S o lv e d P a p er

AIIM S - 2008 v
Time : 3Vz H ours Max. Marks : 200

PHYSICS (c) equal to K.E. o f bullet

(d) none o f the above
1. In an electrical circuit containing L, C and R which
Side o f an equilateral triangle is /. Three point
o f the following does not denote the dimensions
masses, each o f magnitude m y are placed at the
o f frequency?
three vertices o f the triangle. Moment o f inertia
1 o f this system about one side o f the triangle as
(a) l.C (b)
VZc axis is given by
1 R 3 m l2 4
(c) (d) T (a) (b) 3 mP
RC L 4.
2
2 . The displacement time graph o f a particle moving (c) \ m l 2 <d) y „ P
along a straight line is drawn below. P, O and R are three coplanar
forces acting at a point and
are in equilibium.
G iv e n P = 1.9318 kg vvt
fsinS, = 0.9659], the value
o f R (in kg wt) is
(a) 0.9659 (b) 2
<c) I (d) 1/2 .
The accelerations o f the particle during the regions
OP, PO and QR are Supposetthe gravitational force varies inversely
OP as the nxh power o f distance. Then the time period
PQ QR
(a) - 0 j . o f a planet in circular orbit o f radius R around
(b) + 0 + the sun will be proportional to
(c) + 0 _ ("±l) («r!)
(a) R' 2 > (b) R' 1 ’
(d) - 0 - n-±
L 2
3. A particle o f mass m moves with constant speed (c) R" (d) R
along a circular path o f radius r under the action A Ge specimen is doped with Al. The concentration
o f force F. Its speed is o f acceptor atoms is ~ 1021 atoms/m3. Given that

(a)
Fr
\ — (b)
y the intrinsic concentration o f electron hole pairs
is the concentration o f electrons in the
Vm
specimen is
(c) \jF m r (d) (a) IOl7/m J (b) I0 l5/m 3
(c) 104/m 3 (d) 10:/m 3.
4. A bullet is fired from a rifle and the rifle recoils.
Kinetic energy o f rifle is A slab consists o f two layers o f different materials
(a) less than K.E. o f bullet o f th e sa m e th ic k n e s s and h a v i n g th e rm a l
(b) greater than K.E. o f bullet conductivities AT, and K2 are connected in series.
Solved P a p e r - 2008

The equivalent thermal conductivity o f the slab is (a) ^ 2 + ( 2 tt/L)2 (b) R2 + ( 2 n f 2)2
2 A', A", _ _
(c) + L u f 2) (d) R2 + (2nf)2.
<a > <b) -IK 'K 2
16. Two closed organ pipes o f length 100 cm and
«=> T ^ k 101 cm produces 16 beats in 20 sec. When each
pipe is sounded in its fundamental mode calculate
10. In Young's double slit experiment, the distance
the velocity o f sound.
between two slits is made three times then the
(a) 303 m s-1 (b) 332 m s ’1
fringe width will become
(c) 323.2 ms"1 (d) 300 ms"1.
(a) 9 times (b) 1/9 times
(c) 3times (d) 1/3 times. 17. A ce rta in gas is
taken to the five
11. A laser beam is used for carrying out surgery
states represented
because, it
by d o ts in the
(a) is highly monochromatic
graph. The plotted
(b) is highly coherent
lines are isotherms.
'(c) is highly directional
Order o f the most
(d) can be sharply focussed.
probable speed vp
12. A converging lens forms a real image i o f an object o f the molecules at these five states is
on its principal axis. A rectangular slab o f refractive (a) vt>at 3 > Vp *1 ! = Vp at 2 > ^1>at 4 = Vp at S
index fi and thickness x is introduced between J (b) vp at t > v/i ;U2 ~ vi>at 3 > v/>;il 4 " Vl>at 5
and the lens, / will move (c) v,> nL3 v/t aI2 Vp at 4 V/>nt 1 ~ V/, nt 5
(a) towards the lens (^ - l).r (d) in s u f f ic i e n t in f o rm a tio n to p r e d ic t the
result.
(b) towards the lens by ^l~-^-j.v
18. A7, atoms o f a radioactive element emit A\ beta
(c) away from the lens by ( jj. - l).v particles per second. The decay constant o f the
element is (in s_l)
(d) away from the lens by
(a) Ay.-v; (b) AVA',
(c) i\\ (In 2 ) <d) A', (In 2)
13. The velocity o f electromagnetic radiation in a
19. Figure shows the
medium o f permittivity e0 and permeability •$
varia tio n of
given by
energy with the
1
(a) (b) orbit radius r of
a s a te llite in a
IEil circular motion.
(c) (d) > K e< Mark the correct
statement.
14. E le c tr ic field at c e n tr e o f a
(a) C is total energy, B kinetic energy and A is
uniformly charged semicircle o f
potential energy
radius a is
(b) A is kinetic energy, B total energy and C
(a) (b) potential energy
2 tte0« -
(c) A and B are the kinetic and potential energies
X and C the total energy o f the satellite.
(c) 2 TIE,,<7 <d) 2ttEf,<7
(d) C and A are kinetic and potential energy
15. If frequency o f R ~ L circuit i s / t h e n impedence respectively and B the total energy o f the
will be satellite.
 20 . Two changes +e/and - q are (a) 1/2 (b) 2
attached to the two ends o f (c) 1/4 (d) 4.
a light rod o f length L, as
26. The ratio o f magnetic fields on the axis o f a circular
shown in figure. The system
current carrying coil o f radius a to the magnetic
is g iv e n a v e lo c ity v
field at its centre will be
perpendicular to magnetic
field B . The magnetic force on the system o f {a) ------ ~ 1/2
ttt (b) , ^ 1/2
charges and magnitude o f force on one charge I+ ~ 1+ ^ -
by the rod, are respectively a ) \ ,v
(a) zero, zero (b) zero, qvB (C) , 1 r (d ) — -L
(c) 2qvB, 0 (d) 2qvB, qvB

21. If a wire is extended to a new length I, the work '+ $) H

done is
27. Lumen is the unit o f
(a) luminous flux (b) luminosity
(a) (b) ~ V n 2
(c) illumination (d) quantity o f light.
(c) L id ( i - r y (d) 2 -—i ( i - n 2
2 I 28. A charge q is uniformly distributed on a ring of
radius /■. A sphere o f an equal radius is constructed
22. The equivalent resistance between the points X
with its centre lying on the periphery o f the ring.
and Y in the following circuit diagram will be
The flux o f electric field through the surface o f
7Q
the sphere will be
q q
W Z <b > 2 i T

<7
<c) 3 T ■ <d> I Z
(a)
(c) 7 Q (d) 3 Q.
29. When 100 V d.c. is applied across a coil, a current
23. The intensity o f magnetic field due to an isolated o f I A flows through it. When 100 V a.c. o f
pole o f strength m/t at a point distant /• from it will 50 Hz is applied to the same coil only 0.5 A flows.
be The inductance o f the coil is
(a) m j r 1 (b) (a) 0.55 H (b) 5.5 ml-i
(c) r / n t /t (d) m jr . (c) 0.55 mH (d) 55 mH.

24. A bulb and a condenser are connected in series
with an A.C. source. On increasing the frequency
o f the source its brightness will
(a) increase (b) decrease
(c) sometimes increase and sometimes decrease
(cl) neither increase nor decrease.
25. Two heater wires, made o f the same material and
having the same length and the same radius, are
first connected in series and then in parallel to a
constant potential difference. If the rates o f heat
produced in the two cases are Hs and //,, respectively,
then //, ///,, will be
30. A bulb o f 25 W, 200 V and another bulb o f
100 W, 200 V are connected in series with a supply
line o f 220 V. Then
(a) both bulbs will glow with same brightness
(b) both bulbs will get fused
(c) 25 W bulb will glow more brightly
(d) 100 W bulb will glow more brightly.
31. Which o f the following is matched wrongly?
(a) oil drop experiment —> Millikan
(b) dual nature o f light de Brogile
(c) uncertainty principle —» Heisenberg
(d) none o f these

/
S olved P a p e r - 2008

32. The forbidden gap in the energy bands o f silicon 39. The magnifying power o f a compound microscope
is increase with
(a) 2.6 eV (b) 1.1 eV (a) the focal length o f objective lens is increased
(c) 0.1 eV (d) 6 eV and that o f eye lens is decreased
(b) the focal length o f eye lens is increased and
33. When white light passes through a prism, the
that o f objective lens is decreased
deviation is maximum for
(c) focal lengths o f both objects and eye-piece
(a) violet light (b) green light
are increased
(c) red light (d) yellow light
(d) focal lengths o f both objects and eye-piece
34. Which o f the following gates correspond to the are decreased.
truth table given below?
40. A thread is tied slightly loose
A B Y
to a wire frame as in figure
0 0 1 and the frame is dropped into
0 1 0 a soap solution and taken
1 0 0 out. The frame is completely
1 1 0 covered with the film. When
the portion A is punctured
(a) NA ND (b) OR
with a pin, the thread
(c) XOR (d) N O R
(a) becomes concave towards A
35. Light is incident normally on a diffraction grating
(b) becomes convex towards A
through which the first diffraction is seen at 32°.
(c) either (a) or (b) depending on the size o f A
In this case the second order diffraction will be
with respect to B
(a) at 80° (b) at 64°
(d) remains in the initial position.
(c) at 48°
(d) there is no second order diffraction D irections : In th e follow ing q u estions (41-60), a
sta te m en t o f assertio n (A) is followed by a sta te m e n t
36. I f th e re w ere no a tm o s p h e re , th e av e rag e of reason (R). M a r k the co rrec t choice as :
temperature on earth surface would be (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is
(a) lower (b) higher the correct explanation o f assertion
(c) same (d) 0°C. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation o f assertion
37. The current curve between Iogt. ~ and ■— (c) If assertion is true but reason is false
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

(b) ioz j / r - 41. Assertion : In the relation / _L lL

(a) log,^//- where
2/ V p- ’
symbols have standard meaning, ni
represent linear mass density.
Reason : The frequency has the dimensions
(c) (d) log^/'/- o f inverse o f time.

42. Assertion : When the velocity o f projection o f a

38 . An object 5 cm tall is placed 1 in from a concave body is made n times, its time o f
spherical mirror which has a radius o f curvature flight becomes n times.
o f 20 cm. The size o f the image is Reason : Range o f projectile does not depend
(a) 0 .11 cm (b) 0.50 cm on the initial velocity o f a body.
(c) 0.55 cm (d) 0.60 cm. 43. Assertion : A needle placed carefully on the
 surface of water may float, whereas
a ball o f the same material will always
sink.
Reason The buoyancy o f an object depends
both on the material and shape o f the
objcct.
44. Assertion The colour o f the green flower seen
through red glass appears to be dark.
Reason Red glass transmits only red light.
45. Assertion The alternating current lags behind
the c.m.f. by a phase angle o f ti/2 ,
when AC flows through an inductor.
Reason The inductive reactance increases as
th e f r e q u e n c y o f AC so u r c e
decreases.
46. Assertion A spark occur between the poles of
a switch when the switch is opened.
Reason Current flowing in the conductor
produces magnetic field.
47. Assertion X-rays can penetrate through the
flesh but not through the bones.
Reason The penetrating power o f X-rays
depends on voltage.
48. Assertion It is essential that all the tines
available in the emission spectrum
will a lso be a v a ila b le in the
absorption spectrum.
Reason The spectrum o f hydrogen atom is
only absorption spectrum.
49. Assertion A double convex lens (j.i = 1.5) has
focal length 10 cm. When the lens is
immersed in water ( jj, ~ 4/3) its focal
length becomes 77 cm.
i J ____ 1_
Reason
/ I /*) /f2
50. Assertion Diode lasers are used as optical
sources in optical communication.
Reason Diode lasers consume less energy.
51. Assertion We cannot think o f magnetic field
configuration with three poles.
Reason A bar magnet does exert a torque on
itself due to its own field.
52. Assertion : In a SHM. kinetic and potential
energies become equal when the
displacement is \ ( 4 l times the
amplitude.
Reason In SHM, kinetic energy is zero when
potential energy is maximum.
53. Assertion A bird perches on a high power line
and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason The level o f bird is very high from
the ground.
54. Assertion Stopping potential depends upon the
frequency o f incident light but is
independent o f the intensity o f the
light.
Reason The maximum kinetic energy o f the
photoelectrons is proportional to
stopping potential.
55. Assertion Inductance coils are usually made of
thick copper wire.
Reason Induced current is more in wire
having less resistance.
56. Assertion When radius o f circular loop carrying
current is doubled, its magnetic
moment becomes four times.
Reason Magnetic moment depends on area
o f the loop.
57. Assertion In the following circuit, em f is 2 V
and internal resistance o f the cell is
1 Q and R = 1 £2, then reading o f the
voltmeter is 1 V.
Reason V - E - !R where E = 2 V,
/ = 2/2 = 1 A.
58. Assertion A domestic electrical appliance,
working on a three pin will continue
j
w orking even if the top pin is
i removed.
j
Reason The third pin is used only as a safety
i device.
59. Assertion : The energy o f charged particle
Solved P a p e r - 2008

