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Specification for
Mixing valves —
Part 1: Non-thermostatic,
non-compensating mixing valves
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UDC 621.646.7:644.6:696.117
BS 1415-1:1976
Cooperating organizations
The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the
following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the
preparation of this British Standard.
© BSI 06-1999
First published, as BS 1415,
October 1947
First revision February 1955 Amendments issued since publication
Second revision March 1955
This revision, as BS 1415-1,
April 1976 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Section 1. General 1
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Nominal size 1
5 Marking 1
Section 2. Materials, design and construction 1
6 Materials 1
7 Castings 2
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8 Hot pressings 2
9 Connections 2
10 Plating 2
11 Method of operation 2
12 Flow rates 3
13 Test requirements 4
Appendix A Method for the determination of the rate of flow 5
Figure 1 — Flow rate test apparatus 3
Figure 2 — Details of pressure take-off tee 4
Table 1 — Flow rates for ½ mixing valves 3
Table 2 — Flow rates for ¾ mixing valves 3
Table 3 — Dimensions of pressure take-off tee 4
Publications referred to Inside back cover
© BSI 06-1999 i
BS 1415-1:1976
Foreword
This revised British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the
Sanitary Appliances Standards Committee. The purpose of the standard is to
provide basic requirements to ensure that the mixing valves operate satisfactorily
and to provide certain essential safeguards in their use. This Part of BS 1415
deals only with mixing valves of the manually operated type. Mixing valves of the
automatic compensating or thermostatic type will be dealt with in subsequent
Parts. Combined taps are dealt with in BS 1010.
It is emphasized particularly that mixing valves of the type described in this Part
of this British Standard shall be installed in such a manner that both hot and cold
supplies are from storage, or from a common source on balanced pressures. This
is essential in order to comply with Byelaw 47 of the Model Water Byelaws (1966
edition) and Byelaw 51 of the Model Water Byelaws (Scotland) (1967 edition).
Furthermore, unless both the hot and cold waters are supplied at equalized
pressures, satisfactory operation may be impracticable and there may be some
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risk of scalding.
Where the valve does not incorporate a shut-off facility, it is essential that the
Water Authority shall be consulted as to its requirements for the prevention of
cross flow.
The hot or cold water circuit should be designed so that its supply to other
apparatus does not reduce appreciably the pressure and volume available at the
inlets of the mixing valve.
Terminal fittings fed by the mixing valve, e.g. shower rose or nozzle, have an
important effect upon the performance of the installation and will usually govern
the size of mixing valve to be used. Purchasers are advised to provide
manufacturers with the fullest information regarding the operating conditions so
that the most appropriate designs may be offered for any particular application.
Attention is drawn to the recommendations of the following British Standard
codes of practice:
a) clause 320 a) of CP 310:1965 which states that the connection of the feed
pipe (or the cistern) to the cylinder should be not less than 12 mm (½ in) higher
than the connection for the cold water draw-off pipe, and
b) clause 3 of CP 342-1:1970, which recommends that, in general, the
temperature of the stored water should not exceed 65 °C and that a stored
water temperature of 60 °C is considered sufficient to meet all normal
requirements.
In specifying the minimum flow rates for mixing valves, cognizance has been
taken of the fact that:
1) the water pressure available at the inlets of the valve will vary from
installation to installation,
2) the hydraulic properties of shower heads vary, and
3) the rate of discharge from a shower fitting which is considered satisfactory
depends upon the individual requirements.
Three categories of minimum flow rates for each size of mixing valve are specified
so that the purchaser can select the valve most appropriate to his needs and the
conditions of installation.
Values given in Table 1 and Table 2 are flow requirements against a set pressure
when tested in the manner shown in Figure 1, and do not indicate the quantity of
water which may issue from a spray head attachment when in use.
This standard has been revised in metric terms, except that pipe thread
designations are in accordance with BS 2779.
ii © BSI 06-1999
BS 1415-1:1976
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
iv
blank
BS 1415-1:1976
The titles of the standards publications referred to requirements of this Part of this British Standard
in this standard are listed on the inside of the back shall be legibly and, in the case of a) and b),
cover. permanently marked with the following
information:
3 Definitions a) Manufacturer’s name or identification mark.
For the purposes of this Part of the British b) The number and Part of this British Standard
Standard, the following definitions apply. including the series number (see 12.2)
e.g. BS 1415-1/80.
3.1
single sequential control mixing valve c) The inlets shall be marked “hot” or “cold”. This
identification shall be legible but need not be
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water permanent.
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a
specially formed chamber and thence delivered Section 2. Materials, design and
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the
mixed water being governed through a nominal
construction
range in a predetermined sequence by the manual
operation of a single control, which may also have a
6 Materials
shut-off feature 6.1 General. The body of mixing valves shall be of
3.2 brass, gunmetal, or other equally suitable corrosion
twin (or dual) control mixing valve resisting copper alloy.
