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General Certificate of Education

June 2005
Advanced Level Examination

BIOLOGY (SPECIFICATION B) BYB678/B

Unit 6 Section B Applying Biological Principles
Unit 7 Section B Applying Biological Principles
Unit 8 Section B Applying Biological Principles
Friday 24 June 2005 1.30 pm to 3.45 pm

In addition to this paper you will require: For Examiner’s Use

• Section A;
Number Mark Number Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements.
You may use a calculator. 1

2
Time allowed: The total time for Section A and Section B of this
paper is 2 hours 15 minutes. 3

4
Instructions
• Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all the questions in Section B in the spaces provided. All working
must be shown.
• Section A and Section B will be marked by different examiners.
You must ensure that any supplementary sheets are fastened to the
appropriate question paper answer book.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want marked.

Information
• The maximum mark for Section B is 50.
• Mark allocations are shown in brackets.
• You are reminded that all questions in this Section B are synoptic Total →
(Column 1)
(indicated by the letter S). You must use your knowledge of different
parts of the specification when answering this section. Total →
(Column 2)
• You are advised to spend 1 hour 15 minutes on Section B.
• You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. All TOTAL
answers should be in good English and should use accurate scientific
Examiner’s Initials
terminology.

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SECTION B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

S 1 Urease is an enzyme which hydrolyses urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia
produces an alkaline solution.

In an experiment, a solution of urease was placed in tubing made from a partially permeable
membrane. This tubing was put into a large test tube containing urea solution, as shown in the
diagram. A control was set up with urease solution in the tubing and water outside.

Large test tube

Partially permeable tubing

Urea solution

Urease solution

After 5 minutes, samples were taken from inside and outside the tubing in each of the test
tubes. The samples were tested with an indicator that is yellow below pH 8.0 and blue above
pH 8.0. The results are shown in the table.

Contents Colour with indicator after 5 minutes

Tube
Inside tubing Outside tubing Inside tubing Outside tubing

A Urease solution Urea solution Blue Yellow

B Urease solution Water Yellow Yellow

(a) Explain the result for tube A.

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(3 marks)

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(b) The solutions inside and outside the tubing in tube B were tested after 30 minutes for
the presence of protein.

(i) Describe how the presence of protein in a sample of a solution could be detected.

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(2 marks)

(ii) What results of the tests for protein would you expect for tube B? In each case
explain your answer.

Inside the tubing

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Outside the tubing

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(2 marks)

(c) Describe how you would carry out an investigation to find the optimum temperature for
the activity of urease.

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(3 marks)

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S 2 In an investigation by a student into the responses of maggots, the bottom of a large box was
marked with six coloured segments, as shown in the diagram.

Yellow Black

Green Red

White Blue

30 maggots were placed on each segment in the box. A transparent cover was put on the box
and light bulbs were positioned so that the segments were evenly illuminated. The positions
of the maggots were recorded after one hour. The intensity of the light reflected by each
segment was measured.

The experiment was repeated three more times. The total number of maggots in each segment
from the four experiments is shown in the table.

Intensity of reflected light

Colour of segment Total number of maggots
/ arbitrary units

Black 4 154

Red 25 229

Blue 10 178

White 44 47

Green 25 48

Yellow 40 64

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(a) Give one conclusion about the responses of maggots which is supported by these results.

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Give the evidence from the table for your conclusion.

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(2 marks)

(b) The chi-squared test was used to analyse the data. For the results obtained, suggest one
null hypothesis which might be analysed by a chi-squared test.

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(1 mark)

(c) It was suggested that the movement of the maggots might have been influenced by the
Earth’s magnetic field. Suggest one simple way of repeating the investigation which
would avoid this possibility.

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(1 mark)

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S 3 The diagram shows a single-celled organism called Chlamydomonas.

Flagellum

Light-sensitive Cell wall

eyespot
Cytoplasm Nucleus

Chloroplast

Starch store

(a) Chlamydomonas lives in fresh-water ponds. It uses its flagella to swim towards light of
moderate intensity but away from very bright light.

Using information in the diagram, explain the advantage of this behaviour.

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(2 marks)

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(b) A Chlamydomonas cell has two flagella. These flagella contain a single sort of protein.
A flagellum consists of a bundle of 242 filaments. Each filament consists of 7500 protein
molecules. Each protein molecule contains 900 amino acid units.

(i) What would be the minimum number of nucleotides in the coding region of the
mRNA used to synthesise this protein?

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(1 mark)

(ii) In an investigation, a culture of Chlamydomonas was treated in a way that caused

them to lose their flagella without any other damage to the cells. The flagella grew
back to their original length in 60 minutes.

How many amino acid molecules would be incorporated into each growing
flagellum per minute? Show your working.

Answer .........................................
(2 marks)

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(c) The researchers investigated the rate at which the flagella grew in three different media.

1. A medium containing actinomycin D, which prevents transcription by binding to

the guanine in DNA

2. A medium containing puromycin, which prevents translation by attaching to

ribosomes

3. A control medium

The results are shown in the graph.

2.0

Key
With actinomycin D
With puromycin
1.5
Control

Rate of growth
of flagella / µm 1.0
per minute

0.5

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time / minutes

(i) Describe how the rate of growth was affected by puromycin.

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(2 marks)

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(ii) The researchers concluded

1. that the cells used mRNA that is already present in the cytoplasm for the
regrowth of the flagella;

2. that some of the regrowth uses protein molecules already present in the cell.

Explain the evidence for each of these conclusions.

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(4 marks)

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S 4 Write an essay on one of the topics below.

EITHER

(a) Negative feedback in living organisms (25 marks)

OR

(b) Mean temperatures are rising in many parts of the world. The rising temperatures may
result in physiological and ecological effects on living organisms. Describe and explain
these effects. (25 marks)

In the answer to this question you should bring together relevant principles and concepts from
different parts of the specification.
Your essay will be marked not only for its scientific accuracy, but also for the selection of
relevant material.
The essay should be written in continuous prose.

The maximum number of marks that can be awarded is:

Scientific content 16
Breadth of knowledge 3
Relevance 3
Quality of Written Communication 3

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END OF QUESTIONS

For Examiner’s use only

Mark Comment

Q
25

Copyright © 2005 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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