1) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones

2(1) − 3(1) + (1) = 0

4(1) + (5) − 6(1) = 3

3(1) − 7(1) + 2(1) = −2

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 3

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = −2

Reducir o transformar la matriz aumentada.

SOLUCION:

2 −3 1 0 2 −3 1 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [4 5 −6 ⋮ 3 ] −2𝐹1 + 𝐹2 [0 11 −8 ⋮ 3 ]
3 −7 2 −2 3 −7 2 −2

2 −3 1 0
[0 11 −8 ⋮ 3 ]
−3𝐹1 + 2𝐹3 0 −5 2 −2

2 −3 1 0
[0 11 −8 ⋮ 3 ] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
5𝐹2 + 11𝐹3 0 0 −29 −29

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´] 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 ∶

2𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0

11𝑥2 − 8𝑥3 = 3

−29𝑥3 = −29
−29𝑥3 = −29 11𝑥2 − 8𝑥3 = 3 2𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0

2𝑥1 − 3(1) + 1 = 0
𝑥3 = 1 11𝑥2 − 8(1) = 3 𝑥1 = 1

𝑥2 = 1

Por lo tanto:

𝑋1 1
𝑋 = [ 2 ] => 𝑋 = [1] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑋
𝑋3 1
1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [1] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
1

𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛:

2(1) − 3(1) + (1) = 0 (𝑉)

4(1) + (5) − 6(1) = 3 (𝑉)

3(1) − 7(1) + 2(1) = −2 (𝑉)

2) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones

3(2) − 1(4) + 2(−3) = −4

−5(2) + 2(4) + 3(−3) = −11

7(2) − 4(4) − 2(−3) = 4

3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = −4

−5𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = −11

7𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 − 2𝑥3 = 4

Reducir o transformar la matriz aumentada

SOLUCION:
 3 −1 2 −4 3 −1 2 −4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [−5 2 3 ⋮ −11] 5𝐹1 + 3𝐹2 [0 1 19 ⋮ −53]
7 −4 −2 4 7 −4 −2 4

3 −1 2 −4
[0 1 19 ⋮ −53]
−7𝐹1 + 3𝐹3 0 −5 −20 40

3 −1 2 −4
[0 1 19 ⋮ −53 ] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
5𝐹2 + 𝐹3 0 0 75 −225

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 ∶

3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = −4

𝑥2 + 19𝑥3 = −53

75𝑥3 = −225

𝑥3 = −3 1𝑥2 + 19𝑥3 = −53 3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = −4

𝑥2 = 4 𝑥1 = 2

Por lo tanto:

𝑋1 2
𝑋 = [𝑋2 ] => 𝑋 = [ 4 ] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑋3 −3
2
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [ 4 ] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
−3

𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛:
 3(2) − 1(4) + 2(−3) = −4 (𝑉)

−5(2) + 2(4) + 3(−3) = −11 (𝑉)

7(2) − 4(4) − 2(−3) = 4 (𝑉)

3) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones

𝑋1 = 2 3(2) − 2(5) + 1(7) = 3 3𝑋1 − 2𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 3

𝑋2 = 5 4(2) + 1(5) − 2(7) = −1 4𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + 2𝑋3 = −1

𝑋3 = 7 6(2) − 3(5) + 1(7) = 4 6𝑋1 − 3𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 4

Reducir o transformar la matriz aumentada.

SOLUCION:

3 −2 1 3 3 −2 1 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [4 1 −2 ⋮ −1] 6𝐹2 − 4𝐹3 [0 18 −16 ⋮ −22]
6 −3 1 4 −2𝐹1 + 𝐹3 0 1 −1 −2

1
3 −2 1 3 3 −2 1 3
𝐹
2 2
[0 9 −8 ⋮ −11] [0 9 −8 ⋮ −11] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
0 1 −1 −2 9𝐹3 − 𝐹2 0 0 −1 −7

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´] => Representa el sistema:

3𝑋1 − 2𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 3

9𝑋2 − 8𝑋3 = −11

−𝑋3 = −7

𝑋3 = 7 9𝑋2 − 8𝑋3 = −11 3𝑋1 − 2𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 3

9𝑋2 − 8(7) = −11 3𝑋1 − 2(5) + 7 = 3

𝑋2 = 5 𝑋1 = 2

Por lo tanto:
 𝑋1 2
𝑋 = [𝑋2 ] => 𝑋 = [5] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑋3 7
2
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [5] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
7

𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛:

3(2) − 2(5) + 1(7) = 3 (𝑉)

4(2) + 1(5) − 2(7) = −1 (𝑉)

6(2) − 3(5) + 1(7) = 4 (𝑉)

4) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones:

5X1 + 2X2 – X3 = 3

4X1 – X2 + 2X3= 6

X1 – 2X2 - 3X3 = 5

Reducir o transformar a su matriz aumentada.

