https://www.scribd.

com/document/183379088/AP-Chem-Experiment-2-1-pdf

http://1chemistry.blogspot.my/2011/07/determination-of-activation-energy-for.html

Questions:

1. Indicator is added in purpose to provide a colour which can observe the reaction between the
substrate and reactant easily.

2. Phenol is used to observe the time taken for bromide molecules to react completely with
phenol it bleach the methyl red indicator. Bromide molecule that produced in the reaction of
bromide and bromated which is able to bleach the methyl red immediately. Thus phenol serves
as a media to provide intermediate state and quickly produce tribromophenol and hydrogen
bromide before bleaching the reaction occurs.

3. e-EA/RT For temperature,T=45°C e-50. 72? 103/8. 314? 318 = 4. 661? 10-9 For temperature, T
= 55°C e-50. 72? 103/8. 314? 328 = 8. 365? 10-9 For the reaction alter for 10°C 8. 365? 10-9 = 1.
794679253 4. 661? 10-9 ?2. 0 Therefore, the rate of reaction doubled for every 10°C increase of
temperature.

4. Molarity of phenol = c. V = (0. 01? 10) / 1000 = 0. 0001

Molarity of bromide/bromate = c. V = (0. 05? 10)/1000 = 0. 0005 Ratio of the phenol and
bromide/bromated = 0. 00010. 0001 : 0. 00050. 0001 = 1 : 5 Therefore, 1 mol of phenol can
reacts with 5 mol of bromide/bromate ions. But in experiment, C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H5Br3OH +
3HBr,there are shows that 1 mol of phenol should reacts with 3 moles bromide/bromated only.
That means the bromide/bromated is excess by 2 moles phenol. 5.

5. Activation energy is minimum energy that used to start a reaction. To form a product from
reactants. When the activation energy is doubled, the amount of energy required to overcome
the activation energy that has to be possessed by the reactant have to be doubled too. Thus the
rate of reaction decreases,the higher the activation energy need, the slower of rate of reaction.
In fact, the rate of reaction is actually the rate in which the products formed.

References

1. Writer, B. (2011). Determination of the activation energy for the reaction of bromide and
bromate ions in acid solution. [online] 1chemistry.blogspot.my. Available at:
http://1chemistry.blogspot.my/2011/07/determination-of-activation-energy-for.html [Accessed
3 Jul. 2011].

2. Paragraphica.com. (2018). Lab Experiment. [online] Available at:

https://paragraphica.com/lab-experiment-1368/ [Accessed 2018].

3. Markedbyteachers.com. (n.d.). Investigating the Rate of the Reaction between Bromide and
Bromate Ions in Acid Solution - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.com. [online] Available at:
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/science/investigating-the-rate-of-the-
reaction-between-bromide-and-bromate-ions-in-acid-solution.html.

4. Scribd. (2017). A Level Chemistry Core Practical 14 - Activation Energy and Acid. [online]
Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/348290200/A-Level-Chemistry-Core-Practical-
14-Activation-Energy [Accessed 14 May 2017].

5. Madsci.org. (1998). Determination of activation energy for the reaction between bromide and
bromate ions. [online] Available at: http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1998-
10/908084157.Ch.q.html [Accessed 30 Oct. 1988].

Investigating the Rate of the Reaction between Bromide and Bromate Ions in Acid Solution

In this investigation, I aim to fully investigate the factors affecting the rate of the reaction
between bromide ions and bromate ions in acid solution. The equation of this reaction is given
below:
5Br-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) --> 3Br2 (aq) + 3H2O(l) (Equation 1.0.1)

I will attempt to find the rate equation for the reaction, in the form:

(Equation 1.0.2)

where k is the rate constant and x, y, and z are the orders of reaction with respect to Br-, BrO3-
and H+ respectively. I will also attempt to find a suitable catalyst for the reaction, as well as the
activation enthalpy for the reaction with and without a catalyst.

The reaction is a redox reaction: the bromide is oxidised to bromine and the bromate is reduced
to bromine. This can be shown by the oxidation states of bromide, bromate and bromine:

5Br-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) --> 3Br2 (aq) + 3H2O(l)

Oxidation State: -1 +5 -2 +1 0 +1 -2

I shall be using solutions of Potassium Bromide (KBr) and Potassium Bromate (KBrO3) as sources
of bromide and bromate ions for the reaction, and Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) as a source of H+ ions.
A solution methyl orange shall be used as an indicator, which will change colour from pink (in
acid solution) to colourless when Bromide ions are produced. In order to be able to measure the
amount of time it takes for the indicator to change colour, a small amount of Phenol (C6H5OH) is
added to the solution. Phenol reacts instantly with any Bromine produced, returning bromide
ions:

3Br2 (aq) + C6H5OH(aq) --> C6H2Br3OH(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 3Br-(aq) (Equation 1.0.3)

As soon as all the Phenol has reacted with the Bromine produced, the excess Bromine causes the
methyl orange to change colour. The time it takes for this to happen is proportional to the initial
rate of the reaction between Bromide and Bromate ions.

1) Background Chemistry for the Investigation

1.1 - Rates of Reaction

The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how a property changes in a reaction over time.i
For example, the rate could be measured as the change in concentration of a substance over