5G

5th-Generation Wireless Systems (abbreviated 5G) is the marketing term for

technologies that satisfy ITU IMT-2020 requirements[1][2] and 3GPP Release 15.[3]
Key features of 5G include high throughput, low latency, high mobility and high
connection density[4]. 5G will use additional spectrum in the existing LTE frequency
range (600 MHz to 6 GHz[5][6]) and new Millimeter wave bands (24-86 GHz),
which can support data rates of up to 20 gigabits per second (Gbit/s)[7]. 5G
infrastructure will use Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) to
significantly increase network capacity.[8][9]
5G logo
ITU has divided 5G network services into three categories: enhanced Mobile
Broadband (eMBB) or handsets, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications
(URLLC), which includes industrial applications and autonomous vehicles, and Massive Machineype
T Communications (MMTC) or
sensors[10] . Initial 5G deployments will focus on eMBB[11] and fixed wireless[12] , which makes use of many of the same capabilities
as eMBB.

Contents
Capabilities
Technology
New Radio
Frequency Range 1 (<6 GHz)
Frequency Range 2 (24-86 GHz)
"Massive" MIMO
Edge Computing
Deployment
Spectrum
Mobile Networks
5G Modems
5G Networks
United States
Convergence
Radio Convergence
See also
References
External links

Capabilities
In line with IMT-2020 specifications[13] , 5G is expected to provide enhanced device- and network-level capabilities, tightly coupled
with intended applications. The following eight parameters are key capabilities for 5G:
 Usage
Capability Description 5G Target
Scenario
Peak data rate Maximum achievable data rate 20 Gbit/s eMBB
User experienced data
Achievable data rate across coverage area 100 Mbit/s eMBB
rate
Latency Radio network contribution to packet travel time 1 ms URLLC
Mobility Maximum speed for handoff and QoS requirements 500 km/h eMBB/URLLC

Connection density Total number of devices per unit area 106/km2 MMTC

Data sent/received per unit energy consumption (by device Equal to

Energy efficiency eMBB
or network) 4G
Spectrum efficiency Throughput per wireless bandwidth and per network cell 3-4x 4G eMBB
10
Area traffic capacity Total traffic across coverage area eMBB
(Mbit/s)/m2

The goal of 5G is to provide user experience matching fixed networks via increased data rates, improved spectrum efficiency,
reduced latency and better mobility support. This will impact traditional device communications as well as enabling a vast network of
machine-to-machine communications without undue ener
gy consumption, network equipment cost or deployment cost.

Technology
There are multiple new technologies that will be incorporated into 5G to deliver IMT-2020 capabilities, such as new radio
specifications that include millimeter wave transmission, "massive" MIMO, edge computing, network virtualization and next
generation traffic protocols.[14]

New Radio
The air interface defined by 3GPP for 5G is known as New Radio (NR), and the specification is subdivided into two frequency bands,
FR1 (<6 GHz) and FR2 (mmWave)[15] , each with different capabilities.

Frequency Range 1 (<6 GHz)

The maximum channel bandwidth defined for FR1 is 100 MHz. Note that beginning with Release 10, LTE supports 100 MHz carrier
aggregation (five x 20 MHz channels.) Both FR1 and LTE support a maximum modulation format of 256-QAM, meaning 5G does
not achieve significant throughput improvements relative to T
LE in the sub-6 GHz bands without its own carrier aggregation.

Frequency Range 2 (24-86 GHz)

The maximum channel bandwidth defined for FR2 is 400 MHz, with two channel aggregation supported in 3GPP Release 15. The
maximum phy rate potentially supported by this configuration is approximately 40 Gbit/s.

"Massive" MIMO
The term “massive MIMO” was first coined by Nokia Bell Labs researcher Dr. Thomas L. Marzetta in 2010[16] . and has been
launched to a limited extent in 4G networks, such as Softbank in Japan[17] .Massive MIMO increases sector throughput and capacity
density using large numbers of antenna and Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)[18] . Each antenna is individually-controlled and may
[19] .
embed radio transceiver components.Nokia claims 5x capacity increase for a 64-Tx/64-Rx antenna system

Edge Computing
Deployment
Development of 5G is being led by companies[20] including Intel[21] and Qualcomm[22] for modem technology and Nokia[23] ,
Huawei[24] , Ericsson[25] , ZTE[26] and Samsung[27] for infrastructure.

Worldwide commercial launch is expected in 2020, and the first commercial network launch was by Qatar operator Ooredoo in May
2018.[28] [29] [30] Numerous operators have demonstrated 5G as well, including Korea Telecom for the 2018 Winter
Olympics.[31][32] In the United States, the four major carriers have all announced deployments: AT&T's[33] millimeter wave
commercial deployments in 2018, Verizon's 5G fixed wireless launches in four U.S. cities and millimeter-wave deployments[34] ,
Sprint's launch in the 2.5 GHz band and T-Mobile's 600 MHz 5G launch in 30 cities.[35] Vodafone performed the first UK trials in
April 2018 using mid-band spectrum,[36] and China Telecom's initial 5G buildout in 2018 will use mid-band spectrum as well.
[37]

Beyond mobile operator networks, 5G is also expected to be widely utilized for private networks with applications in industrial IoT,
enterprise networking and critical communications.

