Titulo

1. Growth in the end-groups: Reactivity of terminal groups in polymers to the synthesis of block copolymers.

2*Adsorption of non-ionic ABC triblock copolymers: Surface modification of TiO2 suspensions in aqueous and non-aqueous medium

Abstract

Three different cases of reactions using end-groups in polymers were analyzed for the synthesis of block copolymers, such as: a) azide (RN3) and
alkine (RCCH) end groups to obtain a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry), b) α,ω-hydroxy telechelic polymers (HOROH) and diisocyanates
(OCNRNCO) to synthesize polyurethanes by polycondesation and c) alkyl halides (RCl or RBr) to prepare block copolymers derived of polystyrene by
atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).

2*A series of non-ionic ABC triblock copolymers, such as poly(butadiene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyrridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PB-P2VP-PEO) were
synthesized by sequential anionic polymerizations. For these copolymers comprising an organo-soluble PB and a water-soluble PEO block, their P2VP
middle block has been selected for its anchoring capacity on solid surfaces. The adsorption isotherms on TiO2 were obtained in heptane and in aqueous
medium, as selective solvents. In both of these cases, the P2VP middle block provides the surface anchoring, whereas PB and PEO sequences are
acting as stabilizing moieties in heptane and water respectively. By extension to ABC triblock copolymers of the scaling theory developed for diblock
copolymers, the density of adsorbed chains could be correlated with the molecular characteristics of the PB-P2VP-PEO triblock copolymers. From a
practical point a view, it could be demonstrated that these copolymers are efficient dispersing agents for the TiO2 pigments in both aqueous and non-
aqueous medium.

Link

1*http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0187893X15000919

2* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217313740

3- Evaluating the performance of tailor-made water-soluble copolymers for enhanced oil recovery polymer flooding applications

This work evaluated the performance of designed AAm/AAc copolymers with tailor-made properties in polymer flooding
applications for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Displacement tests using unconsolidated sand-packs with simulated real reservoir
conditions were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed copolymers during the displacement of heavy oil having a
viscosity of 1192 cP. Experimental results demonstrated the superior mobility control functionality of the AAm/AAc copolymers
compared to a commercially available EOR polyacrylamide copolymer. Likewise, higher incremental heavy oil recovery was obtained
under the same experimental conditions by the AAm/AAc copolymers. This work identified the best performing copolymers and,
more significantly, emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach in designing appropriate copolymers for EOR polymer
flooding applications.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236117305483
4-Studying the mechanism of the organic electrochromic effects in donor-acceptor block copolymers

To demonstrate the effects of donor and acceptor units on the structure-property of electrochromism, we design and synthesize
new block copolymers in this work. It is found that these units play key roles on the redox behavior, band gap, neutral state color
and the electrochromic performance. Through changing the ratio between donor and acceptor units of copolymer, electrochromic
performance and the response time of electrochromism are changed. More important, the mechanism and insightful understanding
on electrochromic effects in block copolymers based devices are studied, and more information is provided for further
electrochromic block copolymers design and devices fabrication.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119917301520

5-

Vinylidenedithiophenmethyleneoxindole-based donor-acceptor copolymers with 1D and 2D conjugated backbones: Synthesis,

characterization, and their photovoltaic properties

Herein, π-extended vinylidenedithiophenmethyleneoxindole (VTI) unit has been incorporated to polymeric conjugated backbones
affording two donor-acceptor copolymers such as one-dimensional (1D) copolymer P1 and two-dimensional (2D) copolymer P2. The
VTI unit owns S⋯Odouble bond; length as m-dashC intramolecular noncovalent interactions, which is favorable for acquiring planar
conjugated backbone, thus leading to enhanced semiconducting properties. Both VTI-based copolymers exhibit broad absorption
profiles in the visible region. The highest occupied molecular orbital/the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of P1 and
P2 are located at −5.21/–3.50 eV, and −5.33/–3.67 eV, respectively. Bulk heterojunction solar cell-based P2 and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-
butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend afforded an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 4.75%. These results
show that the 2D VTI-based copolymers have greater application prospect than 1D ones, and highlight the great potential of VTI unit
as a building blocks for constructing high performance polymer semiconductors for PSCs.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720817306447

