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Marine Solutions & Feed Technology LLC., 4110 E. Colt Shadow Ln., Spring, Texas 77386
t-samocha@tamu.edu; tzachi.samocha@gmail.com
Prilabsa Workshop 7/4/2017, Langomorro GPMYC, Ecuador
http://www.was.org/Shopping/was-books
Shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei
Demonstrate the e manual capabilities
http://www.was.org/Shopping/was-books
Why Nursery
Systems can be optimized to provide improved
survival, WQ, feed quality & feed management
for production of healthy juveniles with high
compensatory growth with increased profitability
Can serve as a primary quarantine
Can prevent losses to WSSV when operated at
high temperatures (>30oC)
In temperate climate it can extends production
season
Practices to Minimize Disease In GO Ponds
Positive disease ID
Implementation of biosecurity protocol
Individual screening of breeding populations
Elimination of infected PL at the hatchery level
Stock ponds with juveniles - Avoid direct stocking
Detailed pond preparation process
Isolation and use of beneficial bacteria
Monitoring Vibrio (water, shrimp)
Minimizing water exchange
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Factors affecting nursery systems size
PL Needs (quantity & size)
Available Water (volume & quality),
electricity, aeration & mixing capacity
System Carrying Capacity (kg/m3)
Earthen vs. Lined Tanks
Greenhouse-enclosed vs. Outdoor
Available WQ Control Tools
Water Exchange vs. No Exchange
Water Table & Soil Type
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Intake & Water delivery system
Use of a Reservoirs
Incoming Water Treatment
• Sedimentation, Mechanical filtration, Foam
fractionation, Chlorination, Hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2), Ozonation, UV
Tank Water Depth
Center Partition (material & positioning)
Freeboard & Netting Considerations
Outdoor Nursery Systems - Limitations
Temp Fluctuations
Direct Sunlight & Light Intensity
Algal Blooms & pH Fluctuation
Mixing & Oxygenation
Feed Management
Water Exchange
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Greenhouse Structures & Covers
• Construction Material
• Temperature Consideration
• Salinity changes
• Light Intensity
• Biosecurity
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Shapes
• Circular
• Square
• Rectangular
• Raceway
Impact on Management
Filter Pipes & Mesh Sizes
Bottom Slope
Outlet Diameter
Implications
Introduction
Under limited exchange conditions, nursery water
have excess inorganic/organic nutrients & particulate
matter that can be taken up by microorganisms &
serve as a fuel for operating a “floc system”
L. vannamei can grow in reduced water exchange
biofloc-rich water with excellent results
In these systems, shrimp depend on commercial feed
as the primary source of food, while biofloc serve as
supplemental food source
Beyond its nutritional value, biofloc can be managed
to detoxify ammonia & nitrite and to improve water
quality
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Tank Water Level Control (valve vs. swivel
stand-pipe)
Harvest Basin Size & Access
Harvest Method
Nursery Harvest
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Tank Construction Material
• Concrete
• Cinder blocks
• Fiberglass
• Wire mesh rebar
• Wood/Plywood
• Plastic Membranes soil, HDPE, PVC, Hypalon,
CPE, EPDM - Use in Small, Medium, Large
Systems
• Spry-on inert plastic - Expensive!