moving in a uniform magnetic field sodium sulphide (pH2), sodium selenide (pH-,) and
does not change. sodium telluride (pH 4)?
Reason Work done by magnetic field on the (a) pH! > pH2 = pH-, = pH.,
charge is zero. (b) pH | < pH 2 < pH3 < pH.,
(c) pH[ < pH 2 > pH3 < pH.t
60. Assertion <X)Sr from the radioactive fall out from (d) pH, > phl2 > pH3 > pH.,.
a nuclear bomb ends up in the bones
64. Toluene is nitrated and the resulting product is
o f human beings through the milk
reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid. The product
c o n s u m e d by them . It c a u se s
so obtained is diazotised and then heated with
impairment o f production o f red
cuprous bromide. The reaction mixture so formed
blood cells. contains
Reason The energies p-particles emitted in (a) mixture o f o- and m-bromotoluenes
the decay o f ™Sr damage the bone (b) mixture o f o- and p-bromotoluenes
marrow. (c) mixture o f o- and /7-d ib r o m o b e n z en es
(d) mixture o f o- and / > b r o m o a n ilin es .
CHEMISTRY
65. The dissociation equilibrium o f a gas AlU can be
61. Identify Z in the reaction.
represented as
OH
2A B 2W ^ 2 + (,>
C l [Cl-, + N aO l I v. N a0[] t v The degree o f dissociation is .v and is small
compared to 1. The expression relating the degree
o f dissociation (.v) with equilibrium constant Kr
and total pressure p is
(a) (2 K{/ p Y i2 (b) K J p
(c) 2KtJp (d) (2K , J p r \

OH OH 66 . Which o f the follow ing is co n sid ered as an

X , C V \ 1OH XOONa anticancer species?
(»» (OJ ‘ +IQ H ,N V /C l Cl

OH OH (a) H ^N ^ 'X CI (b )
NH

CH2
a /C l
(c) / P< C H , (d) x pt
Cl “ Cl Cl

67. CH3CH = CH C H 3 + CHC13 + /-BuOK -> A. A

is
62. Tor the reaction, 2 N 0 2 + F2 —> 2 N 0 2F, following (a) CH3C H - C H C H 3 (b) C H , C H - C H C H 3
mechanism has been provided.
S lo w ch, C
N 0 2 + F; -* N 0 2F + F
NO, + F -
Fast
* NO->F (c) CH ,CH - C H C H , Cl Cl
Thus, rate expression o f the above reaction can I I
O Bu Cl
be written as
(a) r - K [ N 0 2]2[F2] (b) r = K [ N 0 2][F2] (d) c h 3c h - £ h c h 3 .
(c) r - K [NO,] (d) r = A'[F2].
O
63 . What is the correct relationship between the pHs
o f isomolar solutions o f sodium oxide (pH,), 68. In which o f the following preparations o f ether,
 the co n fig u ra tio n about chiral centre is not 73 . Which o f the following molecules will not show
retained? optical activity?
H HOOC COOH
(a) CH-j OH + Na Cn,Br- » (a) H in11^ -^iisH H

HO
H
CM
Ci l,ONa HO
(b) CHV O H + TsCi - — --------►
(b) I I X - C M - C D (c) OH
D I
H Oil CH-

(o) C H V C H = C H 2 + Hg(OAc)2 b\ A / h
(d)
\\/ Br
D
NaBH, 74. Green chemistry means such reactions which
+ Cl-I,OH (a) are related to the depletion' o f ozone layer
H
(b) study the reactions in plants
(d) C H V (c) produce colour during reactions
(d) reduce the use and production o f hazardous
D chemicals.
69. Toluene on treatment with C r 0 3 and (CH3C 0 ) 30
followed by hydrolysis with dii. HC1 gives 75. Identify the final product.
(a) benzatdehyde (b) benzoic acid H lC\ /H
(c) phenol CH 3 (0 /h-CPBA .
(d) phenylacetaldehyde, (ii)H,Cr 1
H
70. The time period to coat a metal surface o f OH
80 cm2 with 5 * KT3 cm thick layer o f silver
(a) --------- ^1111 H
(density 1.05 g c m '1) with the passage of.3 A
HO CM2COCH3
current through a silver nitrate solution is
(a) 115 sec (b) 125 sec H.,A H
(c) 135 sec (d) 145 sec. (b) --------------------- ^mill OH
71. Correct equation o f FreundHch isotherm is HO CH 2COCH3

(a) lo g f — j = log A +-^logc*

(c) 1-1
^--------- Zmiii
/0H
CH^COCH,

.Y
HO " H
(b) i°g(f — 1=: iogC + ~ log k (d) none o f these.
Vw
\ ) n
76. The flame colours o f metal ions are due to
(c) logf ~ log c + — logc (a) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect
\ J” (c) metal deficiency defect
«!> >og( - logA + v l o g c (d) metal excess defect.
i k
77. The reaction o f an o rganic c o m p o u n d w ith
72. . Which o f the following compounds is not chiral? ammonia followed by nitration o f the product gives
(a) 1-Chloropentane a powerful explosive called RDX.The organic
(b) 2-Chloropentane compound is
<c) l-Chloro-2-methyl pentane (a) phenol (b) toluene
(d) 3-Chloro-2-methyl pentane. (c) glycerine (d) formaldehyde.
Solved P a p e r - 2008

78. Cumenc process is the most important commercial (a) 1.576 x 104 (b) 1.576 x 10'
method for the manufacture o f phenol. Cumene is (c) 15.76 (d) 2.136 x 1CJ.
(a) /.vo-propyl benzene (b) ethyl benzene
(c) vinyl benzene (d) propyl benzene.
86 . The number o f S S bonds in sulphur trioxide
trimer (S^O0) is
79. Prolonged exposure o f fat or oil in moist air and (a) three (b) two
light causes bad smell (rancidity). It is due to (c) one (d) zero.
^ ) formation o f C6 - C i2 fatty acids
87. Oxidation product 1,2-cyclopentanedio! with HIO.!
(b) formation o f ketone and aldehyde
oives
(c) both o f these causes (a) l lC - CM, - CH2 - CM2 - C - 11
(d) formation o f glycerol.

80. Acid hydrolysis o f sucrose is a

(a) p s e u d o first order reaction
(b)
(b) zero order reaction
(c) second order reaction
(c) C - CH - CH2 - CI-l2 - C = O
(d) unimolecular reaction.
on oh
81. Which o f these com pounds is synthesised by (d) none o f these.
chloral?
(a) DDT (b) BMC 88 . The correct order o f dipole moment is
(c) chloroform (d) Michlers ketone. (a) CH, < NF3 < NH3< 1-1,0
(b) NF3 < CH, < NH*< H20
82. When phenol reacts with phthalic anhydride in (c) N H 3 <NFj < CH, < H20
presence o f H,SO , and heated and hot reaction
(d) H ,0 <NHj < N F 3< CH,.
mixture is poured in NaOH solution, then product
formed is 89. The root mean square speed o f the molecules of
(a) alizarin (b) methyl orange diatomic gas is u. When the temperature is doubled,
(c) fluorescein (d) phenolphthalein. the molecules dissociate into two atoms. The new
rms speed o f the atom is
83. The function o f AIC1? in Friedel-Craft's reaction
is to (a) Jlit (b) ti
(a) absorb HC1 (b) absorb water (c) 2ti (d) 4n.
(c) produce nucleophile 90. For the f o llo w in g c o n c e n tra tio n cell, to be
(d) produce electrophile. spontaneous Pl(M2)/, i atm. jHCI|Pt(H,)/J2 atm.
84. 'The correct order o f increasing [ H , 0 '] in the Which o f the following is correct?
following aqueous solutions is (a) /J, = P2 (b) i \ < P2
(c) P, > P2 (d) can't be predicted.
(a) 0.01 M H,S < 0.01 M H,SO, < 0.01 M NaCl
< 0.01 M NaNO, 91. Which one o f the following is not a surfactant?
(b) 0.01 M N a C K 0.01 M NaNO, < 0.01 M H ;S
< o . o i m h 2s o 4
(a) CH3 - ( C r i 2) , 5 - N - C H 3Br
(c) 0 . 0 1 M NaNO, < 0.01 M NaCI < 0.01 M M,S
<0.01 M H ,S 0 4 CM 3
(d) 0.01 M H2S < 0.01 M N aNO, <0.01 M N aC l (b) CH., - (CH 2),4 - CH, - NM2
< 0.01 M H,SO,. (c) CH3 - ( C H ,)Kl - C H 20 S 0 2- N a r
(d) OHC - (CH,),., - CH , - COO" N a +.
85. Percentage o f Se (at. mass = 78.4) in peroxidase
92. The standard oxidation potential £° for the half
anhydrase enzym e is 0.5% by weight, then
cell reaction are
minimum molecular mass o f peroxidase anhydrase
Zn -» Zn21 + 2 e \ £° = + 0.76V
enzyme is
Fe Fe3+ + 2<r; 'E° = + 0.41V
 EM F o f the cell reaction is (b) Pyrophosphoric acid
Zn + Fe-‘ Zn:t + Fe (c) Metaphosphoric acid
(a) - 0.35 V (b) + 0.35 V (d) Orthophosphoric acid.
(c) 0.17 V (d) 1.17 V.
HNO, C l,
)3. To observe the effect o f concentration on the 99. Y . In the above
H ,S 0 4 ' FcCI,
conductivity electrolytes o f different nature were sequence K can be
taken in two vessels A and B. A contains weak (a) 3-nitrochlorobenzene
e l e c tr o l y te NM.,OH and B c o n ta in s s tro n g (b) I-nitrochlorobenzene
electrolyte NaCl. In both containers, concentration (c) 4-nitrochlorobenzene
o f resp e c tiv e elec tro ly te w as increased and (d) none o f these.
conductivity observed.
100. Which o f the following is aromatic?
(a) in A conductivity increases, in B conductivity
decreases
(b) in A condu c tiv ity dec reases, w h ile in B (b)
conductivity increases
H
(c) in both A and B conductivity increase
(d) in both A and B conductivity decreases. (d)

