Abstract

Gas turbines are becoming increasingly used as power generators for a wide variety
of applications around the world. Originally they were developed solely for aircraft
propulsion where their inherent low specific weight (i.e. mass/unit power) made the
essential for high speed flight. For this particular purpose they have been developed
to a high degree of efficiency both thermodynamically and mechanically. The
significant of this study is to increase the performance of the gas turbine in term of
the efficiency. The lower efficiency of the gas turbine will effect to the performance
of the gas turbine itself, the waste of the fuel because of the unburned hydrocarbon
and the impact to the environment, while the gas turbine with an incomplete
combustion. To increase the performance in term of efficiency, the gas generator
speed is controlled from 1500 rotary per second to 1250 rotary per second. In order
to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine, the power output must high, because it
is proportional to the efficiency. Besides low fuel consumption is also important to
evaluate an efficient gas turbine because it is inversely proportional to efficiency of
the unit. From the experiment, is at a speed of 1400 rotary per second, it is the
optimum speed that make the gas turbine running at the highest efficiency. The fuel
rate consumption at this speed is 1.48E-03kg/s and the power produce is 905.04W.
In conclusion, the optimum speed to run the unit at a high efficiency is at 1400 rotary
per second which has produced high power output and low fuel consumption. As a
recommendation, to further improve the overall performance of the gas turbine unit,
air to fuel ratio must be analyzed, in order to find an optimum air to fuel ratio in the
combustion chamber.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction …………………………………………………….…….… 3
1.1 Problem Statement ……………………………………...…….…… 3
1.2 Objectives ………………………………………………….….….... 4
1.3 Research Questions ……………………………………....………... 4
2. Literature Review ………………………………………………………. 4
2.1 Definition of Concepts on Topic ……………………………. …..… 5
2.2 Review of Previous Research Report …………………………….... 5
3. Research Methodology …………………………………………………. 5
3.1 Source of Data ……………………………………………………... 6
3.2 Methods for Data Collection …………………………………. …... 6
3.3 Sample ………………………………………………………...….... 6
3.4 Analysis Data …………………………………………………….... 6
3.5 Results of Study ………………………………………………....… 6
4. Conclusion & Recommendation ……………………………………... .10
5. References …………………………………………………………. ….10
6. Appendix ……………………………………………………………... .11

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Topic
An Introduction and Prospect of Gas Turbine Power Plants Energy in Power Sector
of Bangladesh.
1. Introduction
The world’s energy demand is projected to grow significantly over the next 20 years.
This increase will be a result of economic growth, industrial expansion, high
population growth, and urbanization, especially in the developing countries. The
major part of this energy demand is believed to be met by using non-renewable fossil
fuels with a limited supply. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type
of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a
downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber or area, called a combustor, in
between. The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power
plant except that the working fluid is air instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air
flows through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure. Energy is then added
by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so the combustion generates a high-
temperature flow. This high-temperature high-pressure gas enters a turbine, where it
expands down to the exhaust pressure, producing a shaft work output in the process.
The turbine shaft work is used to drive the compressor and other devices such as
an electric generator that may be coupled to the shaft. The energy that is not used for
shaft work comes out in the exhaust gases, so these have either a high temperature
or a high velocity. The purpose of the gas turbine determines the design so that the
most desirable energy form is maximized. Gas turbines are used to power aircraft,
trains, ships, electrical generators, pumps, gas compressors and tanks.

1.1 Problem Statement

Renewable power technologies can have significant environmental benefits.
Unlike natural gas, they can generate electricity and fuels without releasing
significant quantities of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate
change, however the greenhouse gas savings from a number of biofuels have been
found to be much less than originally anticipated.
As power plants tried to meet more stringent federal and state air pollution
requirements in the last few decades, FGD systems have been implemented to
remove Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide emissions. The wastewater from the FGD
process contains high levels of heavy metals, such as arsenic, mercury, and selenium,

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as well as chloride, total dissolved solids (TSS), and nutrients – all harmful to the
environment.
“Gas Turbine power plants in the Bangladesh produce a variety of airborne
pollutants and factors affecting emission formation.”