6-

Antimicrobial surfaces obtained from blends of block copolymers synthesized by simultaneous ATRP and click chemistry reactions

A series of amphiphilic block copolymers based on styrene (S) and a monomer bearing both thiazole and triazole groups (MTA) were
synthesized by combination of ATRP and click chemistry. In particular, two approaches were followed; the direct ATRP from a PS
macroinitiator of the pre-synthesized MTA antimicrobial monomer; and the simultaneous synthesis and polymerization of the MTA
through a one-step ‘click chemistry’/ATRP process. Both strategies conduct to well-defined block copolymers with controlled
molecular weight and low polydispersity. Subsequent quaternization of the thiazole and triazole groups of MTA units with butyl
iodine renders systems with antimicrobial properties. Although these systems presented relatively low antimicrobial activity against
bacteria and fungi in aqueous media, the preparation of surfaces functionalized with these copolymers leads to potent antimicrobial
surfaces, especially against gram-positive bacteria.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014305717306328

7-
Aluminum surface modification with fluoroalkyl methacrylate-based copolymers to attain superhydrophobic properties

We propose a novel approach to create a superhydrophobic coating on an aluminum surface by attaching random copolymers that
are based on glycidyl methacrylate and a number of fluoroalkyl methacrylates that contain 3–7 fluorine atoms in their monomer
units. To texture the aluminum surface, short-term etching with hydrochloric acid solutions was used. The coatings that are based
on glycidyl methacrylate and fluoroalkyl methacrylate copolymers maintain superhydrophobic properties for longer than 40 h under
saturated vapor conditions.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217312576

8-Online model-based control of an emulsion terpolymerisation process

A multivariable constrained model predictive control was formulated and implemented to control online an emulsion
terpolymerisation process. A generic multilayer control architecture for real-time implementation of optimal control policies for
particulate processes was also developed. The methodology was implemented within a multi-tiered software environment for real-
time implementation of model-based control strategies. A full mechanistic dynamic model for emulsion terpolymerisation,
developed in our previous work, is used as a real-time soft-sensor and incorporated within the MPC strategy. The simultaneous
control of key polymer properties such as the particle size distribution (PSD), average molecular weight (Mn) and terpolymer
composition were investigated using case studies involving manipulation of flow rates of monomers (styrene, MMA, MA), surfactant
and initiator, and the reactor temperature. Although some offsets were observed with a degree of model mismatch, the
experimental results agreed well with predictions.

9-Removal of cadmium ions from wastewater by dithiocarbamate functionalized pyrrole based terpolymers

This study reports the synthesis of a new series of polydithiocarbamates via polycondensation of pyrrole, alkyldiamines and
13
paraformaldehyde followed by functionalization with carbon disulfide. The polymers where characterized by elemental analyzer, C
NMR, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The polymers
were tested for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions and spiked wastewater samples. The adsorption experiments
revealed the superior efficiency of the synthesized polymers in the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions (Qm = 14.18 mg/L).
Experimental results showed that the data fits Ho second-order kinetic model with R2 > 0.99, which assumes chemical adsorption. The

data showed fitness to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models with R2 ∼ 0.999. PYEDCS2 cross-linked polymer showed superiority

among the synthesized polymers and showed high efficiency with a removal of ∼99.7% of Cd2+ ions and proven to be a potential
adsorbent for treatment of wastewater.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138358661631886X

10-Regular terpolymers with benzothiadiazole side groups for improving the performances of polymer solar cells

