International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com

Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

Site Suitability For Sewage Treatment Plant

T.Subramani1, S.Sekar2, J.Kotteswaran3, I.Bosco4, Geo.J.Anand5

1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.

2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.
3,4,5
UG Students,Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.

Abstract: Site suitability evaluation for waste management is
becoming a major criteria for defending the environmental
degradation. If proper location for the treatment plant is not
selected then it may lead to soil degradation and ground water
pollution. Textile processing units in Erode, Karur, Salem and
Tirupur districts of Tamilnadu, India generates chemically toxic
waste water there by polluting sub-soil and surface water of
water bodies in particular River Cauvery. Erode district, a model
Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) was promoted by
State Industrial Promotion Corporation of Tamilnadu Ltd., at
Perundurai with 14 textile units as stake holders. Waste water
from textile processing units contains a complex mixture of
dyes, which are highly resistant to conventional treatment
technology. Waste water from textile processing units contains a
complex mixture of dyes, which are highly resistant to
conventional treatment technology. As the characteristics of
wash water effluent and dye bath effluent are variable, various
physical, chemical and biological treatment methods are adopted
for the treatment. Most of the perennial rivers in Tamilnadu
have less surface flow water and dried during summer season.
Potential sites for the treatment plant are evaluated using
suitability score based on planning and design constraints,
including ground slope, landuse pattern, and distance to river
and roads. Ground control point (GCP) collected by ground
point survey (GPS) and topographical map of the study area.
The maps were prepared by overlay and suitability analysis of
geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing
techniques and multi criteria analysis methods. The final
suitability map was prepared by overlay analyses on Arc map
and levelled as high, moderate, less suitable, and unsuitable
regions of the study area were determined. Hence, the capacity
to use GIS and remote sensing technology for the effective
identification of suitable solid waste dumping site will minimize
the environmental risk and human health problems.
Keywords: Site, Suitability, Sewage, Treatment, Plant
1. INTRODUCTION
Sewage is the wastewater from residential areas and it
generally consists of wastewater from kitchens, toilets and
bathrooms. It is necessary to collect, treat and safely
dispose off the sewage, because if it is let into the
environment without treatment it will be naturally drained
by the existing ground slope and will reach the nearby
water bodies such as lakes and rivers. The organic waste
present in the sewage will undergo decomposition in the
water bodies causing depletion of dissolved oxygen in it
and causing unhygienic condition leading to the spreading
of water borne diseases. Sewage carry pathogenic
organisms that transmit diseases to human. It contains
organic matter that causes odour and nuisance problems.
Textile Sewage is the wastewater from residential and in
industrial areas and it generally consists of wastewater from
materials, kitchens, toilets and bathrooms. It is necessary to
collect, treat and safely dispose of the sewage, because if it
is let into the environment without treatment it will be
naturally drained by the existing ground slope and will
reach the nearby water bodies such as lakes and rivers. The
organic waste present in the sewage will undergo
decomposition in the water bodies causing depletion of
dissolved oxygen in it and causing unhygienic condition
leading to the spreading of water borne diseases. Sewage
carries pathogenic organisms that transmit diseases to
human. It contains organic matter that causes odour and
nuisance problems.
The raw water quality available in India varies
significantly, resulting in modifications to the conventional
water treatment scheme consisting of aeration, chemical
coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and
disinfection. The backwash water and sludge generation
from water treatment plants are of environment concern in
terms of disposal. Therefore, optimization of chemical
dosing and filter runs carries importance to reduce the
rejects from the water treatment plants. Also there is a need
to study the water treatment plants for their operational
status and to explore the best feasible mechanism to ensure
proper drinking water production with least possible rejects
and its management. With this backdrop, the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), studied water treatment
plants located across the country, for prevailing raw water
quality, water treatment technologies, operational practices,
chemical consumption and rejects management. Surat has
more than 45 lacs population. Total eight sewage treatment
plants are designed, out of which six are treating
wastewater and two are under construction phase. The
prime usage of water is for agriculture, domestic and
industrial. For all the above mentioned usages, the required
water should be of the different and specific quality. These
plants are designed and constructed with an aim to manage

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 134

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

wastewater so as to minimize and/or remove organic Erode District (previously known as Periyar District) is a
matter, solids, nutrients, disease-causing organisms and district in the Kongu Nadu region (western part) of
other pollutants, before it reenters a water body. the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was the largest district by
area in the state before the Formation of Tirupur
Proper collection and safe disposal of the sewage are District and the headquarters of the district is Erode. It is
legally recognized as a necessity in an urbanized, divided into two revenue divisions
industrialized society. Globally around 90% of wastewater namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam and further
produced remains untreated causing widespread water subdivided into 9 taluks. Periyar district was a part
pollution especially in low income countries. Geographic of Coimbatore District before its division into two on
Information System (GIS) can be used as a decision support September 17, 1979 and was renamed as Erode District in
tool for planning waste management. The manual methods 1996. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,251,744
adopted for the analysis of many factors would be a tedious with a sex-ratio of 993 females for every 1,000 males,
and lengthy work. Also the possibilities of errors increase much above the national average of 929.
when merging the spatial and non-spatial data. But in case
of GIS, as the work is carried out in layers, the chances of
error will be less and the system is capable to coordinate
between spatial and non-spatial data.
Figure 2. Shows the Erode district map which is adopted in
1.1 Aim and Objective this study
 Analysing the characteristics of the study area
through field survey and visual interpretation of
satellite images.
 Preparation of various thematic maps such as
landuse map, slope map, road map.
 Preparation of suitability map by overlaying the
thematic maps with suitable weightage.