SOLUCION:

5 2 −1 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [4 −1 2 ⋮ 6]
1 −2 −3 5
5 2 −1 3 5 2 −1 3
[4 −1 2 ⋮ 6] 𝐹2 − 4𝐹3 [0 7 14 ⋮ −14]
1 −2 −3 5 5𝐹3 − 𝐹1 0 −12 −14 22

5 2 −1 3 5 2 −1 3
1⁄ 𝐹2 [0 1 2 ⋮ −2] [0 1 2 ⋮ −2]
7
0 −12 −14 22 𝐹3 + 12𝐹2 0 0 1 −2

5 2 −1 3
[0 1 2 ⋮ −2 ] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
1⁄ 𝐹3 0
10 0 1 − 1⁄5

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]Representa al sistema:

 5X1 + 2X2 – X3 = 3

X2 + 2X3 = -2

X3 = -1⁄5

X2 + 2(−1⁄5) = -8⁄5 5X1 + 2(−8⁄5) – (−1⁄5) = 3

X2 = −8⁄5 X1 = 6⁄5

Por lo tanto:

6⁄
𝑋1 5
X =[𝑋2 ] => 𝑋 = −8⁄5 Es la solución de A´X = B´
𝑋3 −1
[ ⁄5]

6⁄
5
por teorema, 𝑋 = −8⁄5 es la solución de AX = B.
−1
[ ⁄5]

5) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones:

4X1 – 3X2 – 4X3 = - 6

2X2 + 3X3 = 4

5X1 + X2 – 2X3 = -9

Reducir o transformar a su matriz aumentada.

SOLUCION:

4 −3 −4 −6
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [0 2 3 ⋮ 4]
5 1 −2 −9

4 −3 −4 −6 4 −3 −4 −6
[0 2 3 ⋮ 4] 1⁄ 𝐹2 [0
2 1 3⁄2 ⋮ 2 ]
5 1 −2 −9 4𝐹3 − 5𝐹1 0 19 12 −6

4 −3 −4 4 −3 −4 −6
3⁄ −6
[0 1 2 ⋮ 2 ] [0 1 3⁄2 ⋮ 2 ] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
−33⁄ −44 −2⁄ 𝐹3 8⁄
𝐹3 − 19𝐹2 0 0 33 0 0 1 3
2

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]Representa al sistema:

 4X1 - 3X2 - 4 X3 = - 6

X2 + 3⁄2 X3 = -2

X3 = 8⁄3

X2 +3⁄2 (8⁄3) = -2 4X1 - 3(-2) – 4(−8⁄3) = -6

X2 = -2 X1 = −1⁄3

Por lo tanto:

𝑋1 −1⁄
3
X =[𝑋2 ] => 𝑋 = [ −2 ]Es la solución de A´X = B´
𝑋3 8⁄
3
−1⁄
3
Por teorema, 𝑋 = [ −2 ] es la solución de AX = B.
8⁄
3

6) Dado el sistema de ecuaciones:

𝑋1 = 1 2(1) − 1(3) + 5(2) = 9 2𝑋1 − 𝑋2 + 5𝑋3 = 9

𝑋2 = 3 4(1) + 2(3) + 1(2) = 12 4𝑋1 + 2𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 12

𝑋3 = 2 5(1) + 3(3) − 4(2) = 6 5𝑋1 + 3𝑋2 − 4𝑋3 = 6

Reducir o transformar a su matriz aumentada.

SOLUCIÓN:

2 −1 5 9 2 −1 5 9 2 −1 5 9
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵] = [4 2 1 ⋮ 12] 2𝐹1 − 𝐹2 [0 −4 9 ⋮ 6 ] [0 −4 9 ⋮ 6]
1
5 3 −4 6 5𝐹1 − 2𝐹3 0 −11 33 33 𝐹 0 −1 3 3
11 3

2 −1 5 9
[0 −4 9 ⋮ 6] = [𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´]
−𝐹2 − 4𝐹3 0 0 3 6

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´] => Representa el sistema:

 2𝑋1 − 2𝑋2 + 5𝑋3 = 9

−4𝑋2 + 9𝑋3 = 6

3𝑋3 = 6

3𝑋3 = 6 −4𝑋2 + 9𝑋3 = 6 2𝑋1 − 𝑋2 + 5𝑋3 = 9

𝑋3 = 2 −4𝑋2 + 9(2) = 6 2𝑋1 − 3 + 5(2) = 9

𝑋2 = 3 𝑋1 = 1

Por lo tanto:

𝑋1 1
𝑋 = [𝑋2 ] => 𝑋 = [3] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑋3 2
1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [3] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
2

𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛:

2(1) − 1(3) + 5(2) = 9 (𝑉)

4(1) + 2(3) + 1(2) = 12 (𝑉)

5(1) + 3(3) − 4(2) = 6 (𝑉)

7) Para este sistema:

Expresando la ecuación en Matrices AX=B

Matriz aumentada:

[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐵]=
-2F2 +F1

-2F5 + 3F3

Para [A´⋮B´]

Por lo tanto:

1
−
𝑋 2
𝑋 = [𝑌 ] => 𝑋 = 0 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑍 5
[ 2 ]

1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [3] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
2

8) Para el sistema:

La matriz Aumentada es:

[A;B]=
-2F1 +F2

-3F1+ F3

1/2F2

-F2+F3

[𝐴´ ⋮ 𝐵´] => Representa el sistema:

Entonces:

1X + 1Y 2Z =9

1Y + -(7/2)Z = -17/2

-(1/2) Z = -3/2

La solución es: X=1; Y=2; Z=3

1
Por lo tanto: y
𝑋 1
𝑋 = [𝑌 ] => 𝑋 = [2] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
+ 𝑑𝑒 𝐴′ 𝑋 = 𝐵 ′
𝑍 3
-
1
(
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎, 𝑋 = [2] 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
3 7
/
2
)