STORAGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION - API 620

1 .0 DESIGN CODE & SPECIFICATION

DESIGN CODE : API 650 11th Edition
1 .1 TANK
Item number : TK-202
Roof ( Open/Close ) : Close
Type of roof ( Cone-roof / Dome-roof / Flat-roof / NA ) : Dome-roof
1 .2 GEOMETRIC DATA
Inside diameter , Di ( corroded ) (@ 61,200 mm ) = 61,202
Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 61,170
Nominal diameter, Dc ( corroded ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 61,231
Tank height (tan/tan), H = 34,000
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Actual) = 0.480
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Design) = 1.00
Geometry capacity , Vgeo. = 100023
Nominal capacity design , V = 80,000
Maximum design liquid level, HL = 30,000
2 .0 WIND LOAD CALCULATION (OVERTURNING STABILITY)
2 .1 WIND DESIGN CALCULATION
Internal design pressure, Pi ( @ 15.0 mbarg. ) = 0.0015
Insulation thickness, ti = 0
Nominal diameter of tank, D = 61,170
Tank height , Hs = 34,000
Roof slope, ß° = 30.00
Roof height, Hr (Rdome = 1.00 x Di) = 8,199.2
Height from tank bottom to shell centre, Ls = 17,000
Height from tank bottom to roof centre,Lr = 36,733
Min. depth of product (always present in tank) , Hw = 0.0
Wind design speed = 132
= 36.80
Weight of tank,Wt (corroded condition) = 2,308,200 kg = 22,643,442
Weight of product (always present in tank) , Ww = 0 kg = 0
Weight of shell + top angle (corroded), W DL = 1,258,200 kg = 12,342,942
2 .2 WIND FORCE CALCULATION
As per API 650 clause 5.2.1(k), the wind pressure are as follows:-
Wind pressure on doubly curved surfaces, wr = 30.00 psf = 0.0014
Wind pressure on cylindrical surfaces, ws = 18.00 psf = 0.0009
Wind correction factor, kw (= V /190)² = 1.00
Projected area of roof, Ar = 0.5 Do Hr = 251,142,883
Projected area of shell, As = Do Hs = 2,082,840,000
Total wind load exerted on roof, Fr = wr.kw.Ar = 360,867
Total wind load exerted on shell, Fs = ws.kw.As = 1,795,698
Total wind moment on tank, Mw = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls = 43,782,614,977
2 .3 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST WIND LOADING
Wind Uplift Load

Internal Pressure Load

D/2

Wind load on H
shell, Fr
 H/2 Momment about
shell to bottom joint

Dead Load (WDL)

Liquid hold down weight (wa)

For tank to be structurally stable without anchorage, the following uplift criteria shall satisfy:
Criteria 1: 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5
Criteria 2: Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2
where:
Mpi = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure
= Uplift thrust on roof due to internal pressure x 1/2 tank diameter
= ( 1/4 p. D2. Pi ). 1/2. D = 134,823,807,052
Mw = Overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from horizontal
plus vertical wind pressure
= Total wind moment on tank, ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 43,782,614,977
MDL = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from the weight of the
shell and the roof supported by the shell.
= 0.5. D. WDL = 377,508,881,070
Weight of roof = 0, Since it is floating on liquid
MF = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from liquid weight (wa) = 900,950,096,394
= (wa. p D). D
1000 2
wa = Weight of liquid = 59 tb Fby. H = 153,286.50
H= Design liquid height = 30.0
tb = Thickness of Bottom plate under the shell = 30
Fby = Minimum specified yeid stress of the bottom plate under the shell = 250
For Criteria 1:
0.6 Mw + Mpi = 161,093,376,038
MDL / 1.5 = 251,672,587,380
For Criteria 2:
Mw + 0.4 Mpi = 97,712,137,798
(MDL +MF) / 2 = 639,229,488,732
Since,
0.6 Mw+ Mpi < MDL/1.5, and
Mw+0.4 Mpi < 1/2 (MDL+ MF)
The tank anchorage is NOT REQUIRED.
3 .0 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION
3 .1 SEISMIC LOADS DESIGN
3 .1.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Seismic peak ground acceleration, Sp (Refer. per TCVN 9386:2012) = 0.0442
Importance factor, I = 1.25
Site Class = D
Nominal diameter of tank, D = 61,231
Total height of tank shell, Ht = 34,000
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of shell, Xs = 17,000
Maximum design liquid level, H = 30,000
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of roof, Xr = 0.0
Design specific gravity of liquid, G = 0.480
Total weight of tank shell, Ws ( @ 1,258,200 kg ) = 12,338,727
Total weight of structure tank roof, Wr ( @ 1,050,000 kg ) = 10,296,983
Total weight of tank contents, Wp ( @ 38,400,000 kg ) = 376,575,360
Total weight of tank bottom, Wf (@ 250,000 kg ) = 2,451,663
 Note: The total weight of the tank roof will be added to the weight of tank content,
since the roof is floating on the liquid.
3 .1.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS
Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter, Ai
I
Ai = SDS x = 0.127
Rwi
Convective spectral acceleration parameter, Ac
When Tc ≤ TL:
K x SD1 x 1 I
Ac = = -
Tc Rwc
When Tc > TL:
TL I
Ac = K x SD1 x ≤ Ai = 0.017
Tc 2
Rwc
Where:
Q= Scaling factor (For regions outside USA) = 1.0
K= Coefficient to adjust the spectral damping from 5% - 0.5% = 1.5
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient as per Table E-1 = 1.1
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient as per Table E-2 = 1.5
So = Substitution for seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.0442
SDS = 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter = 0.1783
at short periods (T = 0.2 seconds)
SD1 = 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter = 0.1609
at one seconds
Rwi = Force reduction coefficient for impulsive mode as per Table E-4 = 1.75
Rwc = Force reduction coefficient for convective mode as per Table E-4 = 1.00
TL = Regional dependent transition period for longer period = 4.0
ground motion
Tc = First mode sloshing wave period for convective mode = 8.37
Ts = Fv. S1/ Fa. Ss = 1.09
3 .1.3 CONVECTIVE (SLOSHING ) PERIOD
The first mode sloshing wave period,
= 8.37
Where,
Ks = sloshing period coefficient

