Contingency
Total Cost
Cost with
S. N. Description Base Cost VAT/ Tax
VAT, 2018
in ‘000 NRs % Amount Amount in ‘000 NRs in ‘000 NRs in ‘000 NRs
Headrace Pipe, Surge Shaft Pipe and
271,530.00 3,529.89
Penstock
Sub Total of C 292,574.00 5.0% 14,628.70 307,202.70 3,803.46 311,006.16
ELECTROMECHCANICAL
D
EQUIPMENTS
Cost of Electromechanical Component all
1 223,885.42 1,773.74 2,910.51
Complete
Sub Total of D 223,885.42 5.0% 11,194.27 1,773.74 236,853.44 2,910.51 239,763.95
33 KV DOUBLE CIRCUIT
E
TRANSMISSION LINE
Cost for 33 KV double Circuit
1 76,255.62
Transmission Line all Complete
Sub Total of E 76,255.62 5.0% 3,812.78 80,068.40 10,408.89 90,477.29
SUB-TOTAL A-E 1,287,846.61 66,478.91 1,356,099.26 92,883.58 1,448,982.84
ENGINEERING, PROJECT
F
MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONS
Engineering, Supervision & Management
1 3.0% 43,469.49
cost
2 Environmental Mitigation Cost 0.5% 7,244.91
3 Misc Cost 2.0% 28,979.66
Sub Total of F 5.5% 79,694.06 79,694.06
BASE CONSTRUCTION COST 1,435,793.31 92,883.58 1,528,676.89
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PROJECT EVALUATION
THE PROJECT
The project is proposed as a run of the river (RoR) plant. The power plant will have a mean
annual energy production 55.36 of GWh of which 18.63 GWh is considered as Dry Energy
and 36.73 GWh as a wet energy.
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The ultimate aim of the Project is to ascertain financial viability of the project under
consideration, for the project to be viable benefits generated by it should outweigh its
corresponding cost. The present methodology adopted for the project is the traditional
practice in project analysis, where benefits and cost streams are first estimated on a common
market price and then compared with each other.
The standard indicators of financial viability namely: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal
Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Pay Back period, and Debt Service
Coverage Ratio (DSCR) are calculated to test the financial viability of the project.
KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Following key assumptions are made for the financial analysis of the project:
The project is implemented based on a BOOT arrangement with the concession held by the
developer for 30 years of commercial operation period, after which the project will be
handed over to the Government as per contract agreement.
1. The construction period is assumed to be 30 months. The actual construction of the

hydroelectric components starts in the mid of 2019 and generation of electricity
starts after 30 months.
2. The project funding is planned assuming the equity share (30% of the total cost) and
through loans (70% of the total cost) from a commercial bank or a group of
commercial banks or other financial agencies.
3. The loan is to be repaid over 10 years including construction period at an interest

rate of 12% on the outstanding balance.
4. The financial opportunity cost of capital (FOCC) is 10% per annum, which
represents the lending rates of commercial banks. The reference discount rate or
opportunity cost of capital is used to compare future costs and benefits in terms of
today’s currency values.
5. The energy price at commercial operation date is considered as NPR 8.40 /kWh for
dry season and NPR 4.80/kWh for wet season with annual escalation of 3% up to 8
times with upper limit of 5.95 NPR/kWh for wet season and 10.42/kWh for dry
season.
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COST COMPONENT FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Total Project Cost
The total Project cost is based on the least cost project that meets the design capacity
requirements. The base cost of project includes the access road, transmission line and sub-
stations as well. Other project cost includes financing cost and Interest during construction.
Details of cost breakdown for main components are shown in Table 12-1.
Table 12-1: Total Project Cost
S.No. Description Amount (NPR)
1 Total Project Cost Excluding IDC 1,543,963,662
2 Financing Cost during construction @1.0% 15,286,769
3 Interest During Construction 168,447,758
4 Total Project Cost Including IDC 1,712,411,420
Financial Structure
The equity share in private hydropower would normally be in the range of 20 to 40%. This
norm has become a standard for the industry. Hence, 30% of the estimated cost is assumed
to be financed through equity shares from the developer. The remaining 70% is assumed to
be financed through a long-term loan from a commercial bank or a group of banks resulting
an equity debt ratio of 30:70. Financial plan is shown in Table 12-2.
Table 12-2: Financial Structure of Cost Distribution
Financial Structure Amount (NPR in millions)