1.2 Objectives
“The major objective of this research is to review the methods used to calculate and
express Gas Turbine Power plant efficiency, Nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide
emissions, socio-economic impact and determine whether these can be reconciled
for comparison using a common basis.”
Measuring Gas Turbine power plant efficiency consistently is particularly important
at the global level, yet significant regional differences exist. Similarly, at the local
level, the performance of individual generating units and power plants can only be
compared if measured consistently. Although variations in efficiency may arise from
differences in plant design and maintenance practices, the practical and operational
constraints associated with different fuel sources, local ambient conditions and
electricity dispatch all play significant roles. Misunderstanding these factors can
result in the misinterpretation of efficiency data.
1.3 Research Questions

1. What is the socio-economic impact of gas turbine power plant in rural area of
Bangladesh?
2. What does it cost to develop a gas turbine power plant?
3. Will a gas turbine power plant beater work with the same power as an
electric beater?
2. Literature Review
2.1 Definitions of concepts on topic
 Gas Turbine: A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural
gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a

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 generator that produces electrical energy. It is electrical energy that moves
along power lines to homes and businesses.
 Turbine: A turbine is a machine that transforms rotational energy from a fluid
that is picked up by a rotor system into usable work or energy.
 Total Dissolved Solids: Total dissolved solids are a measure of the combined
content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in
molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.

2.2 Review of previous researches are as follows:

The use of gas to generate energy has negative health consequences. There is
evidence of gas impact on human health during every stage of its use for electricity
generation -- from mining to post combustion disposal. In particular, the combustion
of coal has been well-studied, with compelling evidence of widespread health effects
on the population. Air pollution produced by coal combustion in power plants can
affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems as well as cause abnormal
neurological development in children, poor growth of the fetus before birth, and can
cause cancer. Coal used for heating and cooking indoors, generates pollutants in
indoor air that are known to cause respiratory ailments and cancer. Moreover, coal
combustion contributes to climate change, which can harm human health on a global
scale.
This paper reviews operational flexibility and emissions of gas- and coal-fired power
plants today and in the future with higher renewables. Six study cases were
considered: heavy duty gas turbines in simple and combined cycle, aero-derivative
gas turbines, large-scale supercritical coal power plants and small- and mid-scale
sub-critical coal power plants. The most critical operational processes and pollutants
associated with these plants were identified. Then, data was collected mainly from
manufacturers, but also from academic research and grey literature. The data was
compared and analyzed. Detailed comparisons of the power plant characteristics as
well as the current and future flexibility and emissions are provided. Furthermore, a
method to quantify the ability of conventional power plants to back-up renewables
and the expected benefits from improved flexibility is proposed and evaluated.
3. Research Methodology
Methodology details are given below:

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3.1 Sources of Data
I used Primary and secondary sources for collecting information.
Primary sources: a. Focused group discussion b. Questionnaire survey c.
Unstructured Interview d. Systematic observations
Secondary Sources:
a. Related journals and articles, b. Website articles, c. Articles from Government/
Non-government organizations, d. Previous works on the related issue.
3.2 Methods of Data Collection
I used two methods for my data collection. Those are as follows:
 Unstructured Interview (which is qualitative method)
 Survey Questionnaire (which is quantitative method)

3.3 Sample
I choose some of the employee from Summit Ashulia Power Plant Bangladesh in
implementing the problems, solutions and recommendation regarding the present
conditions of Power plant efficiency, Nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide emissions,
socio-economic impact as my sample.

From total population of 200 employees I choose 15 people for my unstructured

interview and 50 people for survey questionnaire as sample to collect data for my
research report. The workers and maintenance engineers of Summit Ashulia Power
Plant were my responders.

3.4 Data Analysis and Results of Study

I got 15 samples from 200 responders using unstructured interview and I analyzed
the data for my research proposal.

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I also analyzed the data from survey questionnaire using statistics. The focus of
survey questionnaire was to assess the problems, solutions and recommendation to
their current and future employment prospect.

My sampling area was Khejur Bagan, Ashulia, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

where I have one power plant name is Summit Ashulia Power Plant.

As the methods of data collection for my research report I used both unstructured
interview and survey questionnaire. The questions and answers given by the
responders (workers and maintenance engineers) are given bellow as they respond.