= 0.59

Fv . S1
Ts = = 1.09
Fa . Ss
Where,
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec perios)
as per Table E-1 = 1.10
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1 sec. period) as per Table E-2 = 1.50
S1 = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response
acceleration parameter at the period of one second, %g
Ss = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response
acceleration parameter at shorts period of 0.2 second, %g
Refer. per TCVN 9386:2012
S1 = = 0.0884
Ss = 2.50 x Sp = 0.1105
Since: Tc > TL , the convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac = 0.017
and the impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai = 0.127
3 .2 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST SEISMIC LOADING
3 .2.1 EFFECTIVE MASS OF TANK CONTENTS [E.6.1.1
 Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight,
For D/H ≥ 1.333,

= 200,979,389.14

For D/H < 1.333,

= -

Since D/H > 1.333 , Wi = 200,979,389.14

Effective convective weight,

= 167,340,412.57

3 .2.2 CENTER OF ACTION FOR EFFECTIVE LATERAL FORCES [E.6.1.2.2]

The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the impulsive liquid force for Slab moment,
For D/H ≥ 1.333,

= 24,352.2

T_c= 1.8×K_s×√D
For D/H < 1.333,
= -

K_s=
Since: 0.578/√(tanh , Xis
D/H > 1.333((3.68×H)/D) ) = 24,352.2
The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the convective liquid force for Slab moment,

= 23,380.91

3 .2.3 OVERTURNING MOMENT [E.6.1.5-2]

For Slab Moment, Ms:
= 653,524,652,970
3 .2.4 SHEAR FORCE [E.6.1-1]
The seismic base shear shall be defined as the SRSS combination of the impulsive and convective components.
= 28,935,217

where, = 28,790,930.63
= 2,886,012.61
mm
mm
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mm

m³
m³
mm

N/mm²
mm
mm
mm
°
mm
mm
mm
mm
km/hr
m/s
N
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N

N/mm²
N/mm²

mm²
mm²
N
N
Nmm
Nmm

Nmm

Nmm

Nmm

N/m
m
mm
N/mm2

Nmm
Nmm

Nmm
Nmm

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

N
N
N
N
g

g
g

s
s

g
g
g
g
 N

mm

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mm

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vective components.
N

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 STORAGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION - API 650
1 .0 DESIGN CODE & SPECIFICATION
DESIGN CODE : API 650 11th Edition
1 .1 TANK
Item number : TK-202
Roof ( Open/Close ) : Close
Type of roof ( Cone-roof / Dome-roof / Flat-roof / NA ) : Dome-roof
1 .2 GEOMETRIC DATA
Inside diameter , Di ( corroded ) (@ 63,700 mm ) = 63,702
Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 63,670
Nominal diameter, Dc ( corroded ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 63,731
Tank height (tan/tan), H = 34,000
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Actual) = 1.000
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Design) = 1.00
Geometry capacity , Vgeo. = 108361
Nominal capacity design , V = 80,000
Maximum design liquid level, HL = 30,000
2 .0 WIND LOAD CALCULATION (OVERTURNING STABILITY)
2 .1 WIND DESIGN CALCULATION
Internal design pressure, Pi ( @ 15.0 mbarg. ) = 0.0015
Insulation thickness, ti = 0
Nominal diameter of tank, D = 63,670
Tank height , Hs = 34,000
Roof slope, ß° = 30.00
Roof height, Hr (Rdome = 1.00 x Di) = 8,534.2
Height from tank bottom to shell centre, Ls = 17,000
Height from tank bottom to roof centre,Lr = 36,845
Min. depth of product (always present in tank) , Hw = 2000.0
Wind design speed = 132
= 36.80
Weight of tank,Wt (corroded condition) = 15,568 kg = 152,722
Weight of product (always present in tank) , Ww = 6,374,205 kg = 62,530,949
Weight of shell + top angle (corroded), W DL = 9,027 kg = 88,558
2 .2 WIND FORCE CALCULATION
As per API 650 clause 5.2.1(k), the wind pressure are as follows:-
Wind pressure on doubly curved surfaces, wr = 30.00 psf = 0.0014
Wind pressure on cylindrical surfaces, ws = 18.00 psf = 0.0009
Wind correction factor, kw (= V /190)² = 1.00
Projected area of roof, Ar = 0.5 Do Hr = 272,069,715
Projected area of shell, As = Do Hs = 2,167,840,000
Total wind load exerted on roof, Fr = wr.kw.Ar = 390,937
Total wind load exerted on shell, Fs = ws.kw.As = 1,868,980
Total wind moment on tank, Mw = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls = 46,176,606,341
2 .3 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST WIND LOADING
Wind Uplift Load

