What’s wrong with cement concrete?

• Many concrete structures deteriorate after 20 years.

• Cement production releases high amounts of CO2 to

the atmosphere(1tonne of cement production releases
1tonne of CO2) thus contributing to 7%of world CO2
emissions.

• Cement is one of the most energy intensive material.

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 Howto reduce the use of cement

• Partially replace the use of cement in concrete.

example: high volume fly ash concrete

• Develop alternate materials.

example:Geopolymer concrete
 Geopolymer Concrete
• Hardened cementitious paste made from
flyash and alkaline solution.
• Combines waste products into useful
product.
• Setting mechanism depends on
polymerization.
• Curing temp is between 60-90 degree
celcious.
 CONSTITUENTS OF
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
• Source materials :
 alumina-silicate
Alkaline liquids
combination of sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) or potassium hydroxide
(KOH) and sodium silicate or
potassium silicate.
Preparation of geopolymer concrete

Alkaline activator
Fly ash NaOH + Na Silicate

Aggregate

Geopolymerisation
Storage
 2.Geopolymer Concrete :Process

• Alkaline solutions induce the Si and Al atoms in the source materials

,example fly ash , to dissolve.

• Gel formation is assisted by applying heat.

• Gel binds the aggregates ,and the unreacted source material to formthe
Geopolymer concrete.

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 MANUFACTURE OF

GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
 The aggregates are prepared in saturated-surface-dry (SSD)
condition, and are kept in plastic buckets with lid

Dry Materials of Geopolymer Concrete

 The fly ash and the aggregates are first mixed together
dry in 80-litre capacity pan mixer

. Pan Mixer Used in the Manufacture of Geopolymer Concrete

 The liquid component of the mixture is then added to
the dry materials and the mixing continued usually
for another four minutes

Addition of Liquid Component

 The fresh concrete could be handled up to 120 minutes
without any sign of setting and without any degradation in the
compressive strength

Fresh Geopolymer Concrete Ready for Placing

 The workability of the fresh concrete was measured by
means of the conventional slump test

Slump Measurement of Fresh Geopolymer Concrete

 Boundary between Geopolymer
binder , aggregate and reinforcement
 ADVANTAGES
Cutting the world’s carbon.
The price of fly ash is low.
Better compressive strength.
Fire proof.
Low permeability.
Eco-friendly.
Excellent properties within both acid and salt
environments.
 4.Applications of GPC

• Pre-cast concrete products like railway sleepers,electric power poles

etc.

• Marine structures

• Waste containments etc..

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• Different source materials
• Properties of soluble silicate
• Contaminants
• Industry regulations
• New material
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make
them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.

Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than

traditional cements with respect to most properties.

Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both

acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has
excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural
applications.
For more Paper Presentations on Civil
Engineering topics visit the following site..