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TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
The following pages deal with the transverse analysis of the PSC Box Superstructure
In the transverse direction , the box girder has been analysed as RCC section. The box has been
analysed for transverse bending using plane frame analysis of the box frame by considering its unit
width. The box frame used for analysis along with the support condition is as given below.
hinge roller
The overall width of the box is 12m with a carraigeway width of 9 m with 0.5m railing, 1.5m footpath
and two end crash barriers
The box frame is analysed with STAAD Pro. Dead load is applied using the self wt command of STAAD
pro.. Live load is moved between face of crash barriers with specified clearances (as per IRC codes)
and corresponding maximum moments are calculated.
Differential temperature variation across the depth produces axial forces in the deck and the soffit.
These introduce secondary moments in the frame structure.
IDEALIZATION OF THE FRAMED STRUCTURE
The cross-section details of the box is given below along with the node nos and member nos of the
idealized frame structure.
Member Properties
SIDL Analysis
The following are the various superimposed loads
Crash barrier load 0.75 t/m
Wearing course load 0.2 t/m2
Live load is moved between face of crash barrier with specified clearances (as per IRC codes). Each of
the above cases is shifted by 0.1m to generate one load case.The vehicle is shifted until all possible
positions of the vehicles in the transverse direction are analysed. To get the effect of two trains placed
tranversely all possible load combination placed beyond the minimum spacing are added to get the
most adverse effect.
For these vehicle the effective width of distribution due to each wheel at every location is calculated as
per clause B3.2 of IRC 112: 2011. In case of overlap of the effective width the resultant effective width
for the two loads is taken . Dispersion along the span is taken equal to the dimension of the tyre contact
area plus twice the overall depth of the slab inclusive of the thickness of the wearing course. Based on
the effective width the concentrated wheel load is converted to uniformly distributed load and applied on
the effected members
TEMPERATURE VARIATION FORCES
The temperature gradient diagram for rise and fall case is shown below :
Tempreture Rise
o o
17.80 C -10.60 C
250 150
200 250
o
4.00 C -0.7
o
C
3.6
250 200
-0.8
150
o
2.1 C -6.60
2
E = 3.568E+06 t/m
.
0
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 1.20E-05 / C
for Concrete
Soffit Member
Member Thickness Stress 5 Stress 4 F3cg Ecc
2 2 F3 (t)
No (mm) (t/m ) (t/m ) (m) (m)
1004 450 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.18
1005 375 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.14
1006 300 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.1
1007 300 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.1
1008 375 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.14
1009 450 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.18
Stress 4
F3
Stress 5 F3cg
Stress 4
F4
F4cg Stress 5
T3
F3
F3cg Stress 6
LIVE LOAD GENERATION
INPUT FILE
SPAN 58
NO OF COORDINATE 17
JOINT MEMBER
JOINT NO MEMBER NO
COORDINATES THICKNESS
1 1 0.000 0.200
2 2 0.250 0.200
3 3 1.500 0.270
4 4 3.000 0.340
5 5 3.111 0.370
6 6 3.383 0.325
7 7 4.083 0.250
8 8 6.300 0.250
9 9 8.516 0.325
10 10 9.217 0.370
11 11 9.489 0.340
12 12 9.600 0.270
13 13 11.100 0.200
14 14 11.750 0.200
