16th Amendment

The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an
income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.

17th Amendment
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the popular election of
United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the
Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures.

18th Amendment

The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution effectively established the
prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of
alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.

19th Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment (Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the
federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.

21st Amendment

The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16,
1919.

Alice Paul
Alice Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one
of the main leaders and strategists of the 1910s campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,
which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.

Booker T. Washington
Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and
advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the
African-American community.

Bull Moose Party

formally Progressive Party, U.S. dissident political faction that nominated former president Theodore Roosevelt as its
candidate in the presidential election of 1912; the formal name and general objectives of the party were revived 12
years later. Opposing the entrenched conservatism of the regular Republican Party.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act

law enacted in 1914 by the United States Congress to clarify and strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). The
vague language of the latter had provided large corporations with numerous loopholes, enabling them to engage in
certain restrictive business arrangements that, though not illegal per se, resulted in concentrations that had an adverse
g(x)= x^3 - 3effect on competition.

Direct Primary

A primary in which nominations of candidates for office are made by direct vote.

Federal Reserve Act

The Federal Reserve Act is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the
central banking system of the United States, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes and
Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender.

Federal Trade Commission

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in
1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act. Its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the
elimination and prevention of anticompetitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly.

Ida Tarbell

Ida Minerva Tarbell (November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944) was an American teacher, author and journalist. She was
one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is thought to have
pioneered investigative journalism

Income tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with their respective income or
profits (taxable income).

Initiative
In political science, an initiative (also known as a popular or citizens' initiative) is a means by which a petition
signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (referendum, sometimes called
a plebiscite).

Marcus Garvey
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr., ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940),[2] was a proponent of Black nationalism in
Jamaica and especially the United States. He was a leader of a mass movement called Pan-Africanism and he
founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL).
Federal Meat Inspection Act
The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1907 (FMIA) is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand
meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and
processed under sanitary conditions.
Muckrakers
Journalists who expose corruption in politics and big business

The National American Woman Suffrage Association

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was formed on February 18, 1890 to work for
women's suffrage in the United States. It was created by the merger of two existing organizations, the National
Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA).

New Nationalism

A Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 U.S. presidential election.

Political machine

A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of
a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers).

Prohibition

Prohibition is the illegality of the manufacturing, storage in barrels or bottles, transportation, sale, possession, and
consumption of alcohol including alcoholic beverages, or a period of time during which such illegality was
enforced.

Pure Food and Drug Act

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was
enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration.

Recall
To call back; summon to return.

Referendum
Is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. This may result in the
adoption of a new law.

Secret ballot
Is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum is anonymous, forestalling attempts
to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying.

Settlement House

The settlement movement was a reformist social movement, beginning in the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s in
England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an
interdependent community.

Social Gospel Movement

The Social Gospel was a Protestant movement that was most prominent in the early-20th-century United States and
Canada.

Square Deal

The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program. He explained in 1910
Suffrage Movement

The legal right of women to vote, was established over the course of several decades, first in various states
and localities, sometimes on a limited basis, and then nationally in 1920.

Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and
women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.

Temperance movement
The Temperance movement is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Temperance movements typically criticize alcohol intoxication, promote complete abstinence (teetotalism).

Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly one
hundred books and other works in several genres.

"W. E. B." Du Bois

William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois (/duːˈbɔɪs/ doo-BOYSS; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963)
was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in
Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community.

Woodrow Wilson: The "New Freedom"

The New Freedom has three meanings. This was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan in the 1912 election.
The first two comprise the campaign speeches and promises of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential
campaign calling for limited government, and Wilson's 1913 book of the same name.