Module 1

REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

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 What is a function?

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Definition of a Function:

• It is a relation define as a set of ordered

pairs (x, y) where no two or more distinct
ordered pairs have the same first element
(x).
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y

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Examples:
• Illustrations below are examples of a
function

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Is it a function or not?

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 What is the difference
between a function and a
relation?

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RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is a rule that A function is a relation
relates values from a where each element in
set of values called the the domain is related to
domain to a second set only one value in the
of values called the range by some rule.
range.

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RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
The elements of the The elements of the
domain can be imagines domain can be imagined
as input to a machine as input to a machine
that applies rule to that applies a rule so that
these inputs to generate each input corresponds
one or more outputs. to only one output.

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RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS

A relation is also a set of A function is a set of

ordered pairs (x, y). ordered pairs (x, y) such
that no two ordered pairs
have the same x-value
but different y-values.

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Is it a function or not?

a. f = {(0, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6,-13)}

b. r ={(a, 0), (b, -1), (c, 0), (d, -1)}
c. g = (5, -10), (25, -50), (50, -100)
d. t = {(-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (-2, 2)}

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The function as a machine…

We will try to represent mathematical

relations as machines with an input
and an output, and that the output is
related to the input by some rule.

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 Determine if this machine produces
a function…

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 Determine if this machine produces
a function…

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela

 Determine if this machine produces
a function…

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 Determine if this machine produces
a function…

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 What is a table of
values?

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 Table of Values
a

• A table of values is commonly

observed when describing a function.
• This shows the correspondence
between a set of values of x and a set
of values of y in a tabular form.

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 Examples of Table of Values
a

x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1

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 Is it a function or not?

1.A jeepney and its plate number

2.A student and his ID number
3.A teacher and his cellular phone
4.A pen and the color of its ink

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 What is a vertical line
test?

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 Vertical Line Test
a

• The vertical line test for a function

states that if each vertical line
intersects a graph in the x-y plane at
exactly one point, then the graph
illustrates a function.

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 Is this a function or not?

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 Is this a function or not?

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 Is this a function or not?

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 Relationship Between the Independent
and Dependent Variables

Process
Input Output
(equation
(value of x) (value of y)
rule)

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 Examples:

1. Find the value of y in the equation

y = 10x – 3 if x = - 5.
2. Find the value of x if the value of y
𝟑𝒙+𝟖
in the equation 𝐲 = is 2.
𝒙−𝟐

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 Applications:
1. A car has travelled a distance of 124
kilometers in 4 hours. Find the speed of the
car.
2. The volume of the cube is defined by the
function 𝑽 = 𝒔𝟑 where s is the length of the
edge.
• What is the volume of the cube if the
length of the edge is 5 cm?
• What is the length of its edge if its
volume is 728 cubic meters?
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 Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

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 Evaluating Functions
a

• It is the process of determining the

value of the function at the number
assigned to a given variable.

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 Example:
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒. Find the following
values of the function
a. f (2)
b. f (-1)
c. f (0)
d. f (- ½ )
e. f (- 4)

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 Example:
Let 𝐠 𝐱 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 . Find the following
values of the function
a. g (2)
b. g (4)
c. g (0)
d. g (9)
e. g (- 1/3)

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 Example:
𝟒𝒙+𝟖
Let h 𝐱 = . Find the following values
𝟐𝒙−𝟒
of the function
a. h (1)
b. h (-2)
c. h (6)
d. h (0)
e. h (2)
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 Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF

FUNCTIONS

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 Domain D of a Function
a

• It is the set of all x-coordinates in the

set of ordered pairs.
Range R of a Function
a

• It is the set of all y-coordinates in the

set of ordered pairs.
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 Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
a x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1

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 More on Independent Variables
a

• There are instances in which not all

values of the independent variables
are permissible.
• That is, some functions have
restrictions.

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 Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
𝟓
a𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒
𝒙+𝟐

𝒙+𝟑
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐

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 Piece-wise Functions
a

• These are functions which are defined

in defined in different domains since
they are determined by several
equations.

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 Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
a𝒇 𝒙 = { 2x + 3 if x ≠ 2
4 if x = 2

𝒇 𝒙 = { 2x + 3
– 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
if x < 1
if x ≥ 1

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 Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS
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 Operations on Functions
If f and g are functions then
• (f + g) = f(x) + g(x)
• (f – g) = f(x)– g(x)
• (f ∙ g) = f(x) ∙ g(x)
𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
• 𝒙 = where g(x) ≠ 0
𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)

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 Example
𝟐
Let f(x) = 𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 and g(x)= x – 1.
Perform the operations and identify the
domain
• (f + g)
• (f – g)
• (f ∙ g)
𝒇
• 𝒙
𝒈
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 Example
𝟐
Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙 + 𝟗 .
Perform the operations and identify the
domain
• (f + g)
• (f – g)
• (f ∙ g)
𝒇
• 𝒙
𝒈
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 Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

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 Operations on Functions
If f and g are functions then the
composite function denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈, is
defined by
𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙)

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 Operations on Functions
The domain of 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is the set of all
numbers x in the domain of g such that
g(x) is in the domain of f.

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 Example

Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗. Find

• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(x)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(x)
• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(3)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(- 4)

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 Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

EVEN AND ODD

FUNCTIONS
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 Even and Odd Functions
• A function f is said to be even if
f(–x)=f(x) for each value of x in the
domain of f.
• A function f is said to be odd if
f(–x)= – f(x) for each value of x in the
domain of f.
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 Example
Determine whether each of the following
functions is even, odd or neither
• 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎
• 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙
𝟑 𝟐
• 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐

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