15 12.000 0.200
NO OF SUPPORT 2 NO OF SPAN 3
JOINT SPAN
JOINT NO SPAN NO TYPE
COORDINATE LENGTH
5 3.111 1 3.383 0
11 9.489 2 6.217 2
3 3.383 0
WEARING THICKNESS 0.065
NO OF LOAD TYPE 4
LOAD TYPE 1 1LCLA
NO OF WHEELS 2
START POSITION 0.85
INCREMENTS 0.1
NO OF GENERATION 89
IMPACT FACTOR 0.48 0.37 0.48
tm tm tm tm tm tm tm
3 1 2.55 1 2.55 - 0.00 2.55 - 0.00 - 0.00 206 0.10
4 1 11.82 1 11.82 - 0.00 11.82 90 6.47 148 5.61 206 7.96
6 5 6.92 5 6.92 40 3.90 10.81 95 7.70 150 7.26 234 10.14
7 1 4.90 1 4.90 50 1.64 6.54 95 3.33 149 2.74 242 4.23
8 1 0.61 1 0.61 89 0.54 1.15 90 -0.33 148 -0.29 206 -0.36
1001 1 6.20 1 6.20 88 4.72 10.92 147 1.34 205 1.01 206 -0.65
1002 5 6.63 5 6.63 - 0.00 6.63 95 4.46 149 4.51 206 3.76
1004 5 6.86 5 6.86 51 0.41 7.27 95 5.47 150 5.43 206 4.21
1005 5 5.97 5 5.97 51 0.41 6.37 95 4.82 150 4.77 206 3.68
1007 88 5.96 41 0.41 88 5.96 6.37 145 4.57 205 3.89 263 2.32
DESIGN MOMENTS - Hogging
Support
Start of Support Haunch Web Soffit Soffit Soffit mid
Section cantilver Mid span Web top
Haunch span side end bottom edge haunch span
side
DL 0.56 2.45 2.25 1.01 0.93 0.00 1.48 1.58 1.03 0.94
SIDL 0.94 2.06 0.31 0.28 0.28 1.66 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
WC 0.10 0.62 0.68 0.30 0.27 0.00 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.10
Utilities 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FPLL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plan bending 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Rise 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.54 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Fall 0.00 0.00 2.16 2.16 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Live Load 2.55 11.82 10.81 6.54 1.15 10.92 6.63 7.27 6.37 6.37
tm tm tm tm tm tm tm
3 14 0.00 14 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
4 27 0.00 27 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
6 88 -5.34 88 -5.34 - 0.00 -5.34 147 -1.77 205 -1.43 263 1.17
7 88 -3.96 88 -3.96 - 0.00 -3.96 145 -1.53 205 -1.25 263 0.48
8 41 -2.35 33 -1.89 68 -0.96 -2.85 127 -3.58 178 -3.98 232 -6.08
1001 34 -4.72 24 -4.59 59 -2.59 -7.17 108 -7.40 165 -7.53 232 -11.69
1002 88 -6.24 39 -0.26 88 -6.24 -6.50 145 -4.31 205 -3.60 263 -1.94
1004 88 -7.50 88 -7.50 - 0.00 -7.50 145 -4.89 205 -4.09 263 -1.92
1005 88 -6.61 88 -6.61 - 0.00 -6.61 145 -4.27 205 -3.56 263 -1.64
1007 5 -6.61 5 -6.61 - 0.00 -6.61 95 -4.46 149 -4.53 206 -3.73
DESIGN MOMENTS - Sagging
Support
Start of Support Haunch Web Soffit Soffit Soffit mid
Section cantilver Mid span Web top
Haunch span side end bottom edge haunch span
side
DL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06
WC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Utilities 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FPLL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plan bending 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Rise 0.00 0.00 -3.88 -3.88 -3.88 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09
Temp. Fall 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.13 -1.86 -1.82 -1.82 -1.82
Live Load 0.00 0.00 -5.34 -3.96 -6.08 -11.69 -6.50 -7.50 -6.61 -6.61
Cantilever Cantilever
Section Location At Support span side At inner haunch face At Midspan
Haunch Support
0 1 2 2 3 3 4
Section type Hogging Hogging Hogging Sagging Hogging Sagging Sagging
Thickness of slab (mm) 200 340 400 400 250 250 250
Ultimate limit state, M/Mu 0.65 0.70 0.52 0.48 0.72 0.51 0.67
Check for distribution steel 0.37 0.81 0.74 0.29 0.84 0.46 0.61
