Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1 Scope............................................................. 2
2 Normative References.................................... 2
3 Terms and Definitions.................................... 5
4 General........................................................... 6
5 Proposals....................................................... 7
6 Drawings and Other Required Data............... 8
7 Design............................................................ 8
8 Materials....................................................... 18
9 Fabrication.................................................... 20
10 Inspection and Testing................................. 24
11 Preparation for Shipment............................. 31
12 Supplemental Requirements........................ 34
13 Drawings, Calculations and Data................. 34
The following paragraph numbers refer to API STD 660, Seventh Edition, February 2003,
which is part of this specification. The text in each paragraph below is an addition,
exception, modification, or deletion to API STD 660 as noted. Paragraph numbers not
appearing in API STD 660 are new paragraphs to be inserted in numerical order.
1 Scope
1.1 This specification covers the minimum mandatory requirements for the
manufacture of shell and tube heat exchangers and new components
(herein referred to as exchangers). It does not cover exchangers that
undergo repairs or alterations.
1.3.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Industry codes and
standards, and Forms shall be resolved in writing by the Company or
Buyer Representative through the Standards Committee Chairman,
Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
1.3.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the
Company or Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company
procedure SAEP-302 and forward such requests to the Manager,
Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
2 Normative References
Materials or equipment supplied to this specification shall comply with the latest edition
of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.
Page 2 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Page 3 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Page 4 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Cyclic Service: Services that require fatigue analysis per AD-160 of ASME SEC VIII
D2. This applies to Division 1 and Division 2 of ASME SEC VIII.
Design Engineer: The Engineering Company responsible for specifying on the data
sheet the hydraulic, thermal and mechanical design requirements for exchanger.
High - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content more than 5%.
Hot Forming: Forming operations carried out at an elevated temperature such that re-
crystallization occurs simultaneously with deformation.
Hydrogen Service: Process streams containing relatively pure hydrogen and component
streams containing hydrogen with a partial pressure of 350 kpa abs (50 psia) and higher.
Page 5 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Nominal Thickness: Thickness required for withstanding all primary loads, including
allowance for corrosion.
Saudi Aramco Inspector: The person or company authorized by the Saudi Aramco
Inspection Department to inspect heat exchangers to the requirements of this specification.
Exchanger Manufacturer: The company responsible for the manufacture of new heat
exchangers in accordance with this specification.
Sour Service: Process streams containing hydrogen sulfide for the following conditions:
1) Sour water with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration above 2 mg/L (2 ppmw)
and a total pressure of 400 kPa absolute (65 psia) or greater.
2) Hydrocarbon services meeting the definition of sour environments in
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 as shown below:
a) Dissolved H2S in free water (liquid) with a concentration of >50 mg/L
(50 ppmw) or,
b) H2S in gas with a gas phase with 0.05 psia or greater partial pressure.
Commentary Note:
HIC resistant steel is not required in caustic services, lean amine systems and rich amine
DGA systems.
4 General
4.1 (Exception) Pressure design code shall be ASME Boiler and pressure
vessel code, Section VIII.
4.6 Should the Exchanger Manufacturer have any part of a stress analysis
Page 6 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
5 Proposals
5.1.2 The Design Engineer is responsible for specifying the requirements for
Cyclic Services stress analysis.
5.2.8 The Exchanger Manufacturer may offer an alternative design, and may
also quote on the base inquiry documents.
The following shall be guaranteed for the length of the warranty period
specified in the purchase order or contract documents:
1) Exchangers shall meet thermal/hydraulic performance
requirements under continuous operation at design conditions
Page 7 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
6.1.2 Drawings and calculations that are approved by the Design Engineer
shall not relieve the Exchanger Manufacturer of the responsibility to
comply with the Codes and this specification.
7 Design
7.1.4 The value of the minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) shall be
as specified on the data sheet.
7.1.5 The MDMT shall be used to determine the requirements for impact
testing in accordance with the code of this specification.
Page 8 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
shall be fixed at one saddle support and free to slide at the other saddle.
7.3.6 The shell at saddle supports shall be analyzed in accordance with the
“L.P. Zick” method. Saddle supports and the exchanger shell shall be
analyzed for operating and hydrotest loads including any piping, wind or
other external loads.
7.3.7 The allowable concrete bearing stress to be used for the design of base
plates shall be 10340 kPa (1400 psi).
7.3.8 The outline drawing for horizontal exchangers shall specify locations of
the fixed and sliding saddles and dimension from exchanger centerline to
underside of saddle base plate.