Three new random or regular terpolymers (ra-P1, re-P2, and re-P3) based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and 5,6-difluorobenzo-
[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (ffBT) as electron-deficient unit (A), alkylthienyl-substituted benzodithiophene (BDTT) as electron-rich units (D) have
been designed and synthesized for donor materials in polymer solar cells. The differences on photophysical, electrochemical, and
photovoltaic properties of these terpolymers have been investigated. Compared with random terpolymer ra-P1, regular terpolymer re-P2
has stronger absorption band range from 300 to 800 nm, higher hole mobility and more appropriate surface morphology. With
increasing the quantity of DTffBT, regular terpolymer re-P3 showed more stronger absorption band in 300–600 nm compared to re-P2.
The polymer solar cells have been fabricated by using these terpolymers as donor materials and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl

ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor material. Among them, the device based on re-P3 demonstrated preferable power conversion efficiency

of 4.08% with a short-circuit current of 8.23 mA cm− 2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V and a fill factor of 65.0%.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720817304734

11-Emulsion-based pressure sensitive adhesives from conjugated linoleic acid/styrene/butyl acrylate terpolymers

Free radical emulsion terpolymerizations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), styrene (Sty), and butyl acrylate (BA) were performed at 80 °C.
Terpolymers were characterized for composition, conversion, molecular weight and glass transition temperature, latexes were
characterized for viscosity and particle size while adhesives were characterized for tack, peel strength, shear strength, storage modulus,
loss modulus and tan delta. One impurity commonly found in CLA, oleic acid, was shown to influence the reaction kinetics significantly.
Adhesive performance was tuned using divinylbenzene (DVB) crosslinker to keep the terpolymer molecular weight in a desired range. By
using a constrained mixture design, the influence of terpolymer composition, chain transfer agent (CTA) concentration, DVB
concentration, molecular weights, viscosity and particle size on tack, peel strength and shear strength was investigated. The final forms of
the resulting empirical models allowed the creation of 3D response surfaces for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) performance
optimization.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749616300938

11-Generation of nanocellular foams from ABS terpolymers

ABS nano-cellular foams have been produced using a gaseous CO2 foaming process. ABS materials have been investigated in this study
because of their specific morphologies, which can increase the nuclei density by creating heterogeneous nucleation near the interfaces
between acrylonitrile–styrene and butadiene phases during the foaming process. This study focuses on the foaming of different ABS

materials with a batch process using gaseous CO2 and presents the influence of the initial microstructures of ABS materials on their final
foam structures. In specific cases, depending on initial ABS microstructures and also on foaming conditions, nano-cellular materials have
been produced with foam double structures and effective porosity with 100 nm diameter open cells.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014305714003826

12-Butene concentration prediction in ethylene/propylene/1-butene terpolymers by FT-IR spectroscopy through

multivariate statistical analysis and artificial neural networks

This paper reports the development of calibration models for quality control in the production of ethylene/propylene/1-butene
terpolymers by the use of multivariate tools and FT-IR spectroscopy.

1-Butene concentration prediction is achieved in terpolymers by coupling FT-IR spectroscopy to multivariate regression tools. A dataset
of 26 terpolymers (14 coming from a constrained experimental design for mixtures, plus 12 terpolymers used for external validation) was
analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy. An internal method of “Polimeri Europa” plant, based on 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the
percentage of 1-butene in the samples. Then, different multivariate tools are used for 1-butene concentration prediction based on the FT-
IR spectra recorded. Different multivariate calibration methods were explored: principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares
(PLS), stepwise OLS regression (SWR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The model obtained by back-propagation neural networks
turned out to be the best one. The performances of the BP-ANN model were further improved by variable selection procedures based
on the calculation of the first derivative of the network.