Components not in contact with the water
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water
(e.g. handles, trim, etc.) shall be made from
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a
corrosion resisting copper alloys, stainless steel, or
specially formed chamber and thence delivered
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the suitable plastics materials.
mixed water being governed independently by the Components in contact with the water (e.g. valve
manual operation of one of the controls, and the units) shall be made from copper alloy, stainless
volume/shut-off being independently governed by steel, ceramic material polished to 0.0006 mm or, if
the manual operation of the other control readily replaceable, from acetal copolymer or other
equally suitable engineering polymers.
3.3
single control-twin (or dual) function mixing Materials used for components in contact with the
valve supply water including “O” rings, gland packings,
seat washers, and lubricants used in the
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water construction shall not constitute a toxic hazard and
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a shall not foster microbiological growth or give rise to
specially formed chamber and thence delivered taste, odour, cloudiness or discolouration of the
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the water.
mixed water being governed independently by the
manual operation of the single control in one mode,
and the volume/shut-off being independently
governed by the manual operation of the same
control in an alternative mode
© BSI 06-1999 1
BS 1415-1:1976
6.2 Chemical composition. The chemical Where union connections are provided they shall be
composition of the various alloys shall be not less of the flat faced type.
suitable than those specified in the following British Other types of end are not precluded and, where
Standards. relevant British Standards exist, their
a) Brass (cast) excluding diecastings, for bodies requirements shall be complied with.
and components: Grades SCB1 or SCB3 of
BS 1400. 10 Plating
b) Brass gravity diecastings for bodies and Before a mixing valve is plated, non-metallic
components. Grade DCB3 of BS 1400. components shall be removed from the fitting unless
c) Brass pressure diecastings for bodies and they are of a material unaffected by the plating
components: Grade PCB1 of BS 1400 process. The gland packing shall, as far as is
d) Gunmetal (cast) for bodies and components: practicable, be protected from the plating solution.
Grades LG1 or LG2 of BS 1400. The plating when applied shall comply with the
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e) Brass for hot pressings for bodies and requirements of service condition no. 2,
components: Grade CZ122 of BS 2872. classification no.Cu/Ni 10b Cr r of BS 1224:1970.
f) Brass rod for spindles, glands, crutches, washer 11 Method of operation
plates, nuts, etc. Grades CZ121 or DD18 of
BS 2874. Mixing valves complying with this Part of this
g) Phosphor bronze for circlips: Grade PB102 of standard shall have one of the following three modes
of operation.
BS 2874.
a) Sequential.
h) Stainless steel for circlips and components:
Grades 302S25, 304S15 or 303S21 of BS 970-4. off or shut
i) Rubber for washers in accordance with clause 6 cold
of BS 3457:1973. warm or tepid
k) Toroidal sealing rings (“O” rings) shall comply hot
dimensionally with the requirements of BS 1806 This sequence shall be clearly indicated. An
or BS 4518 and also with the requirements of arrow may be used, if desired, to indicate
Appendix A of BS 1010-2:1973. increase in temperature.
l) Vulcanized fibre shall comply with the It is recommended that the operation of the valve
requirements of BS 1737 and/or BS 3964 in all by rotation shall be clockwise for closing.
except electrical requirements.
b) Twin control. There shall be one handle to
7 Castings control the volume/shut-off function and a second
handle to control the temperature of the mixed
All castings shall be in all respects sound and good, water. The operational directions of these
free from laps, blowholes and pitting and both the handles, for volume/shut-off and for temperature
internal and external surfaces shall be clean, control, shall be clearly indicated.
smooth and free from sand and neatly dressed.
c) Single handle control. This controls both the
Castings shall not be burned, plugged, stopped or
volume/shut-off function and also the
patched. temperature. The operational direction shall be
clearly indicated. Colour coding where this is
8 Hot pressings used shall preferably be red for hot and blue for
All hot-pressed components shall be sound and solid cold.
without lamination and shall be smooth and well The design of the above three types shall be such
finished and shall comply with the requirements of that, when the valve is in the “off” or “shut”
BS 3885. position, the hot and cold supplies are completely
isolated from each other.
9 Connections
Unless the purchaser specifies otherwise, the
threading on inlet and outlet connections shall
comply with the requirements of BS 21 or BS 2779
(at the manufacturer’s option).
2 © BSI 06-1999
BS 1415-1:1976
NOTE The drawing is diagrammatic only. (For details of item 4 see Figure 2.)
Figure 1 — Flow rate test apparatus
© BSI 06-1999 3
BS 1415-1:1976
12.3 Flow rate test. When tested as specified in In addition, every mixing valve when assembled and
Appendix A, ½ mixing valves and ¾ mixing valves in the open position with the outlet sealed shall be
shall discharge water at not less than the rates of capable of withstanding an internally applied
flow specified in Table 1 and Table 2. hydraulic pressure of 5 bar or an internally applied
pneumatic pressure of not less than 1 bar.
13 Test requirements The inlets and outlets of all mixing valves, bent or
Every mixing valve, when assembled and in the straight tailpipes, and unions, shall have
closed position, shall be capable of withstanding an squared-up faces at the ends to facilitate testing
internally applied hydraulic pressure of not less under pressure.
than 20 bar2) for a duration of 60 s without leakage
or an internally applied pneumatic pressure of not
less than 5 bar for a duration of 20 s without
leakage with the valve completely immersed in
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water.
