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PENGALAMAN...?
The thing which I hear, I may forget.
The thing which I see, I may remember.
The thing which I do, I can not forget.
~ Confucius
The Psychology of Using Teaching Aids
We learn: We Remember:
1.0% through TASTE 20% of what we HEAR
1.5% through TOUCH 30% of what we SEE
3.5% through SMELL 50% of what we SEE & HEAR
11.0% through HEARING 80% of what we SAY
83.0% through SIGHT 90% of what we SAY & DO
Objectives of Using Teaching Aids
• To make teaching effective
• To make learning interesting and beneficial
• To quicken the pace of learning
• To foster the development of knowledge
• To economize educator's efforts
• To overcome possible hurdles during the act of
teaching
• To add variety & newness to the lesson
• To simplify the complex phenomena
• To make teaching interactive
• To develop inquisitiveness among the learner to learn
further
Characteristics of Teaching Aids
• Visible and according to local needs
• Up-to-date
• Portable and easy
• Improvised
• Motivating
• Simple, cheap and easily available
• Meaningful and puposeful
• Accurate, truthful and real
Audio-Visual Aids:
Introduction
• Audio refers to sound waves that can normally be
heard by the human ear
• Visual implies relating to the sense of seeing.
• Aids implies those instructional devices or teaching
aids which make teaching more effective.
• Audio visual aids are those instructional devices that
may be used by a teacher or a communicator in order
to facilitate better understanding on the part of
learners by involving their many senses, particularly
those relating to seeing and hearing
Definitions of Audio-Visual Aids
Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images
which initiate or stimulate & reinforce learning (Burton).
Visual aids are any instructional device that can be seen, but not heard.
Audio aids are any instructional device that can be heard but not seen.
According to Dale(1965):
All materials used in the class room or other teaching
situation to facilitate the understanding of the written or
spoken words are Audio visual aids
According to Kinder (1959):
Audio visual aids may be any device which can be used
to make learning experience more concrete, more
realistic and more dynamic.
Classification of Audio-Visual Aids (1)
According to Evolution
• First generation media: hand made charts, graphs, exhibits,
models, hand writing materials.
• Second generation media: printed/ illustrated texts, printed graphs,
workbooks etc.
• Third generation media: photographs, slides, films-strips, films,
recordings, radio , tele-lectures etc.
• Fourth generation media: TV, programmed instruction, language
laboratories, electronic digital computers.
Direct-Experience Aids
Purposes of Audio-Visual Aids
• Antidote to the disease of verbal instructions
• Best motivation
• Clear images
• Vicarious experience
• Variety of stimulation
• Opportunities to handle and manipulate
• Retention
• Capture attention
• Realism
• Meeting individual differences
• Reinforcement to learner
• Positive transfer of learning
Preparation of Audio-Visual Aids
The following factors should be taken into consideration
before preparation of audio-visual aids:
● Nature of audience and their level of understanding
● Facilities available
● Teaching objectives
● Cost of aid
● Teachers competency
● Complexity of subject matter
● Size of the audience
● Convincing
● Familiarity of audience with the subject taught
The following “ABC” principles are to be considered in
preparation:
● A – Attractiveness
● B – Brevity
● C – Clarity
Developing Audio-Visual Aids
Tips for Developing Audio-Visual Aids
● More visualization
● Legible aids
● Letter should be written large enough
● Each visual should count
● Provide variety
● Familiar with the use of aids
● Testing should be done in advance.
Preparation of visual aids:
● Caption
● Lettering
● Illustration
● Color
● Balance
● Contrast
Principles in the Use of Audio Visual Aids
1. Principle of Preparation
2. Principle of Selection
3. Principle of Handling
4. Principle of Presentation
5. Principle of Response
Principle of Preparation