TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE

2.0 GENERAL

2.1 Requirements
2.2 Geotechnical Information
2.3 Plan and Profile Drawings

3.0 TRANSMISSION LINE ACCESS ROADS

3.1 Geometric Design Criteria

3.2 Access Roads- Earthwork Requirements
3.3 Road Intersections
3.4 Routes
3.5 Pipeline Crossings

4.0 STRUCTURE PADS

4.1 Design Criteria

4.2 Finger Roads and Pads

5.0 SLOPE PROTECTION AND SAND CONTROL

5.1 Oil or Emulsified Asphalt

5.2 Rip-rap or Concrete Barrier

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

FIGURE TE-2211-0100-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR STEEL TOWER (TT, SA,LA TYPE)
FIGURE TE-2211-0200-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR STEEL TOWER (MA, HA, AS TYPE)
FIGURE TE-2211-0300-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR H-FRAME STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0400-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR MONOPOLE STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0500-00 ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED H-FRAME STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0600-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED MONOPOLE STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0700-00: TYPICAL INTERSECTION
FIGURE TE-2211-0800-00: UNPAVED CROSSING FOR ABOVE GRADE PIPELINES
FIGURE TE-2211-0900-00: FINGER ROAD AND PAD
FIGURE TE-2211-1000-00: FINGER ROAD ALONG MAIN ROAD / HIGHWAY

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 2 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

1.0 SCOPE

This Standard establishes the specific parameters and procedures for the design of unpaved
access roads, structure pads, and slope protection from erosion/ encroachment of
transmission line right-of-ways, for use in the transmission line system of Saudi Electricity
Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia.

2.0 GENERAL

2.1 Requirements

Access to the transmission line right-of-way and along the transmission line requires
various operations including construction of road approaches, filling of ditches,
dozing trails, and other works depending on the type of terrain. Suitable road
approaches are required for safe access of equipment and vehicles. Proper surface
drainage shall be provided. For easier accessibility during construction and later for
inspection, operation and maintenance of the transmission lines, unpaved access
road shall be located as near as possible to transmission lines.

All access roads, finger roads and structure pads shall be permanent for Company
maintenance and operation purposes.

In certain areas such as mountains/ hilly terrain where it is not possible to construct
an access road and structure pads, the requirements as specification in SOW/ PTS
shall be followed.

2.2 Geotechnical Information

Detailed soil investigation conducted along the centerline of the proposed

transmission line shall serve as reference in the design of access road. The soil
report, based on the investigation shall include the following:

2.2.1 Soil boring logs, sampling and testing

2.2.2 Ground surface and Ground Water observations

2.2.3 Moisture-Density relationship (Compaction details)

2.2.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test plots including CBR vs Dry Density

2.2.5 Recommendations

2.2 Plan and Profile Drawings

The design of unpaved access roads and structure pads shall make use of the
transmission line plan and profile drawings which show the left or right profile at
15-20 meters away from the transmission line centerline.

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 3 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

3.0 TRANSMISSION LINE ACCESS ROADS

The unpaved transmission line access roads shall be designed for adequate traffic volumes to
assure the safe movement of construction and maintenance equipment along the right-of-
way. Design of access roads shall take into account the grade and topographical conditions
of the terrain to be traversed and shall be in accordance with the following requirements:

3.1 Geometric Design Criteria

3.1.1 Design Speed

The geometric design features shall be consistent with a design speed of 48

km/h for the Transmission line access road for all types of terrain
conditions.

3.1.2 Sight Distance

The minimum stopping sight distance shall be 61 meters based on the

design speed. Coefficient (K) values of 28 for crest vertical curve and 35
for sag vertical curve shall be used in determining the length of vertical
curves.

K value is a coefficient by which the algebraic difference in grade shall be

multiplied to determine the length of the vertical curve which will provide
smooth transition between tangent grade changes.

3.1.3 Maximum Grades

The maximum grades for different types of terrain based on the specified
design speed shall be the following:

Type of Terrain Maximum Grade

a. Flat 10.5%
b. Rolling 13.5%
c. Mountainous 15.0%

3.1.4 Roadway Width

The minimum width of the unpaved access road shall be 5.00 meters.