7.3.9.1 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall determine the size and number of
anchor bolts required. Anchor bolts shall be in compliance with
Standard Drawing AA-036322 Sht. 001 (Rev. 07 or later).
7.3.9.2 Anchor bolts shall not be less than 20 mm minimum nominal diameter.
7.3.9.3 The design of anchor bolts shall be in accordance with the requirements
of Appendix D of ACI 318.
7.3.9.4 Anchor bolts that are exposed to the weather in coastal areas, subjected
to frequent wash downs, or subjected to firewater deluge testing shall
have their diameters increased by 3 mm as a corrosion allowance.
7.3.9.5 Saddles for horizontal exchangers shall be provided with an even number
of anchor bolts with a minimum of two anchor bolts per saddle.
7.5.2 (Exception) Floating head covers shall be attached to the backing device
or to the floating tubesheet with through bolting.
7.6.1 Tubes
7.6.1.5 Wall thickness of integral low-fin tubes, if used, shall be measured from
the inside diameter of the tube to the root of the fins. The specified wall
thickness shall be nominal, except that the actual wall thickness shall not
be less than 90% of that specified.
7.6.1.6 For expanded joints, the tubes shall extend 3 mm beyond the face of
Page 9 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.6.1.7 For exchangers with tube-side design pressures 13.8 MPa (2000 psi) and
above, all tubes shall be hydrostatically tested at the mill at the tube-side
design pressure and the variation from the tube outside diameter shall not
exceed the values specified in Table 5 of ASME SA-450.
7.6.1.8 For steam condensing services, when steam is in the ‘U’ tubes and the
process is controlled by flow control of condensate, the design engineer
shall consider wither the ‘U’ bends shall be in the horizontal or vertical
plane.
7.6.1.9 In exchangers with tube side as the high-pressure side, design pressure of
the shell side should be at least two-thirds of the tube side design pressure
if the shell side is not protected with a relief system. Other options require
the approval of Saudi Aramco Engineer.
Commentary Note:
7.6.2 Tubesheets
7.6.2.5 All stationary tubesheets with through bolting design shall have non-
threaded bolt holes.
7.6.2.6 Vertical exchangers with fixed tubesheets shall be provided with flanged
vents and drains through the tubesheets.
7.6.3.3 Support plates for floating heads shall be located as close to the tubesheet
as the design and type of exchanger will permit. Support plate shall be cut
at either top or bottom or in the center to minimize ineffective heat transfer
surface at the floating head end.
Commentary Note:
7.6.3.4 ‘U’ tube bundles shall have a support plate close to the tangent line of
tubes. The support plates shall be cut to allow some flow over ‘U’
bends, provided that all tubes are supported.
Page 10 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Commentary Note:
Typically, support plates are 50 mm (2 inches) away from the tangent line.
7.6.4.8 The use of distribution belts shall be considered when shell-side nozzles
are large resulting in long inlet and/or outlet unsupported tube lengths.
Commentary Note:
A properly designed belt should result in more effective use of the heat
transfer area and a more rigid bundle with better tube support.
7.6.5.4 (Exception) The location of the sealing devices shall not interfere with
the continuous tube lanes for square and rotated square layouts.
7.7.2 (Exception) When butt welded connections are specified on the data
sheet the ends shall be in accordance with ASME B16.25.
Page 11 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
4) Lap-type joints with loose end flange can be used for utility
services with pressure up to 1.4 MPa (200 psi) and a temperature of
120°C (250°F).
7.7.5 (Exception) slip-on type flanges can only be used for utility services up to
400°C (750°F) design temperature and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) design pressure,
with seamless pipe nozzle necks or rolled plate with 100% radiography.
7.7.11 The quantities, sizes, ratings (ASME pressure classes) and facings of
exchanger nozzles shall be as specified on the data sheet.
7.7.12 For exchanger drain connections and other connections, where a process
stream is likely to be stagnant, the projection shall be limited to 2.5 times
the connection nominal diameter for vertical connections and to 3.5 times
the connection nominal diameter for horizontal connections.
7.7.13 Flange bolt holes shall straddle the normal horizontal and vertical
centerlines of the exchanger.
7.7.16 The calculated MAWP of an exchanger in the hot and corroded condition
shall not be limited by the nozzle reinforcement or the flange rating.
