AR5421 Architectural Practice 1

LECTURE 6
FIRE SAFETY (PART II)

© Catherine Loke, September 2017

PRE-DESIGN
• RESEARCH
• DESIGN BRIEF

SCHEMATIC DESIGN
• SCHEMATIC DESIGN PROPOSALS
• SUBMISSIONS FOR DC CLEARANCE

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN WITH CONSULTANT TEAM
• COST ESTIMATES
• SUBMISSIONS FOR BP CLEARANCE

DOCUMENTATION
• SELECT PROCUREMENT METHOD
• TENDER DOCUMENTATION
• CALL TENDERS
• AWARD BUILDING CONTRACT

CONSTRUCTION

• PERMIT TO CARRY OUT STRUCTURAL WORKS

• CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION

COMPLETION
• AS-BUILT DRAWINGS
• APPLY FOR TOP/CSC

POST-COMPLETION
• MAINTENANCE PERIOD
• FINAL ACCOUNT
 Fire Safety

Fire Spread (continued from Lecture 5)

Automatic Fire Fighting Systems
Manual Fire Fighting Systems
Cost Considerations
Fire Safety Products
FSSD Submission requirements
 Fire Spread

Interpolation of
figures not permitted

For openings which are

set back from the plane
of reference, the area can
be multiplied by the %
stated in Table III

Extract from Fire Code 2013, Chapter 3

FSSD
Horizontal Fire Spread – Unprotected Openings

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Spread

Note: Architect must

consider BCA
natural ventilation
requirements as well

For openings which

are not parallel to the
plane of reference,
the area can be
multiplied by the %
stated in Table IV

Extract from Fire Code 2013, Chapter 3

FSSD
Horizontal Fire Spread – Unprotected Openings

Fire Code 2013

 Mind Map of Fire Code 2013
Smoke control
systems Control Natural Outside
Manual
Smoke Smoke Reduce ventilation Area of
alarm
Inhalation Smoke refuge
Pressurisation Lead to
Automatic Communication Safe Area
Warning
alarm Smoke Protected PWD
RISK Free Area Holding
Fire Detection
ASSESSMENT Point
Signage
suppression Safe
Sprinkler Lighting Dead-end
system Route limit
One-way
Way
Automatic Fighting Finding Horizontal
the Fire Means of
Escape
Purpose Group Distance Two way
Occupant Load
Fire Command By fire Size / storeys
Manual Time
Centre fighters Proximity to others Structural Vertical
Integrity
Outside By
Inside occupants Fire Height of building /
Fire Fire Rating Spread Capacity
Fire no. of storeys
Access Protected Extinguishers
Fire Engine
Access Panels Rising Access No. of exits
Mains Hose Compartmentation Doors
Fire Lift Flame Width of exits
Reel
Spread
Hydrants Fire-fighting Unprotected
Stairs Corridors
Lobby Openings
© Catherine Loke, August 2017
 Sprinklers
Required:
• Whenever compartmentation under FC Chp 3 cannot
be complied with
• Buildings of habitable ht >24m (except Purpose Group
I & II)
• Where Purpose Group II forms upper storey of mixed
occupancy of habitable ht >24m, only the non-
residential portion is to be sprinklered
• Basements (with some exceptions)
• Engineered timber buildings
FSSD
Automatic Systems

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers

Taking an example of
a 4-storey building

FSSD
When compartmentation cannot be complied with

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers
Protected area extended
so that person from
Compartment A does not
travel through another
occupied space to get to
the exit door
(refer FC Cl. 2.2.12(b))

Fire-rated wall added

to reduce compartment
area to 2,500 m2

Note: FC Cl. 6.3.1(c)

overrides Table 6.3A

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
When compartmentation cannot be complied with

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Mixed Occupancy

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers
Sprinkler protection can be
exempted for one-storey
Basement Carpark in a
Residential Development
subject to effective cross
ventilation being provided

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Basement Carpark in Residential Development

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers

FSSD
Engineered Timber Building

SCDF Circular dated 10 Aug 2016

 Sprinklers

Table 6.4A to be read

together with Cl. 6.4.4

FSSD
Special Purpose Rooms

Fire Code 2013

 Sprinklers

Architect must
consider lighting
layout as well

FSSD
Spacing & Location

SS CP 52:2004
 Sprinklers

Architect must
consider lighting
layout as well

FSSD
Spacing & Location

SS CP 52:2004
 Fire Extinguishers
• Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials like
wood, paper, cloth, furnishings, etc.
• Class B fires involve flammable liquids, solvents, oil,
paints, etc.
• Class C fires involve flammable gases
• Class D fires involve highly reactive metals, e.g.
potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc.
• Class F fires involve cooking media, e.g. cooking oil,
animal fat, etc.

