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CAUSES:
Explain the causes 5 Lecturs & Wht are its
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by the amoeba
of amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica. Likewise amoebiasis is discussion causes?
sometimes incorrectly used to refer to infection with method
other amoebae, but strictly speaking it should be
reserved for Entamoeba histolytica infection.[citation
needed]
Other amoebae infecting humans include:[10]
Parasites
o Dientamoeba fragilis, which causes
Dientamoebiasis
o Entamoeba dispar
o Entamoeba hartmanni
o Entamoeba coli
o Entamoeba polecki
o Entamoeba bangladeshi
o Entamoeba moshkovskii
o Endolimax nana and
o Iodamoeba butschlii.
DIAGNOSIS:
5 Lecture & What is the
With colonoscopy it is possible to detect small ulcers discussion diagnose for
Explain the of between 3–5mm, but diagnosis may be difficult as
the mucous membrane between these areas can look method amoebiasis ?
diagnosis for either healthy or inflamed.[3]
amoebiasis
Asymptomatic human infections are usually diagnosed
by finding cysts shed in the stool. Various flotation or
sedimentation procedures have been developed to
recover the cysts from fecal matter and stains help to
visualize the isolated cysts for microscopic
examination. Since cysts are not shed constantly, a
minimum of three stools are examined. In symptomatic
infections, the motile form (the trophozoite) is often
seen in fresh feces. Serological tests exist, and most
infected individuals (with symptoms or not) test
positive for the presence of antibodies. The levels of
antibody are much higher in individuals with liver
abscesses. Serology only becomes positive about two
weeks after infection. More recent developments
include a kit that detects the presence of amoeba
proteins in the feces, and another that detects ameba
DNA in feces. These tests are not in widespread use
due to their expense.
PREVENTION:
Describe the 10
prevention of To help prevent the spread of amoebiasis around the
home : Lecture n & How can we
amoebiasis
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and hot
discussion prevent
running water for at least 10 seconds after using method amoebiasis
the toilet or changing a baby's diaper, and
before handling food.
Clean bathrooms and toilets often; pay
particular attention to toilet seats and taps.
Avoid sharing towels or face washers.
Describe the
treatment TREATMENT:
E. histolytica infections occur in both the intestine and (in 5 What is the
people with symptoms) in tissue of the intestine and/or
liver. As a result, two different classes of drugs are needed treatment for
Explain the
to treat the infection, one for each location. Such anti- amoebiasis?
prognosis amoebic drugs are known as amoebicides.
Lecture n &
PROGNOSIS: discussion
10
method What’s the
In the majority of cases, amoebas remain in the
gastrointestinal tract of the hosts. Severe ulceration of course of this
the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces occurs in less than
16% of cases. In fewer cases, the parasite invades the medical
soft tissues, most commonly the liver. Only rarely are condition?
masses formed (amoebomas) that lead to intestinal
obstruction.(Mistaken for Ca caecum and appendicular
mass) Other local complications include bloody
diarrhea, pericolic and pericaecal abscess.
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Explain the 5 Lecture n & What is it’s
epidemiology In 2010 it caused about 55,000 deaths worldwide down discussion epidemiology?
from 68,000 in 1990.[In older textbooks it is often stated
that 10% of the world's population is infected with method
Entamoeba histolytica. It is now known that at least 90% of
these infections are due to E. dispar. Nevertheless, this
means that there are up to 50 million true E. histolytica
infections and approximately seventy thousand die each
year, mostly from liver abscesses or other complications.
Although usually considered a tropical parasite, the first
case reported (in 1875) was actually in St Petersburg in
Russia, near the Arctic Circle. Infection is more common in
warmer areas, but this is both because of poorer hygiene
and the parasitic cysts surviving longer in warm moist
conditions. What is the
Lecture n & history of
Describe the HISTORY: Amoebiasis was first described by Lösh in
1875, in northern Russia. The most dramatic incident in the
5 discussion amoebiasis?
history of
US was the Chicago World's Fair outbreak in 1933 caused method
by contaminated drinking water. There were more than a
amoebiasis thousand cases, with 98 deaths. It has been known since
1897 that at least one non-disease-causing species of
Entamoeba existed (Entamoeba coli), but it was first
formally recognized by the WHO in 1997 that E. histolytica
was two species, despite this having first been proposed in
1925. In addition to the now-recognized E. dispar evidence
shows there are at least two other species of Entamoeba
that look the same in humans – E. moshkovskii and
Entamoeba bangladeshi. The reason these species haven't
been differentiated until recently is because of the reliance
on appearance. Joel Connolly of the Chicago Bureau of
Sanitary Engineering brought the outbreak to an end when
he found that defective plumbing permitted sewage to
contaminate drinking water. In 1998 there was an outbreak
of amoebiasis in the Republic of Georgia.Between 26 May
and 3 September 1998, 177 cases were reported, including
71 cases of intestinal amoebiasis and 106 probable cases of
liver abscess. Nicobarese people have attested to the
medicinal properties found in Glochidion calocarpum, a
plant common to India, saying that its bark and seed are
most effective in curing abdominal disorders associated
with amoebiasis.
.
SUMMARY
Today we discussed about “ Amoebiasis “ its sign & symptoms, causes, transmission, diagnosis,
prevention, treatment, prognosis, epidemiology, & history.
CONCLUSION
Hope you might understand“ Amoebiasis “ its sign & symptoms, causes, transmission,
diagnosis, prevention, treatment, prognosis, epidemiology, & history.