7.7.17 All nozzles in thick wall exchangers shall be weld neck, long weld neck
or contour forged with inside corner radius of 13 mm minimum.
Page 12 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
greater
4) Openings which are 900 mm and larger with design temperature
400°C and greater
5) Exchangers with design metal temperatures greater than 425°C
6) Hydrogen service
7.7.19 All nozzles larger than NPS 4 necks shall be attached by welding
completely through the total thickness of the exchanger shell or channel,
including any reinforcement.
Page 13 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.11.6 Shell lifting lugs shall be designed such that the lifted parts hang
vertically when suspended from the lugs. Lugs on insulated exchangers
shall be of sufficient standout to clear insulation.
7.11.8 Clad fixed tubesheets shall be drilled and tapped and provided with base
plugs of the same material as the cladding. Base plugs shall be seal
welded and ground flush with the tubesheet surface and re-drilled and
tapped for pulling eyes.
(Exception) Where the tube and/or shell side will be exposed to hydrogen
at a partial pressure exceeding 350 kPa (50 psia), totally enclosed spaces
between welds shall be eliminated or vented with a 6 mm diameter hole.
7.14.1 The value(s) of design pressure(s) shall be in accordance with the data
sheet.
7.14.2 For exchangers subjected to steam out, the Design Engineer shall specify
on the data sheet the external design pressure and corresponding
temperature.
Page 14 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.16.1 A joint efficiency of 85% or higher shall be used for the design of all
pressure containing components of ASME SEC VIII D1 exchangers.
7.17 Loads
Page 15 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.19.1 ASME flanged and dished heads (torispherical) may be used for utility
services up to a design pressure of 690 kPa (100 psi).
7.19.2 One piece construction shall be used for heads of minimum thickness
greater than 50 mm and for heads in heat exchangers in cyclic, hydrogen
or lethal services. Other types of head construction shall require prior
approval of Saudi Aramco Engineer.
7.19.6 Reinforcing for conical transition sections in thick wall exchangers shall
be provided by increased plate thickness. The use of reinforcing rings is
prohibited.
Page 16 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.20.1 Baffles shall be designed for 1.5 times the shell-side allowable pressure
drop and with a maximum deflection in the corroded condition of 6 mm.
7.21.1 For insulation support attachment, refer to exchanger data sheet for the
extent and thickness of external insulation.
7.21.2 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall supply and install all clips and
attachments as specified by the Design Engineer.
7.21.3 All internal and external attachments, including clips, welded directly to
pressure parts are to be attached by continuous welding except for blank
nuts used for external insulation where tack welding is allowed.
7.21.5 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall supply and install supports required
for fireproofing materials.
7.23 General
7.23.1 Single tube pass TEMA rear end floating head type exchangers shall be
designed with a removable shell cover to provide easy access to the
expansion joint in the tube side nozzle.
7.23.2 Where more than one exchanger of identical design, pressure rating and
materials is required for the same service, the tube bundles shall be inter-
changeable.
7.23.3 Kettle type reboilers shall be provided with guide rails and a hold down
angle located above the floating end, in order to keep the bundle in place
during shipment.
Page 17 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
7.23.4 For tube bundles that can be rotated 180 degrees, additional
impingement plate, bundle runners etc. shall be provided.
7.23.5 Exchangers with sea water on the tube side shall be fitted with ferrules
(tube end protectors) at the inlet end of tubes at each tube pass. For tube
materials other than given in paragraph 8.4.4, the requirement for
ferrules shall be confirmed with the Saudi Aramco Engineer.
Commentary Note:
8 Materials
8.1 General
8.1.6 Suitability of low chrome alloy steels for use for exchangers in hydrogen
services above 205°C (400°F) shall be qualified through chemical
analysis, mechanical testing including but not limited to tensile,
hardness, microhardness, temper embrittlement tests and nondestructive
examinations (ultrasonic, wet fluorescent magnetic particle, etc.).
Materials specifications and tests procedures for base and weldments
materials shall be submitted to Saudi Aramco Engineer for review and
approval prior to ordering the materials from the mill.
8.1.7 All materials, except carbon steels, shall be alloy verified by the
Exchanger Manufacturer in accordance with SAES-A-206.
Page 18 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
8.1.10.1 For exchangers designated for wet sour HIC (hydrogen induced
cracking) services as defined in Section 3 of this specification with
normal operating temperatures between 0°C and 150°C, all plates for
shells and heads shall be made of HIC resistant steel. HIC resistant steel
shall be qualified in accordance with 01-SAMSS-016.