94. A unit cell o f sodium chloride has four formula

u n its . T he edg e le n gth o f th e un it cell is Directions : In th e following questions (101-120), a
0 .0 5 6 4 mu. W hat is the d e n s ity o f so d iu m s ta te m e n t of assertion (A) is followed by a s ta te m e n t
chloride? of reason (R). M a r k the co rrec t choice as :
(a) 1,2 g/cm3 (b) 2,165 g/cm3 (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is
(c) 3.64 g/cm* (d) 4.56 g/cm3. the correct explanation o f assertion
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
95. The reaction
not the correct explanation of assertion
N-ll
R -C -R ...> RCONHR + N , (c) If assertion is true but reason is false
|| H r SO, 2
<d) If both assertion and reason are false.
O
is called 1 0 1 . Assertion
: (C H ^ C C O Q C H j)^ and acetone can
(a) Claisen-Schmidt reaction be distinguished by the reaction with
(b) Kolbe-Schmidt reaction NaHSO.,.
(e) Schmidt reaction Reason : H S 0 3' is the n u c l e o p h il e in
(d) Kolbe's reaction. bisulphite addition.
96. W hich o f the f o llo w in g a m in e s , can give 102. Assertion : Tertiary carbonium ions are generally
N-nitrosoamine on . .~»ment with HNO:? formed more easily than primary
carbonium ions.
(b) C H ,-C H ~ C H , Reason : H y p e r c o n j u g a tio n as w ell as
I inductive effect due to additional
NH2
alkyl g r o u p s s ta b ili z e te rtia r y
NR2

a
carbonium ions,

103. Assertion : If H, and Cl, enclosed separately in

97. The purification o f alumina is called the same vessel exert pressure o f 100
(a) Baeyer's process (b) Bosch process and 200 mm respectively, their
(c) Castuer process (d) Hoop's process. mixture in the same vessel at the same
temperature will exert a pressure o f
98. Which acid has P - P linkage?
300 mm.
(a) Hypophosphoric acid
S olved P a p e r - 2008
Reason D alton’s law o f partial pressures
states that total pressure is the sum
of partial pressures.
104. A ssertion The quantized energy o f an electron
is largely determined by its principal
quantum number.
Reason The principal quantum number n is
a m easure o f the most probable
distance o f finding the electron
around the nucleus.
105. Assertion According to Le-Chatelier’s principle
addition o f heat to an equilibrium
solid liquid results in decrease in
the amount o f solid.
Reason Reaction is endotherm ic, so on
heating forward reaction is favoured.
106. A ssertion Cyclohexanone exhibits keto-enol
tautomerism.
Reason In cyclohexanone, one form contains
the keto group (C — O) while other
contains enolic group ( - C = C ~
Oil).
107. A ssertion Phenol is more reactive than benzene
towards electrophilic substitution
reaction.
Reason In the c a se o f p h e n o l, the
intermediate carbocation is more
resonance stabilised.
108. Assertion Many endothermic reactions that are
not spontaneous at room temperature
b ec o m e sp o n ta n e o u s at high
temperature.
Reason Entropy o f the system increases with
increase in temperature.
109. A ssertion Benzaidehyde is more reactive than
eth an a l to w a r d s n u c l e o p h ilic
attack.
Reason The overall effect o f - / and +R effect
o f p h e n y l g r o u p d e c r e a s e s the
electron density on the carbon atom
of C = O group in benzaidehyde.
110. A ssertion Bleaching powder reacts with dilute
acids to evolve chlorine.
Reason : The chlorine liberated by the action
of dilute acids on bleaching powder
is called available chlorine.
111. A ssertion : Teflon has high thermal stability and
chemical inertness.
Reason : Teflon is a thermoplastic.
112. A ssertion : In high spin situation, configuration
o f cf ions will be
Reason : In high spin situation, pairing energy
is less than crystal field energy.
113. A ssertion : Copper metal gets readily corroded
in acidic aqueous solution.
Reason : Free energy change for this process
is negative.
114. Assertion : When a concentrated solution is
dilu ted by a d d in g m ore water,
molarity o f the solution remains
unchanged.
Reason : Product o f moles o f a solute and
volume is equal to the molarity.
115. A ssertion : Anilinium chloride is more acidic
than am monium chloride.
Reason : Anilinium chloride is resonance
stabilised.
116. A ssertion : Pyrrole is an aromatic heterocyclic
compound.
Reason : It has cyclic delocalised 6n electrons.
117. A ssertion : 2-Butanol on heating with HiSO,,
gives 1 -butene and 2-butene.
Reason : Dehydration o f 2-butanol follows
Saytzeffs rule.
118. Assertion : SeCl4 does not have a tetrahedral
structure.
Reason : Se in SeCl4 has two lone pairs.
119. A ssertion : Liquid N H ? is used for refrigeration.
Reason : Liquid N H 3 quickly vapourises.
120.Assertion : E thers b e h a v e as bases in the
presence o f mineral acids.
Reason : It is due to the presence o f lone pair
o f electrons on the oxygen.

121. Two opposite forces operate in the growth and
development o f every population. One o f them is
related to the ability to reproduce at a given rate.
The force opposite to it is called
(a) fecundity
(b) environmental resistances
(c) biotic control {d) mortality.
122. Acrosome reaction in sperm is triggered by
(a) capacitation (b) release o f lysin
(c) influx o f Na4 (d) release o f fertilizin.
123. What is a keystone species?
(a) a species which makes up only a small
p r o p o rti o n o f th e total b io m a ss o f a
community, yet has a huge impact on the
community’s organization and survival
(b) a common species that has plenty o f biomass,
yet has a fairly low impact on the community’s
organization
(c) a rare species that has minimal impact on the
biomass and on other species in the community
(d) a dominant species that constitutes a large
proportion o f the biomass and which affects
many other species.
124. Which one o f the following pairs is not correctly
matched?
(a) Sfreptomyces - Antibiotic
(b) Serralia - Drug addiction
(c) Spintlina - Single cell protein
(d) Rhizobium - Biofertilizer.
125. You are required to draw blood from a patient
and to keep it in a test tube for analysis o f blood
corpuscles and plasma. You are also provided with
the following four types o f test tubes. Which o f
these will you not use for the purpose?
(a) test tube containing calcium bicarbonate
(b) chilled test tube
(c) test tube containing heparin
(d) test tube containing sodium oxalate.
126. Smoking addiction is harmful because it produces
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which cause
(a) reduction in oxygen transport
(b) increase in blood pressure
(c) cancer
(d) retardation o f growth o f foetus.
127. The main reason why antibiotics could not solve
all the problems o f bacteria mediated diseases is
(a) insensitivity o f the individual follow ing
prolonged exposure to antibiotics
(b) inactivation o f antibiotics by bacterial enzymes
(c) decreased efficiency o f the immune system
(d) the development o f mutant strains resistant
to antibiotics.
128. Which of the following sets includes the bacterial
disease?
(a) cholera, typhoid, mumps
(b) tetanus, tuberculosis, measles
(c) malaria, mumps, poliomyelitis
(d) diphtheria, leprosy, plague.
129. The binding o f antibodies to the antigens to
produce a large insoluble complex is known as
(a) antibody-antigen complex
(b) agglutination (c) immunization
(d) suppressor cell reaction.
130. One o f the major difficulties in the biological
control o f insect pest is that
(a) the predator develops a preference to other
diets and may itself become a pest
(b) the predator does not always survive when
transferred to a new environment
(c) the method is less effective as compared with
the use o f insecticides
(d) the practical difficulty o f introducing the
predator to specific areas.
131. Cattle fed with spoilt hay of sweet clover which
contains dicumarol
(a) are healthier due to a good diet
(b) catch infections easily
(c) may suffer vitamin K. deficiency and prolonged
bleeding
(d) may suffer from beri-beri due to deficiency
o f vitamin B,.
132. Which one o f the following methods is commonly
used to maintain the genetic traits o f a given plant?
(a) by propagating through seed germination
(b) by p r o p a g a tin g th r o u g h v e g e ta tiv e
multiplication
(c) by generating hybrids through intergeneric
pollination
(d) by treating the seeds with gamma radiations.
S olved P a p e r - 2008
133. The bacteria which attack dead animals are
(a) first link o f the food chain and are known as
primary producers
(b) se c o n d link o f th e food cha in and are
herbivorous
(c) third link o f the food chain and are tertiary
consumers
(d) the end o f food chain and are decomposers.
134. Which o f the following statements is incorrect?
(a) lichen, an association o f fungus and algae is
an example o f mutualism.
(b) those epiphytes which use other plants for
support only and not for water or food supply
and are examples o f commensalism.
(c) sea-anemone on hermit-crab is an example
o f protocooperation.
(d) mutualism, protoctfoperation, commensalism
cannot be included under symbiosis.
135. How many sperms are formed from a secondary
spermatocyte?
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 2 (d) I.
136. Phytohorm ones are
(a) hormones regulating growth from seed to
adulthood
(b) growth regulators synthesised by plants and
influencing physiological process
(c) hormones regulating flowering
(d) hormones regulating secondary growth.
137. Grey crescent is the area
(a) at the point o f entry o f sperm into ovum
(b) just opposite to the site o f entry o f sperm into
ovum
(c) at the animal pole (d) at the vegetal pole.
138. Even after killing the generative cell with a laser
beam , the pollen grain o f a flo w ering plant
germ inates and produces norma! pollen tube
because
(a) laser beam stimulates pollen germination and
pollen tube growth
(b) the laser beam does not damage the region
from which pollen tube emerges
(c) the contents o f killed generative cell permits j
germination and pollen tube growth
(d) the vegetative cell has not been damaged.
One common example o f simple reflex is
(a) tying your shoe laces while talking to another
person and not looking at them
(b) watering o f mouth at the sight o f a favourite
food
(c) climbing up a stairs in dark without stumbling
(d) closing o f eyes when strong light is flashed
across them.
140. Select one o f the following pairs o f important
features distinguishing Gncium from Cycas and
Pinus and showing affinities with angiosperms.
(a) Perianth and two integuments.
(b) Embryo development and apical meristem.
(c) Absence o f resin duct and leaf venation.
(d) Presence o f vessel elements and absence o f
archegonia.
141. Injury to vagus nerve in humans is not likely to
affect
(a) tongue movements
(b) gastrointestinal movements
(c) pancreatic secretion
(d) cardiac movements.
142. Which one o f the following is a matching pair?
(a) L ubb-S harp clo sure o f AV valves at the
beginning o f ventricular systole.
(b) Dup-Sudden opening o f semilunar valves at
the beginning o f ventricular diastole.
(c) Pulsation o f the radial artery-Valves in the
blood vessels.
(d) Initiation o f the heart beat - Purkinje fibres.
j
143. A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality o f
fishes within a few days. Consider the following
reasons for this?
(a) lots o f urea and phosphate fertilizer were used
in the vicinity.
(b) the area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft.
(c) the lake water turned green and stinky.
(d) phytoplankton polulations in the lake declined
in itia lly th e re b y g r e a tly r e d u c in g
photosynthesis.
j
144. Which one o f the following pairs o f plant structures
has haploid number o f chromosomes?
i
 (a)nucellus and antipodal cells.
{b)egg nucleus and secondary nucicus.
(c)megaspore mother ccll and antipodal cells.
(d)egg cell and antipodal cells.
145. W hen a m an inha les air c o n ta in in g normal
concentration o f 0 2 as well as CO lie suffers from
suffocation because
(a) CO reacts with 0 2 reducing its percentage j
in air
(b) haemoglobin combines with CO instead of
0 -. and forms carboxyhaemoglobin
(c) CO affects diaphragm and intercostal muscles
(d) CO affects the nerves o f the lungs.
146. A patient o f diabetes mellitus excretes glucose
in urine even when he is kept in a carbohydrate
free diet. It is because
(a) fats are catabolised in adipose tissues to form
glucose
(b) amino acids are catabolised in kidney to form
glucose
(c) amino acids are discharged in blood stream
from liver
(d) glycogen from muscles is released in blood
stream.
147. During the life-cycle, Fasciola hepatica (liver
fluke) infects its intermediate host and primary host
at the following larval stages respectively
(a) redia and miracidium
(b) cercaria and redia
(c) metacercaria and cercaria
(d) miracidium and metacercaria
148. Enzymes, vitamins and hormones can be classified
into a single category o f biological chemicals
because o f all o f these
(a) enhance oxidative metabolism
(b) are conjugated proteins
(c) are exclusively synthesised in the body o f a
living organism as at present
(d) help in regulating metabolism.
149. Cut surfaces o f fruit and vegetables often become
dark because
(a) dirty knife makes it dark
(b) oxidation o f tannic acid in the presence o f
trace o f iron from the knife makes it dark
i (c) dust o f the air makes it dark
(d) none o f the above.
150. Nicoiianci syl vesirLs flow ersonly duringlong d ays
and /V.labacum flowers only during short days. If
raised in the la b o ra to r y u n d e r d i f f e r e n t
photoperiods, they can be induced to flower at the
same time and can be cross-fertilized to produce
self-fertile offspring. What is the best reason for
! considering N.sylvestris and N.tabacum to be
separate species ?
(a) they cannot interbreed in nature
(b) they are reproductively distinct
(c) they are physiologically distinct
(d) they are morphologically distinct
151. Which one o f the following is the correct statement
re g a rd in g the p a r ti c u la r p s y c h o tr o p i c d r u g
specified?
(a) morphine leads to delusions and disturbed
emotions.
(b) barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary
euphoria.
(c) h a s h ish c a u se s a l te r a t io n o f th o u g h ts ,
perceptions and hallucinations.
(d) opium stimulates nervous system and causes
hallucinations.
152. In succulent plants the stomata open in night and
close in day. Which among the following would
be best hypothesis to explain the mechanism of
stomatal action in night only?
(a) C 0 2 accum ulates, reduces pH, stim ulate
enzymes resulting in accumulation o f sugars.
(b) increase in C 0 2 concentration, conversion of
organic acids into starch resulting in the
increased conversion into sugars resulting in
transport.
(c) low C 0 2 concentration accumulates organic
acids resulting in the increased concentration
o f cell sap.
(d) C 0 2 used up, in c re a s e pH r e s u lt s in
accumulation o f sugars.
153. The cells o f the quiescent centre are characterised
by
(a) having dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei
(b) having light cytoplasm and small nuclei
S olved P a p e r - 2008