2. METHODOLOGY

Figure 1. Shows the methodology adopted in this study

Figure 2 Erode district map

Figure 3. Shows the Tirupur district map which is adopted

in this study

Figure 1 Methodology
Figure 3 Tirupur district map
3.STUDY AREA

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 135

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
Erode district had a population of 2,251,744 with a sex-
ratio of 993 females for every 1,000 males, much above the
national average of 929.[2] A total of 195,213 were under
the age of six, constituting 99,943 males and 95,270
females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted
for 16.41% and .97% of the population respectively. The
average literacy of the district was 66.29%, compared to the
national average of 72.99%.[2] The district had a total of
658,071 households. There were a total of 1,195,773
workers, comprising 173,376 cultivators, 331,414 main
agricultural labourers, 48,960 in house hold industries,
557,301 other workers, 84,722 marginal workers, 4,794
marginal cultivators, 38,798 marginal agricultural
labourers, 5,362 marginal workers in household industries
and 35,768 other marginal workers.
3.1 Industries and Trade
40.32 percent of population depending on non-agricultural
sector. Industries that flourished in early days in the area
were handloom weaving, carpet manufacturing, cart
manufacturing, oil-pressing, brass vessel manufacturing
etc. Though these industries flourished well in the early
days, the advent of modern times changed the fate of some
of these well-established ancient industries. However, the
industry still survives here and load carrying carts are still
manufactured. Erode, Chennimalai etc. still hold their way
and the district is noted for its handloom products, which
include cotton sarees, bed-spreads, towels, furnishing
fabrics etc. Two other important production centers are
Bhavani and Jambai. The cotton textile industry in
Coimbatore and handloom industry in Erode district have
encouraged the growth of various ancillary industries to
meet the needs of the textile mills.
The table denotes that there are 70 different types of large
scale industries functioning in Erode district. Textile
industries accounting for 57 out of 70 industries make up
about 82% of total industries in Erode.
3.2 Effluent from Textile Industry
Erode district happens to be the hub of textile industries,
but it is the same industries that cause major environmental
pollution to the nearby streams. Even though, Erode district
has done the industry proud is dominating in this sector,
there is a big setback to the city due to the effluent
discharged from these industries causing pollution and
health problems to the 5 society. Hence, the effluents from
textile industries are to be treated effectively to save the
environment and to protect public health. The
environmental impact of the textile industry is associated
with its high water consumption as well as by the colour,
variety and amount of chemicals which are released in the
wastewater. Synthetic dyes including several structural
varieties such as acidic, reactive, basic disperse, azo, diazo,
anthraquinone-based and metal-complex dyes are widely
used as colouring agents in textile industries.
4. ABOUT SOFTWARE
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
4.1 GIS
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-
based tool for mapping and analysing feature events on
earth. GIS technology integrates common database
operations, such as query and statistical analysis, with
maps. GIS manages location-based information and
provides tools for display and analysis of various statistics,
including population characteristics, economic
development opportunities, and vegetation types.
GIS allows you to link databases and maps to create
dynamic displays. Additionally, it provides tools to
visualize, query, and overlay those databases in ways not
possible with traditional spreadsheets. These abilities
distinguish GIS from other information systems, and make
it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises
for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning
strategies.
4.2 Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is the examination or the gathering of
information about a place from a distance. Such
examination can occur with devices (e.g. - cameras) based
on the ground, and/or sensors or cameras based on ships,
aircraft, satellites, or other spacecraft. Today, the data
obtained is usually stored and manipulated using
computers. The most common software used in remote
sensing is ERDAS Imagine, ESRI, MapInfo, and
ERMapper with the background treatise on remote sensing
we have made so far, it would now be easier make an
analysis of the different stages in remote sensing. Origin
of electromagnetic energy.
 Transmission of energy
 Intervening of energy or self-emission
 Detection of energy
 Transmission or coding of the sensor output
 Collection of ground truth
 Data analysis and interpretation
4.3 Remote Sensors
The instrument used to measure electromagnetic radiation
reflected or emitted by the radiation either emitted or
reflected from the earth is called passive sensors, sensors
which carry electromagnetic radiation to illuminates the
earth’s surface are called active sensors.
4.4 Platforms
Sensor system need to be placed on suitable observation
platforms and need to be a pre-defined altitude .Platforms
can be stationary or mobile depending on the needs of the
observation mission and the constraints. Geostationary,
which are about 3600km above earth second is sun
synchronous satellites which are nearer to earth.
4.5 Digital Processing Techniques
Digital facilitates quantitative analysis, make use of full
spectral information and avoid individual bias.
Simultaneous analysis of multi-temporal and multi sensor
facilitated in digital methods. The computer analysis the
signature, so as to associates each pixel with a particular
feature of imagery.
Page 136
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
4.6 Generation of Dem and Slope
Slope map was generated using the elevation information
derived from ancillary topographical and GIS techniques.
ARCGIS's TOPOGRID functions were used to generate
DEM and slope maps. A sampling method was used to
extract representative points to build a surface model that
approximates the actual surface. The contour map, was
prepared from the SOI topographic.
5. OPERATIONS OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT
Primary treatment systems are usually physical processes.
Primary treatment alone will not produce an effluent with
an acceptable residual organic material concentration.
Almost invariably biological methods are used in the
treatment systems to effect secondary treatment for removal
of organic material. In biological treatment systems, the
organic material is metabolized by bacteria. Depending
upon the requirement for the final effluent quality, tertiary
treatment methods and/or pathogen removal may also be
included. Today majority of wastewater treatment plants
use aerobic metabolism for the removal of organic matter.
The popularly used aerobic processes are the activated
sludge process, oxidation ditch, trickling filter, and aerated
lagoons. Stabilization ponds use both the aerobic and
anaerobic mechanisms. In the recent years due to increase
in power cost and subsequent increase in operation cost of
aerobic process, more attention is being paid for the use of
anaerobic treatment systems for the treatment of
wastewater including sewage. Recently at few places the
high rate anaerobic process such as up flow Anaerobic
Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by oxidation
pond is used for sewage treatment. The different treatment
methods used in wastewater treatment plant are classified
in three different categories as:
 Primary Treatment: Refers to physical unit
operations.
 Secondary Treatment: Refers to chemical and
biological unit processes.
 Tertiary Treatment: Refers to any one or
combination of two or all three i.e., physical unit
operations and chemical or biological unit
processes, used after secondary treatment.
5.1 Important Parameters
5.1.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod) and
Chemical
Oxygen Demand (Cod)
In practice two properties of almost all organic compounds
can be used: (1) organic compound can be oxidized; and (2)
organic compounds contain organic carbon. In
environmental engineering there are two standard tests
based on the oxidation of organic material: 1) the
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 2) the Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) tests. In both tests, the organic
material concentration is measured during the test. The
essential differences between the COD and the BOD tests
are in the oxidant utilized and the operational conditions
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
imposed during the test such as biochemical oxidation and
chemical oxidation.
5.1.1.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The BOD of the sewage is the amount of oxygen required
for the biochemical decomposition of biodegradable
organic matter under aerobic conditions. The oxygen
consumed in the process is related to the amount of
decomposable organic matter. The general range of BOD
observed for raw sewage is 100 to 400 mg/L. Values in the
lower range are being common under average Indian cities.
5.1.1.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
The COD gives the measure of the oxygen required for
chemical oxidation. It does not differentiate between
biological oxidisable and non-oxidisable material.
However, the ratio of the COD to BOD does not change
significantly for particular waste and hence this test could
be used conveniently for interpreting performance
efficiencies of the treatment units.
5.2 Turbidity
Water that is not clear but is “dirty,” in the sense that light
transmission is inhibited, is known as turbid water. Many
materials can cause turbidity, including clays and other tiny
inorganic particles, algae, and organic matter. Turbidity is
measured using a turbid meter. Turbid meters are
photometers that measure the intensity of scattered light.
Opaque particles scatter light, so scattered light measured at
right angles to a beam of incident light is proportional to
the turbidity. Formazin polymer is currently used as the
primary standard for calibrating turbid meters, and the
results are reported as nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
5.3 pH
The pH of a solution is a measure of hydrogen (H+) ion.
The hydrogen ion concentration expressed as pH, is a
valuable parameter in the operation of biological units. The
pH of the fresh sewage is slightly more than the water
supplied to the community. However, decomposition of
organic matter may lower the pH, while the presence of
industrial wastewater may produce extreme fluctuations.
Generally the pH of raw sewage is in the range 5.5 to 8.0.
5.4Solids
Wastewater treatment is complicated by the dissolved and
suspended inorganic material it contains. In discussion of
water treatment, both dissolved and suspended materials
are called solids. The separation of these solids from the
water is one of the primary objectives of treatment.
The sewage solids may be classified into dissolved solids,
suspended solids and volatile suspended solids. Knowledge
of the volatile or organic fraction of solid, which
decomposes, becomes necessary, as this constitutes the load
on biological treatment units or oxygen resources of a
stream when sewage is disposed off by dilution. The
estimation of suspended solids, both organic and inorganic,
Page 137
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
gives a general picture of the load on sedimentation and grit
removal system during sewage treatment. Dissolved
inorganic fraction is to be considered when sewage is used
for land irrigation or any other reuse is planned.
6. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The textile industry or apparel industry is primarily
concerned with the design and production of yarn, cloth,
clothing, and their distribution. The raw material may be
natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical
industry.
The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of
water and produces large volumes of wastewater from
different steps in the dyeing and finishing processes.
Wastewater from printing and dyeing units is often rich in
colour, containing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals,
and requires proper treatment before being released into the
environment. The toxic effects of dyestuffs and other
organic compounds, as well as acidic and alkaline
contaminants, from industrial establishments on the general
public are widely accepted. Increasing public concern about
environmental issues has led to closure of several small-
scale industries. Interest in ecologically friendly, wet-
processing textile techniques has increased in recent years
because of increased awareness of environmental issues
throughout the world. Consumers in developed countries
are demanding biodegradable and ecologically friendly
textiles. Cotton provides an ecologically friendly textile,
but more than 50% of its production volume is dyed with
reactive dyes. Unfortunately, dyes are unfavourable from
an ecological point of view, because the effluents generated
are heavily coloured, contain high concentrations of salts,
and exhibit high biological oxygen demand/chemical
oxygen demand (BOD/COD) values. In dyeing textiles,
ecological standards are strictly applied throughout
processing from raw material selection to the final product.
There are three ways to reduce pollution: (1) use of new,
less polluting technologies; (2) effective treatment of
effluent so that it conforms to specified discharge
requirements; and (3) recycling waste several times over
before discharge, which is considered the most practical
solution. The objective of this review is to discuss the
various processing stages in the textile industry and the
methodologies adopted for treating textile wastewater. A
variety of water treatment techniques are discussed from an
environmental point of view. Conventional and novel
techniques discussed include electro-oxidation, biological
treatment, photochemical processing, ion-exchange, and a
variety of membrane techniques.
6.1 Types of Textiles and Textile Industries
The word textile means to weave which was adopted from
the Latin word ‘Texere’. Textiles can be woven by both
hand and machines. The raw materials for textiles are
natural and synthetic fibers. The sources of natural fibers
are minerals, animals and plants. With the advancement of
technology, fibers can now be extracted from chemicals.
However, plant sources yield a large amount of fibers than
those obtained from animal and mineral sources. Most of
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
the textiles produced are as a result of spinning of fibers
from the yarns. The textile industries are classified on the
basis of the types of textile fiber they use. These are
cellulose fibers, protein fibers and synthetic fibers.
Cellulose
6.2 Desizing
The presence of sizing ingredients in the fabric hinders
processes, such as dyeing, printing, and finishing. For
example, the presence of starch can hinder the penetration
of the dye into the fiber, which necessitates removal of
starch prior to dyeing or printing. Starch is removed or
converted into simple water soluble products either by
hydrolysis (by enzymatic preparations or dilute mineral
acids) or by oxidation.
6.3 Mercerization
In order to impart luster, increase strength, and improve dye