Long Term Loan @ 70 % of Total Cost 1,198.69
Equity @ 30% of Total Cost 513.72
Total 1,712.41
Interest on Term Loan
Interest on term loan is 12% per annum compounded quarterly. A total of 30 month is
assumed as grace period for construction based on the investment plan of consecutive years.
Over the grace period the interest will be capitalized and added to the loan. From the
beginning of operation the project will have to pay a fixed sum per annum over a period of
10 years.
Operation and Maintenance cost
Considering the operation, maintenance and administrative expenses, for this range of
project, a sum of NPR 30.57 million has been set aside annually, the expenses is assumed
to be escalated by 3 % annually to eliminate the price distortions.
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Insurance cost
This cost covers the insurance of civil and electromechanical components during the
operation phase of the plant which is assumed to NPR 5.40 million with an escalation of 3
% per year to eliminate the price distortion.
Royalty
Royalty may be levied in several ways, sometimes in the form of water charges but most
often it is based on a percentage of revenue from the sale of energy. A common feature is a
lower level of royalties in the early years after commissioning when the debt burden is at its
highest. In case of DCHP for Domestic Consumption in Nepal, the royalty on energy sales
and the capacity royalties are applicable according to the Electricity Act 2049 which
prescribes an escalation of royalty over time. The royalty consists of two components;
energy charge and capacity charge. Both charges are low during the first 15 years of
operation, with a significant increase thereafter. The royalty charge for above project is
shown in Table 12-3:
Table 12-3: Annual Royalties for NLHPP

Domestic
Particular Units Remarks
Consumption
Energy Royalty % of Tariff/kWh 2
Up to 15 Years
from COD Capacity royalty,
NPR/kW/Year 100
Per KW
Energy Royalty % of Tariff/kWh 10
After15 years from
the Date of COD Capacity royalty, NPR/kW/Year 1000
Per KW
Conditions on long term Loan
The Long term loan is assumed to carry an annual interest rate of 12 percent with 10 years
of repayment period following project completion.
Electromechanical Replacement Cost
Generally an electro-mechanical component of a Hydro Electric Project is needed to be

replaced after some years of operation due to wear and tear. In the present study the
replacement of the components are foreseen at every 15 years. Hence, the financial
replacement cost of electro-mechanical equipment is estimated as NPR 47.95 million which
is 20% of EM cost.
Depreciation
The annual depreciation is estimated by straight line method of depreciation, since the
capital cost amortization term is taken to be 30 years. The value of annual depreciation is
estimated to be NPR 30.57 million.
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Financing fee
The financing fee payable to financial institution is assumed to be 1% of total project cost
as a part of loan processing fee which forms a part of financing fee.
Bonus and Welfare fund
As per Section 15 of Electricity Act 2049, “Provision Relating to Residence and Bonus”
Electricity Rules, 2050 have made a provision for Bonus and Welfare fund to be allocated
as 2% on net profit after tax.
Income Tax
As per Concession provided by Government of Nepal for tax holidays, full Income Tax
waiver for a period of 10 (Ten) years from the Commercial Operation Date and thereafter,
50 percent of the tax to be waived for additional 5 (Five) years, however, provided that the
project reaches Commercial Operation Date before end of the year 2021. However, after
that the developer is liable to pay the income tax according to the general corporate law and
regulation of Nepal. It is normally calculated as a fixed percentage of table income defined
as the gross revenue less deductibles such as operating expenses, interest payments
and allowance for depreciation. The law and regulation prescribe an average of 20.0%
income tax to private hydropower developing companies after period of tax holiday.
REVENUE FROM THE PROJECT
The principal project benefit of a hydropower project is the estimated revenue that can be
expected from the operation of the project. The total installed capacity of the project is 8.8
MW. According to the technical evaluation the total annual net energy generation available
for sale to NEA grid will be 55.36 GWh resulting 18.63 GWh for dry season and 36.73
GWh for wet season.
RESULTS OF FINANCIAL EVALUATION
Six indicators of financial viability namely: Pay Back Period, Net Present Value (NPV),
Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/R), Debt Service Coverage Ratio
(DSCR) are calculated to test the viability of the project which are presented in Table 12-4.
Table 12-4: Characteristic Output Parameters of the Financial Evaluation