8.1.11 All the components (tubesheet, tube, shell, channel, baffle, nozzle, head,
cover and ring) shall be fabricated by Saudi Aramco approved exchanger
manufacturer.
8.2 Gaskets
8.2.3 (Exception) The materials of construction for spiral wound gaskets shall
be as follows:
1) For exchangers with design temperatures from -100°C to 0°C:
Type 304 or 316 stainless steel (SS) windings with solid Type 304
or 316 stainless steel outer centering rings.
2) For exchangers with design temperatures from 1°C to 425°C:
Type 304 or 316 SS windings with solid carbon steel outer
centering rings.
3) For exchangers with design temperatures above 425°C:
Type 321 or 347 SS windings with solid; Type 304 or 316 outer
centering rings.
4) For exchangers in vacuum service, inner ring shall be either
Type 304 or 316 SS.
Page 19 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
8.4.2 Baffle plates, sealing strips, tie-rods, sliding bars, tubes, spacers, and
support plates are exempt from impact testing requirements.
8.4.3 Impact testing requirements for materials not listed in Table 1, shall be
obtained from the Saudi Aramco Engineer.
8.4.4 The minimum acceptable Charpy impact energy values for steels listed
in Table 3 shall be per Table-2 unless larger values are specified on the
data sheet. Materials that are not listed in Table 3 shall be referred to
Saudi Aramco Engineer for classification.
8.4.5 For Div. 1 exchangers the impact testing exemptions of UG-20 (f),
UCS-66 (b)(1) and (3), UCS-68(c), UG-84 (b)(2) and by reference to
Table UG-84.4 are not permitted. For Div. 2 exchangers the exemptions
of AM-213.1 and AM-218.2 are not permitted.
9 Fabrication
9.1 Shells
9.1.6 The beveled edges of carbon steel plates with thickness 25 mm and thicker
and all ferrous alloy plates shall be magnetic particle examined for linear
discontinuities. Defects shall not exceed limits as per ASME SA-20.
9.1.8 External welded attachment pads shall have their corners rounded to a
minimum radius ¼ of the length or width of the pad whichever is less
with a maximum of 50 mm and shall be fully seal welded.
9.1.9 External attachment pads shall be vented through a ¼” NPT telltale hole.
Vent holes shall be plugged with grease, wooden plugs or other non-
pressure retaining material to prevent moisture from entering.
9.1.10 Attachment pad for supports, lifting lugs and other attachments shall be a
minimum of 10 mm (⅜”) thick or equal to the shell thickness, whichever
is less. Attachment loads must comply with paragraph 7.17.2 above and
pads shall not cover pressure-retaining welds.
Page 20 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
9.5 Welding
9.5.11 Welds attaching nozzles and their reinforcement pads and other
attachments to pressure components shall not be closer than 20 mm from
any pressure retaining welds. See also paragraph 10.2.1.4.
9.5.12 Where a split-reinforcing pad is required, the weld joining the pad
sections shall be oriented with the circumferential direction of the shell.
Welding the pad sections together shall be done without using a backing
strip.
9.6.2 (Exception)
1) The following tubes shall be stress relief heat treated after cold
forming and bending:
a) U bends, including 150 mm of straight portions measured
from the tangent line of all carbon steel tubes for exchangers
in caustic, wet sour and amine services.
b) Monel, brass and all chrome alloy tubes in all services.
Page 21 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
9.6.3 Code exemptions for PWHT of P4 and P5 materials are not permitted for
applications involving either wet sour service or hydrogen or materials
exceeding 1.5% nominal chromium content.
9.6.8 PWHT shall be done when required by the applicable Code or when
required by SAES-W-010.
9.6.9 The maximum PWHT soaking temperature for quenched and tempered
carbon and low alloy steels, including C-0.5 Mo, shall not exceed the
temperature at which the test pieces were heat treated as shown on the
Mill Test Certificates or 650°C maximum for carbon steel, 690°C
maximum for C-0.5 Mo and 700°C for low alloy steels.
9.6.10 Final PWHT shall follow all welding and repairs but shall be performed
prior to any hydrotest or other load test.
9.6.11 A sign shall be painted on a postweld heat treated exchanger and located
such that it is clearly visible from grade:
Page 22 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
9.9.4 Tubesheet tube hole diameters and tolerances shall be special close fit
when tube bundle vibration is suspected or when exchanger is in cyclic
service.
