WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CONTOR STREAM

RESEARCH METHOD AND PRESENTATION PROPOSAL

TITLE : DESIGN PLC BASED AUTHOMATIC FUEL FILLING AND SELF

STARTING OF LARGE GENERATORS

NAME ID.NO
TOFIK KEMAL 951/07

SUBMITTED TO: - Mrs. Ashenaf P.

SUBMITTED DATE: - 29/08/2010

 Acknowledgement

We are heartily thankful to Allah almighty for seeing us through our entire progress of this
proposal . Next I would like to thank our instructor Mr. Ashenafi P. for giving this chance and
our School of Electrical and Computer Engineering for giving such a chance to work.
 ABSTRUCT
In this proposal, we will provide an automatic fuel filling mechanism of large generator and that
of transfer the consumer loads to a power source from a generator in the case of power failure
in the mains supply. The design is applicable for industries, institutions, hospitals and other
plants. Programmable logic control is used in this design. It used to control the whole activities.
There are two level sensors in the design they used to sense the level of fuel tank and send a
signal to the PLC according to the level of the tank. Pump motor also used in the design used to
pump the fuel from main tank to the daily (generator tank). Solenoid valve used to close or
open the inlet pumping fuel according to decision from plc. And also automatically detects
power has been restored to the mains supply and returns the loads to this source while turning
off the power from the generator set. It thus holds an important key in the provision of a
continuous power supply through a near seamless switching between the mains supply and an
alternative standby source like the generator set.

Key word

Automatic self-starting generator

 Low lever sensor
 High lever sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Programmable logic (PLC)
 Solenoid valve
 Coolant motor
 Main supply switch
 Automatic fuel filling generator
 Pump motor
 LED Red lamp, green lamp
 Timer
 CHAPTER ONE

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The nature of electrical power failures, interruptions and their durations covers a range in time
from micro seconds to days. In the face of possible failures of normal electrical utility power
sources, a reliable alternate supply of electric power supply must provided for facilities and
systems that cannot go without power. Generators typically support critical electrical loads in
many institutions, i.e. national institution of heath, industries and universities in case of losses
normal electrical power. E.g. in health care facilities, data processing, life safety systems,
mission critical operations etc. ...as answer to this need, a wide range of electric generator sets
as the sources of reliable alternate electrical energy.

In order to automate a power generation system and to minimize human intervention, PLC
based system will be a good option that monitor the system and help to reduce the error
caused by human.

1.2 Problem of statement

Ethiopia is experiencing power interruption and this may become a frequent phenomenon as
low technician, more rain full, and suddenly failed pole. On an individual and community level,
power cuts and fluctuations result in economic, health and security hazards.So would be need
additional energy as a result of power cuts. Power cuts also break on quality of life. Now days in
Ethiopia electric power becomes a back bone for every business and non-business activities and
for the income of every resident. But electric power interruption becomes a serious problem in
the city in everywhere. The number of outages is very high and it takes long time for service
return. Due to this every aspects of business and non-business activities and day to day lives of
the city residents are negatively affected and highly complained with this problem. Using fuel
energy to prevent the power interruption as choice when no power from ELPA.
1.3 Objective

1.3.1 General objective

The general objective of the proposal is to design an automatic fuel filling and self-starting of
large generators using plc programs in industries and institutions.

1.3.2 Specific objective

 To reduce work interruption
 To increase quality of work and prevent a generator from damage
 To reduce power interruption in industry and hospitals
 To introduce transformation of technology

1.4 Significance of the proposal

The significance for this proposal will develop a simple process plant that can control and
monitor the fuel level generator and production in a fuel filling generator using the PLC.

Therefore the main significance of the proposal is:-

 Good quality of product in the factory
 Life saves in hospitals
 Learn the plc inputs and outputs

1.5 Scope
This project will focus on controlling and filling of large generators automatically using plc
program. Fuel level sensor and PLC program are the main components to execute the task. Thus,
the function and operation of PLC program will be study to accomplish this project.
It can be used in various applications such as:

 Apartment house
 Schools
 Hospitals
 Industry
 Stores, etc.
 CHAPTER TWO

2 Literature review
This chapter provides a literature overview on automation and control process.
The automatic fuel filling of large generators is projected before by many projectors and
institutes. From these:
Automation of Tank Level Using PLC by Rishabh Das, Sayantan Dutta, Anusree Sarkar,
Kaushik Samanta[1]. In this they implement an automated level control system by the help of
Programmable Logic Controller PLC and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)
proposed that the system provides an analysis of the simulation and components required for the
implementation of an automated level control system by the help of Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC).Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) was established and the
HMI was created. The proposed model can effectively supervise level control in multiple tanks.
Three level sensors were used to provide the level data to the PLC. PLC used this data to take the
required decisions and thereby turning ON and OFF a pump. A manual switch was also provided
to override the automatic system. The SIMATIC S7-300 universal controller was used as the
main decision making module. The system was implemented in SCADA to create the required
Human Machine Interface (HMI).
 CHAPTER THREE

3 Methodology and material used

3.1 Material used

Material
 Pump motor
 Sensor
 Level indicator light
 Plc module
 Plc soft ware
 Solenoid valve
 Temperature sensor
 Power supply

3.2 Programmable logic control system PLC

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a specialized computer used for the control and
operation of manufacturing process and machinery. It uses a programmable memory to store
instructions and execute functions including on/off control, timing, counting, sequencing,
arithmetic, and data handling. A PLC is a very useful decision-making device in industrial
applications.

PLC system has five basic components:

1 The processor unit or central processing unit (CPU)

2 The power supply unit

3 The programming device

4 The memory unit

5 The input and output sections

 Start

Close inlet valve

No
Start generator
to fill?

Yes

Open inlet valve

Closed inlet
Is generator Yes
valve
tank full?

No

NO
Stop filling?

Figure 1: process flow diagram for operation and control of automatic filling generator.
 CHAPTER FOUR

WORK PLAN

As we know that to perform a certain task time table or schedule takes place. Now we set out our
schedule to perform or to complete our designing work.

Activity Week- Week- Week- Week- Week- Week-

1 2 3 4 5 6
Collection of Literature

Study of Literature

Analysis of Proposed Scheme



Preparation of Schemes / Model



Implementation of schemes/model

Analysis & Simulation

Result Formulation

Final document Submission

Table 1 work plane description

 CHAPTER FIVE

BUDGET
5.1 BUDGET PROPOSAL

No Material No of quantity Cost per Total cost(in

quantity(in birr) birr)

1 Print 35 2 70

2 Photo copy 25 1 25

3 Transport 2 2 4

4 Binding 1 20 20

5 Total 63 25 119

Table 2 budget proposal description

 CHAPTER SIX

6 Conclusion and recommendation

6.1 Conclusion

The most important aspect of any power generation system is the generation control. Several
techniques can be implemented to control the generator in power plant. The method that has to
be used relies on varied objectives like superior quality, increased efficiency, high profit and
other such points depending upon the purpose.The most important aspect of any power
generation system is the generation control. Several techniques can be implemented to control
the generator in power plant. The method that has to be used relies on varied objectives like
superior quality, increased efficiency, high profit and other such points depending upon the
purpose.

6.2 Recommendation

Automatic change over switch with generator starting/shut down facility has been designed to
help man reduce the stress and loss of time associated with the starting and shutting down of the
alternative sources of supply (generator).