uptake, cotton fiber and fabric are mercerized in the gray
state after bleaching. Essentially, mercerization is carried
out by treating cotton material with a strong solution of
sodium hydroxide (about 18–24%) and washing-off the
caustic after 1 to 3 min, while holding the material under
tension. Cotton is known to undergo a longitudinal
shrinkage upon impregnation with this solution. This can be
prevented by stretching it or holding it under tension. The
material acquires the desired properties of luster, increased
strength, dye uptake, and increased absorbency. The large
concentrations of NaOH in the wash water can be
recovered by membrane techniques. Use of ZnCl2 as an
alternative method leads to an increase in the weight of
fabric and in dye uptake, and allows easy recovery of
NaOH. Moreover, the process is ecologically friendly and
does not require neutralization by acetic or formic acid.
6.4 Neutralization
According to Bradbury et al. (2000), replacement of acetic
acid by formic acid for neutralization of fabric after
scouring, mercerizing, bleaching, and reduction processes
is effective, economical, and environment-friendly. The
procedure also allows a sufficient level of neutralization in
a short period of time, needs low volumes of water, and
results in low levels of BOD.
6.5 Environmental Impacts of Textile Effluent
The characteristics of textile effluents vary and depend on
the type of textile manufactured and the chemicals used.
The textile wastewater effluent contains high amounts of
agents causing damage to the environment and human
health including suspended and dissolved solids, biological
oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),
chemicals, odour and colour. Most of the BOD/COD ratios
are found to be around 1:4, indicating the presence of non-
biodegradable substances. Typical characteristics of textile
effluent are shown in Table. The textile effluents contain
trace metals like Cr, As, Cu and Zn, which are capable of
harming the environment. Dyes in water give out a bad
colour and can cause diseases like haemorrhage, ulceration
of skin, nausea, severe irritation of skin and dermatitis
Page 138
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
.They can block the penetration of sunlight from water
surface preventing photosynthesis. Dyes also increase the
biochemical oxygen demand of the receiving water and in
turn reduce the reoxygenation process and hence hamper
the growth of photoautotrophic organisms.
7. EFFLUENT TREATMENTS
Dyes in wastewater can be eliminated by various methods.
The wastewater from the dye house is generally multi-
coloured. The dye effluent disposed into the land and river
water reduces the depth of penetration of sunlight into the
water environment, which in turn decreases photosynthetic
activity and dissolved oxygen (DO). The adverse effects
can spell disaster for aquatic life and the soil. A flow
diagram for treatment of cotton textiles, and the water and
COD balance are depicted. Many dyes contain organic
compounds with functional groups, such as carboxylic (–
COOH), amine (–NH2), and azo (–N=N–) groups, so
treatment methods must be tailored to the chemistry of the
dyes. Wastewaters resulting from dyeing cotton with
reactive dyes are highly polluted and have high BOD/COD,
coloration, and salt load. For example, this ratio for
Drimaren HF (a cellulosic product from Clariant
Chemicals, India) is constant and around 0.35 for each
dyeing step (bleaching step BOD: 1850 mg/l; bleaching
step COD: 5700 mg/l; neutralization step BOD: 290 mg/l;
neutralization COD: 830 mg/l; dyeing step BOD: 500 mg/l;
dyeing step COD: 1440 mg/l; soaping step BOD: 310 mg/l;
soaping step COD: 960 mg/l). Because aquatic organisms
need light in order to develop, any deficit in the light
reaching the aquatic life due to water coloration results in
an imbalance in the ecosystem. Moreover, river water
meant for human consumption that is coloured will increase
treatment costs. Obviously, when legal limits are specified
(although not in all countries), they are justified.
7.1 Primary And Secondary Treatment
The conventional treatment systems like physico-chemical
treatment and physoco-chemical treatment followed by
biological treatment system are installed in majority of
textile industries.Selection of appropriate coagulants and
doses of chemicals are determined on the basis of
treatability study of effluent samples. The chemical
treatment helps in reduction of colour and suspended solids.
A significant reduction in BOD and COD values is also
observed. This physico-chemical treatment is followed by
biological treatment process, with settling which further
reduces BOD and COD values. The textile process houses
which undertake chemical processing, do not have much
organic load in their effluents. In such cases, the recent
trend is to set up an activated adsorption system or an
ozonation unit instead of biological treatment process.
7.2 Advance Methods for Treatment
7.2.1 Adsorption
The adsorption process is used to removes colour and
other soluble organic pollutants from effluent. The process
also removes toxic chemicals such as pesticides, phenols,
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
cyanides and organic dyes that cannot be treated by
conventional treatment methods. Dissolved organics are
adsorbed on surface as Waste water containing these is
made to pass through adsorbent. Most commonly used
adsorbent for treatment is activated carbon.
Table 1: Properties of typical activated carbon
It is manufactured from carbonaceous material such as
wood, coal, petroleum products etc. A char is made by
burning the material in the absence of air. The char is then
oxidized at higher temperatures to create a porous solid
mass which has large surface area per unit mass. The pores
need to be large enough for soluble organics compounds to
diffuse in order to reach the abundant surface area.
7.3 Membrane Filtration
7.3.1 Reverse Osmosis
The process of reverse osmosis is based on the ability of
certain specific polymeric membranes, usually cellulose
acetate or nylon to pass pure water at fairly high rates and
to reject salts. To achieve this, water or waste water stream
is passed at high pressures through the membrane. The
applied pressures has to be high enough to overcome the
osmotic pressure of the stream, and to provide a pressure
driving force for water to flow from the reject compartment
through the membrane into the clear water compartment
Reverse osmosis can be used as end-of-pipe treatment and
recycling system for effluent. After primary, secondary
and/or tertiary treatment, further purification by removal of
organics and dissolved salts is possible by use of reverse
osmosis. RO membranes are susceptible to fouling due to
organics, colloids and microorganism. Scale causing
constituents like hardness, carbonate. Silica, heavy metals,
oil etc. has to be removed from the feed. As the membranes
are sensitive to oxidizing agents like chlorine or ozone,
they should also be absent. Reverse osmosis membranes are
available in different configurations. In spiral wound
system, membrane and supporting material are placed in
alternate layers, rolled into a cylindrical shape and in
housed in tube of suitable martial. The support material is
porous and serves as transport medium for permeate.
Tubular systems are available in which the membrane and
its support are wound to fit inside a containment tube.
Permeate is withdrawn from the support medium, while
reject passes through the core of the membrane. Hollow
fiber membranes are extremely small tubes. These fibres
can be suspended in the fluid without the use of support
medium. The feed water is usually on outside of fibre,
while the permeate is withdrawn through the centre.
7.3.2 Ultrafiltration
Page 139
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