(c) dividing regularly to add to the corpus Directions : In the following questions (161-180), a
(d) dividing regularly to add to tunica statem ent of assertion (A) is followed by a sta te m ent
of reason (R). M a r k the correct choice as :
154. T h e r m o c o c c u s , M e th a n o c o c c u s and
(a) I f both assertion and reason are true and reason is
Me/honobacterium exemplify
the correct explanation o f assertion
(a) bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or positively
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
supercoiled but which have a cytoskeleton
not the correct explanation o f assertion
as well as mitochondria
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false
(b) bac te ria that contain a cytoskeleton and
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
ribosomes
(c) a r c h a e b a c t e r i a th a t c o n ta in s pro tein 161.A ssertion : P r o to p l a s m i c c o n t in u ity is
homologous to eukaryotic core histones maintained in perforated septum.
(d) a r c h a e b a c t e r i a that lack any h isto n e s Reason : Usually a small pore remains in the
resembling those found in eukaryotes but centre o f the septum.
•whose DNA is negatively supercoiled.
162. A ssertion : The primary protenema o f moss by
155. Ectophloic siphonostele is found in death and decay o f cells may break
(a) Ox munch and Equixeium into fragments.
(b) Marsilea and Boirychium Reason : Bach fragment gives rise to leafy
(c) Adianlum and Cucurbiiaceae gametophyte.
(d) Dicksonia and Maidenhair fern,
163.A ssertion : Cephalization is advantageous to
156. Chlorenchyma is known to develop in the an animal.
(a) cytoplasm o f Chi ore 11a Reason : It improves the appearance o f the
(b) mycelium o f a green mould such as Aspergillux animal.
(c) spore capsule o f a moss
(d) pollen tube o f Pinux 164.A ssertion : Koel does not build nest for egg
laying.
157. The distance between two genes in a chromosome Reason : Koel lays its eggs in the nest of
is measured in cross-over units which represent tailor bird.
(a) ratio o f crossing over between them
165. Assertion : Competitive inhibitor is also called
(b) percentage o f crossing over between them
as substrate analogue.
(c) number o f crossing over between them
Reason : It r e s e m b le s th e e n z y m e s in
(d) none o f these.
structure.
158. In transgenics, expression o f transgene in target
166. A ssertion : Persons suffering from haemophilia
tissue is determined by
fail to produce blood clotting factor
(a) enhancer (b) transgene
VIII.
(c) promoter (d) reporter.
Reason : Prothrombin producing platelets in
159. How many genome types are present in a typical such persons are found in very low'
green plants cell? concentration.
(a) more than five (b) more than ten
167. Assertion : Hybridoma cells are shifted to a
(c) two (d) three.
medium deficient in nutrient w'hich
160. The growth curve o f bacterial population in lab cannot be synthesized by myeloma
is plotted against time. What will be the shape cells.
o f graph? Reason : This medium allows selection o f
(a) sigmoid (b) hyperbolic hybridoma cells.
(c) ascending straight line
168.A ssertion : Maize is an albuminous seed.
(d) descending straight line.
 Reason Endosperm is completely absorbed
by its growing embryo.
169.A ssertion
Ciliated epithelium is present in the
inner lining o f trachea and large
bronchi.
Reason Ciliary movement propel the mucus
and foreign particle towards the
larynx.
170. Light is one o f the important factor
A ssertion
in transpiration.
It induces stomatal opening and
Reason
closing. Therefore, transpiration
increases in light and decreases in
dark.
171. Assertion The higher concentration o f O : in
the atm osphere is inhibitory to
photosynthesis.
Reason C 0 2 is the main s u b s t r a te o f
photosynthesis.
172. Assertion F, particles are present in the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
Reason An electron gradient formed on the
inner 'm ito c h o n d ria l m em brane,
forms ATP.
173. Assertion Rhabdome is present in Pa lac won.
Reason Rhabdome has an important role in
digestion.
174. A ssertion Pituitary is attached to hypothalamus
by a vein.
Reason This attachment is done through a
hypophysial portal vein.
175. A ssertion Rabies is acute infectious disease
o f w arm b lo o d e d m a m m a ls
characterised by involvement o f
central nervous system resulting in
paralysis and finally death.
Reason This is caused due to neurotropic
filterable bacteria in saliva o f rabid
animals.
176. Assertion M a ny p la n ts are p ro p a g a te d
vegetatively even though they bear
seeds.
Reason Potatoes multiply by tubers and
apple by cutting.
177. Assertion : Nuclear endosperm is formed by
subsequent nuclear division without
wall formation.
Reason : C ocon ut is an exam ple o f such
endosperm, where the endosperm
remains nuclear th ro u g h o u t the
development o f the fruit.
178. Assertion : In mammals the female secondary
sexual characters are developed by
gonadotropins.
Reason : G o n a d o tr o p in s are se c re te d by
graafian follicle.
179. A ssertion : The plant biomass which serves as
th e food o f h e r b iv o r e s and
decomposers is said to result from
the gross primary productivity.
Reason : Gross primary productivity is the
rate o f net production o f organic
material (biomass).
180. A ssert ion : Methyl mercury is a highly persistent
pollutant that accumulates in food
chains.
Reason : Mercury pollution is responsible far
minamata.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
181. The first o f the GAEL (Global Alliance for the
elimination o f Leprosy) was held in
(a) New Delhi (b) Bombay
(c) Culcutta (d) Paris.
182. Megger is an instrument to measure
(a) very low resistance
(b) insulation resistance
(c) inductance o f a coil
(d) all o f the above.
183. Terminator technology promotes sale o f which
o f the following that is/are generated by it?
(a) gransgenic fertile seed.
(b) gene modified plants.
(c) genetically engineered seeds fertilized in next
generation.
(d) all o f these.
184. Which among the following has become the third
Solved P a p e r - 2008

tiger reserve o f Assam? 193. When T.V. is switched on

(a) Manas Wildlife Sanctury (a) audio and video both start simultaneously
(b) Kaziranga National Park (b) audio is heard immediately but video starts
(c) Nameri National Park later because video needs some warm up time
(d) none o f these. (c) video starts immediately but audio is heard
later because sound travels at a lesser speed
185. To make the acidic soil suitable for agricultural,
than light
one o f the following material is used.
(d) it depends on the T.V. stand.
(a) lime (b) gypsum
(c) calcium superphosphate 194. The instrument o f music in which Ustad Amjad
(d) vegetable compost. Ali Khan has distinguished him self is
(a) sarod (b) violin
186. The landform which is not associated with wind
(c) sitar (d) shehnai.
erosion is
(a) sand dune (b) inselberg 195. A deep and narrow river valley with steep bank
(c) drumlin (d) mushroom rock. is called
(a) geyser (b) bluff
187. BCG vaccination is to be given to a new born
(c) delta (d) canyon.
child
(a) immediately after child birth 196. A ‘breath test’ used by traffic police to check
(b) within 48 hours drunken drivers uses -
(c) within seven days (a) potassium dichormate-sulphuric acid
(d) within six months. (b) potassium permanganate sulphuric acid
188. For r e p r o d u c in g so u n d , CD ( c o m p a c t disc) (c) turmeric on filter paper
audioplayer uses a (d) silica gel coated with silver nitrate
(a) quartz crystal (b) titanium needle 197. In which o f the following books is 'Knowledge
(c) laser beam is Power' written?
(d) barium titanate ceramic (a) Essay on Man (b) Paradise Lost
(c) Leviathan (d) Das Capital.
189. In a three pin electrical plug, longest pin should
be connected to 198. Who said "w here w eather accum ulates, men
(a) ground terminal (b) live terminal decay"?
(c) neutral terminal (d) any terminal. (a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Mao Tsetung
(c) Karl Marx (d) Goldsmith.
190. The new addition to the commonwealth games
20 10 is 199. Which o f the following computer viruses is named
(a) shooting (b) hockey after cherry and caffein soft drink popular with pro­
(c) w'restling (d) football. grammers ?
(a) sircam (b) code pink
191. The name o f the player who established record
(c) cods red (d) malisa
in World Cup Cricket 2007 o f making six sixes
is 200. The fourth Buddist council was held during the
(a) Sanath Jaisurya (b) Virendra Sehwag reign o f
(c) Adam Gilchrist (d) Hershelle Gibbs. (a) Ashoka
192. The lateral meaning o f the word Arya is (b) Chandragupta
(a) superior (b) learned (c) Kanishka
(c) priest (d) warrior. (d) Chandragupta Vikramaditya
 PHYSICS
r SO LUTIO N S
For a planet, m oving in a circular o rbit o f

1. radius R, F = —
(<1) Rn
d 2x But, F - n m 2R
2 . (c): Acceleration = — —
dr
For part OP, the acceleration is positive as the =» jH+1
R“ I T T2
velocity is increasing. Slope is increasing. For J'Z o c l^n + I
part PO, the acceleration is zero. Horizontal straight
line shows that the velocity is zero. For part QR, T ~ R 2
acceleration is negative. It is retarded motion. 8. (a) : nt) ~ 1021 atoms/m3
Velocity is decreasing as the slope decreases with fij ~ 10 !<) atoms/m3, nL. = ?
time. Hence option (c) is correct. n,nh = n~
mv 2 n/ F
r ~r
= n} = ( I 0i9)2 = I038
3. (a): Centripetal force (/•') = ------ .\ v = w — = 1017 atoms/m^.
r Vm 21
"<! 102! 10
4. (b): Momentum o f rifle = Momentum o f bullet t t 2/
fn2v2, Also ni] > m2 9. (a) : In series combination, — + -— = —
A. j K 2 Jv

I 2
-- w,v, => 4 - + 4 - = 4 => * = ■2 K ' K l
K.E. o f rifle 2 - 1 1 A', K 2 K K\ + K 2
K.E. o f bullet 1 2 XD
10. (d) : Fringe width, p :
2 m2V2
v \ nh nh From question, d* - 3d
m. nh XD
New fringe width, Pf = -^7
d!
K.E. o f rifle is less than K.E. o f bullet.
- P' = XD - P
5. (a): Distance o f corner mass from opposite side - r 3d 3
11. (a)
-'-(if 4 12. (d) : Due to insertion o f slab, the optical path
increases by xl\i, where * is thickness o f slab.
/ “ mr2 m!2
Therefore the converging point will shift away by
6 . (c) : Using Lami's theorem, we have x- = .v| 1 - i i.
P _ R P ______ R_
sin 0 , sin 150° sinG, sin (180°-30°) 13. (a) : Velocity o f electromagnetic wave is
1.9318 kgwt _ R 1
0.9659 ~ T /I
1.9318
R = ___ x — kgwt = I kgwt.
0.9659 2 b h
7. (a) : Gravitational force, Fee 14. (d) : dEsinO *-

F where k is a constant.