9.9.6 Tube expansion and tube-end welding (where specified) procedures shall
be submitted to the Saudi Aramco Inspector for review and approval
before start of fabrication.
9.9.7 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall submit a mock-up sample of the tube
to tubesheet weld when tubes are strength welded to the tubesheet.
This sample shall contain a minimum of four tubes and shall be prepared
using the same materials and fabrication procedures (including heat
treatment) as are to be used in actual production. Approval from the
Saudi Aramco Inspector is required prior to start of production. No need
to repeat the test if similar joint design was done in the past 6-months.
9.12.2 For any hot forming operation, the procedure shall be submitted to Saudi
Aramco Engineer for approval prior to commencement of any
fabrication requiring hot forming. The procedure shall describe all heat
treatment operations and tests to be performed. The tests shall include,
but not limited to, all of the mechanical tests required by the original
material specification.
Page 23 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
10.1.7 The responsibility for quality assurance rests with the Exchanger
Manufacturer in accordance with the applicable Code and the
requirements of this specification.
10.1.12 All pressure and non-pressure welds shall be visually inspected where
accessible. All segments of longitudinal, circumferential or built-up head
pressure weld seams covered or rendered inaccessible by internals, lifting
lugs or other attachments shall be fully radiographed the entire affected
length plus 10 inches either side prior to installation of the attachment.
10.1.13 Additional examination of any weld joint at any stage of the fabrication
may be requested by the Saudi Aramco Inspector, including
re-examination of previously examined joints. The Saudi Aramco
Inspector also has the right to request or conduct independent NDE of
any joint. If such examination should disclose gross non-conformance to
the requirements of the applicable Code or this specification, all repair
and NDE costs shall be done at the Exchanger Manufacturer’s expense.
10.1.14 All necessary safety precautions shall be taken for each examination
Page 24 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
method.
10.1.16 Examination of all welds shall include a band of base metal at least one
inch wide on each side of the weld.
10.1.17 The Saudi Aramco Inspector shall have free access to the work at all
times.
101.1.18 Saudi Aramco shall have the right to inspect the fabrication at any stage
and to reject material or workmanship which does not conform to the
specified requirements.
10.1.19 Saudi Aramco reserves the right to inspect, photograph, and/or videotape
all material, fabrication, coating, and workmanship and any materials,
equipment, or tools used or to be used for any part of the work to be
performed.
10.1.20 Saudi Aramco may reject the use of any materials, equipment, or tools
that do not conform to the specification requirements, jeopardize safety
of personnel, or impose hazard of damage to Saudi Aramco property.
10.1.21 All of the rights of Saudi Aramco and their designated representatives
for access, documentation, inspection, and rejection shall include any
work done by sub-contractors or sub-vendors.
10.1.22 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall provide the Saudi Aramco Inspector
all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the work is being performed as
specified.
10.1.23 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall furnish, install, and maintain in a safe
operating condition all necessary scaffolding, ladders, walkways, and
lighting for a safe and thorough inspection.
10.1.24 Prior to final inspection and pressure testing, the inside and outside of
the exchanger shall be thoroughly cleaned of all slag, scale, dirt, grit,
weld spatter, paint, oil, etc.
10.1.25 Inspection at the mill, shop, or fabrication yard shall not release the
Exchanger Manufacturer from responsibility for repairing or replacing
any defective material or workmanship that may be subsequently
discovered in the field.
Page 25 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
10.2.1.1 All radiography shall be performed with intensifying screens. Only lead
or lead foil (fluoro-metallic) screens shall be permitted unless otherwise
approved by the Saudi Aramco Inspection Department.
Page 26 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
10.2.14.2 Prods are not permitted for use on: air-hardenable materials, materials
which require impact testing, and on the fluid side of pressured
components for exchangers in wet sour service.
Page 27 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
10.2.14.6.1 All edges prepared for welding and all openings shall be magnetic
particle examined in accordance with the applicable Code.
10.3.1 For Division 1 exchangers: Test pressure shall be 1.3 times its
calculated MAWP in the hot and corroded condition multiplied by the
lowest ratio (for the materials of which the tube side is constructed) of
the allowable stress for the test temperature to the allowable stress for the
design temperature.
10.3.3 (Exception) Hydrostatic test pressure shall be held for a minimum of one
hour per 25 mm of exchanger shell/channel thickness and in no case less
than one hour.
