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Raquel Almeida
Problema 2.10
1 1 1
EC = ⋅ J eq ⋅ θ 2 = ⋅ J C ⋅ θ 2 + ⋅ m ⋅ x 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 2
2 2 2
(
= ⋅ ⋅ mC ⋅ R 2 θ 2 + ⋅ m ⋅ R ⋅ θ )
1 1 1
= ⋅ ⋅ mC ⋅ R 2 + m ⋅ R 2 ⋅ θ 2 ⇒ J eq = ⋅ mC ⋅ R 2 + m ⋅ R 2
2 2 2
Método energético
d
Ec + E p = const ⇒
dt
( Ec + E p ) = 0
d d 1 1 1
( Ec + E p ) = 0 ⇔ ⋅ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ θ 2 + ⋅ ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ θ 2 = 0
dt 2 2
dt 2
1 1 1
⇔ ⋅ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ 2θθ + ⋅ ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ 2θθ =0
2 2 2
1
⇔ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ θ + ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ θ ⋅ θ = 0
2
1
⇔ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ θ + ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ θ = 0
2
J eq kt eq
kt eq K rc 2
ωn =
1
( rad s )
J eq mC R 2 + mR 2
2
Ec Max = E p Max
1 1 1
2 2
( )
⋅ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ θ 2
Max
=
2
⋅ ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ (θ 2 )
Max
Como:
θ = Θ cos (ωn t − φ ) ⇒ θ Max = Θ = amplitude
θ = −Θ ⋅ ωn sen (ωn t − φ ) ⇒ θMax = − Θ ⋅ ωn = velocidade
2 2
θ = −Θ ⋅ (ωn ) cos (ωn t − φ ) ⇒ θMax = − Θ ⋅ (ωn ) = aceleraçao
1 1 2 1 2 1 2
⋅ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ ( −ωn Θ ) = ⋅ ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ ( Θ ) ⇔ mC R 2 + mR 2 ⋅ (ωn ) Θ2 = ( K rc 2 ) ⋅ Θ 2
2 2 2 2
K rc 2
ωn =
1
( rad s )
mC R 2 + mR 2
2
R
C
θ
∑F y
= m x ⇔ T − mg = − m x
( ( ))
⇔ − m g − Rθ R + ( K (θ + θ 0 ) rc ) rc = − J Cθ
Quando a massa está na posição estática o momento devido ao peso da massa está em
equilíbrio com o momento provocado pela força de restituição da mola, ou seja
∑F y
= 0 ⇔ T0 − mg = 0 ∑M 0
= 0 ⇔ −T0 R + ( Ky0 ) rc = 0
⇔ T0 = mg ⇔ −T0 R + ( K (θ 0 rc ) ) rc = 0
⇔ K θ 0 rc 2 = T0 R
⇔ K θ 0 rc 2 = m g R
Elaborado por: Raquel Almeida(2007/2008) FCT-UNL Vibrações Mecânicas
6
Problema 2.10
y
Método do Equilíbrio de Forças e Momentos
Ky ∑M 0
= J Cθ ⇔ −T R + ( Ky ) rc = − J Cθ
rc 1
C
( ( ))
⇔ − m g − Rθ R + ( K (θ + θ 0 ) rc ) rc = − mC R 2 θ
2
R θ
( mc , J c ) 1
T ( ( ))
⇔ − m g − Rθ R + Krc 2θ + Kθ 0 rc 2 = − mC R 2 θ
2
T
1
⇔ −mgR + mR 2θ + Krc 2θ + Kθ 0 rc 2 = − mC R 2 θ
2
m
x
mg
como Kθ 0 rc 2 = mgR
1
⇔ −mgR + mR 2θ + Krc 2θ + mgR = − mC R 2 θ
2
1
⇔ mC R 2 θ + mR 2θ + Krc 2θ = 0
2
1
⇔ mC R 2 + mR 2 θ + Krc 2θ = 0
K rc 2 2
ωn =
1
( rad s )
mC R 2 + mR 2
2
Três molas e uma massa estão fixas por uma barra rígida e sem massa PQ,
como mostra a figura. Determine a frequência natural de vibração do sistema.