1
Solutions 2008

Electric field intensity at O due to small elemental C total energy, B the P.E.
length dl o f charged ring, 20. (b) : Net charge on system = 0
I \d l 1 XadQ /. Net force on system = 0.
dE =
4 nec 4itz
Now consider one charge : T ~ qvB .
1 X
dO
4he0 a Y = f± *
Net electric field at centre O is 2 1 . (c) : A/
/
E - jW£sin 0 = j -—sin 0r/0 YA
47IE« a p ------- a / = k - A i
I
[-cosO j Force extension
47i80a
ff the extension is .v, work done in extending by dx
1
2 rcef,i7 dW = kx dx W - -A * .r 2
9
15. (a) : Impedance o f RL circuit is

z =Jr2+ xj i f at is w = ~ k (r-ir
where X/ = toL = 2 n f L
1 YA . 2
Z = p t 2 + { 2f L ) 2 . i.e. work done is ) .
2 I
16. ( c ) : Frequency o f fundamental mode o f vibrations
o f l sl closed organ pipe,

u ! = 4^ = 4 x i do ^
Frequency o f fundamental mode o f vibrations of
2 ml closed organ pipe,
v v
u, = (ii)
41-, 4x101

From question, u, - u 2

i’ v 16
4 x100 4x101 20
V 1 1 _ 16
4 ' J 00 10!. 20 v—
1 0 1 -1 0 0 I 16 r x_ L = l i
101 j 20 4 101 20
16x101x4 RXy = I ? * ! - = 5 f i .
10 + 10
323.2 m/s.
20
23. (a) : The magnetic intensity due to an isolatec
17. (a) : Stages 1 and 2 are at the same temperature.
Also stages 4 and 5 are at same temperature. mP
pole o f strength m/f at a distance (r) - —j-
As Vp is more at higher temperature and same at all
stages at equal temperature. 24. ( a ) : With increase in frequency, reactance o f LC
••• 'V, > »>, - Vp,
/s "> f!>-
rA -= * r$- circuit will increase. As a result, voltage increases
So, brightness will increase.
18. (b) : ~ — = \ N A', = XA'( 25. (c) : When heater wires are connected in series
dl
then equivalent resistance,
19. (c) : Kinetic energy is +ve (A)
jtotal energyl < jP.E.j K = *i + RZ = 2R ( v /?, - R 2)
546

r'2
X , 2 = (200)2 - ( I 0 0 )2 - 300 X 100
Rate o f heat produced,
V-y =» X , = ^3x(100)2 = IOOt/3
" ' = 27? (i) =* a>i = 100 & =t> 2 nuL = 100V3
« i« 2
„ _ _R R => 2 x rcx50x /, = 100-/3
In second case, 'V ~ ft + ft ~ jR
=> lOOx sii = 10073
or R
Rr ~ R
V 3 _ 73
V2 /, = L ~ 0.55 I I.
Rate o f heat produced, M/t = ™ n 3.14
30. (c) : Resistance o f 25 W, 200 V bulb

(>i)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get Resistance o f 100 W, 200 V bulb
Hs (J/ 2 12R) v2 R I (200)2
Hp (2K 2 / R) 2/? 2K2 4‘ Q.
100
26. (a) Clearly, R x > R2. //, >
25 W bulb will glow more brightly.
27. (a) : Lumen is the S.I. unit o f luminous flux.
31. (d)

sphere
32. (b) : The forbidden gap in the energy band o f Si
= 1.1 eV.
33. (a) : Since the wavelength o f violet light is the
28. (c):
smallest, therefore maximum deviation will occur
for violet light.
ring
Charge on ring q, centre o f ring = O 34. (d) : By truth table, >'= A + B. Therefore it is a
Centre o f sphere = O' NOR gate operation.
<1 35. (d) : Angle o f first order diffraction (0,) = 32°.
Linear charge density o f ring, A.-
2 tla We know that the angle o f diffraction for the nth
Charge on arc A B o f ring, order (0„) is given by d sin 0„ = n \ .
1 „ 2 71 For first order diffraction we get
q.w = X (arc A B ) = — -a ^
d sin 32° = 1 x X or, X ~ d sin 32°.
<!ah = <7/3 Now for second order diffraction,
i.e., charged enclosed by sphere = qi"h d sin 02 = 2 x \ or, d sin 02 = 2 x d sin 32°
Flux coming out o f sphere = q/3e0. or sin 02 - 2 x sin 32° = 2 * 0.529 = 1.06.
29. (a) : For dc, V = JR (R is resistance o f inductor) Since the sine o f any angle cannot be greater than
100 = I x R => R = 100 Q. I, therefore there is no second order diffraction.
36. (a)
For ac, Z = ^ R 2 + x j
37. (a) : We know that J = AY1e~hrr
v V = IZ
= A e-m
T2
ioo=o.5^y?2+x\
Taking log both side, we get
100 = 0.5 ^(100)2 + x 2 -h/T
lo^ J T = loS A A - e

J O O - ^ d O O ^ + . V /2
logc p - = I°S, • ' I "
Solutions 2008

Comparing with y = mx + C 46. (b)

we get correct option (a). 47. (b) : Hardness penetrating power o f X-ray depends
38. (c) : /?0 = 5 cm, /?,- = ? upon accelerating voltage applied across X-ray tube.
// = —100 cm, R = - 2 0 cm. / = - 1 0 cm Characteristic X-ray relate to the material o f target.
Usim> mirror formula, X-ray can’t pass through matter o f heavier element
1 ._JL like bones (which contain phosphorus and calcium)
iV + 1u 4 j V 100 10 but can pass through matter o f lighter element as
J ____ 1_ 1- 10 ^ 9 flesh (which contain oxygen, hydrogen and carbon)
100 10 100 100
48. (d) : Emission transitions can take place between
100 cm.
any higher energy level and any energy level below
9
it while absorption transitions start from the lowest
!l = — => energy level only and may end at any higher energy
}b u 5 cm 100
/,. = 5/9 = o.55 cm. level. Hence number o f absorptions transitions
between two given energy level. Hence number of
39. (b) : Magnifying power o f compound microscope absorptions transitions between two given energy
levels is always less than the number o f emission
M = —

fv J f, transitions between the same two levels.

40. (c)
R,
41. (b) : From, / = ,/2
-I
T [MLT~2] Ri
4/2/ 2 LT L
Mass
linear mass density. /
length
1.5-1.33
42. (c) : As time o f flight,
1.33
2 ?/ sin 0 2(/m )sin9
T~ T = nT 0.13x2 20

But range
8
/ 20 0.26
/ = 76.92 cm.
//2 s i ii 29 s i n 20
R R = = n 'R . 50. (b)
8 8
51. (d) : It is quite clear that magnetic poles always
43. (c) : A needle placed carefully on the surface of
exists in pairs. Since, one can imagine magnetic
water may float due to surface tension as upward
field configuration with three poles. When north
force due to surface tension balances the weight o f
poles or south poles o f two mangets arc glued
the needle. But these upward force due to surface
to g e th e r. T h ey p r o v id e a th r e e po le field
tension are very small as compared to weight o f ball.
configuration. It is also know that a bar magnet does
Also the weight o f liquid displaced by the ball
not exert a torque on itself due to own its field.
immersed in liquid is less than the weight o f the ball,
hence ball sinks into the liquid.
52. ( b ) : When the displacement o f a particle executing
44. (a) : Green flower emit all folour except green and
SHM is y, then its
the emitted colours are dominated by red colour. So
flower appear black.
K.E. ~ ^-wco2( a 2 - y 2) and
45. ( c ) : Assertion is correct but reason is false because
inductance reactance A", ~ 2nfL. So, higher frequency 1 2 ">
RE. ~ —n m y ~ .
greater inductance reactance.
548

Tor A'. E. ~ P. E. or 2y 2 ™a2 o r , y ~ o l - j 2 . Since total H:Te acidity goes on increasing on going down
energy remains constant through out the motion, the group as bond length increases on increasing
which is E~- K.E. + PE. So, when P.E. is maximum size o f central atom. So, pH., < pH j < pH2
then K.E. is zero and vice versa. Overall order is pH, > pH 2 > pH? > pH.,
53. (c) : Eiectric shock is due to the electric current 64. (b) :
flowing through a living body. When the bird perches CH, CH. CH,
on a single high power line, no current passes through
its body because its body is at equipotential surface
i.e., there is no potential difference. While when
:oj»rer*
man touches the same line, standing bare foot on
ground the electrical circuit is completed through
the ground. The hands o f man are at high potential
and his feets are at low potential. Hence large amount
o f current flows through the body o f the man and
person therefore gets a fatal shock.
54. (b) : Stopping potential is a measure o f maximum
k in e tic e n e rg y o f e m itte d p h o to e le c tr o n
(el =K ) and A'11W
Xdepends upon the frequency
o f incident light but is independent o f intensity.
55. (a)
56. (a) : Magnetic moment, M = nlA
57. (a) : V - E ■ l(R + r)
58. (a)
59. (d) : The force on a charged particle moving in a
uniform magnetic field always acts in direction
perpendicular to the direction o f motion o f the
charge. As work done by magnetic field on the charge
is zero. FS cosO], so the energy o f the charged
particle does not change.
60. (a)

CHEMISTRY
65. (d ): 2 4B2(k) ± 2 A B lK)+ B 2(Ki
01
Cl 10 Initial 2 0 0
61. <b) : A' is O w h ic h u n d e rg o e s Equilibrium I— 2.V „v
Moles at equilibrium = 2(1 ~ .r) + 2„y -+* x
Cannizzaro’s reaction to give Z. - 2 ~ 2x + 2x + x — x + 2 .
62. (b) : Slowest step o f mechanism decides the rate 2x
expression. Thus rate ~ A '[ N 0 2j[F2]. [P,\n\ [Pn7] { 7 T 2 XP) [ 2 r x Xp
63 . (d) : I N a.O + H , 0 2NaOH [P.-w.) 2{\~x)
-------------- X p
II Na,S + H:0 -> 2NaOH + H2S x+2
III N a ; S e •+ H20 -» 2NaOH + H2Se 4.r
IV Na,Te + H20 -* 2NaOH + H2Te = x + 2 X p = 4*~ x P y 1
I w'ill have the highest pH. Among H2S, H2Se, 4(1-A ')3 2 4
S olutions 2008

CH3 CH(OAc)2 CHO

1/3
2K
(as 1 ~ Jf w 1, 2 + jt w 2) 69. (a) : f Q ' C r03
(CM3C 0 ) 20

66. (a) : Cisplatin is effective in curing cancer 70. (b) : Weight o f Ag required = V * d
H 3N \ /C l
= 80 x 5 x 10- 3 x 1.05 = 0.42
Pt
Eit
^Cl IV =
96500
67. (b) :lt is a method o f preparation o f cycloalkanes. 108x3xf
0.42 = ( = 125 sec.
96500
CHj - CH = CH — CH3 + CHCl3 {CH^ C - ° K»
71. (a) : The empirical relation,
CH,
I 3
v/2.( ™ = kcu", put forward by Freundiich is known
C R - CH — CH — CH. + CH,— C — OH + KC1
> \ / 3 1 ,
as Freundlich's adsorption isotherm. Taking log on
/ C\ CH> both sides
Cl Cl
log f ™ | = log k + ~ log c
68. (b) \m ) n
H H
H
H3C ■ OH + Na -> H ,C 72. (a) : CH, - CH, - CH, - CH2 - C - H
D D
l-ch!oropcntane Cl
H absence o f asymmetric carbon atom.
CHjBr
> H3C OCH3 73. (c) : As it has plane o f symetry
-B r-
D ::h 3
retention o f
configuration 11 OH

1 1 ......... “OH
<
H H
H,C OH + TsC! OTs Cl U
H,C
D D
H
H,CO- CH,
«3V!i
D
inversion
H
H,C — I— CH = C H 2 + Hg(OAc)2 + CH3OH
D
H OCH,
NaBIL
> H 3C CH,
MarkownikoO’s
addition D H
retention 76. ( d ) : This defect arises when a compound has excess
metal ion. If a negative ion is absent from its lattice
site leaving a hole occupied by electron. The holes
H,C > H3C — J— o c c u p ie d by e le c tro n s are ca lle d
D F- centres. Greater the number o f F-centres greater
retention is the intensity o f colour.
77. (b) : Trinitrotoluene (TNT) with ammonium nitrate CH^
I
is extensively employed as blasting explosive. H - , C - C - C I +AICI3