10.3.11 After completion of all external and internal welding and heat treatment
and prior to painting, exchangers shall be pressure tested using water as
Page 28 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
the testing media in accordance with the applicable Code and this
specification. Pneumatic testing in lieu of hydrostatic testing requires
the approval from Saudi Aramco Inspection Department.
10.3.13 The use of shellacs, glues, lead, etc., on gaskets during testing is
prohibited. No paint or primer shall be applied to an exchanger prior to
hydrostatic testing.
10.3.14 The Exchanger Manufacturer shall furnish all test materials and
facilities, including blinds, bolting, and gaskets.
10.3.15 Hydrostatic pressure testing shall be performed with gaskets and bolting
identical to those required in service and as specified on the data sheet.
These gaskets may be used as service gaskets if the bolted joint is not
disassembled after completion of hydrostatic pressure testing.
10.3.17 After testing, the exchanger shall be completely drained and thoroughly
dried including around the internals.
10.3.18 For other than differential-pressure design exchangers, test pressure for
the shell side and the tube side shall be as per the applicable code
10.3.20 Vertical exchangers that are tested in the horizontal position shall be
adequately supported such that the primary stresses in any part of the
exchanger do not exceed 90% of the minimum specified yield strength of
the exchanger material.
Page 29 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
stresses in any part of the exchanger for this case shall not exceed 90%
of the minimum specified yield strength of the exchanger material.
10.4.5 Exchangers shall be Code stamped for all services, in accordance with
the applicable Code.
10.4.6 The mounting bracket material shall conform to Table 1 and it shall be
continuously seal welded and positioned such as not to allow for
collection of moisture or rain.
10.5.1 The Saudi Aramco Engineer must review and approve crack repair
procedures, required by the applicable Code, prior to commencement of
the repair work. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that
repairs done by the mill of any material defects, per the applicable Code,
are documented.
Page 30 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
11.1 Protection
11.1.1 The Manufacture shall protect the equipment from mechanical and
corrosion damage in order to assure that the equipment will be serviceable
after shipping, storage, and construction. The duration of these activities
is assumed to be 24 months. If longer period is specified, the required
protection measures shall be determined on a case-by-case basis.
11.1.3 After drying, the equipment is to be cleaned from all loose scales, weld
slags, dirt and debris to the satisfaction of the Saudi Aramco Inspector.
11.1.5 Threaded nozzle connections shall be protected with threaded plugs and
by the use of an appropriate lubricant with rust preventive compound
such as Cortec VpCI-369 or equivalent.
11.1.6 Tell-tale holes in reinforcing pads shall be protected with wooden plugs
or packed with rust preventative grease such as Denso paste.
11.1.7 Flanged connections and all other machined surfaces not described
elsewhere in this section shall be protected by use of an appropriate
lubricant with rust preventive compound such as Cortec VpCI-369 or
equivalent.
11.1.8 Export packing, marking, and shipping shall be in accordance with the
purchase order.
Page 31 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
11.1.10.1 For carbon steel and stainless steel fully assembled heat exchangers, spray
interior surfaces (both shell and tube side) with a vapor phase inhibitor
such as Cortec VpCI-307 or 309 or equivalent. Apply the Cortec product
at a rate of 0.3 kg/m³. Other manufacturer’s products should be applied at
treatment rates recommended by the manufacturer if greater than the
specified treatment rates of 0.3 kg/m³. If possible, vapor phase inhibitor
powder shall be sprayed directly into the tubes so that it can be easily
detected exiting from the opposite end of the tube. For copper alloy
construction, VpCI-307 or equivalent shall be specified. Exchangers must
be sealed vapor tight using metallic covers for the inhibitor to be effective.
11.1.10.2 The shell and external surfaces shall be protected by preparing the
surface and fully coating the external surfaces using the specified Saudi
Aramco coating specification prior to shipment.
11.1.10.3 Solid stainless steel exchangers which are to be shipped by ocean freight
or are to be stored in a coastal or near coastal location but are not
specified to be coated in service shall be protected by the application of a
temporary soft external coating such as Cortec VpCI 368 or Daubert
Chemical’s Tectyl 506 or equivalent. Coating shall be removed prior to
service using a non-caustic steam wash. Alternatively, solid stainless
steel exchangers shall be 100% wrapped and sealed in a 4-mil thick
anticorrosion polyethylene film containing vapor phase corrosion
inhibitor such as Cortec VpCI 126 Blue or equivalent. Equipment that is
an emergency spare for long term storage shall be wrapped in Cortec’s
10-mil thick MillCorr film or equivalent. Stainless steel exchangers
shipped by ocean freight must be protected from sea spray, rain, etcetera.
