Group 2H

Handy Priyo Nurjuliyanto (50289)

Ika Christikarina Anak Saran (51590)
Jong Chun Seng (52060)
Nurfitri Syahirah Binti Bunamad (53351)
Yasmin Binti Yazid (54249)
* Costs less to install. A new septic system will often cost significantly less than the
installation of sewage pipes on a residential property. A septic system can be an
especially cost-effective option if your house sits on a property of more than one
acre.
* No monthly cost. Due to the fact that septic systems run independently on each
residential property, they don't carry any of the monthly costs associated with city-
operated sewage systems.
* Long lasting / rarely needs to be replaced. A properly installed and well-
maintained septic tank can be counted on to last for the full duration of a
residential occupancy.
* Cuts pollution. Septic tanks cut pollution by making use of drainfields and
leachfields, which serve as natural filters. Before wastewater reaches the soil, the
contents are strained through the septic tank. By the time the water enters the
field, any bacteria have been removed.
* Helps local plant / wildlife. The method in which septic tanks recycle water is
beneficial to nearby flora and fauna. Once it's been released into the soil, the
water spurs plant growth, which in turn provides food for nearby tree squirrels,
insects and birds.
*Concrete septic tanks. A septic tank made of concrete will usually last for
several decades
*Steel septic tanks. Septic tanks made of steel are prone to rust and
generally last no longer than 25 years.
*Fiberglass septic tanks. Septic tanks made of fiberglass are not prone to
the main weaknesses of concrete and steel tanks. Unlike concrete,
fiberglass tanks don't crack, and in contrast to steel tanks, fiberglass tanks
are rust-proof.
*Aerobic septic tank. Running on electricity, aerobic septic tanks are often
installed when prior tanks have failed on a given property. Aerobic tanks
cost up to three times what other septic tank types normally sell for, but
they offer higher efficiency and necessitate smaller drain fields.
* Need maintenance. One of the main cons of septic systems is their need for
maintenance. Every three to five years, a septic tank must be pumped to prevent
backups and overflow.
* Sometimes they must be replaced. Unlike sewer systems, septic systems lack the
capacity to handle sewage amounts above a certain threshold. Consequently, a
septic system can fail if it's overloaded with too much sewage. When this happens,
the cleanup process can be difficult and costly.
* Rust is the enemy of metal. Rust is dangerous to sewage piping, which needs to be
replaced — whether in part or in full — when corrosion takes hold. The following
problems are indicators of septic system corrosion:
* Leaky pipes. When pipes leak and there's nothing to indicate damage caused by
external sources, look closer and you might find spots where rust has eaten through
the piping.
* Collapsing tank. Perhaps the most dangerous thing that can happen with a septic
system is the collapse of the tank, which is possible on certain models when the
top corrodes and weakens and can no longer support the weight of people or
machines that pass over.
*Another problem just as big as septic backups are system leaks at
the far end. The prime indicators of an overflowing drain field
include:
*Pooling water. When a large puddle forms above or just beyond
the yardage that comprises your drain field, it could be the
product of leaked drain pipes, especially if there's been no rain in
the area.
*Odors. Foul odors engulf the area of your property that sits
above the drain field, it could possibly mean that the soil has
become saturated with black water.
Example Innovative Design of Septic Tank
for Wastewater Treatment
*A bench scale model Septic Tank (ST) operated continuously for 78 day at
different detention time 48, 24, and 12 hours and at two reactor temperature
15°C and 25°C (the purpose to check treatment efficiency)
*Domestic wastewater was fed to the bench scale ST without pre-settling
*Research was conducted under two different arrangement;
- Firstly; by installing baffles in the bench scale ST (called Run-1 setup)
- Secondly by installing perforated plates between the baffles (called Run-2
setup)
 *
* Thus 36 samples were collected and characterized during the course of study
(sample were daily collected)
* Test procedures adopted for each test are shown in Table 1 (Standards Method, 1998)
*
*
*
*
*
*Results demonstrated that Run-2 setup is better than Run-1 setup,
temperature significantly affects the efficiency. Detention time of 24
hour was found feasible.
*Run-2 setup demonstrated a percentage BOD removal 45% with
effluent BOD of 113 mg.L-1 at 15°C and 85% removal with effluent
BOD of 31 mg.L-1 at 25°C
* Following conclusions may be drawn from the study
* (1) Initial startup of the reactor system is very important. Normal initial
startup period of Run-1 is 90 d, but if seeded from settled sludge from
operating septic tank, startup period may reduce to 15 d.
* (2) Run-2 is better than Run-1 in terms of removal efficiencies of TSS,
BOD and COD.
* (3) Run-2, at detention time of 12 h and 24 h and at 25°C meets NEQS
for TSS, BOD and COD. Choice may be made between the two detention
times considering trade-off between costs, area required and enforced
regulation by the concerned housing authority
* (1) 24 hour detention time is recommended for Run-2 setup, for
maximum reduction in BOD level while remaining cost effective.
* (2) Housing authorities in Sarawak are suggested to adopt this new
design for septic tank (Run-2 setup) by inducting it in their by-laws.
* (3) The recommended design criteria for Run-2 setup are as follows;
* a. Detention time 24 h
* b. Upflow Velocity > 1 m·h-1
* c. Length Width Ratio 2:1
* d. Width of Upflow chamber: Downflow chamber 2:1
*It is concluded that if a modified design of ST using Run-2
Setup is provided at household level, the effluent coming
out of the house will meet the National Environmental
Quality Standards (NEQS) when reactor temperature is
close to at 25°C
*Development authorities are suggested to change their by-
laws and make modified ST mandatory for all households.
This may significantly reduce the cost and footprint of city
level wastewater treatment plants being planned.
*
*

* Average household septic tank should be inspected at least every three

years by a septic service professional

* Mechanical components such as pumps should be inspect more often

*
* A single leaky or running toilet can waste as much as 200 gallons
of water per day.

* All of the water household sends down its pipes winds up in the
septic tank

* The more water a household conserves, the less water enters

the septic tank and reduces the risk of failure
*

* Your septic tank is not a trash can.

* Do not flush anything besides human waste and toilet paper

* Avoid chemical drain openers for clogged drain. Instead, use

boiling water or drain snake to remove waste in the clogged
drain.
Haydar, S., Anis, M., Hina, G. E., Aziz, J. A., & Arbi, M. (2018). An
innovative design of septic tank for wastewater treatment and
its performance evaluation: An applicable model for
developing countries. Chinese Journal of Chemical
Engineering.
Mrrooter. (2017). Pros and Cons of a Septic Tank System. Retrieved
from https://www.mrrooter.com/oneida/about- us/blog/2017/
march/pros-and-cons-of-a-septic-tank-system/
THANK YOU