78‘ <»> : O —OH CH-,

H ’C^ c h / C H - h 3c - i - c h 3

o,
— i— 5
Catalyst

Cumene Phenol
+ (CH.O 2CO
79. (c) : On long storage in contact with air and
moisture, oils and fats develop unpleasant smell.
This process is known as ranicidification. It is due
C(CH ,)?
to
(a) Enzymatic hydrolysis - producing bad smelling
Q l + AICI3 + HC1
lower fatty acids.
(b) Oxidation o f unsaturated acids - producing
84. (c) : H ;S 0 4 is strong acid having pH < 7. N a N 0 :
aldehydes and ketones.
on hydrolysis gives alkaline solution o f pH > 7.
80. (a) : It is an example o f pseudo unimolecular NaCl is neutral and H2S is weak acid.
reaction where molecularity> 2 but order o f reaction
85. ( a ) : The enzyme must contain at least-one atom o f
is one.
Se.
Rate = k [Sugar] [H20 ]
y 0.5 g o f Se is present in 100 g o f enzyme
In the reaction, water is present in excess and its
100x78.4
concentration is taken to be constant, thus the 78.4 g o f Se will be present in
0.5
reaction becomes independent o f [H20 ] and is = 1.576 x lO^g o f enzymes
pseudo first order.
81. (a): a ,0

2C6H5CI + CI^CCHO■■■■■**% > CI-,0 - H

-Cl
86. (d) X
XS S= 0 C yclic, trim cr

\ = / o/ / V 0 ^ o
D.D.T.
82. (d) : Phenol couples with phthalic anhydride in OH
-H ,0
presence of conc. H2SO^ to form phenoiphthalein o
87. (a) * n >
which is used as an indicator : OH
O 0 -H!04
> O H-(CH 2^ C H O
II II
To cuase oxidative cleavage o f bonds carrying
groups prone to undergo oxidation. One mole of
reagent is required to cleave one bond.
88. ( a ) : In H20 , electronegativity difference is highest.
So, dipole moment is highest in this. CH., is a
symmetrical tetrahedral structure and its dipole
moment is zero.

99. (c) : u =
83. (d) :
Solutions 2008

R-iNI I -r MONO
3Rx2T
If T = 27’ and M - A//2, then ?/j =
M il ’ I
R2NNO + H20
^=V4=2. Dialkyl nitrosoamine
n
97. ( a ) : Baeyer's process = Bauxite ore is roasted as to
90. (c) : Pt (H2) P, atm. j Pt(H2) P2 atm.
convert FeO into Fc2Ot
For spontaneous reaction, should be positive
so P | > P2 Roasted ore -f- NaOH —°c > NaAIO-,
80 atm
0.059, I] ii>±2Lg!?> Al (OH).,
^ccll "
2 ft
Also, if l \ > P2 oxidation occurs at L.H.S. electrode ___________ l j ia0H
and reduction occurs at R.H.S. electrode. 98. (a) : Hypophosphoric acid is
(b) : Molecule is simply amine in nature. 0 O
II II
92. (b) : £ % = 0.76 - 0.41 = 0.35 V. H O -P -P -O H
1 I
93. ( d ) : Solution which contains large number o f ions HO OH
compared to another solution o f same concentration Pyrophosphoric acid
at the same temperature has more conductance and OH OH
t 1
is said to be stronger electrolyte. The one which 0 < — P - O - P —* 0
has relatively small number o f ions is called weak I I
OH OH
electrolyte, if concentration o f respective electrolyte Metasphoric acid
w as in c re ase d , the eq u iv a le n t c o n d u c ta n c e j HOv y 0 x / 0 11
decreased in each case, but rapid decrease in P I>
equivalent conductance is seen in weak electrolyte.
n \i Orthophosphoric acid
94. (I>): Density 0
,'Y x a 3
f
4 x58.5 H O -P -O H
_ _ = 2.17 g / c m \ 1
6.023 x 10“J x (5.64 x 10 ) OH
99. (a) : (UNO;, + H2S 0 4) will g e n e r a te N O 0
95. (c) :
O OH (nitronium ion) which will give nitrobenzene,
II ..+ 1 - + __ as - N O i is deactivating and m eta directing
R - C - RR ~ C ~ R 11 - N - N_=eN>
4 OH so, product formed will be 3-nitrochlorobenzene.

R -C -R
100 . (c) : It follows Huckel's rule o f ( 4 n + 2)n
/ \ e electrons. I f w(e keep /; - 0
H~N - N=N
the total num ber o f n electrons will be 2 .

So, follows the arom aticity rule w hereas

R -C -N H R
II options (a), (b), (d) have 4it electrons.
O
101 . ( b ) : HSOy is a bulky nucleophile, hence, cannot
attack on sterically hindered ketones.
11,0 - 1r .
R - C = N - R— R - C = N R ^ - > R - C=NR
102. (a) : G reater the num ber o f H -atom s present
r+l
SOH,
ei
OH on the carbon atoms a to unsaturation the m ore
reso n a tin g form s are. p o ssib le due to
96. ( c ) : Secondary' amines form nitrosoamines which j hyperconjugation and thus greater is the stability
are yellow oily liquids insoluble in water. s o f carb onium ion.
 c h 3 CH-.H it is a thermoplastic.
il ‘
H -.C -C ® <- H ,C -C
/ I
CH, CH,
(9-equivalent Ibnns) U 2.
103. (3) :H 2 and CU react chemically. Hence Dalton’s
law is not applicable. Dalton's law states that “at
a given temperature, the total pressure exerted by
two or more non-reacting gases occupying a (/-orbital splitting in an
octahedral crystal field
definite volume is equal to the sum o f the partial
In high spin situation, A<, < P, in d 5 configuration,
pressures o f the component gases.”
4th and 5,h electron are added to rather than t2r
2; So configuration o f cF ion will be /■!, e2y.
104. (a) : £ =
trh 2
where n = principal quantum number which has 113. (d) : Non-oxidising acids (HC1 and dil. H2SO.,) do
only integral value, it follows that total energy is not have any effect on copper. However they
quantized. dissolve the metal in presence o f air. As it is a non-
spontaneous process so, AG can not be -ve.
105. ( a ) : Solid + heat ^ liquid. So on heating forward
reaction is favoured and amount o f solid will 114. (d) : Molarity equation is written as
jV/| f'j = M 2V2 thus if the V2 changes M 2 also
decrease.
changes.
106. (si) : C y c lo h e x a n o n e ex ists in tw o readily
interconvertible different structures leading to Molarity = ------- moles o f solute-------
volume o f solution in litre
dynamic equilibrium known as tautomerism.
115. (c) : Aniline is weaker base than ammonium
0 OH chlordie. In NH4CI or aliphatic amines, then non-
bonding electron pair o f N is localised and is fully
available for coordination with a proton.
keto enol C6H5N H 3
107. (c) : - OH gro up show s + M effect and is an (stronger acid) (weakcr-conjugate base)

activating group, m o reove r the arenium ion o f On the other hand, in aniline and other aromatic
phenolic substitution is more stable. a m in e s , th e n o n - b o n d in g e l e c tro n p a ir is
Oil ^:OH OH delocalised into benzene ring by resonance.

