INDEX

1. Acknowledgement
2. Introduction
3. Theory
4. Components of a fire alarm circuit
5. Working
6. Procedure
7. Observation
8. Conclusion
9. Precaution
10. Importance of fire alarm
11. Bibliography
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Mrs.Dhangowri as well
as our principal Mrs.Sanchita verma who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic “FIRE ALARM” which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I came
to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame.
 INTRODUCTION
“A KEY ASPECT OF FIRE PROTECTION IS TO IDENTIFY A
DEVELOPING FIRE EMERGENY IN A TIMELY MANNER
AND TO ALERT THE BUILDING’S OCCUPANTS
AND FIRE EMERGENCY”

Fire alarm systems (also commonly called smoke

detector) provide a means to detect and identify a
fire outbreak in a building, warn the occupants of the
building about the fire via audible alarm and
potentially notify emergency response professionals.
A fire alarm circuit is very useful for security
reasons. Equipment specially manufactured for these
purposes are selected and standardized installation
methods are anticipated during the design. Various
circuits can be designed for this.

IMPORTANCE OF
 FIRE ALARM….

 To warn occupants of a fire so that they can

evacuate the premises.
 Alarm systems and fire servicing monitoring of
these systems are required in certain types of
buildings under legislation.
Safeguard asserts from fire damaged.
Failure to take advantage of this early warning, due
to poor performance of an automatic fire alarm
system ,has cost peoples their lives.
Fire alarm systems are important in providing
occupants of buildings a warning if a fire occurs.
 THEORY
A fire alarm is a system has a number of devices
working together to detect and warn people through
visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire,
carbon dioxide or other emergencies are present
.These alarms may be activated automatically from
smoke and heat detectors or may also be activated
via manual fire alarm activation devices such as pull
stations .

Alarms can be either motorized bells or sounders or

horns.They can also be speaker strobes which sound
an alarm followed by a voice evacuation message
which warns people inside the building not to use
the lift .It can be set at various frequency.

Components of a
 Fire Alarm Circuit …
1. BATTERY
2. PCB BOARD
3. FIRE SWITCH
4. RESISTANCE 1K
5. PNP TRANSISTOR
6. NPN TRANSISTOR
7. CAPACITOR
8. BUZZER
9. CONNECTING WIRES
10. SOLDER
11. FIRE SWITCH

WORKING
All the components are soldered using soldering wire
and are fixed on PCB board.
Resistors of 330k and 1 k are used to bias the
transistors so that they work according to our
requirement in the circuit and control the flow in the
desired way.
We have npn and pnp transistors to control the flow
of the current.
Capacitors store the energy and let the alarm sound
for some time after the fire switch turns off.
 We have a buzzer that will sound as soon as fire
is detected by fire switch.
 PROCEDURE
 Draw the circuit diagram on the PCB board.
 First connect the 330 and 1k resistors on the board.
Following it capacitor and transistors are fixed on the
board. While fixing the transistors proper care should
be taken.
A buzzer has got 2 wires one positive and the other
negative. The positive and the negative ends are
placed with respect to the battery.
Now join the circuit components by soldering.
Finally the battery and a fire switch is placed in the
board.

 FIRE SWITCH
It is a device that works on stimulus of temperature. It
consists of bimetallic strips which are initially separated
when there is no fire.

OBSERVATION
We have seen that initially there is no buzzer sound
when the fire was not detected.
When we bring the match stick near the fire switch
with a time lag of 5-10 seconds the buzzer starts
sounding as the fire is detected.

When we remove the burning matchstick away from

the switch the buzzer continues to give the sound for
some time due to the action of capacitor and some
time is required by switch to return to the room
temperature.
 CONCLUSION

A fire alarm is a device that detects the presence of

fire and atmospheric changes relating to smoke. In
some cases, it is a part of the security systems in
addition to a protection systems. The fire alarm alert
the people to evacuate a location in where fire is
detected. It sounds to notify people of a fire
emergency .
For most fire alarms a distinct sound exists to allow
notification to be heard. The fire alarm constructed
by this project work is reliable at low cost.
 PRECAUTIONS
 Components of the circuit should be handled
properly.

 Care must be taken while soldering as it may

burn the skin.

 Connecting wires must be insulated to prevent

disturbance.

 Connections should be tight as it may break

easily.

 Soldering must be done carefully as it may burn

the PCB board.
 BIBILIOGRAPHY

 (Website) My circuits 9
 Working With Circuits (book)
-by Dr.C.L.Garg Sr.scientist DRDO
-by Dr.Amit Garg Electronics
 System sensor.com
 Complete Detection System (website)
 RI Publications
 Circuits and Network (book)
-by A.sudhakar
-by S.Pillai
INDIAN SCHOOL SOHAR
PHYSICS PROJECT
2017-2018

FIRE ALARM

SUBMITTED BY
R.SRUTHI
XI-B