This process is similar to reverse osmosis. The difference

between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration is primarily the
retention properties of the membranes. Reverse osmosis
membranes retain all solutes including salts, while
ultrafiltration membranes retain only macro molecules and
suspended solids. Thus salts, solvents and low molecular
weight organic solutes pass through ultrafiltration
membrane with the permeate water. Since salts are not
retained by the membrane, the osmotic pressure differences
across ultrafiltration membrane are negligible. Flux rates
through the membranes are fairly high, and hence lower
pressures can be used.

8. ANALYSIS RESULTS
Figure 4. Shows the location map of the study. Figure6Geomorphological features
Figure 7. Shows the FCC of IRS P6 LISS III Satellite data
of the study

Figure 4Location map

Figure 5.Shows the geology and structures of the study

Figure 7FCC of IRS P6 LISS III Satellite data

Figure 8. Shows the SRTM DEM image of the study

Figure5Geology and structures

Figure 6. Shows the Geomorphological features of the

study

Figure8SRTM DEM Image

Figure 9. Shows the slope angle of the study

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 140

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

Figure 11Drainage map

Figure9Slope angle Figure 12. Shows the road network of the study
Figure 10. Shows the slope aspect in the study

Figure10Slope aspect Figure12Road network

Figure 11. Shows the drainage map of the study Figure 13. Shows the soil order of the study

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 141

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

Figure 15 Slope reclasses

Figure 16. Shows the road proximity of the study
Figure 13 Soil order

8.1 Thematic Maps

Figure 4. shows the land use/ land cover of the study

Figure 16Road proximity

Figure 14 Land use / Land cover
Figure 17. Shows the drainage density of the study
Figure 15. Shows the slope reclasses of the study

