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MATEMATICO
𝜺𝒗 %
Error absoluto de los instrumentos 𝜹𝒗 = ∗ 𝑬𝒔𝒄. 𝑴𝒂𝒙
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
1.5
𝛿𝑣 = ∗ 3 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 [𝑽]
100
1.5
𝛿𝐼 = ∗ 10 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 [𝒎𝑨]
100
Límites de medida
𝑉𝐿 = 10 ∗ 𝛿𝑉 = 10 ∗ 0.045 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 [𝑽]
𝐼𝐿 = 10 ∗ 𝛿𝐼 = 10 ∗ 0.15 = 𝟏. 𝟓 [𝒎𝑨]
MAGNITUD MEDIDA
Resistencia medida R 303 [Ω]
N° V±𝜹𝑽 [𝑽] I±𝜹𝑰 [𝒎𝑨]
1 1.000±0.045 3.30±0.15
2 1.150±0.045 3.79±0.15
3 1.300±0.045 4.30±0.15
4 1.500±0.045 4.97±0.15
5 1.700±0.045 5.61±0.15
6 1.900±0.045 6.30±0.15
7 2.000±0.045 6.61±0.15
8 2.300±0.045 7.55±0.15
9 2.650±0.045 8.80±0.15
10 3.000±0.045 9.99±0.15
𝑽 = 𝑹𝑰
La expresión universal:
µ = 𝜶𝑿𝑩
La función estimadora
𝒀 = 𝑨𝑿𝑩
Donde:
𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑌) 𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑋)
𝑎 = 𝐿𝑛(𝐴)
𝑏=𝐵
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
Utilizando la auxiliar se tiene:
N° X Y 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝒀
1 -5.71383 0 32.64785 0
2 -5.57539 0.13976 31.08497 -0.77922
3 -5.44914 0.26236 29.69313 -1.42964
4 -5.30434 0.40547 28.13602 -2.15075
5 -5.18320 0.53063 26.86556 -2.75036
6 -5.06721 0.64185 25.67662 -3.25239
7 -5.01917 0.69315 25.19207 -3.47904
8 -4.88621 0.83291 23.87505 -4.06977
9 -4.73300 0.97456 22.40129 -4.61259
10 -4.60617 1.09861 21.21680 -5.06033
suma -51.53766 5.57930 266.78936 -27.58409
𝑛∑𝑥𝑦 − ∑𝑥∑𝑦
𝑏=
𝑛∑𝑥 2 − (∑𝑥)2
10(−27.58409) − (−51.53766)(5.57930)
𝑏=
10(266.78936) − (−51.53766)2
𝑏 =0.99490
∑𝑦 − 𝑏∑𝑥
𝑎=
𝑛
5.57930 − (0.99490)(−51.53766)
𝑎=
10
𝑎 = 5.68541
ŷ = 5.68541 ± 0.99490𝑥
LINE RECTA AJUSTADA A LOS DATOS
LINEALIZADOS
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
-1
-2
-3
Y
-4 y = 1.0051x - 5.7145
R² = 0.9999
-5
-6
-7
X
N° X Y 𝒀 = 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒙 (y-esty)2
∑(𝑦 − ŷ)2
𝑆𝑦 = √
𝑛−2
0.0001209804
𝑆𝑦 = √ =0.00389
10−2
Desviación estándar de A y B
2
(∑𝑥)2
𝑆𝑋𝑋 = ∑𝑥 −
𝑛
51.537662
𝑆𝑋𝑋 = 266.789 −
10
𝑆𝑋𝑋 = 1.175960172
Para A:
𝜕𝐴 ∑𝑥 2
𝜎𝐴 = | | 𝑆𝑦 √
𝜕𝑎 𝑛𝑆𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝐴
| | = 𝑒 𝑎 = 𝑒 5.68541 = 294.54
𝜕𝑎
266.789
𝜎𝐴 = |294.54| × 0.00389√
10 × 1.175960172
𝜎𝐴 = 5.45735
Para B:
𝜕𝐵 𝑆𝑦
𝜎𝐵 = | |
𝜕𝑏 √𝑆𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝐵
| |=1
𝜕𝑏
0.00389
𝜎𝐵 = |1|
√1.175960172
𝜎𝐵 = 0.002932
Errores Absolutos de A y B :
Grados de libertad 𝑣 = 𝑛 − 2 = 10 − 2 = 8
𝛿𝐴 = 18.3094
𝛿𝐵 = 0.009837
∝= 𝐴𝑝 ± 𝛿𝐴
𝐴𝑝 = 𝐴 = 𝑒 𝑎 = 𝑒 5.68541 = 294.54
∝= 295 ± 18
Para el parámetro 𝛽 = 1
𝛽 = 𝐵 ± 𝛿𝛽
𝐵=𝑏
𝛿𝛽 = 𝛿𝑏 = 0.009837
𝐵𝑝 = 𝑏 =0.99490
𝛽 = 0.009837 ± 0.99490
𝐻0: ∝= 294
𝐻1: ∝≠ 294
Valor critico
Para 𝛽 = 1
𝐻0: 𝛽 = 1
𝐻1: 𝛽 ≠ 0.99
𝐵 − 𝛽 1.001 − 1
𝑡𝛽 = = = 0.341
𝜎𝛽 0.002932
Resultados
𝑅=𝐴
𝛿𝑅 = 𝛿𝐴 = 18[𝛺]
El resultado es:
𝑅𝑝 = 𝐴 = 295[𝛺]
El resultado es:
𝑅 = 𝑅𝑃 ± 𝛿𝑅 = 295 ± 18[𝛺]
𝛿𝑅 × 100 18 ∗ 100
𝜀𝑅 % = = = 6.1016[%]
𝑅𝑝 295
𝐵=𝑏
𝛿𝐵 = 𝛿𝑏 = 0.99490
𝐵𝑝 = 𝐵 = 0.009837
𝛽 = 𝐵𝑝 ± 𝛿𝐵 = 0.009837 ± 0.99490