MONTHLY MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS

LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 Insulator cleaning
 Connections tightness
 Checking of Earthing connections
 Reading of leakage current on daily basis to be taken. If current shoots in red
zone, then that particular LA is to be replaced as early as possible

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 Checking of Oil level & leakage, rectify the same immediately.
 Checking of Insulation Resistance.
 Power connection tightness.
 Secondary connection tightness.
 Cleaning of Bushings / Insulators.
 Check the proper earthing of Body connection.
 Check the earthing of CT Secondary core star points.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 Checking of oil level & leakage, rectify the same immediately.
 Checking of Insulation Resistance.
 Power connection tightness.
 Secondary connection tightness.
 Cleaning of Bushings / Insulators.
 Check the proper earthing of Body and other end of primary winding.
 Check the secondary fuse condition & replace if required by proper rating

ISOLATORS

 Checking of the male / female contacts for good condition and proper
connections.
 Checking proper alignment of male & female contacts & rectify if required.
 Cleaning of Insulators.
 Cleaning of male/female contacts and apply the petroleum jelly.
 Lubrication of all moving parts on regular basis.
 Tightness of all earthing connections.
 In case of Isolator with Earth switch, check electrical and mechanical interlock
i.e. Isolator can be closed only when E/switch is in open condition & vice versa.
 As Isolators are operated on No load, hence check the interlock with Circuit
Breaker, if provided i.e. Isolators can be operated when Breaker is in OFF
 The motor operating mechanism box, in case of motor operated isolators,
should be checked for inside wiring, terminal connectors, etc.
 Check the Panel indications i.e. semaphore & bulbs if provided (Isolator and
Earth switch - close and open condition) and rectify if required.
CIRCUIT BREAKER

 Tightness of power connections & control wiring connections

 Cleaning of Insulators
 Checking of gas pressure for SF6 circuit breaker (leakages if any)
 Checking of Controls, Interlocks, Protections and mechanical & electrical indications in
local as well as remote.
 Cleaning of Auxiliary switches by CTC or CRC spray and checking its operation

POWER TRANSFORMER

 Tightness of power connections in bushings and control wirings in TRMB/OLTC

 Cleaning of Bushings
 Cleaning of body/radiators/cooling systems
 Check the proper earthing of neutrals/body of the transformer. Tighten the connections.
 Check the color of silica gel. If it is pink, reactivate or replace it. Also ensure proper quantity of oil
in breather oil cup.
 Check oil level in Conservator of Main Tank & OLTC. It should be > ½ level marking.
 Check oil level in Bushings.
 Check for any oil leakage. Arrest leakages, if any.
 Check the working of OTI & WTI by taking hourly temperature readings. There should be
changes in readings as per loading of transformer and atmospheric condition.
 Check the cooling system by making fans / pumps operation by manually.
 Checking of OLTC operation by manually and electrically and local/remote.
 Check the tap position of RTCC panel and OLTC panel. It should have same position number.
 Check the humming noise & vibration of transformer. If any abnormality found, it is to be referred
to concerned manufacturer

BATTERY & CHARGER

 Batteries should be cleaned regularly.

 Cell voltages & Specific gravity is to be recorded as per schedule.
 Batteries should be charged in a well-ventilated place, so that the gases and the
acid fumes are blown away.
 Tighten connections periodically. Apply petroleum jelly to terminals to prevent
corrosion.
 Maintain level of the electrolyte. Add only the distilled water. Add electrolyte
only if some of the electrolyte spills out.

COLORS FOR INTERNAL WIRING

Red - Phase connection,

Yellow - Phase connection,
Blue - Phase connection,
Black `- A.C. neutral connection, DC –ve Circuit, CT & PT Neutral Circuit
Green - Connections to earth
Grey - Connections in D.C.circuit
LETTERS FOR CIRCUIT IDENTIFICATION

A : CT Special Protection Circuit

B : CT Bus bar Protection Circuit
C : CT B/U Protection Circuit
D : CT Metering Circuit
E : PT Circuit
H : AC Supply
J : Main DC
K : DC Control Circuit
L : DC Indication Circuit
M : Motor Circuit
N : OLTC Control Circuit
S : SCADA circuit
U : Spare

NUMBERS FOR RELAY/EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

2 : Time Delay Relay or Timer

21 : Distance Protection Relay
27 : Under Voltage Relay
49 : Winding Temperature Indicator
50/51 : IDMT Over Current Relay with Instantaneous element
50/51N : IDMT Earth Fault Relay with Instantaneous element
52 : AC Circuit Breaker
59 : Over Voltage Relay
62 : Pole Discrepancy Relay with timer
63 : Gas Operated Relay (Buchholz Relay)
64R : Restricted Earth Fault Relay
67 : Directional Over Current Relay
67N : Directional Earth Fault Relay
75 : P.T. selection Relay
80 : DC Supervision Relay
86 : Master Trip / Locking Out Relay
87 : Differential Relay
89 : Line Switch / Isolator (Electrically Operated)
94 : Anti-pumping Relay (For Breaker Control)
95 : Trip Circuit Supervision Relay
96 : Gas Pressure Relay (For Breaker Control)

CLASSIFICATION OF VOLTAGE LEVELS

Low Voltage : Below 1000 Volts LV

Medium high voltage : Between 1000 Volts and 33 KV MV
High Voltage : Above 33 KV and up to 110 KV HV
Extra High Voltage : 220 KV, 400 KV EHV
Ultra High Voltage : 760 KV UHV
 SHIFT HANDING OVER AND TAKING OVER

Following points to be followed before taking over the shift

  Know the earlier shift activities such as work carried out in the
premise, man and machineries used etc

 LC details and pending LC if any such as any LC issued and

time of issue & return, reason of LC and feeder. LC taken by
and authorized by whom.