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 142

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
Figure 17Drainage density
8.2 Criterion Table for Identifying Suitable Site
Table 2 shows the criterion table for identifying suitable
site
Table 2: Criterion table for identifying suitable site
8.3 Area of Different Categories of Sewage
Treatment Plant Site
Table 3. Shows the area of different categories of sewage
treatment plant site
Table 3: Area of different categories of sewage treatment
plant site
Figure 18. Shows the site suitability map of the study
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
Figure 18Site suitability map
9. CONCLUSION
Cleaner production is an attractive approach to tackle
environmental problems associated with industrial
production and poor material efficiency. A waste water
treatment plant with Activated Sludge Process as biological
treatment method has been considered for performance
evaluation. The overall performance of the existing was
satisfactory. The removal efficiency as per SMC Data of
BOD was found to be 94.84% and that of TSS was 90.75%.
BOD and TSS removal efficiencies of the primary clarifier
are 57.38% and 53.42% respectively. BOD and TSS
removal efficiencies of the activated sludge plant (Aeration
tank + Secondary clarifier) are 87.90% and 86.50%
respectively. The removal efficiency as per the sample
tested in laboratory of BOD was found to be 93.42% and
that of TSS was 90.61%. Thus with comparing the data
with SMC and the sample tested in laboratory the plant is
working satisfactory and the individual units is also
working well. Remote sensing analysis has been carried out
using Resource sat -1 multispectral satellite data along with
DEM derived from IRS P5 stereo pair. GIS database
generated of various thematic layers viz. base layer -
inventorying all water bodies in the vicinity, transport
network and village layer, drainage, geomorphology,
structure, land use. Analysis of spatial distribution of the
features and change detection in land use/cover carried out
to find out the site suitability for water treatment plant in
Salem Corporation with extra accuracy. The method of
applying software in analyzing the site suitability is most
advance and detailed which is adopted in future technology
with time consuming.
References
[1]. T.Subramani, and S.PonKumar..,“Anaeribic
Digestion of Aerobic Pretreated Organic Waste”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 607- 611, 2012.
Page 143
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
[2]. T.Subramani,,“Application of Eco-Friendly
Geotextiles for Landslide Mitigation in a Part of Ooty
Hills, TamilNadu”, International Journal of Modern
Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 579 -585,2012.
[3]. T.Subramani,,andD.Haribalaji.D.,“Biodegradation of
Tannery Effluent and Designing the Reactor for
Clarifier and Activated Sludge Process”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 774 - 781,2012.
[4]. T.Subramani,, “Study of Pollution Prevention
Strategies For Reclamation and Waster Management
of Lake in Tourism Place”, International Journal of
Modern Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 763-
773,2012
[5]. T.Subramani,,S.Krishnan.. andP.K.Kumaresan.,
“Study of Ground Water Quality with GIS
Application for Coonur Taluk In Nilgiri District.”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 586-592, 2012.
[6]. T.Subramani,. “Experimental Investigations on Coir
Fibre Reinforced Bituminous Mixes” International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol.2, Issue.3, pp 1794-1804, 2012.
[7]. T. Subramani., P.Krishnamurthi., “Geostatical
Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by
Using GIS”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.165-172, 2014.
[8]. T.Subramani.,K.Prasath.,P.Velmurugan.,
V.Baskaran., “Impacts of Irrigation and Drought on
Salem Ground Water”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 3), pp.117-122, 2014.
[9]. T.Subramani., T.Manikandan., “Analysis Of Urban
Growth And Its Impact On Groundwater Tanneries
By Using Gis”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.274-282, 2014.
[10]. T.Subramani. ,M.Chandrasekaran., “Saline Ground
Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.173-179,
2014.
[11]. T.Subramani. , P.Someswari., “Identification And
Analysis Of Pollution In ThirumaniMuthar River
Using Remote Sensing”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 2), pp.198-207, 2014.
[12]. T.Subramani., P.Anitha, S.Sekar., “Health-Care
Waste Management System”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 2), pp.255-258, 2014.
[13]. T.Subramani. , D.Kavitha., R.Tiyagu., “Treatment Of
Municipal Waste Water In Salem City”, International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.259-263, June 2014.
[14]. T.Subramani. , R.Umarani., S.K.Bharathi Devi.,
“Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste
Management In Urban India”, International Journal of
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 2), pp.264-269, 2014.
[15]. T.Subramani. ,M.Mangaiyarkarasi., C.Kathirvel., “
Impact Of Sewage And Industrial Effluent On Soil
Plant Health Act On Environment”, International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.270-273, 2014.
[16]. T.Subramani. ,V.Vishnumanoj., “Land Use and Land
Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis
of Panamarathupatti Lake, Salem”, International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.117-127, 2014.
[17]. T.Subramani. , S.Badrinarayanan., K.Prasath.,
S.Sridhar., “Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery
Irrigation System, India Using Remote Sensing and
Gis Technology”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 2), pp.191-197, 2014.
[18]. T.Subramani., J.Akela. “Onsite Waste Water
Treatment System”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4,
Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 154 - 162, 2014.
[19]. T.Subramani., C.Arulsankar., S.Badrinarayanan.,
“Effect Of Sewage Farming On Ground Water”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, Volume.4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 163
- 172.
[20]. T.Subramani.,N.Jayagobu. , “Microbial Analysis Of
Drinking Water And Water Distribution System”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 183
- 193, 2014.
[21]. T.Subramani.,R.Murugan., “Generation Of Electricity
Using Solid Waste Management In
KrishnagiriMunicipalty”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4,
Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp 222 -232, 2014.
[22]. T.Subramani.,C.Rajadurai., K.Prasath. “Bio-
Degradable Plastics Impact On Environment”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 194
-204, 2014.
[23]. T.Subramani.,H.Ranjini Florence., M.Kavitha.
“Climate Change Energy And Decentralized Solid
Waste Management”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4,
Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 205 - 216, 2014.
[24]. T.Subramani.,D.Porkodi., J.Jayalakshmi.,“Sewage
Treatment In Salem District, IOSR Journal of
Engineering, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 3), pp 8 -
13, 2014.
[25]. T.Subramani.,A.Subramanian.,, C.Kathirvel.,
S.K.Bharathi Devi., “ Analysis and Site Suitability
Evaluation for Textile Sewage Water Treatment Plant
in Salem Corporation, Tamilnadu Using Remote
Sensing Techniques” , International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications , Vol. 4, Issue
8( Version 6), pp.90-102, 2014.
[26]. T.Subramani., S.Krishnan., C.Kathirvel.,
Page 144
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
C.T.Sivakumar., “Identification And Investigation Of