Stress ratio for concrete 0.63 0.69 0.46 0.21 0.75 0.44 0.59
Stress ratio for Steel 0.48 0.51 0.38 0.33 0.51 0.35 0.46
Check for crack width 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01
Width of the Section 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
20 20 20 20 16 16 16
Top Bars
0 20 20 20 20 20 0
Provided main Steel Bottom 12 12 16 16 16 16 16
Bars 0 0 0 0 16 16 16
Spacing 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Effective depth 150 290 350 352 200 202 202
Design bending moment (Tm) 6.03 24.92 22.82 7.30 14.02 8.10 10.70
Ru = 4.6*Mu/(fck*b*d2) 0.269 0.297 0.187 0.059 0.351 0.199 0.263
Ast req.=fck/fy*b*d/2*[1-(1-Ru)0.5] 978 2109 1547 475 1752 955 1286
Min. Ast = 0.26*fctm*b*d/fyk 256 494 596 600 341 344 344
Area of main steel provided 1571 3142 3142 1005 2576 2011 2011
Depth of N.A from Comp. face 42 84 84 27 69 54 54
Ultimate moment of resistance 9.22 35.49 43.85 15.19 19.55 16.00 16.00
Bar dia 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Provided dist. Steel
Spacing 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Distribution Steel required 196 422 387 150 438 239 321
Area of dist. steel provided 524 524 524 524 524 524 524
Service Bending moment (Tm) 4.17 17.08 15.50 4.50 9.48 5.19 6.90
Value of 2mAs/b = 18 37 37 12 30 24 24
Depth of N.A from top 44 87 97 59 64 58 58
Stress in concrete 13.7 14.8 9.9 4.5 16.2 9.6 12.7
Stress in reinforcement 192.7 204.3 152.3 132.1 202.2 138.8 184.4
Quasi permanent moment (Tm) 1.62 5.26 4.47 0.00 2.73 0.29 0.40
Cracked moment of Inertia 1.3E+08 9.8E+08 1.5E+09 5.8E+08 3.7E+08 3.1E+08 3.1E+08
Stress in steel for cracked 74.8 62.9 43.9 0.0 58.3 7.7 10.8
Area of concrete in tension 51929 84438 101084 113707 61946 63899 63899
Value of esm- ecm 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
Maximum crack spacing 248 227 245 521 210 234 222
Maximum crack width 0.056 0.043 0.032 0.000 0.037 0.005 0.007
Design of Box girder section
Grade of concrete M 45 Mean axial tensile strength of concrete 3.3 MPa
Grade of Steel Fe 500 Permissile compressive stress in concrete 21.6 MPa
Clear cover 40 mm Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ecm 34000 MPa
Modular Ratio, Es/Ec 5.9 Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es 200000 MPa
Service Condition
In service condition the loads due to deal load, SIDL and live load are transferred from web to
the bearings through the diaphragm. The diaphragm acts as an indirect support to webs for
shear transfer. The compressive struts formed through shear are distributed equally over the
full depth of the section in this case [refer Fig.10.1(c) of IRC:112-2011]. In the diaphragm the
load is assumed to be transferred to the bearings through compression with strut angle of 45
degrees and above. Shear transferred through the parallel struts in webs act as point loads
throughout the depth of the diaphragm section and the point loads which are above the 45
degree dispersion angle from the edge of the bearing are assumed to be transferred directly to
the bearings through concrete struts. For the point loads below this plane, the load is to be
carried over to top of the section by providing hanger reinforcement.
C/L bearing
a) Tie reinforcement
Tension in Tie (T) = (R) x (tan (b)-tan(a)) = 85.6 t
Reinforcement required = 20 cm2
Provide 16 Nos 32 dia = 128.7 cm2
b) Vertical hanging reinforcement
% Web-shear transferred indirectly through hanging steel 20 %
On conservative basis, it is considered that a minimum of 25% web shear is indirectly
transferred to diaphragm