The proposed approach allows the monitoring in real time of the polymer synthesis and the estimation of the characteristics of the
product attainable from the concentration of 1-butene.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003991400800619X

13-Co and terpolymer reactivity ratios of chemically amplified resists

Resists are important multicomponent system require in microelectronic industry for fabrication of integrated circuit (IC) devices. The
current high end IC (integrated circuit) technology node in manufacturing is 20 nm and looking toward 16 and 10 nm nodes to fulfil
market demand. A series of chemically amplified resists (CARs) based on co and terpolymers of 4-hydroxystyrene (HOST), 2-ethyl-2-
adamantyl methacrylate (EAMA) and/or a monomer-bound anionic photoacid generator (PAG) were prepared and characterized.
Specifically, Triphenylsulfonium salt 4-(methacryloxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenesulfonate (F4 PAG) was incorporated into the main chain
to get PAG bound polymer microstructure.

The aim of the study was to investigate interplay of individual monomers in co and terpolymer systems. This was achieved by
understanding the reactivity ratios and monomer sequence distribution in the polymer. Analysis was conducted by using a software
PROCOP version2.3. The co/terpolymer compositions were determined by quantitative 1H NMR spectra. The copolymer reactivity ratio of
each monomer was determined with Fineman–Ross, Kelen–Tüdös, and nonlinear least-squares curve- fitting methods. It was observed
that EAMA is not polymerizable under given reaction conditions and copolymerization of EAMA-PAG was also not possible. HOST-EAMA
system yielded reactivity ratios near zero indicating that they form quasi alternating structures. HOST-PAG system yielded copolymers
rich in PAG. On the basis of the reactivity ratios determined from the binary copolymers, Alfrey–Goldfinger equations were used to
estimate the compositions of the terpolymers. In terpolymer system, where two monomers were non homopolymerizable, both PAG and
EAMA competed to add up to the HOST radical. All six reactivity values were less then unity indicating preferred cross propagation of
radicals. PAG was the most reactive monomer. Monomer sequence distribution of copolymer and terpolymer was established to get an
idea of detailed microstructure of the chain. Copolymers confirmed 84% of dyads formation of each monomer while terpolymer analysis
revealed dominance of HOST centered triads. In addition to this, kinetics of terpolymerization reaction was performed to validate the
theory. Findings from the study can be used to tailor make CAR synthesis for optimum EUV (extreme ultraviolet) lithography
performance.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032386117304688

14-Degradation and calcification in vitro of new bioresorbable terpolymers of lactides with an improved degradation
pattern

Experimental implants produced from poly(L-lactide/ɛ-caprolactone/glycolide) 80/10/10% (polymer 1), poly(L-lactide/DL-lactide/glycolide)

80/10/10% (polymer 2) and poly(L-lactide/DL-lactide/glycolide) 80/5/15% (polymer 3) were subjected to in vitro degradation in a buffer
solution at 37 °C and pH = 7.4 and calcification in vitro was performed at 37 °C in a simulated body fluid for 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 28, 32 and 36
weeks. In vitro degradation was performed in static and pseudodynamic modes. Samples from poly(L-lactide) were used as a control. The
changes in the materials during the course of degradation were assessed from the measurements of molecular weight, mechanical
properties and crystallinity. The changes in the appearance of the materials upon degradation and calcification were observed using a
scanning electron microscope with an EDAX attachment. The decrease of molecular weight at 4 weeks was 66% for polymer 1, 56% for
polymer 2 and 20% for polymer 3. Samples retained 55% of their bending strength at 4 weeks (polymer 1), 50% at 12 weeks (polymer 2)
and 99% at 12 weeks (polymer 3). The bending modulus of polymer 3 remained practically unchanged during the first 12 weeks of
degradation. Subsequently it increased by 44% at week 16 and remained unchanged up to 24 weeks and next decreased to 33% of the
initial value at the end of the experiment at week 32. The bending modulus of polymer 2 decreased 35% at week 8 and subsequently
increased to 44% of the initial value at week 16 and remained at this level until week 20. Next the modulus decreased to 84% of the initial
value at week 24. The bending modulus of polymer 1 progressively decreased over the first 12 weeks of degradation to 40% of the initial
value. The maximum crystallinity attained by the samples at the end of the experiments was 60% for polymer 1 and 38% for
polymers 2 and 3. In the static mode the pH remained constant up to week 8 for polymer 1, week 20 for polymer 2 and week 28 for
polymer 3. It decreased to 3.8 at weeks 12, 20 and 36 for polymers 1, 2 and 3, respectively. All the samples underwent calcification from
week 16 of the experiments with the Ca/P ratio ranging from 0.92 to 1.20.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391006003041