3.1.5 Side Slopes

The maximum side slope shall be 4 horizontal to 1 vertical. The

intersection of fill slope and cut slope planes shall be well rounded. The cut
slope shall be designed with adequate and well rounded ditches.

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 4 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

3.1.6 Minimum Clearances

a. The minimum horizontal distance from the centerline of transmission

line to the nearest edge of the access road shall be 15 meters as
indicated in Figure TE-2211-0100-00.

b. The minimum vertical clearance between the highest point on the

road surface and the lowest conductor of the overhead transmission
lines shall conform to TES-P-122.09.

3.1.7 Path Required by Company Vehicle (10-meter long truck for line wash)

a. Turning radius 14.0 m

b. Max. angle of approach and departure 30 degrees
c Max. ramp breakover angle 10 degrees

3.2 Access Road - Earthwork Requirements

The typical cross-section of access road shall consist of sub grade, sub base , and
surface (base) courses. The requirements are given below:

3.2.1 Sub grade

a. Clearing site and rough grading shall be per TCS-Q-113.02. An

average of about 200 mm top soil shall be removed from the sub
grade, and transported to and disposed off from the site at SEC
designated dumping grounds.

b. Any depressions below sub grade level due to removal of un-suitable

material shall be filled with general fill per TCS-Q-113.02.

c. The original ground (sub grade) shall be scarified and compacted to

200 mm depth. Compaction shall be per TCS-Q-113.02 as specified
for Light Traffic roads.

The compacted California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at laboratory for sub

grade material after four days of soaking as determined by ASTM
D1883 shall not be less than 15.

d. The sub grade shall be finished to conform to the required alignment,

grade and cross-section of the access road.

e. In areas where the existing sub grade material has a CBR value of
less than 15, sub grade modification shall be done to improve the
CBR to a minimum of 15 after 4-days soaking.

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 5 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

3.2.2 Sub base

a. Sub base material shall be Class C per TCS-Q-113.02. It shall be

clean, free of organic and other deleterious substances. The CBR
value of the material shall not be less than 50.

b. Compaction shall be per TCS-Q-113.02 as specified for Light Traffic

roads. Thickness of each layer shall not exceed 150 mm after
compaction.

c. The thickness of the sub base material shall be a minimum of 1.5 m

in Sabkha area to protect the wearing surface from detrimental effects
of capillary movement of the ground water. The thickness of the sub
base material in areas other than Sabkha shall vary depending on the
type of terrain to avoid abrupt changes in the finished grade and to
provide smooth riding surface.

3.2.3 Surface (Base) Course

a. Material

Surface course material shall be Class C per TCS-Q-113.02. It shall

be free of organic matter, rubbles, cobbles, boulders and other
deleterious substances. CBR value for surface course (base course)
material shall not be less than 50.

b. Placement and Compaction

Surface course shall be minimum 300 mm thick and the material

shall be placed in layers of uniform thickness with approved
spreaders. Layer thickness generally shall not exceed 150 mm after
compaction. Compaction shall be per TCS-Q-113.02 as specified for
Heavy Traffic roads. The water content of the material shall be
maintained during placement at the optimum percentage (± 1½%) as
determined by ASTM D 1557. Vibratory compactor or other
approved types of special compacting equipment may be used.

c. Finish

The surface of the compacted material shall be finished by blading or

with automated equipment specially designed for this purpose and
rolled with a steel-wheeled roller. Thin layers of fine materials shall
never be added to the top layer of the surface course in order to meet
the grade.

d. Tolerances

The top of the completed Surface course shall not show any deviation
in excess of 20 mm when tested with a 3-meter straightedge. The

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 6 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

completed thickness of the surface course shall be with in ± 20 mm

of the design thickness of 300 mm.

3.2.4 Fill materials, including water used during compaction, shall have chloride
and sulfate contents equal to or less than the existing soil. Sea water shall
not be used for compaction.