Page 32 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
acceptable protection measure for carbon and low chrome alloy steels
without Austenitic Stainless Steels internally cladded or Austenitic
Stainless Steels weld over-layed exchangers.
11.1.15 For exchangers which have permanent internal coatings, the Exchanger
Manufacturer shall contact the Saudi Aramco Engineer for any corrosion
protection required.
11.1.16 Martensitic stainless steels such as Type 410 and Type 420 are
particularly prone to atmospheric corrosion especially when shipped by
sea. The Manufacturer shall prepare a preservation and shipping plan for
approval by CSD.
11.1.17 For dry gas and liquefied gas systems, excess powder vapor phase
inhibitors shall be removed from major equipment at a convenient point
in construction operations before start-up if there could be a risk of
compressor fouling, filter plugging, or similar problems.
11.1.18 Bolt heads shall also be protected with a rust preventative compound to
prevent corrosion during shipment, storage and construction.
11.2 Identification
Page 33 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
11.2.5 Marking materials shall be free of lead, sulfur, zinc, cadmium, mercury,
chlorine, or other halogens.
12 Supplemental Requirements
12.1 General
13.2 Drawings and calculations that are approved by the Design Engineer
shall not relieve the Exchanger Manufacturer from the responsibility to
comply with the Codes, and this specification.
13.4 All approved data sheets, drawings and forms are to be typed and
submitted to EK&RD/Drawing Management Unit (EK&RD/DMU) for
inclusion into Corporate Drawings Management System.
Revision Summary
19 February 2013 Revised the “Next Planned Update.” Reaffirmed the content of the document, and reissued
with editorial revisions and to change the primary contact person.
Page 34 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Design Temperature
Exchanger
-100°C to -47°C -46°C to 0°C 1°C to 425°C 351°C to 645°C
Component
Shells, channels,
SA-516
dished heads,
SA-516 Grade 70, or
tubesheets, rolled SA-203 SA-387
Grade 70N, or SA-537 Class 1 or
nozzle necks, Grade D or E (1) Grades 11, 12 or 22
SA-537 Class 1 SA-285 Grade C
covers, and (6)
SA-387 Grade 5
reinforcing pads
SA-106 Grade B SA-335
Pipe, nozzle (1)
SA-333 Grade 3 SA-333 Grade 6 SA-53 Grade B Grades P11, 12 or
necks (6)
SA-335 Grade P5 22
SA-179 or
(2) SA-249 Type SA-334 or SA-179 or SA-214
Tubes (6) SA-214 or
304 SA-249 Type 304 SA-213 Grade T5
SA-213 Type 304
SA-182,
SA-105
Forged flanges SA-350 LF3 SA-350 LF2 (6) Grades F11, 12 or
SA-182 Grade F5
22
SA-234 WPB
SA-234, Grades
Wrought fittings SA-420 WPL3 SA-420 WPL6 SA-234 Grade
(6) WP11, 12 or 22
WP5
Studs/nuts for SA-320 L43/ SA-193
SA-320 L7/SA-194 SA-193 B7/SA-194
pressure SA-194 B5, or B16/
Grade 2H Grade 2H
connections Grades 4 or 7 SA-194 Grade 3
SA-516 Grade 70,
Internal SA-516
SA-203 or SA-537 Class 1, SA-387
attachment Grade 70N, or
(4) Grades D or E or SA-285 Grades 11, 12 or 22
clips SA-537 Class 1 (1)
Grade C
SA-516 Grade 70,
External SA-516
SA-203 or SA-537 Class 1, SA-387
attachment Grade 70N, or
(4) Grades D or E or SA-285 Grade C, Grades 11, 12 or 22
clips SA-537 Class 1 (1)
or SA-36
SA-516
(3)
Saddle Grade 70N, or SA-516 Grade 70,
SA-203 SA-387
Supports and SA-537 Class 1 or SA-285 Grade C,
Grades D or E (1) Grades 11, 12 or 22
Lugs or SA-285 Grade or SA-36
C
Anchor bolts SA-307 Grade B SA-307 Grade B SA-307 Grade B SA-307 Grade B
Page 35 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Table 1 – Acceptable Materials for Carbon and Low - Alloy Steels (cont’d)
General Notes:
A) Materials for hydrogen service shall be selected in accordance with API PUBL 941 using a value for the
hydrogen partial pressure 10% above the design partial pressure and a temperature of 30°C above the design
temperature.