Internal Pressure Load

D/2

Wind load on H
shell, Fr
 H/2 Momment about
shell to bottom joint

Dead Load (WDL)

Liquid hold down weight (wa)

For tank to be structurally stable without anchorage, the following uplift criteria shall satisfy:
Criteria 1: 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5
Criteria 2: Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2
where:
Mpi = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure
= Uplift thrust on roof due to internal pressure x 1/2 tank diameter
= ( 1/4 p. D2. Pi ). 1/2. D = 152,039,241,514
Mw = Overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from horizontal
plus vertical wind pressure
= Total wind moment on tank, ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 46,176,606,341
MDL = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from the weight of the
shell and the roof supported by the shell.
= 0.5. D. WDL = 2,819,237,977
Weight of roof = 0, Since it is floating on liquid
MF = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from liquid weight (wa) = 976,098,116,648
= (wa. p D). D
1000 2
wa = Weight of liquid = 59 tb Fby. H = 153,286.50
H= Design liquid height = 30.0
tb = Thickness of Bottom plate under the shell = 30
Fby = Minimum specified yeid stress of the bottom plate under the shell = 250
For Criteria 1:
0.6 Mw + Mpi = 179,745,205,318
MDL / 1.5 = 1,879,491,985
For Criteria 2:
Mw + 0.4 Mpi = 106,992,302,946
(MDL +MF) / 2 = 489,458,677,313
Since,
0.6 Mw+ Mpi > MDL/1.5, and
Mw+0.4 Mpi < 1/2 (MDL+ MF)
The tank anchorage is REQUIRED.
3 .0 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION
3 .1 SEISMIC LOADS DESIGN
3 .1.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Seismic peak ground acceleration, Sp (Refer. per TCVN 9386:2012) = 0.0472
Importance factor, I = 1.00
Site Class = D
Nominal diameter of tank, D = 63,731
Total height of tank shell, Ht = 34,000
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of shell, Xs = 17,000
Maximum design liquid level, H = 30,000
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of roof, Xr = 0.0
Design specific gravity of liquid, G = 1.0
Total weight of tank shell, Ws (@ 9,027 kg ) = 88,558
Total weight of structure tank roof, Wr (@ 1,931 kg ) = 18,942
Total weight of tank contents, Wp ( @ 80,000,000 kg ) = 784,800,000
Total weight of tank bottom, Wf (@ 2,424 kg ) = 23,780
 Note: The total weight of the tank roof will be added to the weight of tank content,
since the roof is floating on the liquid.
3 .1.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS
Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter, Ai
I
Ai = Q x Fa x Ss x = 0.054
Rwi
Convective spectral acceleration parameter, Ac
When Tc ≤ TL:
Ts I
Ac = K x Q x Fv x S1 x ≤ Ai = -
Tc Rwc
When Tc > TL:
Ts .TL I
Ac = K x Q x Fv x S1 x ≤ Ai = 0.101
Tc 2
Rwc
Where:
Q = Scaling factor (For regions outside USA) = 1.0
K = Coefficient to adjust the spectral damping from 5% - 0.5% = 1.5
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient as per Table E-1 = 1.4
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient as per Table E-2 = 2.0
So = Substitution for seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.4629
Rwi = Force reduction coefficient for impulsive mode as per Table E-4 = 4.0
Rwc = Force reduction coefficient for convective mode as per Table E-4 = 2.0
TL = Regional dependent transition period for longer period = 4.0
ground motion
Tc = First mode sloshing wave period for convective mode = 8.57
Ts = Fv. S1/ Fa. Ss = 1.09
3 .1.3 CONVECTIVE (SLOSHING ) PERIOD
The first mode sloshing wave period,
T_c= 1.8×K_s×√D = 8.57
Where,
Ks = sloshing period coefficient
K_s= 0.578/√(tanh((3.68×H)/D) )
= 0.60

