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Note
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 1
.AR
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MENTOFCONT
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S:

T
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hes
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narr
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hou
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hou
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1
. Cov
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age

2
. Ce
rti
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icat
e

3
. Ac
knowl
edge
men
t

4
. Abs
tr
act

5
. T
abl
eof
con
ten
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6
. Ch
apt
ers

7
. R
efe
ren
ces

2
. P
AGEDI
MENS
IONANDB
INDI
NGS
PECI
FI
CAT
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T
hes
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3
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REP
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ORMAT
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3
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rPageAspec
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exur
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3
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nex
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B
3
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rti
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3
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3.
5 T abl
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ableof con
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Th
emaint
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3.
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. T
YPI
NGI
NST
RUCT
IONS
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T
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4
.1. NUMBE
RING

E
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4
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IONS

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.1,
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,1.
3,e
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4
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UBS
ECT
IONS

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2,1
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4
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QUAT
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S)/
FOR
MUL
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4
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5 T
EXT
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5
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6
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ARAGR
APHS
PACI
NG

Us
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6
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(
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6
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6
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7 J
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8 MAR
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An
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 S
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AS
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S
SMCOL
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SMCOL
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J
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AB
STR
ACT

KEY
WORDS:DI
Diese
lEngi
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fol
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Mani
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d,He
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ationalflui
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erentt
ypesofinl
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f
olds
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asbeencarr
i
edou t
.Theemploy e
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const
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 An
nex
ure4

CONT
ENT
S

T
it
le P
age

ACKNOWL
EDGE
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vi

CHAP
TER1I
NTR
ODUCT
ION

1
.1 F
lowT
hrou
ghI
nl
etMan
if
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1
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imu
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tat
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idDy
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.5

CHAP
TER2L
ITE
RAT
URES
URVE
Y

2
.1 I
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rodu
cti
on.
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2
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ese
lEn
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owMode
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2
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1 E
ff
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2
.3 Di
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
R
EFE
RENCE.
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.50
L
ISTOFP
UBL
ICAT
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.55
 CHAP
TER1
An
nex
ure5

I
NTR
ODUCT
ION

F
uele
con
omyde
man
dsan
dpol
l
uti
ont
hre
atsh
avepos
eds
eri
ousc
hal
l
enge
stot
he
de
signan
dde
vel
opme
ntofn
ewge
ner
ati
ondi
ese
len
gin
es.T
hepe
rf
orman
cesoft
he
di
ese
len
gin
esar
een
han
cedbypr
ope
rde
signofi
nl
etan
dex
hau
stman
if
ol
ds.I
nth
is,
i
nl
etman
if
ol
dismai
nl
yre
spon
sibl
efori
ndu
cti
ngappr
opr
i
ateamou
ntofai
rin
tot
he
c
yli
nde
r.I
tsh
oul
dbet
hee
nde
avoroft
hede
sign
ert
ose
eth
atmax
imu
mvol
ume
tri
c
e
ff
ic
ien
cyi
sobt
ai
ned.Att
hes
amet
i
me,t
hede
signs
hou
ldbei
nsu
chawayt
hati
t
c
reat
esl
arge
rtu
rbu
len
cean
dswi
r
l.Di
r
ectI
nj
ect
i
on(
DI)di
ese
len
gin
ewi
t
hne
win
tak
e
s
yst
em, t
urboc
har
ger an
d af
te
rtr
eat
men
tar
ran
geme
ntt
ome
etl
at
este
mis
si
on
r
egu
lat
i
onsan
dfu
ele
con
omyi
sfou
ndt
obev
eryat
tr
act
i
vef
orau
tomot
i
veappl
i
cat
i
ons
.

S
imu
lat
i
onofI
Cen
gin
eus
ingCF
Disc
ompar
ati
vel
yqu
it
edi
f
fi
cul
tsi
ncei
tin
vol
ves

c
ompl
ex

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
 An
nex
ure6

R
EFE
RENCE
S
[
1]Abr
aham,J.
,F.
V.Brac
co,andR .
D.Rei
tz(1
9 8
5)Compar
is
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dMe
asu
red
P
remixe
dChar
geEn
gin
eCombus
ti
onCombu
. sti
onandFl
ame
,Vol
.60
,30
9–
3
22 .

[2
]Af
fe
s,H.,N.
Tri
gui
.,D.
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199
8)S
hapeOpt
i
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ati
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CEn
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tsan
d
Chamber
s.S
AEPaperNo.
980
127.

[
3]An
der
son
,J.
D.(
199
5)Co
mpu
tat
i
onal
Flu
idDy
nami
cs.
McGr
awHi
l
l,S
ingapor
e19
95.

[
4]Arc
oumanis
,C.,A.
F.Bi
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aw (1
993)Measur
men
tsi
naMot
ore
dFo
urS
trok
e
R
ec i
proc
ati
ngModelE
ngi
neJ
.our
nalof
F l
ui
dsE
ngine
eri
ng,
Vol
.1
0 4
.

[
5]Ar
cou
mani
s,C.
,J.H.Whit
el
aw,W.He nt
sch
el,K.
P.Schi
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199
4 )Fl
ow andCombu
sti
oni
na
T
rans
pare
nt1
.9L
it
reDir
ect
Inj
ect
ionDi
ese
lEngi
ne.Pr
oc.
Ins
tn.
Mech
.Engrs
.,Vol
.20
8.

[
6]Ar
coumani
s, C.
,Z.Hu
,andJ.
H.Whi
tel
aw (199
3)S t
eady Fl
owChar
act
eri
zat
i
on o
fTu
mbl
e-
Gene
rat
i
n gF
our–Valv
eCy
li
nde
rHe
adsPr
. oc.
I
nst
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.En
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Vol
207.

[
7]Babu
,S .
S.
,P.
I
.Han
eef
,P.
A.Lak
shmi
nar
ayanan,P
. Des
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,andJ.
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ar(
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)
T
woMe thodsf
orI
mpr
ovi
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queofaDi
esel
E n
gineint
heLowSpe
edRange
.SAEPape
rNo.2
005-
26-
0
01 .

[8
]Bal
aji
mopoul
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N.Assan
i,D.
L.Fl
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,S.M.Ace
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05)AF u
ll
y Coupl
ed
Computat
ion
alF l
ui
d Dynamics an
d Mu l
t
i-Zone Modelwith Det
ai
ledChemic
alKine
ti
csfort
he
Si
mu l
at
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emix
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si
onIgni
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on.I
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[9
]Bart
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e,an
dN.P e
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s(2
0 0
0)Computati
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idDynamic
sMode
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Pre
mi x
ed
Combusti
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ectI
nj
ect
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ese
lEngi
ne.P
s roc
ee di
ngsoftheI
Me c
hEVol
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ourn
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[
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Bau
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emper
atu
reReact
i
on s
.But
ter
wor
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[
11]Be
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O.CandM.Mic
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i
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ubGr
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S
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.AEPape
rNo.20
03-01
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08