^ r

108. (b) : The factor 7AS" increases with increase in

temperature.
109. (a) :
110 . (b) : The reaction involved is
CaOCU + H2S 0 4 CaSO,i + H20 + Cl2
The available chlorine may be defined as the % o f But anilinium ion is less resonance stabilised than
chlorine liberated when one mole o f bleaching aniline
powder (127 g) is treated with excess o f dilute
®NH3
h 2so.,.
111. (b) : Due to presence o f strong C-F bonds teflon > n o other resonating
has high thermal stability and chemical intertness. structure possible.
As, it softens on heating and can be remoulded. So,
Solutions 2008
116. (a)
117. ( a ) : Saytzeffs rule : The alkene formed in greatest
amount is the one that corresponds to removal o f
the hydrogen from the (3-carbon having the fewest
hydrogen substituent.
In case o f 2° and 3° ale. Saytzeffs rule is followed
H3C - C \ i 2 - CM ~ Cl 13 H3C C H = C H - CH3
0 11 + m2o
118 . ( c ) : SeCl.! possesses see-saw geometry, which can
be regarded as a distorted trigonal bipyramidal
structure, having one lone pair o f electrons in the
basal position o f the trigonal bipyramid. See-saw
c p o n e b y a f S d l ^ molecules arises due to the s p \ l
hybridisation o f the central atom. The distortion in
shape is due to the presence o f one lone pair of
electrons.
119. (a) : Liq. NH^ has high heat o f vaporisation
(327 cal/g). So, it takes up lots o f heat and helps
in cooling. So, it is used in ice-plants.
120. (a) : Due to the presence o f lone pair o f electrons
on oxygen atom, ethers behave as base and form
stable oxonium salts with mineral acids.
C ,H S- O - CJ-I<4 MCI -> C ,HS- O - C J i Cl
II
Diethyl oxonium
chloride
BIOLOGY
121. (b) : The environmental factors which can check
the grow th o f population size constitute the
environmental resistance. These include predators,
food, water, nesting sites, similar competitors, etc.
All living things tend to reproduce until the point
at which their environment becomes a limiting
factor. No population, human or otherwise, can
grow indefinitely; eventually, some biotic or abiotic
variable will begin to limit population growth.
122 (c) : The activated spermatozoan on reaching the
egg plasma membrane, undergoes a number of
changes in its acrosomal region. All these changes
are collectively described under acrosome reaction.
Acrosome reaction is calcium-dependent involving
massive uptake o f calcium and sodium with an
efflux o f hydrogen generating high pH and osmotic
pressure, producing negative surface charge, and
partial or total release o f the acrosomal enzymes.
Calcium in flux may a c tiv a te p h o s p h o lip a s e
resulting in accumulation o f unsaturated fatty acids
and fusiogenic iysophospholipids contributing to
acrosome reaction.
123. ( a ) : Keystone species are those species which has
significant and disproportionately large influence
on the community structure and characteristics. It
has often considerably low abundance and biomass
as compared to dominant species. Removal o f such
species causes serious disruption in structure and
function o f community.
124. (b) : Setratio marcescens is considered a harmful
human pathogen which has been known to cause
urinary tract infections, wound infections, and
pneumonia. Serratio bacteria also have many
antibiotic resistance properties which may become
important if the incidence o f Serratia infections
dramatically increases.
125. (c) : Clotting o f collected blood can be prevented
by-
- coating test tubes with silicon (which produce
non wettable surface similar in its smoothness to
endothelial lining o f blood vessels).
- adding chelating agents (includes trisodium
citrate, sodium oxalate and sodium EDTA) which
remove calcium which is important for blood
coagulation, and prevent blood clotting.
- adding Heparin, most powerful anticoagulant
w h ich acts in d ire ctly by a c tiv a tin g p la sm a
antithrombin III. Heparin is effective both in vivo
and in vitro. Whereas the option a, b and d are
effective in vitro.
Heparinized blood is not suitable for blood counts
(as it alters the shape o f RBC’s and W B C’s which
affects blood te stin g ), Fragility te stin g and
complement fixation tests. Hence (c) is the correct
answer.
126. ( c ) : Cancer is caused by cells dividing repeatedly
out o f control. They cease to respond to the normal
signals around them and form unspecialised masses
o f cells called tumours. Lung cancer usually starts
in the epithelium o f the bronchioles, so-called
bronchial carcinom a. It then usually spreads
throughout the lungs. It is caused almost exclusively
by smoking. Tobacco smoke contains chemicals
responsible for lung cancer. The most important o f
 these are polycyclic hydrocarbons which are i
converted in the body to carcinogens.
B e sid e s, c a rb o n m o n o x id e c o m b in es with
haemoglobin and reduces oxygen transport by about
15% in smokers and nicotine increases blood
pressure, heart rate and constriction of blood vessels.
127. (cl): A major problem in the treatment o f bacterial
mediated diseases is that many bacteria have been
found to show resistance to antibiotics. The
emergence ofantibiotic-resistant bacteria is closely
linked to the extent that antibiotics are used in
humans and items o f human diet. Resistant strains
may appear rapidly or slowly, according to the
amount or type o f antibiotic used. Bacteria occur
in such large numbers that there is a high chance of
a mutant individual eventually appearing in the
population. As soon as it does, use of the antibiotic
to which it is resistant will give it a selective
advantage over non-resistant types and it will
multiply and eventually become the dominant type.
Antibiotics may also be destroyed by enzymes inside
the cells being targetted. A w ell-know n and
important example is the group o f enzymes known
as penicillinases which hydrolyses and destroys
penicillins and cephalosporins.
128. ( d ) : Diptheria, leprosy and plague are the bacterial
diseases o f humans. Diptheria is a serious air-borne
contagious disease. It is caused by Cornyhacterium
t/ipiheriae which is a Gram-positive bacterium. It
is in h a led th ro u g h d ro p le ts and rea ches to
respiratory tract and infects it. Leprosy or Hansen's
disease is a contact disease, caused by bacterium
Mycobacterium leprae. It degenerates the tissues
and deforms the body organs. Plague is a disease
caused by bacterium Yersinia peslis or Pas feu re!la
peslis.
129. ( h ) : Binding o f antibodies to the antigens produces
a large insoluble complex known as agglutination.
It is a specific reaction, i.e., a particular antigen will
only clump in the presence o f its specific antibody.
Each antibody has two antigen binding sites. It
com bines with two antigens, causing them to
agglutinate.
130. (a) : The predator develops a preference to other
diets and can give unforeseen negative results that
could outweigh all benefits. For example, when the
mongoose was introduced in Hawaii in order to
control the rat population, it preyed on the endemic
birds o f Hawaii, especially their eggs, more often
than it ate the rats. As most of the birds feed on
insect and keep insect p o p u la tio n low. T he
mangoose who destroy birds acts as secondary pest.
131. (c): Dicumarol is an anticoagulant found in spoilts
sw eet clo v e r c a u se s h e m o rr h a g e and o th e r
symptoms o f bleeding disorder by disrupting
vitamin K metabolism and preventing the activation
o f prothrombin and certain other clotting factors
by the liver.
132. (b ) : T he p r o p a g a tio n th r o u g h v e g e ta tiv e
multiplication is used to maintain the genetic traits
of a given plant. It gives rise to genetically uniform
population or clone. In case o f plants propagated
through seeds, variations creep in due to chance
segregation o f genes during meiosis and their
chance combination during fertilization.
133. ( d ) : Bacteria attacking the dead animals represent
the end o f the food chain and are decomposers.
These are the organisms that obtain energy from
chemical breakdown o f organisms. They secrete
enzymes onto dead matter and then absorb the
breakdown products. Bacteria are specialised to
breakdown organic materials that arc difficult for
other organisms to digest. They also fulfil U vital
role in the ecosystem, returning the constituents o f
organic matter to the environment in inorganic
forms so that they can again be assimilated by
producers.
134. (d) : Symbiosis means "living together". It is a
beneficial coaction between two (or more) different
species in which one or both the species are
benefited and neither species is harmed. Symbiotic
r e la tio n s h ip s are m a n if e s te d th ro u g h
commensalism, protocooperation and mutualism
and are widespread in nature. Commensalism is
an association or relationship between two different
organism s in w hich one is always b enefited
w h ile the o th e r is n e ith e r b e n e f ite d n or
harmed. This relationship may be permanent or
temporary and the benefit derived from the other
organism may consist o f protection, transportation,
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living space and food. P rotocooperation is a into 2 male gametes. Thus even after killing the
r e la tio n sh ip betw e en tw o sp e cie s, w hich is generative cell with a laser beam, the pollen grain
favourable but not obligatory to both. Mutualism is produces normal pollen tube because the vegetative
a relationship between two or more individuals of cell has not been damaged.
different species in which all are benefited by one 139. (d) : Simple or unconditional reflexes are present
another. in an individual right from birth. They are specific,
135. (c) : At sexual maturity, the undifferentiated predictable, purposeful and have survival value,
primordial germ cells divide several times by mitosis e.g. breast feeding and swallowing in newly born
to produce a large number o f spermatogonia. Each babies and blinking o f eyes are exam ples o f
spermatogonium actively grows to a larger primary unconditioned reflexes, (a), (b) and (c) are the
s p e rm a to c y te . Each prim a ry s p e rm a to c y te examples o f conditional reflexes and are not
u n d e r g o e s tw o s u c c e ssiv e d iv is io n s, called present at birth but develop later in life through
maturation divisions. The first maturation division learning habit.
is reductional or meiotic. Hence, the primary 140. ( d ) : Unlike Cycas and Finns, Gneium shows the
spermatocyte divides into two haploid daughter cells occurrence o f vessel elements and the absence o f
called secondary spermatocytes. Both secondary archegonia. Archegonia are altogether absent in the
spermatocytes now undergo second maturation female gametophyte and vessels occur in the xylem
division which is an ordinary mitotic division to along with the tracheids in the secondary wood.
form, four haploid spermatids. Thus each secondary Thus Gnetum shows affinities with angiosperms.
spermatocyte gives rise to two spermatids that Besides it resembles angiosperms in several other
undergo transform ation to form tw o sperms. aspects like presence oftetrasporic embryo sac, free
Overall, both secondary spermatocytes give rise to n u c le a r d iv is io n s in the e m b ry o sac, tw o
four sperms. cotyledonous embryo etc.
136. (b) : Growth regulators are organic substances, 141. ( a ) : Vagus nerve arises from the side o f medulla
other than nutrients, which in low concentration oblongata. It innerv ates the larynx, trachea,
regulate growth, differentiation and development oesophagus, stomach, lungs, heart and intestines.
by p r o m o tin g or in h ib itin g the sam e. It is a mixed nerve. It controls the visceral
Phytohormones are growth regulators produced sensations and visceral movements, i.e., heart beat,
naturally in plants and translocated to another r e sp ir a to ry m o v e m e n ts , p e r is t a ls is , so u n d
region for regulating one or more physiological prod u ctio n , etc. M ovem en t o f the to n g u e is
reactions when present in low concentration. controlled by hypoglossal nerve as it innervates the
Phytohormone can have a promoting or inhibiting muscles o f the tongue.
effect on a process.
142. (a) : Lubb (first sound, systolic sound) is the first
137. ( b ) : Grey crescent is the area just opposite to me I heart sound which is low pitched, not very loud, o f
site of entry o f sperm into ovum. It marks the future j long duration (about 0.15 seconds) and is produced
dorsal side o f the embryo. j partly due to closure o f atrio-ventricular valves
138. (cl) : During the post-pollination development, j ( tricu sp id and b ic u s p id ) and partly by the
germination o f pollen grain takes place. The pollen contraction o f the muscles in the ventricles.
grain absorbs water and nutrients on the stigma 143. ( a ) : Part o f feitilizers added to crop fields are passed
from the stigmatic secretion through its germ pores. down to water bodies during rains through surface
The tube or vegetative ceil enlarges and comes out run-off. Presence o f extra nutrients brings about
o f the pollen grain through one o f the germ pores dense gro w th o f pla n t and anim al life. The
or g e rm in a l furrow s to form a pollen tube, j phe n o m e n o n is ca lle d e u t r o p h i c a t io n .
Generative cell does not produces pollen tube j Eutrophication leads to organic loading, depletion
instead it passes into the pollen tube and divides ! o f oxygen, death o f animals and fouling o f water.
144. {(1): The egg cell is one o f the haploid cell of egg
apparatus present in the micropylar end o f embryo
sac in seeded plants. It is also called oosphere and
represents the single female gamete o f the embryo
sac. Antipodal cells are the haploid cells, usually
three in number, present in embryo sac at the
opposite end o f micropyle. Their function is
unknown and at fertilization, they may disintegrate
or multiply and enlarge.
145. ( b ) : Affinity o f carbon monoxide for haemoglobin
is 200 times more than oxygen. At 0.5 partial
pressure, CO combines with 50% o f haemoglobin.
It produces a relatively stable compound called
carboxy-haemoglobin. This causes low supply of
oxygen to the body which is characterised by
headache, dizziness, nausea, etc.
146. (a) : A patient o f diabetes mellitus is unable to
produce or fail to utilize insulin hormone. Thus,
he is unable to store glucose in the form o f
glycogen. Hence, he started to excrete glucose in
the urine. A patient is kept in carbohydrate free
diet yet he excretes glocose in urine becuase high
level o f glucose not only depends on dietary
c a r b o h y d r a te s b ut also on g ly c o g e n o ly s is
( d e g r a d a tio n o f g ly c o g e n in liver) and
gluconeogenesis (breakdown of fats into glucose
in adipose tissues and coversion o f muscle lactate
into glucose via cori cycle).
147. (tl) : Life cycle o f F.hepatica is complete and
completed in two hosts. Primary host, in which the
adult fluke lives, is sheep. While the intermediate
host, in which numerous larval stages are passed,
is a snail {Lynmaea, Planar bis, etc.). This type of
life cycle, involving two different kinds o f hosts, is
termed digenetic.
Miracidium larva is the larval stage involved in life
cycle. When suitable conditions become available,
the encapsulated embryo, in 4-15 days, differentiates
into a miracidium larva. It hatches out and swims
in water. Metacercaria develops into adult fluke only
inside its definitive host or sheep. The latter gets
infection by grazing on leaves and grass blades to
which the cysts are attached. Metacercaria survives
action o f host’s gastric juice as its cyst is insoluble
in it. Cyst wall finally dissolves in proximal part o f
intestine and liberates the larva.
148. (d) : Enzymes are protein that, in small amounts,
speed up the rate of a biological reactions and help
in regulating metabolism.
Hormones are also metabolic regulator and help
in stim u la tio n or in hibition o f one or more
physiological processes.