 Healthiness of the substation such as any faults observed in

previous shift and status

 Previous shift readings. Ensure all readings are taken properly

in previous shift

 Visitor details and instructions if any.

 Ensure all previous shift events are entered in log book and
shift book

Following points to be followed before handing over the shift

 Previous shift activities and its status to be informed.

 LC details such as issue time & return time, or pending LC,

issued by & reason and issued to & authorized by whom, to be
informed

 Status or remarks of the substation in the previous shift to be

informed

 Information to be conveyed about visitors

 Log book & shift book to be shown.

IMPORTANT SHIFT ACTIVITIES

As soon as taking charge following to be observed by shift engineer

and technician.
  All Voltages such as battery, Battery charger, Auxiliary AC, DC
& PT supply
 Transformer tap position, temperature indicators, load
 Pending Line clear
 Oil and Gas levels & acid level in the batteries
 Healthiness of the relays and annunciators
 Any oil or gas leakages in any equipments.
In 1st shift following readings to be taken in Yard
 Surge Monitors of all LA’s
 Circuit Breaker Counter & Gas Monitor
 OLTC Counter
 MOG Oil level
 Oil Level in Conservator
In Battery Bank and Charger following readings to be taken
 Individual Battery Voltage
 Total bank Voltage
 Battery specific Gravity
 AC voltage in Battery Charger
 Float Voltage
 Float Current
 Battery Current

LINE CLEAR PROCEDURE

Before issuing the Line Clear Shift Incharge should concentrate the
following points
  Ensure authorization of person who approached the LC

 Confirm Line, Feeder, Location or equipment of LC required and

reason

 Period of LC required

 Ensure no of persons working in LC

 Ensure availability of necessary tools/materials and proper PPE’s

for working personals

 Issue LC by informing concern incharge of the station

 Open Circuit Breaker of concerned line/feeder/location/equipment

 Open respected Isolators

 Provide proper ground i.e. In case of line Close the Earth switch

 Lock all the equipments which are opened for LC

 Issue the LC no and Time and PTW

 Enter all details in shift register and log book

 Display LC board on control panel and breaker in outdoor yard.

 Please provide separate LC for other approach in the same

feeder/line/equipment/location which is already under LC

While returning the line clear staffs should concentrate the following points

 Ensure LC No, time and name of the person

 Check the completion of work
 Check all tools/materials which was used for LC job
 Confirm no men are in line/feeder/location/equipment
 Ensure that there are no other line clear permits pending on the
same line / equipment
 Open all the Earth, close respective isolator and breaker
 Check the status of line/feeder/location/equipment after re start
 Enter all particulars, time of return and status of work in shift
register log book

DO’S AND DON’T IN SUBSTATION

DO’S
  Before opening any isolator, ensure that the concerned circuit breaker is in
open condition; ensure all the 3 phases of the isolator are fully open.
 Whenever transformer/incomer breaker trips or grid failure, hand trip all the
concerned outgoing feeder breakers before test charging the
transformer/incomer breaker.
 Record all necessary readings in every hour.
 Keep vigil on the over voltage /overloading of the equipments.
 Always maintain battery/DC supply at 110 – 120 V.
 Always be in communication with station incharge/authorized persons related
to the station

DON’T
 Do not open any G.O.S on load, without opening the circuit breaker.
 Do not close any G.O.S before opening the concerned circuit breaker during
Changeover.
 Do not close earth switch of the G.O.S unless respective circuit breakers and
G.O.S are open and also ensure that there is no back feeding on the line.
 Do not operate breakers when air and gas pressure is below operating value.
 Do not operate G.O.S and circuit breakers manually without wearing safety
gloves etc.
 Do not keep power transformer in charged conditions during abnormal
readings of winding and oil temperature.
 Do not allow workmen to attend any work without line clear and without the
equipment being, perfectly earthed and after discharging the equipments.
 Do not issue L.C on EHV lines without obtaining NO BACK FEED
CERTIFICATES from the other end.
 Do not use bare fingers or hands to determine whether a circuit is alive.
 Do not issue L.C permit by just hand tripping the breaker.
 Do not test charge power transformer in case it trips on buchholz
relay/differential relay/REFR.
 Do not neglect any annunciation until the problem is set right.
 Do not test charge any line or equipment without resetting the concerned
relays and annunciation.
 Do not forget to switch on the battery charger after attending the problems
related to D.C supply.
 Do not keep CT circuits open after attending any problem related to CT
circuit/Testing of CT or relays
 Do not leave the premises until the station charge is properly handed over to
the next shift-in-charge.