FSSD
Classes of fires

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers
• Low hazard – occupancies where the expected quantities
of Class A combustible furnishings is normal, or where
Class B flammable liquids are expected to be <5 litres in
any room or area.
• Medium hazard – occupancies where the amount of
combustible material or flammable liquids can cause a fire
of moderate size.
• High hazard – occupancies where the amount of
combustible material or flammable liquids can cause fire of
severe magnitude, or where Class B flammable liquids is
expected to be >20 litres in any room or area.
FSSD
Classification of Occupancy Hazard

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers
• Architects are only required to specify extinguishers for
Classes A, B & F. F Class C & D fires are not meant to be
dealt with by untrained persons.
• Class A extinguisher rating corresponds with Class A fires,
and so on for the other classes.
• Coverage – for each unit of 'A' rating, the maximum floor
area to be covered is 15m2 regardless of occupancy
hazard
• Generally, it is undesirable to provide a large number of
very low rating to make up the minimum aggregate
required.
FSSD
Selection of Extinguishers

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers

FSSD
Selection of Extinguishers

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers

• For Class B hazards,

hazards the maximum travel distance shall not exceed
that specified in Table 1
• For Class B flammable liquid hazards of depth >8mm and surface
area exceeding 1m2, the travel distance to the nearest extinguisher
shall not exceed 7m.
FSSD
Selection of Extinguishers

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers

• For Class B hazards, the maximum coverage of

extinguishers is specified in Table 2
FSSD
Selection of Extinguishers

SS 578:2012
 Fire Extinguishers

• For Class F hazards, the maximum coverage of

extinguishers is specified in Table 3
FSSD
Selection of Extinguishers

SS 578:2012
 Hose Reels

If you are putting the

manual call points together
with Hose Reels, take note
that the max. travel
distance to manual call
point is 30m

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Siting

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Engine Access

Purpose Group II, habitable ht

>10m, fire engine access road
provided within 18m of dry riser
breeching inlet

Turning facility Fire engine access road min.

4m wide, dead end <46m

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Engine Access

For sites where only

fire engine access
road is required

For sites where fire

engine accessway is
required; this will
apply to the fire
engine access road
in these sites as well

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Hydrants

FC Cl. 4.4.(1)(a)(ii) –
Public hydrant on the opposite
side of the road can be
considered if the road is not
more than 2 lanes wide,
regardless of direction of traffic

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Hydrants

Siting is based on maximum

distance of 50m so that hose from
fire engine can reach the hydrant.
FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Access Panels

FAP required on external wall

facing an accessway –
min 850 x 1000h
sill <1000h
head ht >1800

Fire Engine Accessway

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Rising Mains

Breeching inlet

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Rising Mains

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Rising Mains

X Landing valve must be located

such that each rising main
serves <930 m2 and no part of a
floor is >38m from the landing
valve (measured along a route
suitable for the hose).

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Rising Mains

FC Cl. 6.2.2(b):

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Fire Command Centre

Extract from Fire Code Handbook

FSSD
Fire-fighting provisions

Fire Code 2013

 Cost Considerations

Sprinklered or unsprinklered?
>4 storeys – smoke stop lobby?
Natural ventilation or pressurisation?
Prescriptive-based or performance-based design?
Choice of systems / materials / products

FSSD

Fire Code 2013

FIRE SAFETY PRODUCTS
 Fire Safety Products

Promat Fire Rated Boards http://www.promat-ap.com/en

 Fire Safety Products

Syston Fire Shutter

http://www.syston.com/fire_rated_products_fire_shutters.htm#240
 Fire Safety Products

Fire Stopping Materials (refer FC Cl. 3.12.3)

Hilti Firestop and Fire Protection Systems
https://www.hilti.com.sg/firestop-and-fire-protection-systems
 Fire Safety Products

Mortar-based Fire Stopping Materials (refer FC Cl. 3.12.3)

K.A. Group Holdings Pte Ltd http://ka.com.sg/products.aspx?cid=85
Fire Safety Products

Fusible link will

melt at 74ᑻᑻC
Fire Damper
OLS Manufacturing Co. Pte. Ltd.
https://www.connols-air.com/product/fire-dampers/
 Fire Safety Products

Fire Extinguishers – Multron Systems Pte Ltd

http://www.multron.com/fire-fighting-equipment/
 Fire Safety Products

Fire Extinguishers – Multron Systems Pte Ltd

http://www.multron.com/fire-fighting-equipment/
 Fire Safety Products

Intumescent Paint (refer FC Cl. 3.15.1(b))

 Fire Safety Products

Emergency Lights (refer FC Cl. 8.1.2 to 8.1.4)

FSSD SUBMISSION
REQUIREMENTS
 QP’s Declaration

FSSD

Fire Submission Requirements

 Legend

FSSD

Fire Submission Requirements

 Sample Site Plan

FSSD

Fire Submission Requirements

 Sample Plan

FSSD

Fire Submission Requirements

ANY QUESTIONS?