Fv . S1
Ts = = 1.09
Fa . Ss
Where,
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec perios)
as per Table E-1 = 1.44
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1 sec. period) as per Table E-2 = 1.96
S1 = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response
acceleration parameter at the period of one second, %g
Ss = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response
acceleration parameter at shorts period of 0.2 second, %g
Refer. per TCVN 9386:2012
S1 = = 0.1193
Ss = = 0.1492
Since: Tc > TL , the convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac = 0.10
and the impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai = 0.05
3 .2 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST SEISMIC LOADING
3 .2.1 EFFECTIVE MASS OF TANK CONTENTS [E.6.1.1
Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight,
For D/H ≥ 1.333,
 W_i= [tanh(0.866D/H)/(0.866D/H)] W_p
= 405,588,365.52

For D/H < 1.333,

W_i= [1−0.218 D/H] W_p
= -

Since D/H > 1.333 , Wi = 405,588,365.52

Effective convective weight,
W_c= 0.23 D/H tanh 〖 (3.67H/D) W_p 〗 = 359,977,074.05

3 .2.2 CENTER OF ACTION FOR EFFECTIVE LATERAL FORCES [E.6.1.2.2]

The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the impulsive liquid force for Slab moment,
For D/H ≥ 1.333,
X_is= 0.375[1+1.333((0.866 D/H)/tanh(0.866 D/H) −1)]H
= 25,271.0

For D/H < 1.333,

X_is= [0.5+0.06 D/H]H
= -

Since: D/H > 1.333 , Xis = 25,271.0

The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the convective liquid force for Slab moment,
X_cs= [1−cosh 〖 (3.67H/D)−1.937 〗 /(3.67H/D sinh(3.67H/D) )]H
= 23,847.37

3 .2.3 OVERTURNING MOMENT [E.6.1.5-2]

For Slab Moment, Ms:
M_s= √([A_i (W_i X_is+W_s X_s+W_r X_r )]^2+[A_c (W_c X_cs )]^2 )
= 1,027,086,005,731
3 .2.4 SHEAR FORCE [E.6.1-1]
The seismic base shear shall be defined as the SRSS combination of the impulsive and convective components.
V= √( 〖 V_i 〗 ^2+ 〖 V_c 〗 ^2 ) = 42,387,990

where, V_i=A_i (W_s+W_r+W_f+W_i ) = 21,793,355.31

V_c=A_c W_c = 36,356,448.44
mm
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m³
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N/mm²
mm
mm
mm
°
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km/hr
m/s
N
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N
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N/m
m
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N
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N
N
s

s
s

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 N

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vective components.
N

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 Seismic Analysis of Liquid Storage Tanks
1. Seismic design parameters
Reference peak ground acceleration (Appe. H of TCVN : 9386-2012) agR
Importance factor I
Design ground acceleration on type A ground ag =
Acceleration due to gravity g
Ground type
Value of soil factor "S" as a function of Site Class: D S
Corner periods in the spectrum TB
TC
TD
TE
TF
Horizontal elastic response spectrum:

0.3000
Elastic design r
0.2750
0.2500
0.2250
0.2000
0.1750
0.1500
0.1250
0.1000
0.0750
0.0500
0.0250
0.0000
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Impul si ve (ξ=2.0%

Where: η = (10/(5+ξ))^0.5 >=0.55; η = 1 for 5% damping

2. Weight Calculations
Inside diameter D
Height of top tank H
Depth of liquid h
Equivalent thickness of tank wall tes
Base plate thickness tb
Liquid of specific gravity ρ
Weight of tank wall Ww
Weight of base plate Wb
Weight of roof Wr
Weight of liquid Wlq
Mass of tank wall mw
Mass of base slab / plate mb
 Mass of roof mr
Mass of liquid in tank m
3. Parameters of Spring Mass Model
Ratio height of liquid and Inside diameter h/D
Refer to table A.2 Eurocode 8 Part 4 for the following factor:
[mi/m]
[mc/m]
[hi/h]
[hc/h]
[hi*/h]
[hc*/h]
Since, Impulsive mass of liquid mi =
Similarly, Convective mass of liquid mc =
Height of imp. mass above bot. of tank wall (w/o considering base press.) hi =
Height of con. mass above bot.of tank wall (w/ot considering base press.) hc =
Height of imp. mass above bot. of tank wall (considering base press.) hi * =
Height of con. mass above bot. of tank wall (considering base press.) hc* =
4. Time Period Calcul.
4.1. Time period of impulsive mode
T_imp =C_i×(h×

Where:
Young’s modulus for steel E
Inside diameter of tank D
Equivalent thickness of tank wall t
Depth of liquid h
Mass density of liquid ρ
Coefficient of time period for impulsive mode Ci
4.2. Time period of convective mode,