B) Materials for exchangers in amine service shall be selected in accordance with Table 1 and API RP 945.
C) Materials for exchangers in wet sour service, with design temperature up to 100°C (212°F), shall be in
accordance with Table 1, with the following revisions:
1) Forged flanges and forged fittings are restricted to: SA-350 LF1 or LF2 or SA-266, Class 4 S2, S9.
Flanges above 24-inch diameter shall be SA-266, Grade 4, S2, S9.
2) Studs and nuts are restricted to: SA-193 B7M or L7M and SA-194 Grade 2HM.
3) It shall satisfy the requirements of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and NACE RP0472.
4) For exchangers under the service conditions specified in paragraph 8.1.9.1, shells and heads formed
from plate shall be manufactured from HIC resistant steel.
D) Materials for pressure components in sea water service shall be in accordance with Table 1 with the following
revisions:
1) Carbon steel pressure components in contact with seawater shall be clad or weld overlayed with Monel
in accordance with 32-SAMSS-031.
2) Tube material shall be either Cu/Ni SB-111 (Alloy Number C71500) or Titanium SB-338 Grade 2.
E) Low alloy steels shall not be mixed, i.e. an exchanger requiring 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo materials shall have all
components manufactured from 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo.
F) Low alloy steels shall be specified in the normalized and tempered heat treated condition.
G) The material for nameplate mounting brackets shall be of the same type and material grade as the shell
material.
H) Impact testing of materials and welding procedures are required when MDMT is lower than -28°C.
I) Impact testing of materials is only required when MDMT is -27 to -18°C. Impact testing of welding procedures
is not required for this temperature range, (unless otherwise required by the applicable Codes), if the
consumable classifications per ASME SEC IIC has impact property requirements at -46°C or lower.
Specific Notes:
1) SA-36, SA-53, SA-283, and SA-285 materials shall only be used for utility services.
2) Tubes in hydrogen, wet sour, amine and caustic services shall be seamless.
3) Saddle support wear plates shall be of the same ASME material as the shell material.
4) All internal and external clips and attachments on exchangers shall be of the same ASME material as the
attached pressure component.
5) Baffles, tube supports, tie rods, spacers and impingement protection shall be of the same basic material as
the tubes except for high alloy steel tubes when these components may be of carbon steel provided shell side
fluid does not require more corrosion resistant material. For titanium tubes, the materials for these
components shall be subject to approval from Saudi Aramco Engineer.
6) For hydrocarbon services containing hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfides at temperatures exceeding 550°F.
Page 36 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Page 37 of 38
Document Responsibility: Heat Transfer Equipment Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 19 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 19 August 2013 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Notes:
1. 100% RT is required in heat exchangers under any of the following services or design conditions:
Lethal services.
Hydrogen services.
Cyclic services.
Unfired steam boilers with design pressure exceeding 50 psi.
Heat exchanger weld joints requiring full radiography per the applicable Code
(see UW-11 for Division 1 exchangers and AF-220 for Division 2 exchangers).
Thick wall heat exchangers.
Butt welds in nozzles attached to weld neck flanges.
Butt welds in integrally reinforced contoured fittings.
2. UT for Category-D weld joint in attachments with a reinforcing plate must be performed prior to
installing reinforcing plate.
3. UT from accessible side must be conducted after any heat treatment, if applicable.
4. UT methods which generate permanent records may be used as a substitute to radiography in
heat exchangers that require 100% RT per the applicable Code and this specification. Such UT
methods must be approved by Inspection Department prior to commencement of any work.
5. UT methods which generate permanent records may be used as a substitute to RT where a weld
joint can not be readily radiographed, because of the joint geometry, e.g., Category D weld joint
using integrally reinforced nozzle without a contour that would facilitate radiography or a nozzle
with a reinforcing pad. Such UT methods must be approved by Inspection Department prior to
commencement of any work.
6. UT may be substituted for RT for NPS 4 and smaller connections to nozzles and manways.
7. To facilitate 100% radiography of category-D weld joint, it shall be according to:
a) For Division 1 exchangers: Figures UW-16.1: (f-1), (f-2) (f-3) or (f-4).
b) For Division 2 exchangers: Figures AD-613.1: (a), (b) (c), (c-1) (d) or (e).
Page 38 of 38