APPROVAL SHEET

In
ChE LABORATORY 1
Name: _Cusipag, Jonelou A.____________________
Title of Experiment: Solid-Liquid Extraction of Caffeine from Coffee by Soxhlet Apparatus___________________
Theory Statement of Problem Materials/Equipment and Procedures
Leaching, or solid-liquid extraction, is a process in The experiment aims to answer the following The following are the materials and reagents
which a soluble solute is removed from a solid matrix questions: needed for this experiment:
using a solvent to dissolve the solute. In familiar 1. How much weight of caffeine is extracted a) Thimble or Filter Paper
situations such as making coffee from ground coffee per mL of hexane? b) Round bottom flask,
beans and tea from tea leaves, the complex mixture of 2. What is the concentration of the solution c) Latex tubing
chemicals that give coffee its odor, taste and others are formed before distillation setup? d) Soxhlet extractor
leached from the solids by hot water. (Wankat, 2007) 3. Using Triangular Phase Diagram, what are e) Condenser
There are also other applications of leaching such as the the mass composition of each stream leaving f) Hot plate
recovery of soybean oil (a source of biodiesel) from and entering the setup? g) Analytical Balance
soybean seeds, leaching ores to recover a variety of 4. After Distillation, what is the percentage h) Funnel
minerals, and leaching plant leaves to extract variety of hexane recovered? i) Spatula
pharmaceuticals. By leaching also, an impurity (e.g. j) Iron Stand and Iron clamp
PCB, abandoned armaments) in soil samples can be k) Evaporating Dish
determined l) Beaker
The objective of all extraction processes is to m) Separatory Funnel
dissolve as much of the soluble components as possible n) Stirring rod
with a specific amount of solvent. This is achieved by o) Magnesium oxide (MgO)
constantly vaporising the solvent and allowing it to drip p) Dilute Sulfuric Acid
into the sample from a reflux condenser. Extraction is q) Chloroform
used to transfer a constituent of a liquid to another liquid r) Sodium Hydroxide
(solvent). The term solid-liquid extraction is restricted to Proedure:
those situations in which a solid phase is present and Using a commercial product, 20 g of finely
powdered coffee was obtained and wrapped in a
includes those operations frequently referred to as
leaching, lixiviation and washing (Mccabe, 1993).
Liquid always adheres to the solid which must be
washed to prevent either the loss of solution if the soluble
constituent is the desired material or the contamination
loss of the solids if these are the desired material. The
complete process also includes the separate recovery of
the solute and solvent. This is done by another operation
such as evaporation or distillation (Wlsniak, 1987).
Following studies concerning leaching are
investigated. A study by Dari Linda on the effect of
different solvents for the extraction of soya bean oil were
made in which optimization of maximum oil recoveries
for each solvent are required and an assertion of the
quality of soya oil extract are done. R. Hasanzadeh et.al
also conducted experiments on leaching of starch and
from potato using water as the solvent and in which, the
mass transfer and the protein from the potato were
investigated by proposed parameter models for its
kinetics. A study also by Katz et.al on determination of
fats were investigated on different brands of potato chips
and French fried potatoes from which a comparison on
fat content were made.
Basing from the theory explained and other related
studies, the aim of this experiment is to perform mass
balance to measure the moisture and oil content of potato
chips by solid-liquid extraction (leaching).
Approved by: Engr. CAESAR P. LLAPITAN
Instructor
filter paper placed in Soxhlet extractor. Ethanol
was placed in a flask at the bottom-most part of
the extractor. A filter paper was used as the
porous paper for the extraction to be successful.
The sample was refluxed for two hours until the
alcoholic extract (non with impure caffeine) was
obtained. The solution was cooled to room
temperature.
After cooling, 10 g of MgO was added in 70 mL
water. The solution was frequently stirred under
heat until the solvent has completely evaporated.
Water was once again added and the solution was
boiled one more time. This was done three times
to rinse the extract
Dilute sulfuric acid (2M) was added to the watery
extract and was boiled to evaporate at least 2/3 of
the solution. The remaining hot extract is cooled
down to room temperature. After it was cooled,
the extract was filtered three times with 10mL
chloroform in a separatory funnel. The yellow,
plae, colored solution was once again filtered
after the addition of 2 mL sodium hydroxide
(2M) and 2mL water to remove the distinct color.
The solvent was evaporated and the crude
product was obtained.