Where:
Inside diameter of tank D
Acceleration due to gravity g
Coefficient of time period for convective mode Cc
5. Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
Impulsive spectral acceleration with 2% damping ratio Se(Timp) x
0 <= Timp <=TB ; Se(Timp)
TB < Timp <=TC ; Se(Timp)
TC < Timp <=TD ; Se(Timp)
TD < Timp <=4s ; Se(Timp)
Where:
 viscous damping ratio (%) [4.1.3(1) refer EN1998-2:2005] ξimp
Damping correction factor ηimp =
Time period of impulsive mode Timp
Force reduction coefficient for impulsive mode Rwi
Convective spectral acceleration with 0.5% damping ratio Se(Tcon) x
0 <= Tcon <=TB ; Se(Tcon)
TB < Tcon <=TC ; Se(Tcon)
TC < Tcon <=TD ; Se(Tcon)
TD < Tcon <=4s ; Se(Tcon)
4s < Tcon <=TE ; SDe(Tcon)
(Appe. A of TCVN : 9386-2012) TE < Tcon <=TF ; SDe(Tcon)
dg =
Where:
Viscous damping ratio (%) [A.3.2.2.2 refer EN1998-4:2006] ξcon
Damping correction factor ηcon =
Time period of convective mode Tcon
Force reduction coefficient for convective mode Rwc
6. Base Shear [A.3.2.2.2 refer EN1998-4:2006]
Base shear at the bottom of wall in impulsive mode V_i =S_e (T_imp)×(m_i+
Similarly, base shear in convective mode V_c =S_e (T_con)×m_c

Total base shear at the bottom of wall V =√( 〖 V_i 〗 ^

7. Moment at Bottom of Wall [A.3.2.2.2 refer EN1998-4:2006]

Bending moment at the bottom of wall in impulsive mode
M_i =S_e (T_imp)×(m_i h_i+m_w h_w+m_r h_r )×g
Similarly, bending moment in convective mode
M_c =S_e (T_con)×m_c h_c
M =√( 〖 M_i 〗
Total bending moment at bottom of wall

Where:
Height of impulsive mass above bottom of tank wall hi
Height of center of gravity of wall mass above bottom of tank wall hw =
Height of center of gravity of roof mass above bottom of tank wall hr
Height of convective mass above bottom of tank wall hc
8. Overturning Moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base plate, M* should be used to design the foundation
Overturning moment in impulsive mode
M_i^∗=S_e (T_imp)×[m_i (h_i^∗+t_b )+m_w (h_w+t_b )+m_r (h_r+t_b )+
Overturning moment in convective mode
M_c^∗ =S_e (T_con)×[m_c (h

M^∗ =√( 〖 M_i 〗 ^

Total overturning moment at the bottom of base plate

9. Sloshing Height [A.2.1.4 refer EN1998-4:2006]

 d_max =0.84×S_e (T_con )×R
Maximum sloshing height

10. Anchorage Requirement

Here, Ratio height of liquid and Inside diameter h/D
and β =
Since, h/D <
iquid Storage Tanks
= 0.0442 g
= 1.25
I x agR = 0.0553 g
= 9.81 m/s2
- D
= 1.35
= 0.20 s
= 0.80 s
= 2.00 s
= 6.00 s
= 10.00 s

000
Elastic design response spectra
750
500
250
000
750
500
250
000
750
500
250
000
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Impul si ve (ξ=2.0%) Convective (ξ=0.5%)

= 61.20 m
= 33.00 m
= 32.50 m
= 0.018 m
= 0.005 m
= 480 kg/m3
= 8971.2 kN
= 1155.4 kN
= 5000.0 kN
= 450026.4 kN
= 914808.9 kg
= 117820.1 kg
 = 509858.1 kg
= 45889922.5 kg

= 0.531

= 0.568
= 0.432
= 0.375
= 0.615
= 0.755
= 0.765
[mi/m] x m = 26062791.6 kg
[mc/m] x m = 19827130.9 kg
[hi/h] x h = 12.19 m
[hc/h] x h = 20.00 m
[hi*/h] x h = 24.55 m
[hc*/h] x h = 24.85 m

T_imp =C_i×(h×√ρ)/(√(t/D)×√E)
= 0.40 s

= 2.00E+11 N/m2
= 61.20 m
= 0.02 m
= 32.50 m
= 480 kg/m3
= 4.29

T_con =C_c×√(D/g)
= 8.35 s

= 61.20 m
= 9.81 m/s2
= 3.34 s/m^0.5

I/Rwi = 0.159 g
0 <= Timp <=TB ; Se(Timp) = -
TB < Timp <=TC ; Se(Timp) = 0.223 g
TC < Timp <=TD ; Se(Timp) = -
TD < Timp <=4s ; Se(Timp) = -
 = 2.0 %
[10/(5+ξ)]^0.5 = 1.195
= 0.40 s
= 1.75
I/Rwc = 0.007 g
0 <= Tcon <=TB ; Se(Tcon) = -
TB < Tcon <=TC ; Se(Tcon) = -
TC < Tcon <=TD ; Se(Tcon) = -
TD < Tcon <=4s ; Se(Tcon) = -
4s < Tcon <=TE ; SDe(Tcon) = -
TE < Tcon <=TF ; SDe(Tcon) = 0.006 g
SDe(Tcon) = -