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Water Oxygenation & Mixing
• Paddlewheels aerators
• Aspirators w/o Venturi
• Fountain-type aerators
• Pump-driven injectors (Venturi, a3)
• Air blower-driven devices (air stones, air diffusers,
airlift pumps)
Factors to consider:
Blower air generation capacity (volume, pressure),
Air delivery & Friction losses (pipes, valves, fittings,
diffusers),
Total air demand
Nursery Systems - Design Criteria
Use of Aero Tube – System Requirements
Recommend air supply: 0.4 cfm/ft
Head losses: 0.1 psi/ft
Bottom cover 3 m span with air feed into
both sides of the diffuser
Total length of Aero-tube lines depends
on the biomass to be maintained in the
tank
Ammonia Production by Shrimp
1. Use of software such as AquaCalc, WQ Map
Manual Feeding
We focused on 4
downward DO trends
and recoveries between
the first (8:30) and the
final feeding (16:30)
Note the cumulative
DO reduction trends
We also looked for
downward trends over
consecutive days
Monitoring Equipment PC
Significant improvement with
installation of YSI 5500 online
DO monitoring system
Lab Computer
AquaManager software (Windows
based, 2000 or XP)
Recent trial:
Nursery performance of the
Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus
vannamei fed two dietary regimes
in a zero-exchange, biofloc system
Small Scale Nursery
Study to evaluate the effect of feeding two
dietary regimes on Litopenaeus vannamei
post-larvae performance in a biofloc-
dominated nursery system operated with no
water exchange
Study the changes in selected water quality
indicators throughout the nursery trial, and
To monitor changes in Vibrio populations
during the study
PL & Growing Conditions
RWs were filled with chlorinated (5 ppm) NSW &
10% aged NSW inoculated with nitrifying bacteria
(KI Nitrifier™ Keeton Industries, Wellington, CO)
Salinity adjusted to & maintained at 30 ppt
RWs stocked with Fast-Growth/Taura Resistant
(Shrimp Improvement Systems, Islamorada, FL),
PL5-10 (0.94±0.56 mg; CV: 59.65%!) at 675/m3
RWs were operated with no water exchange (FW to
compensate for losses to evaporation)
62 days study duration
Feed Management & Rations
Feed: 24/7 via belt feeders Feed Table for the 1st 8 days
Rations during the 1st 8-d Day EZ-Art (%) Dry (%)
based on feeding table 1 50 + 50 100
2 50 + 50 100
From Day 9, in addition to
3 50 + 50 30 + 70
feeding table, rations were
4 40 + 60 30 + 70
established based on 2/wk
5 40 + 60 30 + 70
growth sampling, assumed
6 20 + 80 100
FCR, expected growth,
7 20 + 80 100
0.5%/wk mortality, and
8 10 + 90 100
actual feed consumption
Feed & Feed Management
Zeigler Bros. Inc.
EST WEIGHT GAIN GAIN SUR NUMBER BIOMASS FCR FCR FEED TOT FEED FEED/D Total/D Wet G Total/D Dry
DAY STAGE EZ Art (%) Dry Diet+ (%) TYPE
TEMP. g % g % ANIMALS kg DAILY CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY Grams G Dry Wt. wt wt
24.5 1 PL 12 0.0015 26 100.0 286,000 0.43 0.8 24X 89 89.2 50% 165.2 50% 44.6 EZ ART,RW <400,
2 PL 13 0.0019 26 0.0004 97.0 277,420 0.52 0.8 0.94 24X 194 104.9 50% 194.2 50% 52.4 EZ ART,RW <400,