Vitamines are accessory food factors which are
r eq u ired in sm a ll q u a n t ity for c o n t r o l l i n g
metabolism and body functioning.
149. (b)
150. ( n ) : The process by which N, is reduced to NH4+
is called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogenase enzyme
catalyzes this reduction. It is only carried out by
prokaryotic microorganisms. Principal N,-fixers
include certain free living c y a n o b a c te ria in
symbiotic associations with fungi in lichens or with
ferns, mosses, and liverworts, and by bacteria or
other microbes associated symbiotically with roots,
especially those o f legumes. About 15 percent o f
the nearly 20,00 0 s p e c ie s in the fab a c e a e
(Leguminosae) family have been examined for N,
fixation, and approximately 90 percent o f these have
root nodules in which fixation occurs. So without
active nitrogenase enzyme there will be no N,
fixation in legumes.
151. (c) : Hallucination means apparent perception of
external objects or sounds not actually present. It
is caused by psychedelic drugs or hallicinogens.
The hallucinogens act mainly on CNS (central
nervous system) and greatly alter one's thoughts,
feelings and perceptions. Hashish is the example
o f hallucinogen,
152. ( b ) : In CAM plants stomata open at night. In these
plants night acidification occurs, i.e., malic acid is
sy nthesised durin g night due to in c o m p le te
oxidation o f carbohydrates.
In night, 2 C ,H ,,0 (i + 3 0 , ~-> 3C ,H ,p , + 3 H ,0
(malic acid)
I
leads to opening o f stomata
At n ig h t m a lic acid fo rm e d in g uard ce lls
d iss o cia tes into H* and m alate ions. K ‘ ion
exchange from subsidiary cells with H+ ions. Thus
due to accumulation o f K+ ions osmotic pressure
j o f guard cells increases, endosmosis occurs and
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guard cells become turgid due to which stomata
opens. The malic acid at day time breaks into C 0 2
and pyruvic acid thus increasing the concentration
o f C 0 2 in mesophyll cells. This is utilised in Calvin
cycle to form sugar which is finally converted into
starch.
153. (b) : In the apices o f some roots, (e.g., Zea mays,
maize), there is a central region o f cells which
normally does not divide. This central inactive
region was called quiescent centre by F.A.L. Clowes
(1959, 1961). The cells o f this region have lesser
amounts o f RNA and DNA so they have small
nuclei. These cells also have a lower rate o f protein
synthesis. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
are less developed. The cells o f the quiescent centre
are usually inactive. However, if already existing
meristematic cells are injured or become inactive
due to any other reason, the cells o f quiescent centre
become active.
154. (d ) : T h e r m o c o c c u s , M e th a n o c o c c u s and
Methanobacteriwn exemplify archaebacteria that
lack any histones resem bling those found in
e u k a r y o te s b ut w h o s e D NA is n e g a tiv e ly
supercoiled. Archaebacteria do not have a nucleus,
the genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm.
They consist o f ribosomal RNA. DNA contains a
single, circular molecule, which is compact and
tightly wound. No protein is associated with DNA.
The archaebacterial cell may contain plasmids,
which are small, circular pieces o f DNA and have
a highly negatively supercoiled DNA.
155. ( a ) : Stele is a column containing vascular tissues
which is surrounded by pericycle and separated
from ground tissue by endodermis.
Siphonosleie is medullated protostele or protostele
with a central non-vascuiar pith. Leaf gaps are
absent. Siphonostele is o f two types :
In E c t o p h lo ic s ip h o n o s te le , ce n tra l pith is
s u rro u n d e d su c ce ssiv e ly by xylem, phloem ,
p e r ic y c le and e n d o d e r m is . In a m p h ip h lo ic
siphonostele there is a central pith and xylem is
surrounded on either side by phloem, pericycle and
e n d o d e r m is . It is f o u n d in O sn m n d a and
lufttiselum.
156. ( c ) : Chlorenchymaorassimilatory parenchyma are
p a re n c h y m a to u s cells that possess ab u ndant
c h lo ro p la s ts in them . T hey are c a p a b le o f
photosynthesis. A spore capsule o f moss can
perform photosynthesis because o f the presence of
chlorenchyma cells in them.
157. (b) : The physical distance between two genes
determines both the strength o f the linkage and the
frequency o f the crossing over between two genes.
The strength o f the linkage increases with the
closeness o f the two genes. On the other hand the
frequency o f crossing over increases with the
increase in the physical distance between the two
genes.
158. ( d ) : The plants, in which a functional foreign gene
has been incorporated by any biotechnological
methods that generally is not present in plant, are
called transgenic plants. When plant cell are
transformed by any o f the transformation methods
it is necessary to isolate the transformed cells/tissue.
There are certain selectable marker genes present
in vectors that facilitate the selection process. In
transformed cells the selectable marker genes or are
introduced through vector. There is a number of
marker genes which are commonly described as
reporter genes screenable genes. Some o f the
reporter genes which are most commonly used in
plant transformation are : cat, gus, lux, nptll., etc.
159. ( c ) : Since a typical green plant is diploid, therefore
it has two sets o f chromosomes. So the number of
genome will be two, because genome is the entire
set o f gene carried by a gamete or present in the
haploid cell o f a particular organism.
160. ( b ) : Under continuous supply o f food and space in
the laboratory conditions the bacterial population
grows exponentially and shows a J-shaped curve,
thus the curve would be hyperbolic.
------- ► tim e
Such p opu la tio n s ultim ately crash when the
population size grows beyond carrying capacity.
161. ( a ) : In all the septate fungi except basidiomycetes
(dolipore septum), the septa are seldom complete.
They are perforated and contain plasmodesmata
 or sm all central pores. Septal pores allo w
protoplasmic continuity between adjacent cells,
This is useful for quick translocation o f nutrients
lo all part o f the body, mobilisation o f reserve
materials from older parts to younger parts and
from vegetative hyphae to reproductive hyphae.
162. ( a ) : The haploid spores on germination gives rise j 168. (c) : Any seed which contains endosperm or
(o alga-like filamentous branched portion called
primary protonema. This protonema develops buds,
from which leafy gametophyte arises. Sometimes
this primary protonema breaks up into small
fragments accidentally and these fragments give
rise to leafy gametophores.
163. ( c ) : Cephalization is the concentration o f nervous
tissues and sense organs in or towards the anterior
end forming a distinct head. It provides greater
prominence and domination o f the head over the
rest o f the body. It does not improve the appearance
o f the animal.
164. (c) : Koel is a nest parasite and does not build a
nest o f its own. It simply lays its eggs in a crow's
nest so that the eggs and young ones, are looked
after by the foster parents.
165. (c) : Competitive inhibition is the inhibition of
enzyme activity by the presence o f a chemical that
competes with the substrate for binding to the
active site o f the enzyme. The inhibitor chemical
is called su b stra te ana logue or com petitive
inhibitor. It resembles the substrate in structure
and gets bound up to the active site o f the enzyme
without getting transformed by the latter.
166. ( c ) : Haemophilia, also called bleeder's disease is
a X-linked recessive disorder. The person which
contains the recessive gene for haemophilia lacks
a normal clotting substance (thromboplastin) in
blood. So minor injuries cause continuous bleeding
and ultimate death ofthe person due to hemorrhages.
Haemophilia is o f two types : type A characterized
by lack o f anti-haemophilic globulin (factor VIII)
and type B characterized by a defect in plasma
thromboplastic component (factor IX).
Prothrombin is an inactive plasma protein and is
produced by liver. It helps in blood clotting. It is
not produced by platelets.
167. (a) : The hybridoma cells are shifted to a medium
! deficient in nutrient which cannot be synthesized
j by myeloma cells so that myleoma cells could be
j removed or hybridoma cells could be purified.
j The unfused myleoma cells die while hybridoma
j cells survive. The hybridoma cells are allowed to
j multiply separately.
[ perisperm at maturity is called albuminous or
I endospermic seed i.e., food reserve o f the seed
j is stored in endosperm or perisperm, e.g. rubber,
! coconut, castor bean, maize and other cereals.
j Seed that does not have endosperm at maturity
and in which cotyledons absorb food reserve from
endosperm during development and act as storage
organs is called exalbuminous or non-endospermic
seed, e.g., mustard, groundnut, bean, pea etc.
169. (b) : Trachea and large bronchi are lined by
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
bearing g landular cells (m uco us gland). The
secretion o f mucous glands keeps the walls o f
trachea and large bronchi moist and traps dust
particles which enter with the air. The vibratile
cilia o f the epithelium then carry the mucous
containing dust particles upto the larynx where
they can be spitted out.
170. ( a ) : Light has got no direct effect on the rate o f
transpiration but indirectly it affects the rate in
two ways firstly by controlling the stomatal opening
and secondly by affecting the temperature. With
the increase in the light intensity the rate o f
transpiration increases because the stomata get
opened and the temperature increases. The rate
o f transpiration increases markedly in light and
decreases in dark. There is a close relationship
between the opening o f stomata and presence o f
light.
171. (b) : Oxygen accum ulation causes substantial
in h ib itio n o f p h o to s y n t h e s is . B oth ox y g en
| evolution and C 0 2 assimilation were reduced in
j the presence o f atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen
j causes a direct and indeed competitive inhibition
j o f Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. As a result
glycolate synthesis is enhanced and leads to begin
photorespiration. Carbon dioxide being one o f
the raw m a te r ia ls for p h o to s y n t h e s is , its
S olutions 2008
concentration affects the rate o f photosynthesis
markedly, Because o f its very low concentration
in atmosphere (0.03 per cent only) it acts as a
limiting factor in natural photosynthesis.
172. (c) : Oxysomes or F0 - F, particles are present |
on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Ft head- j
piece o f oxysome functions as ATP-synthetase
which synthesises ATP from ADPand ip (inorganic
phosphate) using energy from proton gradient or
ATP synthetase becomes active in ATP formation
only when there is a proton gradient having high
concentration o f protons on F0 side (base) as
compared to F, side (head piece) o f F()-~ F, particles
or oxysomes.
173. ( c ) : Inner ends o f cone cel Is lie upon an elongated,
spindle shaped rod, the rhabdome. Rhabdome is
secreted and surrounded by a group o f seven
elongated retinal cells. Rhabdome and retinal cells
together form the recepior region o f eye.
174. ( d ) : Pituitary gland or hypophysis is situated in
a depression, the sella turcica o f sphenoid bone
o f the sk u ll. It is d ire c tly a tta c h e d to the
hyp o th a lam u s by a stalk, the infundibulum .
Hypophysial portal veins carry blood containing
n e u ro h o r m o n e s (re le a sin g factors) from the
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
! 75. ( c ) : Rabies (hydrophobia) is an acute viral disease
o f the central nervous system that affects all warm­
blooded animals and is usually transmitted to
humans by a bite from an infected dog. Symptoms
appear after an incubation period ranging from
10 days to over a year and include malaise, fever,
difficulty in breathing, salivation, periods o f intense
excitement, and painful muscle spasms o f the throat
induced by swallowing. In the later stages o f the
disease the mere sight o f water induces convulsions
and paralysis, death occurs within 4-5 days.
176. (a) : T h e m o st c o m m o n form o f as e x u a l
r e p r o d u c ti o n in p la n ts is ca lle d v eg e ta tiv e
propagation. It is the formation o f new plants
from vegetative units (propagules) such as buds,
tubers, rhizomes, roots, stem, leaf etc. Besides j
the natural methods o f vegetative propagation,
there are a number o f techniques for artificial j
v eg e ta tiv e p ro p ag a tio n o f ec onom ically and i
ae sth e tic ally im p o rta n t p lants. P o tato e s are
produced by tubers and not by seeds. Stem tubers
are found in potato and artichoke. They have buds
in the region o f nodes or eyes for vegetative
m u ltip lic a t io n . R o o t c u t tin g s are used in
propagation o f lemon, apple, orange, blackberry
etc.
177. (c) : In nuclear endosperm , first and further
divisions o f primary endosperm nucleus are not
followed by cytokinesis or wall formation and
thus these free nuclear divisions lead to formation
o f a large number o f free nuclei in embryo sac.
At maturity, centripetal wall formation may occur
to make the tissue partly cellular. Endosperm o f
coconut is unique in sense that it is both nuclear
and cellular. Here the primary endosperm nucleus
undergoes a number o f free nuclear divisions.
When the fruit is about 50 mm long the embryo
| sac remains filled with a watery fluid or milk
c on taining free nuclei and fine cy to p lasm ic
particles. At a later stage when the fruit becomes
about 100 mm in length the liquid shows in addition
to free nuclei, several cells each enclosing variable
number o f nuclei. Thus coconut has multicellular
endosperm (called coconut meat) in the outer part
and free nuclear as well as vacuolate endosperm
(called coconut milk) in the centre.
178. ( d ) : The female secondary sexual characters are
developed by estrogens. Estrogens are steroid
hormones secreted by growing ovarian follicles.
It includes estradiol, estriol and estrone. This
hormone is responsible for the development o f
female secondary sexual and accessory characters.
In humans it is also formed in the adrenal cortex,
testis and foetoplacental unit.
G o nad o tro p h ic ho rm ones (LH and FSH) arc
secreted by the anterior lobe o f pitiiitary gland.
LH is responsible for ovulation and transforms
graafian follicle into corpus luteum and FSH
stimulates spermatogenesis and maturation o f
graafian follicle and secretion o f estrogen in
ovaries.
179. (d) : Net primary productivity is the available
biomass for the consum ption to heterotrophs
(herbivores and decomposers). The rate o f biomass
 production is called productivity. It has two aspects, accumulates in the body o f organisms inhabiting
gro ss prim a ry p ro d u ctiv ity and net prim ary in the water. Eating poisoned animals causcs
productivity. The rate o f total production o f organic deformity known as minamata disease which is
matter during photosynthesis is known as gross characterized by diarrhoea, impairment o f various
primary productivity. Its considerable amount is senses, numbness o f lips, blurring o f vision, mental
utilised by plants in respiration. The organic matter dearrangement and death.
synthesised by plants (GPP) minus the rate o f
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
respiration and other loss represents the net primary
productivity. 181. (a) 182. (b) 183. (c) 184. (b) 185. (c)
180. (b) : Mercury is an important toxic pollutant. 186. (c) 187. (d) 188. (c) 189. (a) 190. (c)
It is changed to water soluble dimethyl mercury 191. (d) 192. (a) 193. (b) 194. (a) 195. (d)
w h ic h u n d e r g o e s b io m a g n if ic a tio n , i.e., 196. (a) 197. (a) 198. (d) 199. (c) 200. (c)

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