= 0.5 %
[10/(5+ξ)]^0.5 = 1.348
= 8.35 s
= 1.00

V_i =S_e (T_imp)×(m_i+m_w+m_r ) = 42912.5 kN

V_c =S_e (T_con)×m_c = 1435.1 kN
V =√( 〖 V_i 〗 ^2+ 〖 V_c 〗 ^2 )= 42,937 kN

= 1383567.0 kN.m

M_c =S_e (T_con)×m_c h_c = 28698.4 kN.m

M =√( 〖 M_i 〗 ^2+ 〖 M_c 〗 ^2 )
= 1383864.6 kN.m

= 12.19 m
0.5 x H = 16.50 m
= 41.54 m
= 20.00 m

n the foundation

m_w (h_w+t_b )+m_r (h_r+t_b )+0.5m_b t_b ] = 1055728.6 kN.m

M_c^∗ =S_e (T_con)×[m_c (h_c^∗+t_b )] = 28705.6 kN.m

M^∗ =√( 〖 M_i 〗 ^(∗2)+ 〖 M_c 〗 ^(∗2) )

= 1,056,119 kN.m
d_max =0.84×S_e (T_con )×R_i/g
= 0.190 m

= 0.53
1 / Se(Timp) = 6.28
β, => No anchorage is required.
Medium radius of the outer tank Dc
Height of the outer tank wall L
Thickness of the outer tank wall tc
Density of the wall ρc
Elastic modulus of the wall Ec
Poisson’s ratio of the wall νc
f_F=(0.2×D_c)/L^2 ×√(E_c/ρ_c )
Cantilevered flexural beam

f_S=1/(8×L×√(1+ν_c ))×√(E_c/ρ_
Cantilevered shear beam

f_R=1/(D_c×π×√(1−ν_c^2 ))×√(E_c
Series of independent ring

Considering only structural roof mass, assumption

that it acts as a cantilevered fl exural beam:
f_cF=1/2π×√(k_cF/m_d )

Where:
Total dome mass md
k_cF=3×π×(D_c/(2×L))^3×E_c 〖 ×
Stiffness kcF

Considering only structural roof mass, assumption that it acts as a cantilevered shear beam
f_cS=1/2π×√(k_cS/m_d )

Where:
k_cS=π/(4×(1+ν_c ) )×D_c/L×E_c
Stiffness kcS

The natural frequency of the outer tank

1/(f_ot^2 )=1/(f_F^2 )+1/(f_S^2 )+1/(f_R^2 )+(1/(f_cF
Eqs:

Hence,
Natural period of the outer tank
Convective spectral acceleration with 2% damping ratio
Where:
Viscous damping ratio (%)
Damping correction factor
fot
Tot =
Se(Tot) x
0 <= Tot <=TB ; Se(Tot)
TB < Tot <=TC ; Se(Tot)
TC < Tot <=TD ; Se(Tot)
TD < Tot <=4s ; Se(Tot)
4s < Tot <=TE ; Se(Tot)
(Appe. A of TCVN : 9386-2012) TE < Tot <=TF ; SDe(Tot)
dg =
[A.3.2.2.2 refer EN1998-4:2006] ξot
ηot =
 Force reduction coefficient for convective mode Rwc
Importance factor I
Base Shear
V_ot =S_e (T_ot)×(m_it+m_ot+m
Where:
The total mass of the inner tank at bottom plate m_it =m_i+m_c+m_iw+m_b
The masses of the impulsive mi
The masses of the convective mc
The mass of the inner tank wall m_iw =m_Is+m_Sri+m_Fgb+m_P
The mass of steel inner tank wall mIs
The mass of the Intermediate Stiffener ring mSri
The mass of the FiberGlass blanket mFgb
The mass of Perlite wall insulation tank mPl
The mass of the bottom plate inner tank m_bi =m_bis+m_oth
The mass of the steel bottom tank mbis
The mass of other (Sand, Cellular glass, Perlite concrete ring,…) moth
The total mass of the outer tank at bottom plate m_ot =m_Ow+m_Sro+m_bos+m_
The mass of steel outer tank wall mOw
The mass of the Outermost Stiffener ring mSro
The mass of the bottom plate outer tank mbos
The mass of the roof tank m_r =m_d+m_Sd
The mass of the plate and structure of dome md
The mass of the Suspend Deck mSd
Overturning Moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base plate, M* should be used to design the foundation
M_i^∗=S_e (T_ot)×[m_i (h_i^∗+t_b )+m_w (h_w+t_b )+m_r (h_r+t_b )+0.5m_b t_b ]
 = 63.7 m
= 36.244 m
= 0.02 m
= 7850 kg/m3
= 2.00E+11 Pa
= 0.3
_F=(0.2×D_c)/L^2 ×√(E_c/ρ_c )
= 48.95 Hz

f_S=1/(8×L×√(1+ν_c ))×√(E_c/ρ_c )
= 15.27 Hz

_R=1/(D_c×π×√(1−ν_c^2 ))×√(E_c/ρ_c )
= 26.44 Hz

f_cF=1/2π×√(k_cF/m_d )
= 43.16 Hz

= 3.48E+05 kg
k_cF=3×π×(D_c/(2×L))^3×E_c 〖 ×t 〗 _c
= 2.56E+10 N/m

f_cS=1/2π×√(k_cS/m_d )
= 17.59 Hz

k_cS=π/(4×(1+ν_c ) )×D_c/L×E_c×t_c
= 4.25E+09 N/m

F^2 )+1/(f_S^2 )+1/(f_R^2 )+(1/(f_cF^2 ) " " +1/(f_cS^2 ) " -2" )