1. Payback Period Years 5.54
2. IRR % 20.39 %
3. NPV Million NPR 737.69
4. B/C ratio 1.47
5. DSCR(Maximum) 1.98
6. DSCR(Minimum) 1.43
7. DSCR(Average) 1.58
105
RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
To test the robustness of the project, financial evaluation is carried out for the different
scenario. The scenario looked in to the cost overrun, hydrological risk, market risk and other
quantifiable risk encountered during construction and operation.
Scenario with change in Project Cost
The most likely, parameter to be changed than planned is project capital cost. The change
may be in design, in unit rate assumed due to market fluctuations, distortion in price level
of local and foreign goods as well as uncertain inflation in market price due to country’s
economic condition. This risk is inevitable, and cannot be minimized in the full extent in
development projects. So to cater such risk sensitivity is carried out for a range of change
in project cost. The results are shown in Table 12-5:
Table 12-5: Results of Sensitivity with respect to Change in Project Cost
Project Cost
Financial Parameters
-5% Base Case 5% 10%
NPV, Million NPR. 815.68 737.69 659.71 581.72

IRR 22.05 % 20.39 % 18.88 % 17.49 %
B/C ratio 1.54 1.47 1.41 1.35
Scenario with change in Energy Generation
Hydrological uncertainties are the major risk of any hydropower projects, especially for run
of the river plants. So to minimize such risk, the financial indicators are analyzed up to the
10% decrease in Energy. The results are shown in Table 12-6:
Table 12-6: Results of Sensitivity with respect to Hydrological Risk
Energy Generation (Hydrological Risk)

Base Case -5% -10%
NPV, Million NPR 737.69 616.31 494.93
IRR 20.39 % 18.68 % 16.96 %
B/C ratio 1.47 1.40 1.33
Scenario with change in Discount Rate
In order to test the project for its financial viability different scenario is studied, out of which
investors required rate of return is one of them, which indicates the performance of variation
of discount rate with base case. The results of sensitivity analysis with change in discount
rate are presented in Table 12-7:
Table 12-7: Sensitivity with respect to Change in Discount Rate
106
Discount Rate
10% (Base) 11% 12%
NPV, Million NPR 737.69 599.41 483.69
IRR 20.39 % 20.39 % 20.39 %
B/C ratio 1.47 1.41 1.36
Scenario with change in Interest Rate
For execution of project, the bank charges Interest for the lending of amount during
construction, this loan amount interest is variable in due course of time, so to measure the
financial parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out, with increase of interest rate as well
as decrease of interest rate. The financial indicator for different interest rate is depicted in
Table 12-8:
Table 12-8: Sensitivity with respect to Change in Interest Rate
Interest Rate
12%(Base Case) 13% 14%
NPV, Million NPR 737.69 687.60 636.65
IRR 20.39 % 19.40 % 18.44 %
B/C ratio 1.47 1.43 1.40
CONCLUSION
In base case and in sensitivity analysis mentioned above, the project is financially viable
and is recommended to implement.
107
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the feasibility level analysis and power evacuation options available, the project
capacity of 8.8 MW has been fixed as the installed capacity which is one of the best installed
capacity at this level of study which can return best on its investment. Following conclusions
and recommendations are drawn from the study of this project.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The 8.8 MW Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Project is technically feasible and

possess the importance in the INPS system by adding energy to the grid (although a
small fraction) in this time
2. With the rated net head of 851.42 m and design discharge of 1.26 cumecs, the project
will have installed capacity of 8.8 MW and generate 55.36 GWh net energy annually.
3. The Project is financially viable with 8.8 MW installed capacity. Both base case as
well as most likely case by keeping cost 100% and energy reduce by 5% has been
observed during financial evaluation. The NPV at developers takes of the Project is
737.69 MNPR, IRR of the project is 20.39% and Benefit to cost ratio is 1.47 is
observed at base case scenario which are satisfactory in similar size of projects.
4. There is no conflict on water use and there are no any resettlement issues, only little
private land is required in access road and some length of water conveyance and
powerhouse area.
5. Geology of the project area has some steep slopes with landslide area. However they
can be made stable and favourable for construction hydropower components after
bio-engineering and river training works.
6. The Headworks diversion structures are designed for 100 years with free board.
Minor damages are expected during this flood.
7. To evacuate the generated power, 33 kV transmission line of 20 km in length is