Spectrum
In order to support increased throughput requirements of 5G, large quantities of new spectrum have been allocated to 5G, particularly
in mmWave bands[38] . For example, in July 2016, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) freed up vast amounts of
bandwidth in underutilised high-band spectrum for 5G. The Spectrum Frontiers Proposal (SFP) doubled the amount of millimeter-
wave (mmWave) unlicensed spectrum to 14 GHz and created four times the amount of flexible, mobile-use spectrum the FCC had
licensed to date.[39] In March 2018, European Union lawmakers agreed to open up the 3.6 and 26 GHz bands by 2020.
[40]

Mobile Networks
Initial 5G launches in the sub-6 GHz band will not diverge architecturally from existing LTE 4G infrastructure. Deployments are
expected to follow a traditional macrocell model, while future millimeter wave deployments will proliferate small cells as a result of
[41] . Leading network equipment suppliers areNokia[23] , Huawei[24] and
higher capacity requirements and reduced propagation range
Ericsson[25] .

5G Modems
Traditional cellular modem suppliers have significant investment in the 5G modem market. Qualcomm announced its X50 5G
Modem in October 2016[42] , and in November 2017, Intel announced its XMM8000 series of 5G modems, including the XMM8060
modem, both of which have expected productization dates in 2019[43][44] . In February 2018, Huawei announced the Balong 5G01
terminal device[45] with an expected launch date for 5G-enabled mobile phones of 2018[46] and Mediatek announced its own 5G
solutions targeted at 2020 production.[47] Samsung is also working on the Exynos 5G modem, but has not announced a production
date.[48]

5G Networks
A variety of operators have announced 5G trials and network launches.

United States
US operators launch plans fall into two distinct categories: Fixed wireless and Mobile. Fixed wireless typically services residential
broadband customers with speeds in excess of 1 Gbit/s using mmWave bands. Mobile launch will use sub-6 GHz spectrum in
traditional LTE or newly-allocated bands with similar performance to LTE.
 Fixed Wireless Mobile
Launch Launch Launch
Operator Bands Launch Geographies Bands
Date Date Geographies
28/39 Trials: Austin, Waco, End Dallas, Waco, Atlanta
AT&T TBD[49] TBD[53]
GHz[50][51] South Bend, Kalamazoo 2018[52] (12 cities total)[54]
2H 3-5 cities including 1H
Verizon 28 GHz TBD[57] TBD
2018[55] Sacramento (2H18) 2019[56]
Atlanta, Chicago,
1H Dallas, Houston, Los
2.5
Sprint N/A N/A[58] Angeles, Washington,
2019[59] GHz
New York, Phoenix,
Kansas City

28/39 End Los Angeles, New

End 600
T-Mobile Trials: Bellevue, WA[61] York, Las Vegas,
2018 GHz[60] 2018[62] MHz
Dallas (30 cities total)
600
Dish Networks N/A N/A 2020[63]
MHz
Orlando, Reno,
Charter End Clarksville TN,
28 GHz[64]
Communications 2018 Columbus, Bakersfield
and Grand Rapids

Convergence
One perceived benefit of the transition to 5G is the convergence of multiple networking functions to achieve cost, power and
complexity reductions.

Radio Convergence
LTE has targeted convergence with Wi-Fi via various efforts, such as License Assisted Access (LAA) and LTE-WLAN Aggregation
(LWA), but the differing capabilities of cellular and Wi-Fi have limited the scope of convergence. However, significant improvement
in cellular performance specifications in 5G, combined with migration from Distributed Radio Access Network (D-RAN) to Cloud-
or Centralized-RAN (C-RAN) and rollout of cellular small cells can potentially narrow the gap between Wi-Fi and cellular networks
in dense and indoor deployments. Radio convergence could result in sharing ranging from aggregation of cellular and Wi-Fi channels
to the use of a single silicon device for multiple radio access technologies.

See also
List of mobile phone generations
Network simulation
5G NR frequency bands
List of 5G networks

References
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External links
5G Automotive Association
LTE-3GPP.info: online 5G messages decoder fully supporting 3GPP Rel.15

Preceded by
Mobile Telephony Generations Succeeded by
4th Generation (4G)

1. "5G" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5G&oldid=843493203)
. 29 May 2018 – via Wikipedia.
2. "UK government already investing in 6G networks, before 5G exists"(https://www.itproportal.com/2015/03/23/uk-gov
ernment-already-investing-6g-networks-5g-exists/)
.
3. Sputnik. "The Future is Now: China Announces Start of 6G Network echnology
T Development"(https://sputniknews.
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4. https://www.bestmobilephones.co.in/6g-mobile-phones-in-india-2018/

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