= 0.010 Hz

= 10.05 Hz
= 0.100 s
I/Rwc = 0.185 g
<= Tot <=TB ; Se(Tot) = 0.148 g
< Tot <=TC ; Se(Tot) = -
< Tot <=TD ; Se(Tot) = -
D
< Tot <=4s ; Se(Tot) = -
s < Tot <=TE ; Se(Tot) = -
< Tot <=TF ; SDe(Tot) = -
SDe(Tot) = -

= 2.0 %
[10/(5+ξ)]^0.5 = 1.20
 = 1
= 1.25

V_ot =S_e (T_ot)×(m_it+m_ot+m_r ) = 98,111 kN

m_it =m_i+m_c+m_iw+m_b = 52,338,847 kg

= 26,062,792 kg
= 19,827,131 kg
m_iw =m_Is+m_Sri+m_Fgb+m_Pl = 4,966,966 kg
= 824,069 kg
= 258,305 kg
= 19,059 kg
= 3,865,533 kg
m_bi =m_bis+m_oth = 1,481,958 kg
= 176,096 kg
= 1,305,862 kg
m_ot =m_Ow+m_Sro+m_bos+m_r = 1,113,221 kg
= 941,793 kg
= 39,564 kg
= 131,864 kg
m_r =m_d+m_Sd = 485,161 kg
= 3.48E+05 kg
= 137,285 kg