proposed to connect with the proposed sub-station at Kritipur, Lamjung.
8. The construction period of two and half (2.5) years have been considered.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Cost reduction strategy should be applied during detail engineering design and
construction of project which could be possible by further optimizing the project
components and efficient management of construction activities. This will make
project more feasible and reduce risks from project cost increment.
2. Doodhpookhari Chepe Hydropower Project is recommended for implementation as

it is found feasible from technical, financial and environmental aspects.
3. Further geo-technical investigations need to be carried out in headworks, water

conveyance and powerhouse area during detail engineering design to ascertain
108
geological parameters like: to access geotechnical design parameters, slope stability
study, landslide stabilization measures, bearing capacity check, etc.
4. It is recommended for detail engineering design before the construction of project.
109

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Feasibility Study Report

DOODHPOKHARI CHEPE HYDROPOWER PROJECT

Doodhpokhari Chepe Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.

SALIENT FEATURES ................................................................................................................. X

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................XIV

Scopes of Work ................................................................................................................ 2

Organization of the Report............................................................................................. 3

Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................. 4

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA ............................................................................... 5

Project Location .............................................................................................................. 5

Physical Features ............................................................................................................. 5

Infrastructure Facilities .................................................................................................. 7

SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................... 8

Topographic Survey ........................................................................................................ 8

Objectives & Scope of Survey Work ......................................................................... 8

Information & Data .................................................................................................... 8

Detail Topographical Survey.......................................................................................... 9

The Survey Team ..................................................................................................... 10

The Survey Instruments ........................................................................................... 10

Final Coordinates ..................................................................................................... 11

Topographical Mapping ............................................................................................... 12

Hydrological Investigation ........................................................................................... 12

Findings and Remarks .................................................................................................. 13

HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES ............................................................................................ 15

Catchment Characteristics ........................................................................................... 15

Meteorological Information ......................................................................................... 18

4.1.1 Basin Rainfall........................................................................................................... 18

4.1.2 Reference Hydrology and Stream ............................................................................ 18

Mean monthly flow hydrograph .................................................................................. 19

Hydest Method ......................................................................................................... 19

DHM_2004 Method ................................................................................................. 19

MIP Method ............................................................................................................. 19

MHSP Method ......................................................................................................... 20

Catchment Area Ratio (CAR) .................................................................................. 20

Flow Duration Curves ................................................................................................... 22

Recommended mean monthly flow and flow duration curve ................................... 23

4.1.3 Recommendation ..................................................................................................... 25

Design Flow .................................................................................................................... 26

Flood Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 33

ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL STUDY ....................................................................... 35

Regional Geology ........................................................................................................... 35

Geology around Chepe Headworks Area.................................................................... 36

Settling Basin ................................................................................................................. 37

Engineering geological description along Penstock Pipe alignment ......................... 37

ALTERNATIVE STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION .......................................................... 39

Location of Headworks and Powerhouse ................................................................ 39

Left or Right Side of the River Valley ..................................................................... 41

Headrace Alignment: Canal or Pipe or Tunnel ........................................................ 41

Machine with Bypass/Pressure Release Valve or Surge Shaft ................................ 41

Power Evacuation facilities & Interconnection Voltage .......................................... 42

Options for Project Development ................................................................................ 43

Alternatives Selection .................................................................................................... 44

Capacity Optimization .................................................................................................. 44

PROJECT DESCRIPTION & DESIGN CONCEPTS ..................................................... 45

Project Layout & Design .............................................................................................. 45

General Arrangement ................................................................................................... 45

Functional &Hydraulic Design Criteria ................................................................... 47

Stability and Structural Criteria ............................................................................... 48

Civil Works Components.............................................................................................. 49

Gravel Trap & Side Spillway................................................................................... 49

Desander & Flushing Arrangement ......................................................................... 50

Approach Conduit and Headrace Pipe ..................................................................... 50

Penstock Pipe ........................................................................................................... 51