3 PL 14 0.0024 25 0.0005 96.7 276,627 0.65 0.8 0.86 24X 325 130.7 50% 242.0 75% 98.0 EZ ART,RW <400,
4 PL 15 0.0030 25 0.0006 96.4 275,837 0.81 0.8 0.84 24X 481 156.4 25% 144.8 100% 156.4 EZ ART,RW <400,
5 PL 16 0.0037 24 0.0007 96.2 275,049 1.01 0.8 0.83 24X 675 193.4 25% 179.1 100% 193.4 EZ ART,RW <400,
6 PL 17 0.0045 24 0.0009 95.9 274,263 1.25 0.8 0.83 24X 914 239.1 25% 221.4 100% 239.1 EZ ART,RW <400,
7 PL 18 0.0056 24 0.0011 95.6 273,479 1.54 0.8 0.82 24X 1,209 295.6 10% 109.5 100% 295.6 EZ ART,RW <400,
25.5 8 PY 19 0.0070 24 0.0014 95.3 272,698 1.90 0.8 0.82 24X 1,575 365.6 10% 135.4 100% 365.6 EZ ART,RW <400,
9 PL 20 0.0087 24 0.0017 95.1 271,919 2.35 0.8 0.82 24X 2,027 452.0 0% 0.0 100% 452.0 EZ ART,RW <400,
10 PL 21 0.0107 24 0.0021 94.8 271,142 2.91 0.8 0.82 24X 2,586 558.9 0% 0.0 100% 558.9 RW 400-600,
11 PL 22 0.0133 24 0.0026 94.5 270,367 3.60 0.8 0.82 24X 3,277 691.0 0% 0.0 100% 691.0 RW 400-600,
12 PL 23 0.0165 24 0.0032 94.3 269,595 4.45 0.8 0.81 24X 4,131 854.4 Total 1391.6 100% 854.4 RW 400-600,
13 PL 24 0.0205 24 0.0040 94.0 268,825 5.50 0.8 0.81 24X 5,188 1,056.4 EZ ART 100% 1,056.4 RW 400-600,
14 PL 25 0.0254 24 0.0049 93.7 268,057 6.80 0.8 0.81 24X 6,548 1,360.7 100% 1,360.7 RW 400-600,
27.4 15 PL 26 0.0317 25 0.0063 93.5 267,291 8.48 0.8 0.81 24X 8,244 1,696.0 100% 1,696.0 RW 400-600,
16 PL 27 0.0397 25 0.0079 93.2 266,527 10.57 0.8 0.81 24X 10,358 2,113.9 100% 2,113.9 RW 600-850
17 PL 28 0.0496 25 0.0099 92.9 265,765 13.17 0.8 0.81 24X 12,993 2,634.9 100% 2,634.9 RW 600-850
18 PL 29 0.0620 25 0.0124 92.7 265,006 16.42 0.8 0.81 24X 16,277 3,284.2 100% 3,284.2 RW 600-850
19 PL 30 0.0775 25 0.0155 92.4 264,249 20.47 0.8 0.81 24X 20,371 4,093.5 100% 4,093.5 RW 600-850
20 PL 31 0.0968 25 0.0194 92.1 263,494 25.51 0.8 0.81 24X 25,473 5,102.2 100% 5,102.2 RW 600-850
21 PL 32 0.1210 25 0.0242 91.9 262,741 31.80 0.8 0.81 24X 31,832 6,359.6 9,516.4 MP 1mm
28.2 22 PL 33 0.1513 25 0.0303 91.6 261,990 39.63 0.8 0.81 24X 39,759 7,926.7 10,295.6 MP 1mm
23 PL 34 0.1891 25 0.0378 91.3 261,242 49.40 0.8 0.81 24X 49,639 9,880.1 11,071.6 MP 1mm
24 PL 35 0.2364 25 0.0473 91.1 260,495 61.57 0.8 0.81 24X 61,954 12,314.8 MP 1mm
25 PL 36 0.2955 25 0.0591 90.8 259,751 76.75 0.8 0.81 24X 77,918 15,963.6 MP 1mm
26 PL 37 0.3723 26 0.0768 90.6 259,009 96.43 0.8 0.81 24X 97,974 20,056.6 MP 1mm
27 PL 38 0.4691 26 0.0968 90.3 258,269 121.15 0.8 0.81 24X 123,173 25,199.1 MP 1mm
28 PL 39 0.5910 26 0.1220 90.0 257,531 152.21 0.8 0.81 24X 154,834 31,660.2 MP 1.5mm
29 29 PL 40 0.7447 26 0.1537 89.8 256,795 191.24 0.8 0.81 24X 194,612 39,777.9 MP 1.5mm
30 PL 41 0.9383 26 0.1936 89.5 256,062 240.27 0.8 0.81 24X 244,588 49,976.9 MP 1.5mm
31 PL 42 1.1823 26 0.2440 89.3 255,330 301.88 0.8 0.81 24X 307,379 62,791.0 MP 1.5mm
32 PL 43 1.4897 26 0.3074 89.0 254,600 379.28 0.8 0.81 24X 386,270 78,890.6 MP 2mm
33 PL 44 1.8770 26 0.3873 88.8 253,873 476.53 0.8 0.81 24X 485,388 99,118.1 MP 2mm
34 PL 45 2.3651 26 0.4880 88.5 253,148 598.71 0.8 0.81 24X 609,920 124,532.0 MP 2mm
35 PL 46 2.98 26 0.6149 88.3 252,424 752.22 0.8 0.81 24X 637,000 27,080.0 MP 2mm