w+t_b )+m_r (h_r+t_b )+0.5m_b t_b ] = kN.m

 Se(Ti) 0.159 g
D 61.2 m
h 32.5 m
x 30.6 m
l' 61.2 m
ρ 485 kg/m3
g 9.80665 m/s2

p_ib=0.866×S_e (T_i)×ρ×g×h×sinh(1.732×x/h)/cosh(0.866×l′/h)
19713
 ID = 61.13 m
OD = 63.68 m
ts = 1.27 m
Hi = 33.00 m
Ho = m
Hdeck = 2.568 m
Htest = 19.70 m
Hmax = 32.50 m
Tổng khối lượng toàn bộ bể: - 55,009 Tấn
Khối lượng bên trong bể 52,125,898
Cát tạo phẳng đáy #1 Sand #1 = 586,987 kg
Lớp cách nhiệt đáy Cellular glass block = 305,233 kg
Cát tạo phẳng đáy #2 Sand #2 = 176,096 kg
Tấm đáy bể trong Bottom inner 9%Ni = 121,550 kg
Vành bê tông perlite Perlite concrete ring inner tank = 237,545 kg
Thép thành trong Inner tank shell = 824,069 kg
Tăng cứng thành Intermediate Stiffener ring = 258,305 kg
Bọc cách nhiệt thành FiberGlass resient blanket = 19,059 kg
Cách nhiệt Perlite Fill Perlite insulation = 3,865,533 kg
Kết cấu mái treo Suspend Deck = 137,285 kg
Thử tải tĩnh Hydrotest inner tank = 0 kg no
Vận hành lớn nhất Max. operating = 45,594,235 kg
Khối lượng bên ngoài bể 2,883,286
Cát tạo phẳng đáy #1 Sand #1 = 636,920 kg
Lớp cách nhiệt đáy Cellular glass block = 331,199 kg
Cát tạo phẳng đáy #2 Sand #2 = 191,076 kg
Tấm đáy bể ngoài Bottom inner 9%Ni = 131,864 kg
Vành bê tông perlite Perlite concrete outer tank = 247,557 kg
Thép thành ngoài Outer tank shell = 941,793 kg
Tăng cứng vành mái Outermost Stiffener ring = 39,564 kg
Kết cấu khung mái Rafter roof = 179,953 kg
Tấm mái roof plate = 128,359 kg
Sàn thao tác trên mái Platform roof = 50,000 kg
Cầu thang lên bể Stair + ladder = 5,000 kg
tải phân tính toán phân bố đều 17.27 T/m2
tải phân tính toán nhân hệ số 20.73 T/m2
tải phân bố trên chu vi bể 42.4 T/m
tải phân tính toán phân bố 15.1 T/m2
tải phân tính toán nhân hệ số 18.12 T/m2
Reference peak ground acceleration agR = 0.0442 g
Importance factor I = 1.00
Design ground acceleration ag = I x agR = 0.0442 g no
Ground type - D
Value of soil factor "S" as a function S = 1.35
Corner periods in the spectrum TB = 0.20 s
TC = 0.80 s
TD = 2.00 s
TE = 6.00 s
TF = 10.00 s
Viscous damping ratio (%) ξ 2.0 % 0.5 % 5.0 %
Damping correction factor η 1.195 1.348 1.000
Se(T) [m/s2]
T [s]
Impulsive Convective TCVN cm/s2
0.0 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 5.97
0.1 0.1190 0.1304 0.1044 10.44
0.2 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.3 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.4 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.5 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.6 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.7 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.8 0.1783 0.2011 0.1492 14.92
0.9 0.1585 0.1788 0.1326 13.26
1.0 0.1426 0.1609 0.1193 11.93
1.1 0.1297 0.1463 0.1085 10.85
1.2 0.1189 0.1341 0.0995 9.95
1.3 0.1097 0.1238 0.0918 9.18
1.4 0.1019 0.1149 0.0852 8.52
1.5 0.0951 0.1073 0.0796 7.96
1.6 0.0891 0.1006 0.0746 7.46
1.7 0.0839 0.0947 0.0702 7.02
1.8 0.0792 0.0894 0.0663 6.63
1.9 0.0751 0.0847 0.0628 6.28
2.0 0.0713 0.0805 0.0597 5.97
2.1 0.0647 0.0730 0.0541 5.41
2.2 0.0589 0.0665 0.0493 4.93
2.3 0.0539 0.0608 0.0451 4.51
2.4 0.0495 0.0559 0.0414 4.14
2.5 0.0456 0.0515 0.0382 3.82
2.6 0.0422 0.0476 0.0353 3.53
2.7 0.0391 0.0441 0.0327 3.27
2.8 0.0364 0.0411 0.0304 3.04
2.9 0.0339 0.0383 0.0284 2.84
3.0 0.0317 0.0358 0.0265 2.65
3.1 0.0297 0.0335 0.0248 2.48
3.2 0.0279 0.0314 0.0233 2.33
3.3 0.0262 0.0296 0.0219 2.19
3.4 0.0247 0.0278 0.0206 2.06
3.5 0.0233 0.0263 0.0195 1.95
3.6 0.0220 0.0248 0.0184 1.84
3.7 0.0208 0.0235 0.0174 1.74
3.8 0.0198 0.0223 0.0165 1.65
3.9 0.0188 0.0212 0.0157 1.57
4.0 0.0178 0.0201 0.0149 1.49
4.1 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.2 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.3 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.4 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.5 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.6 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.7 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.8 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
4.9 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.0 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.1 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.2 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.3 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.4 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.5 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.6 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.7 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.8 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
5.9 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
6.0 0.0072 0.0082 0.0060 0.60
6.1 0.0070 0.0079 0.0059 0.59
6.2 0.0069 0.0078 0.0058 0.58
6.3 0.0068 0.0076 0.0057 0.57
6.4 0.0067 0.0075 0.0056 0.56
6.5 0.0065 0.0073 0.0055 0.55
6.6 0.0064 0.0072 0.0054 0.54
6.7 0.0063 0.0071 0.0053 0.53
6.8 0.0062 0.0069 0.0053 0.53
6.9 0.0061 0.0068 0.0052 0.52
7.0 0.0059 0.0066 0.0051 0.51
7.1 0.0058 0.0065 0.0050 0.50
7.2 0.0057 0.0063 0.0049 0.49
7.3 0.0056 0.0062 0.0048 0.48
7.4 0.0055 0.0061 0.0047 0.47
7.5 0.0054 0.0059 0.0046 0.46
7.6 0.0052 0.0058 0.0045 0.45
7.7 0.0051 0.0056 0.0044 0.44
7.8 0.0050 0.0055 0.0044 0.44
7.9 0.0049 0.0054 0.0043 0.43
8.0 0.0048 0.0052 0.0042 0.42
 8.1 0.0046 0.0051 0.0041 0.41
8.2 0.0045 0.0049 0.0040 0.40
8.3 0.0044 0.0048 0.0039 0.39
8.4 0.0043 0.0047 0.0038 0.38
8.5 0.0042 0.0045 0.0037 0.37
8.6 0.0040 0.0044 0.0036 0.36
8.7 0.0039 0.0042 0.0036 0.36
8.8 0.0038 0.0041 0.0035 0.35
8.9 0.0037 0.0039 0.0034 0.34
9.0 0.0036 0.0038 0.0033 0.33
9.1 0.0035 0.0037 0.0032 0.32
9.2 0.0033 0.0035 0.0031 0.31
9.3 0.0032 0.0034 0.0030 0.30
9.4 0.0031 0.0032 0.0029 0.29
9.5 0.0030 0.0031 0.0028 0.28
9.6 0.0029 0.0030 0.0027 0.27
9.7 0.0027 0.0028 0.0027 0.27
9.8 0.0026 0.0027 0.0026 0.26
9.9 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.25
10.0 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.24