k2 keq1
x1 x2 x3 ⇔
k1
1 1 1
⋅ keq ⋅ x32 = ⋅ k1 ⋅ x12 + ⋅ k 2 ⋅ x2 2
2 1 2 2
2 2
1 l 1 l
= ⋅ k1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ x3 + ⋅ k 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x3
2 l3 2 l3
1 l1 l2 2
2 2
= ⋅ k1 ⋅ + k 2 ⋅ ⋅ x3
logo: 2 l3 l3
k1 ⋅ l12 + k2 ⋅ l2 2
keq 1 =
l3 2
keq1 keq1
⇔ ⇔
k3 k3
x1 x2 x3
1 1 1 1 1
TOTAL
= + = 2 2
+
x4 K eq K eq k3 k1 ⋅ l1 + k2 ⋅ l2 k3
1
2
l3
k1 ⋅ k3 ⋅ l12 + k2 ⋅ k3 ⋅ l2 2
K eqTOTAL =
k1 ⋅ l12 + k2 ⋅ l2 2 + k3 ⋅ l32
keq k1 ⋅ k3 ⋅ l12 + k2 ⋅ k3 ⋅ l2 2
ωn = ⇔ ωn =
meq ( k1 ⋅ l12 + k2 ⋅ l22 + k3 ⋅ l32 ) ⋅ m
logo:
k1 k2
Keq = k1 + k 2
Portanto e como:
3⋅ E ⋅ I
k eq =
l3
3 ⋅ E1 ⋅ I1 48 ⋅ E2 ⋅ I 2
K eq = +
l 13 l2 3
48 ⋅ E ⋅ I
k eq =
l3
m
M
meq = M + 0.23 ⋅ m
m M
meq = M + 0.5 ⋅ m
Daqui resulta:
meq = M + 0.23 ⋅ m1 + 0.5 ⋅ m2 Logo:
3 ⋅ E1 ⋅ I1 48 ⋅ E2 ⋅ I 2
+
Keq l13 l23
ωn = =
meq M + 0.23 ⋅ m1 + 0.5 ⋅ m2
PP P
meq = M + 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ m ⇔ meq = + 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ c
g g
3⋅ E ⋅ I Portanto:
keq =
h3
1
12 E I 2
K eq 12 E I
logo: Keq = k1 + k2 + k3 + k 4 ωn = = h3 ⇔ ωn = 3
meq Pp Pc × P + 4 × 0.23 × P
h
3⋅ E ⋅ I g
+4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅
g g ( p c )
= 4⋅
h3
Elaborado por: Raquel Almeida(2007/2008) FCT-UNL Vibrações Mecânicas
15
Problema 2.5
Massa Equivalente
PP P
meq = M + 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ m ⇔ meq = + 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ c
g g
12 E I
keq =
l3
logo:
12 E I
K eq = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 = 4 ⋅
h3
1
48 E I 2
K eq 48 E I
ωn = = h3 ⇔ ωn = 3 ( rad s )
meq Pp Pc ⋅ P +4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ P
h
g ( p c )
+ 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅
g g
Elaborado por: Raquel Almeida(2007/2008) FCT-UNL Vibrações Mecânicas
16
Problema 2.5
K eq 12 E I
ωn = = h3 ⇔ ωn = 3
Pp × ( Pp + 4 × 0.23 × Pc )
meq Pc h
+4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅
g g g
1
2
12 E I
3
h × P + 4 × 0.23 × P
ωn g
( p c)
ωn = 2π f ⇔ f = = ( Hz )
2π 2π
48 E I
1 3
48 E I 2
h ⋅ P +4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ P
K eq 48 E I g ( p c)
ωn = = h3 ⇔ ωn = 3 ( rad s ) ⇒ f = ( Hz )
Pp ⋅ ( Pp +4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ Pc )
meq Pc h 2π
+ 4 ⋅ 0.23 ⋅
g g g
1 1
⋅ meq ⋅ x 2 = ⋅ J1 ⋅ θ 2 (1)
2 2
x
No entanto: x = ( a + R) ⋅ θ ⇔ θ =
( a + R)
derivando resulta:
x
θ =
( a + R)
J1 = J 0 + m ⋅ d 2 Substituindo em (1):
1 1 1
= ⋅ m ⋅ R2 + m ⋅ R2 ⋅ meq ⋅ x 2 = ⋅ J1 ⋅ θ 2
2 2 2 logo:
2
3
= ⋅ m ⋅ R2
1 x 3mR2
= ⋅ J1 ⋅ meq =
2 2 a+R 2( a + R)
2
1 3 1
= ⋅ ⋅ m ⋅ R2 ⋅ 2
⋅ x2
2 2 (a + R)
Elaborado por: Raquel Almeida(2007/2008) FCT-UNL Vibrações Mecânicas
19
Problema 2.6
Portanto:
Keq = k1 + k2