Belt Feeders
Valve
Optical DO Probe
Two 2 HP Pumps
Center Partition
a3 Injector
Filter Pipe Filter Pipe
Filter Pipe
Drain
FF
Solid/Water Separator
1.5 3.0
1 2.0
0.5 1.0
0 0.0
1 20 32 37 42 47 52 57 1 20 32 37 42 47 52 57 62
Days Days
600 35
TSS SS
500 30
B1 B2
B1 B2 25
400
SS (mL L-1)
TSS (mg L-1)
20
300
15
200
10
100 5
0 0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61
Days Days
62-d Nursery Trial – 100 m3 RWs
Total Vibrio
Green colony-forming 14,000
12,000
Vibrio concentrations 10,000
B1 B2
CFU mL-1
remained below 50 CFU/mL 8,000
the trial 0
1 5 10 14 17 21 24 28 28 31 38 42 45 49 52 56 59
Day
12,000
Total Vibrio B1/B2
Mean Yellow-Colony Forming
10,000
Mean Green-Colony Forming
CFU mL-1
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1 5 10 14 17 21 24 28 28 31 38 42 45 49 52 56 59
Day
Summary of nursery production in two 100 m3
raceways with Litopenaeus vannamei stocked at
540 PL5-10/m3
0 4/16/11 90 18 180 180 400 AQUAXEL 300-600 100 27.1 7.9 0.016 6.8 0.08
1 4/17/11 90 19 180 180 1,550 AQUAXEL 300-600 100 28.5 6.5
2 4/18/11 90 20 180 180 1,800 AQUAXEL 800 100 28.3 6.5 0.031 13.2 0.15
3 4/19/11 90 21 180 180 1,800 AQUAXEL 800 100 29.4 6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23 5/9/11 90 41 0 270 270 13,200 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1/VIMIFOS RACEW. 50 / 50 30.9 4.6 245 7.3 0.13 6.80 0.26 3.40 0.422 179.4 2.09
24 5/10/11 90 42 0 450 450 13,200 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1/VIMIFOS RACEW. 50 / 50 30.7 4.5 230 7.3 0.04 2.20 0.95 2.60
25 5/11/11 90 43 0 450 450 13,200 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1/VIMIFOS RACEW. 50 / 50 30.2 4.5 240 7.4 0.05 2.40 2.37 1.20
26 5/12/11 90 44 0 450 450 13,200 VIM. MIJ 1/ EPACK NL / STRES P. 8/12 60 / 20 /20 26.5 4.9 185 7.5 0.17 7.10 0.50 4.50
27 5/13/11 90 45 0 0 0 13,200 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1 / EPACK NL 70 / 30 27.2 4.7 210 7.3 0.12 7.00 0.82 0.80 0.545 231.6 2.69
28 5/14/11 90 46 0 0 0 12,600 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1 / EPACK NL 70 / 30 26.7 4.6 230 7.3 0.08 5.10 0.99 0.75
29 5/15/11 90 46 0 0 0 12,600 VIMIFOS MIGAJA 1 / EPACK NL 71 / 30 26.5 4.8 0.707 221.7 2.58
3
TK 4 Stocking: 425,000 PL18 Density: 5 PL/L Survival: 0.74% FCR 0.88 Final Weight: 0.707 g Yield: 2.58 kg/m
Nursery Performance - Commercial Farms
Naturisa, Ecuador (120 m3 RWs, 8.3 PL/L)
3
Tank Timeo Nauplii Hatchery Probiotic PL/g T0 Av. Wt. (g) Sur. PL/g Tn Wt.Tn (g) kg/m DOC FCR
JS1 5-Sep AQUATROPICAL CULTRIANZA NATURISA (200 ppm) 320 0.003 87.0% 23 0.043 0.30 14 1.31
JS1 8-Oct MBDP5 LQ NATURISA (200 ppm) 135 0.007 54.3% 14 0.071 0.35 14 1.52
JS1 24-Oct ASQC15 AS NATURISA (200 ppm) 100 0.010 86.3% 20 0.050 0.50 12 1.22
JS1 4-Nov TEXCUMAR JAIME SILVA NATURISA (400 ppm) 184 0.005 31.1% 55 0.018 0.08 11 3.06
JS1 2-Dec SM JAIME SILVA NAT(500)+ACAQUA 170 0.006 70.1% 16 0.063 0.38 14 0.87
JS2 13-Sep MB Q H5C MB NATURISA (200 ppm) 126 0.008 77.9% 11 0.091 0.57 11 1.03
JS2 9-Oct MBQH5C/Z14 LQ NATURISA (200 ppm) 140 0.007 97.6% 19 0.053 0.46 13 0.87