15-

Improved treatment of acrylamide co- and terpolymers for water control in gas-producing and storage wells

The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for application of acrylamide co- and terpolymers for water
control in gas wells under various environmental conditions. Starting in February 1992, the limits of application of acrylamide co- and
terpolymers were first defined in the laboratory through extensive tests. Based on the results of the comparative feasibility study, four
field tests were performed in both gas reservoir and underground gas storage wells. This paper presents the latest results of field tests.
Using a partially sulfonated acrylamide terpolymer, the first field test was performed in January 1993 on an abandoned gas-producing

well with a BHT of about 130°C, an average matrix permeability of 0.01 μm2 and a produced brine salinity of more than 300 g/l TDS. The

second test was performed in a well from a gas storage field with a temperature of about 87°C, an average permeability of 0.06 μm2 and
a produced brine salinity of more than 270 g/l. Based on the information provided from the first field test and the feasibility study
performed for this well, a lower molecular weight partially sulfonated acrylamide terpolymer was finally used for this test. Using a cationic
acrylamide copolymer, the third field test was performed in a low-temperature, high-brine-salinity gas storage well with BHT of 30°C and
brine salinity of 218 g/l. Based on the excellent results of the third field test, the same polymer was selected for the last water shut-off

treatment in a low-temperature gas storage well with a matrix permeability ranging from 0.04 to 3.6 μm2. Since the treatment, the gas
well and the gas storage wells have exhibited improved production performances.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410500000279

16-Exploiting metagenomic diversity for novel polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases: Production of a terpolymer poly(3-
hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate) with a recombinant Pseudomonas putida strain

A metagenomic library of 2.1 × 106 clones was constructed using oil-contaminated soil from Gujarat (India). One of the fosmid clones,
40N22, encodes a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase showing 76% identity with an Alcaligenes sp. synthase. The corresponding gene was
expressed in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 ΔphaC1 which is impaired in PHA production. The gene conferred the recombinant strain
PpKT-40N22 with the ability to produce copolymers with up to 21% in medium-chain-length content. Thus, 37% and 45% of poly(3-
hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), respectively were
obtained when using sodium heptanoate and oleic acid as carbon sources. These 3-hydroxybutyrate-(3HB)-based polymers are of
interest since they incorporate the properties of medium chain length polymers and thus increase the range of applications of PHAs.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852411013861

17-Synthesis of terpolymers by spontaneous copolymerization of the cyclobutane adducts of electron-acceptor olefins and
vinyl ether with 2-oxazolines

Spontaneous copolymerizations of the cyclobutane adducts of strong donor olefins and strong acceptor olefins, 1,1,2,2-tetracyano-3-
ethoxycyclobutane (1a) and dimethyl 2,2-dicyano-3-ethoxycyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (1b), with 2-oxazolines (2) are described. In the
reaction of 1b with 2-methyloxazoline (2b), the alternating copolymer of 1b and 2b, the 1:1:1 periodic terpolymer of dimethyl 1,1-
dicyanoethylene-2,2-dicarboxylate, vinyl ether, and 2b, was obtained. Cyclobutane 1a also reacted with 2b to yield copolymer rich in 1a

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040402097009812

17-An eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, morphology and ion exchange properties of terpolymer resin derived from
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde

A novel chelating terpolymer resin has been synthesized through the terpolymerization of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and biuret with
formaldehyde (p-HBBF) in 1:1:2 mol ratio using hydrochloric acid as a reaction medium by condensation technique. The synthesized

terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. On basis of the spectral studies, the

structure of the terpolymer resin was proposed. The physico-chemical parameters have been evaluated for the terpolymer resin. Non-
aqueous conductometric titration was used to determine the average molecular weight and polydispersity of the p-HBBF terpolymer
resin and the intrinsic viscosity was also determined. The semicrystalline nature of the synthesized terpolymer was established by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Terpolymer (p-HBBF) synthesized is proved to be selective chelating ion exchange terpolymer resin

for certain metals. Chelating ion exchange properties of this polymer was studied for Fe3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions. A batch

equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of the distribution of a given metal ions between the polymer sample
and a solution containing the metal ion. The morphology of the terpolymers was studied by scanning electron microscopy, showing
amorphous nature of the resins therefore can be used as a selective ion-exchanger for certain metal ions.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535211001961

18-The investigation and comparison effects of SBS and SBS with new reactive terpolymer on the rheological properties
of bitumen

The effects of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and SBS with new reactive terpolymer (Entira®Bond 8) modifications on the rheological
properties of pure bitumen were investigated and compared to each other. Four polymer modified bitumens (PMBs) were produced by
mixing bitumen with SBS at two polymer contents and with SBS + Entira®Bond 8 at the same polymer contents.

The rheologic characteristics of the PMBs were analyzed by means of conventional test methods like penetration, softening point and
Fraas breaking point as well as rotational viscometer (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) test
methods.

Conventional binder properties of different PMB groups demonstrated that the polymers increase stiffness (hardness) and improve
susceptibility of pure bitumen to temperature changes. Both polymers groups improve properties of bitumen, such as increased elastic
responses (increased complex shear modulus and decreased phase angle) at low to high temperatures and reduced creep stiffness at low
temperatures.
Based on the results of this investigation it can be noted that SBS + Entira®Bond 8 modifications improved the conventional and more
fundamental properties of bitumen better than just SBS modifications.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061812005600

19-Synthesis of vegetable-oil based polymer by terpolymerization of epoxidized soybean oil, propylene oxide and carbon
dioxide

Although carbon dioxide (CO2) is well known as one of the major green-house gases, it is also an economical C1 resource. Thus, CO2 has
been regarded as an appealing starting material for the synthesis of polymers, like polycarbonates by the reaction with epoxides. Herein

the reaction between natural epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 under high pressure (4.0 MPa) with the
presence of Co-Zn double metal cyanide (Co-Zn DMC) catalyst was studied. Temperature and reaction time were varied accordingly and

the products obtained were characterized by FTIR, GPC and 1H NMR. The results obtained indicate the formation of polycarbonates in

the samples collected with yields vary from 60 to 85%. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the resultant polymer prepared at
reaction temperature of 80 °C and reaction time of 6 h can reach up to 6498 g/mol.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971731029X

20-

Hydrophobic surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles for production of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate terpolymer/TiO2

composited cool materials

Hydrophobic surface modification of TiO2 was conducted for production of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) terpolymer/titanium

dioxide (TiO2) composited cool materials. Different amount of 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPS) was employed to change

hydrophilic surface of TiO2into hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic organosilane chains were successfully grafted onto TiO2 through Si
O Ti bonds, which were verified by Fourier transformed infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The water contact

angle of the sample added with TiO2modified by 5 wt% MPS increased from 86° to 113°. Besides, all the ASA/TiO2 composites showed
significant improvement in both solar reflectance and cooling property. The reflectance of the composites throughout the near infrared
(NIR) region and the whole solar wavelength is increased by 113.92% and 43.35% compared with pristine ASA resin. Simultaneously,
significant drop in temperature demonstrates excellent cooling property. A maximum decrease approach to 27 °C was observed in
indoor temperature test, while a decrease around 9 °C tested outdoors is achieved.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217312783