Solid Waste Dump In Salem District”, International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.88-99, 2014
[27]. T.Subramani, M.Kumutha , " Sustainable Solid Waste
Management In A Mountain Ecosystem" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Issue 5, pp. 123-133 , 2015
[28]. T.Subramani, ”Identification Of Ground Water
Potential Zone By Using GIS”, International Journal
of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume
10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015
[29]. T.Subramani, P.Narasimhan, “Waster Water
Treatment And Its Return Journey To The
Environment”, International Journal of Applied
Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10, Number
38, Special Issues , pp.28223-28261, 2015
[30]. T.Subramani, S.K.Somasundaram , " A Case Study
Of Occupational Hazards In Silk Industry " ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Issue 5 , pp. 223-233 , 2015
[31]. T.Subramani, P.K.Revathi, “Production Of
Activated Carbon From Agricultural Raw
Waste”,IOSR Journal of Engineering, Volume 5,
Issue 5, Version 3, pp 54-63, 2015
[32]. T.Subramani, T.Subramani, “Water Quality
deterioration due to Sago Industries in Upper
VasistaNadhi River Basin, TamilNadu, India”, Indian
Journal of Geo- Marine Sciences, Accepted. Article
placed in Q and considered for publication.
[33]. T.Subramani, S.Praveen Kumar , " Generation Of
Biogas From Organic Waste In Salem Tamil Nadu" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5,
Issue 5, pp. 104-115 , 2016
[34]. T.Subramani, C.Kathirvel , " Water Shed
Management For Erode District Using Gis " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 093-103 , 2016.
[35]. T.Subramani, V.KanianPoonkundran , " Prefabricated
Multistory Structure Exposure To Engineering
Seismicity By Using SAP" , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 123-
131 , 2016 .
[36]. T.Subramani, R.Kumar , " Irrigation Schedule Models
For The Management Of Surface And Groundwater
Resources In Erode District Tamilnadu" ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 104-113 , 2016.
[37]. T.Subramani, A.Kumaravel , " Analysis Of Polymer
Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements By Using
ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 132-139 , 2016 .
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
[38]. T.Subramani, S.Sounder , " A Case Study And
Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using GIS"
, International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 125-134 , 2016.
[39]. T.Subramani, R.Praburaj , " Pushover Anaylsis Of
Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Buildings By Using
SAP" , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 140-147 , 2016 .
[40]. T.Subramani, K.Kalpana , " Ground Water
Augmentation Of Kannankuruchi Lake, Salem,
TamilNadu Using GIS – A Case Study " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 210-221 , 2016.
[41]. T.Subramani, C.Karthikeyan, S.Priyanka , " Impact
Of Solid Waste In Open Dumping And Its Effects Of
Groundwater And Soil " , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017
, pp. 251-262 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[42]. T.Subramani, S.Jayaraj, S.Priyanka , " Impact Of
Temperature And Its Effects In Hydrology In
Yercaud Hill " , International Journal of Emerging
Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp.
138-147 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[43]. T.Subramani, V.Rajkumar, S.Priyanka , " Treatment
Of Dairy Waste Water From Salem Aavin Using
Natural Coagulants " , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017
, pp. 263-273 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[44]. T.Subramani, M.P.Ravichandran, S.Priyanka , "
Industrial Use Of Corbondioxide From Mineral
Carbonation A Case Study From Magnesite From
Salem " , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM),
Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 285-293 , ISSN
2319 - 4847.
[45]. T.Subramani, and R. Elangovan, “Planning Of A
Ring Road Formation For Salem Corporation Using
GIS”, International Journal of Engineering
Research And Industrial Applications, Vol.5, No.II,
pp 109-120, 2012
[46]. T.Subramani,,S.Krishnan. andP.K.Kumaresan..,
“Study of Ground Water Quality with GIS
Application for Coonur Taluk In Nilgiri District.”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research,Vol.2, No.3, pp 586-592, 2012.
[47]. T.Subramani, and S.Nandakumar,,“National Highway
Alignment Using Gis” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2,
Issue.4, pp 427-436, 2012.
[48]. T.Subramani, and P.Malaisamy,“Design of Ring
Road For Erode District Using GIS”, International
Journal of Modern Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.4,
pp 1914 - 1919,2012.
Page 145
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
[49]. T.Subramani.,P.Krishnamurthi., “Geostatical
Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by
Using GIS”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.165-172, 2014.
[50]. T.Subramani., T.Manikandan., “Analysis Of Urban
Growth And Its Impact On Groundwater Tanneries
By Using Gis”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.274-282, 2014.
[51]. T.Subramani., P.Someswari, “Identification And
Analysis Of Pollution In ThirumaniMuthar River
Using Remote Sensing”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
6( Version 2), pp.198-207, 2014.
[52]. T.Subramani.,S.Krishnan., C.Kathirvel. S.K.Bharathi
Devi., “National Highway Alignment from Namakkal
to Erode Using GIS” , International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue
8( Version 6), pp.79-89, 2014.
[53]. T.Subramani., A.Subramanian.,C.Kathirvel.,S.K.
Bharathi Devi., “ Analysis and Site Suitability
Evaluation for Textile Sewage Water Treatment Plant
in Salem Corporation, Tamilnadu Using Remote
Sensing Techniques” , International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications , Vol. 4, Issue
8( Version 6), pp.90-102, 2014.
[54]. T.Subramani. C.T.Sivakumar., C.Kathirvel.,
S.Sekar.,” Identification Of Ground Water Potential
Zones In Tamil Nadu By Remote Sensing And GIS
Technique” International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications , Vol. 4 , Issue 12(Version
3), pp.127-138, 2014.
[55]. T.Subramani.,S.Sekar., C.Kathirvel. C.T. Sivakumar,
“Geomatics Based Landslide Vulnerability Zonation
Mapping - Parts Of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu,
India”, International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 3), pp.139-
149, 2014.
[56]. T.Subramani.,S.Sekar., C.Kathirvel. C.T. Sivakumar,
”Identification Of Soil Erosion Prone Zones Using
Geomatics Technology In Parts Of North Arcot And
Dharmapuri District”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue
12(Version 3), pp.150-159, 2014
[57]. T.Subramani, R.Vasantha Kumar, C.Krishnan
“Air Quality Monitoring In Palladam Taluk Using
Geo Spatial Data”, International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research (IJAER),Volume
10, Number 32, Special Issues pp.24026-
24031,2015
[58]. T.Subramani,”Identification Of Ground Water
Potential Zone By Using GIS”, International Journal
of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume
10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015
[59]. T.Subramani, M.Sivagnanam , " Suburban Changes
In Salem By Using Remote Sensing Data" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
Issue 5, May 2015 , pp. 178-187 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
2015
[60]. T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Drainage And Irrigation
Management System For Salem DistTamilnadu Using
