Nate Baker

Chawkat 3

Independent Research GT

12 February 2018

Perfect Annotated Bibliography #3

Henry, Carolyn J. ​Transitional Cell Carcinoma​. U of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.

​World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings​,
www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=3860788&pid=11242&print=1.
Accessed 13 Feb. 2018.

“Transitional Cell Carcinoma” by Carolyn J. Henry discusses TCC, treatment of TCC,

and especially the accuracy of the viral antigen BTA test. The viral antigen BTA test is a basic

sandwich ELISA test. This means the specific protein is sandwiched between a capture antibody

and a detection antibody with a preferred enzyme to produce a signal that can be light, color, or

other signals. The BTA test has antibodies to detect glycoproteins in the urine. The BTA test is a

benchmark assay because it is a simple dipstick coated with the antibodies and enzymes that has

a signal when it successfully detects a glycoprotein. An experiment was done where 65 dogs ( 20

histologically confirmed with TCC, 19 healthy, 26 other bladder diseases) had urine samples

placed on a BTA dipstick and 90% of the time the test successfully detected TCC in the dogs and

78% of the time in the non TCC group it came back with a true - negative result. The reason why

22% of the time there is a false - positive in the healthy and other bladder diseases is if there is

blood in the urine there will be glycoproteins present in the urine. The reason 10% of the time

there is a false - negative is that the glycoproteins just did not come in contact with the capture

antibody. Because the lack of specificity, the BTA test is only a screening test and not a
confirmatory test meaning it can be used as evidence for the need of another test and not to

actually diagnose TCC.

“Transitional Cell Carcinoma’ by Carolyn J. Henry is a reliable source because it has

authority, currency, objectivity, coverage, and accuracy. The author, Carolyn J. Henry, has

authority on the topic of veterinary oncology because she is a professor at the University of

Missouri at Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and she has a DVM from College

of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University. The research was done in 2007, but the procedure

and BTA test has not changed since then so it is still current. Information from this article can be

corroborated by other sources. For example, “Detection of canine transitional cell carcinoma

using a bladder tumor antigen urine dipstick test.” also says the BTA test has 90% accuracy and

78% specificity. The article is objective because it is not biased and it is appropriate for

veterinarians or researchers studying veterinary medicine. It is not biased because it

acknowledges that the BTA test is not perfect. The source goes into a perfect amount of detail so

people studying veterinary oncology can understand it while adding to their knowledge. Finally,

this source has a broad and deep source of information. For example it has information about

TCC, information about diagnosis, and many different treatment options. Each of these topics are

thoroughly explained and given data to back them up.