JS2 4-Nov TEXCUMAR JAIME SILVA NATURISA (400 ppm) 184 0.005 24.8% 42 0.024 0.08 11 2.92
JS2 27-Nov MBDP10 LQ NAT(500)+ACAQUA 235 0.004 81.4% 25 0.040 0.29 12 0.88
JS3 5-Sep AQUATROPICAL CULTRIANZA NATURISA (200 ppm) 306 0.003 94.3% 19 0.053 0.40 14 0.97
JS3 10-Oct MBQH5C LQ NATURISA (200 ppm) 165 0.006 86.7% 17 0.059 0.49 12 0.78
JS3 3-Nov TEXCUMAR JAIME SILVA NATURISA (400 ppm) 176 0.006 43.8% 29 0.034 0.14 11 0.90
JS3 29-Nov MBDP3/DP5 LQ ECOVITA H 171 0.006 97.7% 35 0.029 0.24 10 1.02
JS4 5-Sep AQUATROPICAL CULTRIANZA NATURISA (200 ppm) 306 0.003 96.6% 15 0.067 0.52 15 0.85
Nursery Performance - Commercial Farms
Two-Phase Inland Farm-Biosoles, Mexico
Pond Stocking Size Harvest Survival Yield Yield
2 DOC WKs FCR
(ha) (/ha) (/m ) (g) Size (g) (%) (kg/Pond) (kg/ha)
0.2 1.1x106 112 0.5 81 11.6 16.46 76.7 2,820 14,100 1.42
0.2 1.1x106 109 0.22 88 12.6 11 58.2 1,396 6,980 2.06*
0.2 1x106 103 0.26 81 11.6 12.96 70.9 1,884 9,420 1.55
0.6 1x106 100 0.24 81 11.6 12 71.2 5,140 8,567 1.18
2 0.9x106 90 0.45 85 12.1 10.55 67.8 12,818 6,409 1.44
2 0.9x106 89 0.55 76 10.9 10.01 73.1 13,056 6,528 1.57
2 0.9x106 91 0.62 72 10.3 10 87.4 15,929 7,965 1.33
0.5 1.1x106 104 0.24 94 13.4 13.42 73.3 5,116 10,232 1.18
0.5 1.1x106 101 0.33 91 13 13.2 75.5 5,031 10,062 1.29
0.5 1.1x106 104 0.34 87 12.4 12.14 86 5,408 10,816 1.21
0.5 1.1x106 104 0.26 87 12.4 12.23 79.2 5,045 10,090 1.3
0.5 0.9x106 97 0.27 86 12.3 13.63 37.2 2,460 4,920 1.82**
0.5 1.1x106 100 0.29 86 12.3 14.57 59.1 4,305 8,610 1.3
0.5 1.1x106 102 0.25 91 13 11.97 69.3 4,249 8,498 1.23
0.5 1x106 102 0.32 93 13.3 12.26 66.8 4,174 8,348 1.23
Av. 1x106 101 0.34 85 12.2 12.4 73.5 8,770 1.33
Aeration: 36 hp/ha; Salinity: 8 ppt – well water; Pump: 50 HP – 432 m3/h * Power loss ** BG algae
Information provided by Mr. Neil Gervais, Primo Broodstock, Texas
Direct vs. Nursery Juveniles - Economic Benefit
Direct Stocking (PL) Stocking Juveniles
Stocking Density (Shrimp/m2): 120 90
PL Cost ($/1,000): 1.80 4.50
Cost of shrimp relative to PL Cost: 0.073 0.136
Survival: 0.45 0.60
Size at harvest (g): 25.00 25.00
Total Number of harvested shrimp (Shrimp/m2/yr): 54 YEAR 54 YEAR
Yield (lbs./ha/yr): 2,970 5,860 2,970 6,570
Sale ($/ha/day): 36.12 71.27 40.50 89.59
FCR: 2.40 2.10
Feed Cost ($/kg): 0.90 0.90
Cost of Pound of Shrimp relative to Feed Cost: 0.98 0.86
DOC: 185 165
Overhead ($/ha): 1,850 1,650
Operation Cost ($/ha/d): 10 10
Cost of Pound of Shrimp relative to Overhead: 0.623 0.556
Production Cost ($/lb.): 1.677 67% 1.551 62%
Sales ($/lb.): 2.50 Cost ($/lb) 2.50 Cost ($/lb)
Gross Margin ($/lb.): 0.82 3.31 0.95 3.43
Crops (#/yr): 1.97 2.21
Cumulative Gross Margin per Pound: 1.62 2.10
Cumulative Gross Margin per Hectare per Year: 4,820 6,235
Gross Margin per Hectare per Day: 13.21 17.08
Ratio (Sale/Production Cost): 1.49 1.61
Yield (kg/ha/day): 7.30 8.18
Thousand of PL per Hectare divided by 10: 1.2 0.9
Kilogram harvested per thousand stocked divided by 10: 6.08 9.09
Productivity Index: 2.53 4.33
Price of pound is calculated as weight in grams x $0.1
Information provided by Mr. Cordova, Naturisa, Ecuador