Unstructured Interview Questions:

Research Question Theme 1:

Question 1: What is the reason behind airborne pollution from the gas turbine power
plant?
Answer: Gas turbine power plant creates high pressure and temperature for this
reason create more exhaust and it is the main reason behind this.
Question 2: What is the reason of the factors affecting emission formation in gas
turbine power plant?
Answer: Emission factors based on an average natural gas heating value in gas
turbine power plant
Research Question Theme 2:
Question 1: What is selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method for NOx control in
gas turbines ?
Answer: By mixing vaporized NH to react with NOx in exhaust gas to form
N2 and H2O.
Question 1:What are the performance which affect the effectiveness of cooling
tower?
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Answer: The performance of cooling tower mainly depends upon
temperature, humidity ratio of environment and type of cooling system used
in the tower

Research Question Theme 3:

Question 1: What is the possible techniques for reducing emissions of sulfur oxides
from gas turbine power plant?

Answer: Improved efficiency of conversion of fuel to electricity techniques we can

reduce it.

Question 2: Why we need to use low ash content fuels in GTPP?

Answer: Because ash content is more calorific value of fuel gets decreased.

Research Question Theme 4:

Question 1: How can we decrease the CO2 emissions to the atmosphere associated
with energy conversion?
Answer: Increased utilization of energy sources with lower carbon intensity, i.e. use
of fuels that emit less CO2 per unit of useful energy.
Question 2: What are the fundamental differences between conventional
combustion and Chemical Looping Combustion?
Answer: In the conventional combustion process, the hydrocarbon fuel CaHb and
air enter the combustor and in Chemical Looping Combustion, the overall
combustion reaction takes place in two reaction steps in two separate reactors.

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Survey Questionnaire:

Research Question Theme 1:

Question 1: Can we reduce the pollutants by implementing modifications to the
combustion process?
Answer: Yes.
Question 2: Can we separate the CO2 capture from gas turbine power plant?
Answer: Yes.
Research Question Theme 2:
Question 1: Can we use Chemical Looping Combustion system with Gas Turbine
System?
Answer: No.
Question 2: Can we use Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle?
Answer: Yes.
Research Question Theme 3:
Question 1: Is NOx increases strongly with fuel-to-air ratio?

Answer: Yes.

Question 2: Is it possible to control the high pressure and temperature in gas

turbine power plant?

Answer: No, It’s not possible.

Research Question Theme 4:

Question 1: Is cooling tower is so much important for a gas turbine power plant?
Answer: Yes.
Question 2: Can we use big chimney for the exhaust?
Answer: Yes, we can use.

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4. Conclusion
The emissions characteristics of gas turbines have been presented both at base load
and part load conditions. The interaction of emission control on other exhaust
emissions as well as the effects on gas turbine maintenance and performance have
also been presented. The minimum controllable NOx levels using LHE and
water/steam injection techniques have also been presented. Using this information,
emissions estimates and the overall effect of the various emission control methods
can be estimated. It is not the intent of this paper to provide sites pacific emissions.
For these values, the customer must contact GE.

5. References
 Stoll H.G., Smith R.W., Tomlinson L.O., Performance and economic
considerations of repowering steam power plants, GE Industrial & Power
Systems. Report GER-3644D 1994
 Escosa J. M., Romeo L.M., Optimizing CO2 avoided cost by means of
repowering, Applied Energy 86 (2009) 2351-2358
 Fränkle M., SRS: the standardized repowering solution for 300 MW steam
power plants in Russia. Siemens Power Generation Germany. Report 2006
 Szargut J., Energy and Ecological Effects of the Primary Gas-Turbine
Supplementing a gas turbine Power Plant, Int.J. Appl Thermodynamics, Vol.2,
(No.1), pp. 1-4, March-1999
 Lyman, S., and H.Shorthill,2013.2012 Uintah Basin winter ozone & air
quality study. Final report. Document no. CRD13-320.32. Commercialization
and Regional Development. Utah State University. February 1.

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Appendix
Sample Interview Questions:
1. Why gas turbine power plant creates high pressure?
2. How combustion chamber works in gas turbine power plant?
3. Why we use a compressor in gas turbine power plant?
Sample Survey Questionnaire:
1. Why we need to use low ash content fuels in GTPP?

2. What is the possible techniques for reducing emissions?

3. What is the exhaust gas cleaning system?

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