4 © BSI 06-1999
BS 1415-1:1976
Appendix A Method for the A.2.7 A length of copper tube, in accordance with
determination of the rate of flow Table X of BS 2871-1:1971, to be connected to the
outlet of the mixing valve under test, having the
A.1 Object The flow rate test is for the purpose of following features:
ensuring that the mixing valve under test delivers a) the length dimensions as shown in Figure 1;
water at a minimum rate in accordance with b) external diameter and thickness:
Table 1 or Table 2
15 × 0.7 mm for ½ mixing valves
A.2 Apparatus. The following apparatus is
required. 22 × 0.9 mm for ¾ mixing valves;
A.2.1 A cold water supply system consisting of a c) radius of curve in bends (R) to the centre line
water supply at the pressure specified in Table 1 equal to 60 ± 10 mm for ½ mixing valves
and Table 2 from a pipe capable of delivering a and 85 ± 10 mm for ¾ mixing valves.
quantity of water of at least 50 % in excess of the A.3 Procedure
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maximum flow rate of the mixing valve under test A.3.1 Connect test apparatus as shown in Figure 1
when the outlet of the supply pipe is open to to the cold water supply.
atmosphere. The test circuit shall be as shown in
A.3.2 Connect the valve to be tested to the test
Figure 1 and Figure 2.
apparatus as shown in Figure 1.
A.2.2 Two pressure gauges (manometers), graduated
A.3.3 Take out any removable restrictors or
with a suitable scale and having an accuracy anti-splash devices from the mixing valve.
of ± 2 %, at the test pressure. A suitable scale is one
indicating one thousandths of a bar.3) A.3.4 Open the test mixing valve and adjust the
control handle ensuring an approximately equal
A.2.3 Two flow meters (or other means of measuring
flow and pressure on both sides. Adjust water
flow) graduated with a suitable scale and having an
supply until the pressure gauge (manometer)
accuracy of ± 2 % of the test flow rate. A suitable
indicates required test pressure. Record the rate of
scale is one indicating one hundredths of a litre per flow in litres per second.
second.
A.3.5 Open the mixing valve to obtain full flow
A.2.4 Two pressure take-off tees suitable for 15 mm
through the cold water ports, i.e. minimum, or no
tube for ½ mixing valves and two pressure take-off
hot water flow. Adjust the water supply so that the
tees suitable for 22 mm tube for ¾ mixing valves.
pressure gauge (manometer) indicates the required
(See Figure 2 and Table 3.)
test pressure. Record the rate of flow in litres per
A.2.5 Two 15 mm control valves (capable of fine second on the cold side.
regulation) for ½ mixing valves and two 22 mm A.3.6 Open the mixing valve to obtain full flow
control valves (capable of fine regulation) for ¾
through the hot water ports, i.e. minimum, or no
mixing valves.
cold water flow. Adjust the water supply so that the
A.2.6 Two lengths of copper tube, in accordance with pressure gauge (manometer) indicates the required
Table X of BS 2871-1:1971, to be connected to the test pressure. Record the rate of flow in litres per
inlets of the mixing valve under test, having the second on the hot side.
following features:
a) the length dimensions as shown in Figure 1;
b) external diameter and thickness:
15 × 0.7 mm for ½ mixing valves
22 × 0.9 mm for ¾ mixing valves;
c) radius of curve in bends (R) to the centre line
equal to 60 ± 10 mm for ½ mixing valves
and 85 ± 10 mm for ¾ mixing valves.
© BSI 06-1999 5
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6blank
BS 1415-1:1976
Publications referred to
BS 21, Pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads.
BS 864, Capillary and compression tube fittings of copper and copper alloy.
BS 864-2, Metric units.
BS 970, Wrought steels in the form of blooms, billets, bars and forgings.
BS 970-4, Stainless, heat resisting and valve steels.
BS 1010, Draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services (screwdown pattern).
BS 1010-1, Imperial units.
BS 1010-2, Draw-off taps and above-ground stopvalves.
BS 1224, Electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium.
BS 1400, Copper alloy ingots and copper and copper alloy castings.
BS 1737, Jointing materials and compounds for water, town gas and low-pressure steam installations.
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BS 1806, Dimensions of toroidal sealing rings (“O” seals and their housings).
BS 2779, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads.
BS 2871, Copper and copper alloys, tubes.
BS 2871-1, Copper tubes for water, gas and sanitation.
BS 2872, Copper and copper alloys. Forging stock and forgings.
BS 2874, Copper and copper alloys. Rods and sections (other than forging stock).
BS 3457, Materials for water tap and stopvalve seat washers.
BS 3885, Tolerances for hot brass stampings.
BS 3964, Flexible vulcanized fibre sheets.
BS 4518, Metric dimensions of toroidal sealing rings (“O”-rings and their housings.
© BSI 06-1999
BS 1415-1:
1976
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