GIS" , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 199-210 , 2015
[61]. T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Land Slides Hazardous
Zones By Using Remote Sensing And GIS" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Issue 5, pp. 211-222 , 2015
[62]. T.Subramani, D.Pari, “Highway Alignment Using
Geographical Information System” , IOSR Journal
of Engineering, Volume 5 ~ Issue 5 ,Version 3, pp
32-42, 2015
[63]. T.Subramani, G.Raghu Prakash , " Rice Based
Irrigated Agriculture Using GIS" , International
Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3,
pp. 114-124 , 2016.
[64]. T.Subramani, E.S.M.TamilBharath , " Remote
Sensing Based Irrigation And Drainage Management
System For Namakkal District" , International Journal
of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer
Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 071-080 ,
2016.
[65]. T.Subramani, A.Janaki , " Identification Of Aquifer
And Its Management Of Ground Water Resource
Using GIS In Karur" , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 081-092 , 2016.
[66]. T.Subramani, C.Kathirvel , " Water Shed
Management For Erode District Using Gis " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 093-103 , 2016.
[67]. T.Subramani, A.Kumaravel , " Analysis Of Polymer
Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements By Using
ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 132-139 , 2016 .
[68]. T.Subramani, S.Sounder , " A Case Study And
Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using GIS"
, International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 125-134 , 2016.
[69]. T.Subramani, K.M.Vijaya , " Planning And Design
Of Irrigation System For A Farm In Tanjavur By
Using Remote Sensing" , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 135-146, 2016.
[70]. T.Subramani, G.Kaliappan , " Water Table Contour
For Salem District Tamilnadu using GIS" ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 147-158 , 2016.
[71]. T.Subramani, K.Kalpana , " Ground Water
Augmentation Of Kannankuruchi Lake, Salem,
Page 146
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018
TamilNadu Using GIS – A Case Study " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) ,
Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 210-221 , 2016.
[72]. T.Subramani, T.Dhanalakshmi, S.Priyanka , "
Rainfall Screening Methodology For Salem Hill
Using TRMM Method " , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp.
118-125 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[73]. T.Subramani, L Syed Sharukh, S.Priyanka , " Water
Resource Planning And Implementation For Chennai
Metro Using GIS " , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp.
126-137 , ISSN 2278-6856
[74]. T.Subramani, S.Jayaraj, S.Priyanka , " Impact Of
Temperature And Its Effects In Hydrology In
Yercaud Hill " , International Journal of Emerging
Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp.
138-147 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[75]. T.Subramani, K.K.VenkatachalaMoorthy, S.Priyanka
, " Assessment Of Impact On Aquaculture Using
Remote Sensing Data And Gis In Tiruchendur " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS),
Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 157-166 ,
ISSN 2278-6856.
[76]. T.Subramani, R.K.Sridhar, S.Priyanka , " Natural
Fibre As Soil Stabilizer For Construction " ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6,
Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 274-284 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[77]. T.Subramani, M.A.Chitra, S.Priyanka , "
Management Of Rainwater And Its Conjuctive Use In
Kolli Hill Area Using Remote Sensing " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS),
Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 167-175 ,
ISSN 2278-6856.
[78]. T.Subramani, K.Sukumar, S.Priyanka , " Sugar Cane
Modeling Using GIS And Remote Sensing For
Perambalur District " , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp.
208-218 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[79]. T.Subramani, K.S.Balaji, S.Priyanka , " Assessment
Of Ground Water Quality In And Around Thuraiyur
Taluk By Using Remote Sensing " , International
Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3,
May - June 2017 , pp. 219-228 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[80]. T.Subramani, K.Ashok Kumar, A.Ganesan, P.Senthil,
G.Gunasekar , " Design And Management Of Mettur
Dam By Predicting Seepage Losses Using Remote
Sensing " , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM),
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018
ISSN 2278-6856
Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 327-336 , ISSN
2319 - 4847.
[81]. T.Subramani, G.Thulasirajan, S.Priyanka , "
Appraisal Of Kanjamalai Iron Ore Deposit Using
Remote Sensing And Geographical Information
System " , International Journal of Emerging Trends
& Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS),
Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 229-240 ,
ISSN 2278-6856.
[82]. T.Subramani, N.Ellavarasi , S.Priyanka , " Ring Road
Alignment For Thuraiyur Using GIS " , International
Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3,
May - June 2017 , pp. 241-251 , ISSN 2278-6856.
AUTHOR
Prof.Dr.T.Subramani Working as a Professor
and Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV
Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions
Research Foundation (Deemed to be
University),Salem,TamilNadu, India. Having
more than 28 years of Teaching experience in
Various Engineering Colleges. He is a
Chartered Civil Engineer and Approved Valuer for many banks.
Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of Civil Engineering
branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses
of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in
Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Valuers. Life
member in number of Technical Societies and Educational
bodies. Guided more than 420 students in UG projects and 300
students in PG projects. He is a reviewer for number of
International Journals and published 201 International Journal
Publications and presented more than 55 papers in International
Conferences. Also presented more than 45 papers in National
conferences and published 4 books.
S.Sekar Completed his Master of
Technology (M.Tech) in the Branch of
Remote sensing & GIS at Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirappalli, Currently he is
working as a Associate Professor at
V.M.K.V. Engineering College at Salem-
308. Tamil Nadu, India. His work focuse
specifically on the Remote sensing and GIS Mapping. His
hobbies such as Listening Music, Playing volley Ball.
J. Kotteswaran is persuing B.E Under
graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at
V.M.K.V. Engineering College, Vinayaka
missions University, Salem. His hobbies are
playing Cricket, drawing , Swimming and
cycling.
I. Bosco Completed his Diploma in
Architecture at Thigrajar Polytechnic
College, Salem, Tamil nadu. Currently he is
persuing B.E Under graduate in the branch
of Civil Engineering at V.M.K.V.
Page 147
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

Engineering College, Vinayaka missions University ,

Salem- Tamil nadu. His present activities such as Wind
power generation and Emergency door rejecting system.

Geo.J.Anand is persuing B.E Under

graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering
at V.M.K.V. Engineering College, Vinayaka
missions University, Salem. His hobbies is
Listening Music, Cricket, Volley ball and
Browsing internet.

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 148