3.3 Road Intersections

Road intersections or access road crossings are locations where roads cross each
other at a common elevation. The typical plan layout of intersection shall be as
shown on Figure. TE-2211-0700-00. Adequate advanced warning of the intersection
and traffic directional arrows and signs shall be provided as below:

3.3.1 Warning Signs

The STOP or YIELD sign shall be installed to control traffic. These shall
be per Ministry of Transport signs and shall be placed on the access road at
least 100 meters before the intersection.

3.3.2 Caution Signs

The caution signs "WARNING ROAD CROSSING AHEAD, SLOW

DOWN", shall be provided at least 100 meters before the intersection and
"SEC RIGHT-OF WAY; DO NOT ENTER" shall be provided at the
barriers. The Sign boards shall be of 2.0 m x 1.0 m x 3 mm thick anodized
aluminum plate, supported suitably by two 50 mm galvanized schedule 40
pipes. The top level of the sign boards shall be 2.0 m from the ground
level. The lettering shall be in English and Arabic languages of 50 mm
height in reflective Aluminum color in blue background.

3.3.3 Chain and Barrier Post (with locking arrangement)

Chains and barrier posts shall be located as shown in Figure TE-2211-

0700-00. Chains and barrier posts shall be painted with Zinc Yellow (RAL
1018) and Traffic Black (RAL 9017) stripes of reflective paint, to be
visible at night, to prevent any untoward incident. Barrier post shall be
steel pipe filled with concrete of minimum 400 mm diameter and 2.5
meters length. This shall be embedded one (l.0) meter in depth. Chain shall
be of 6 mm size and grade 43 Steel. The chain shall be fixed at one end of
the barrier. A closed hook to be provided at the other end of the barrier
post for locking purposes.

3.3.4 Crash barriers

Crash barriers shall be provided to protect any fence, boundary wall,

culvert, or any other utilities which are close to the transmission line
structures. Crash barriers shall be per TES-P-119.19.

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 7 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

3.4 Routes

Access roads shall be routed within the right-of-way of the proposed transmission
lines

3.4.1 If an access road already exists within 30 meters from the proposed
transmission line, only finger roads need to be constructed to get access to
the new transmission line tower

3.4.2 The existing access road shall be upgraded per requirements of this
standard. Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid any damage to the
existing access road. Any damage during construction shall be repaired/
rectified without any cost to SEC.

3.4.3 Existing Ministry of Transport (MOT) and Municipality roads shall not be
used as transmission line access roads.

3.5 Pipeline Crossings

Pipeline crossings shall be designed to provide safe passage of vehicular traffic. The
design of the crossing shall meet the following requirements unless otherwise
specified by the owner of the pipeline to be traversed.

3.5.1 The minimum basic wheel load for the pipeline crossings shall be seven(7)
metric tons.

3.5.2 The crossing shall be made perpendicular to the pipeline as much as

possible. However, if such perpendicularity could not be met as dictated by
the site condition, the crossing angle shall not be less than 45 degrees.

3.5.3 The pipeline shall be protected against damage from vehicle collision by
means of at least 1 m high stabilized earth berm over the pipe and
extending 30 meters beyond both edges of the road (measured
perpendicular to the road).

3.5.4 Backfill material shall be the same material as that of access road (as
specified in section 3.2) and shall be free of material that may damage
coatings of steel pipe. Backfill shall be placed in layers of 300 mm or less
and the degree of compaction shall be same as for the access road.

3.5.5 Unless otherwise specified, the minimum cover over steel pipes shall be
1500 mm for unpaved road crossing.

3.5.6 The minimum width of the crossing shall be 5.00 meters, excluding the
side slopes. The typical pipeline crossing details are shown on Figure TE-
2211-0800-00.

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 8 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

4.0 STRUCTURE PADS

4.1 Design Criteria

The standard earthwork requirements of the sub grade, sub base and surface
(base)course for the design of transmission line structure pads shall be same as for
access roads, (as stated in section 3.2 of this Standard) along with the following
requirements:

4.1.1 The edge of the pad shall have a minimum distance of fifteen (15) meters
from any point of the structure foundations and / or guy anchors.

4.1.2 The maximum side slope shall be 4 horizontal to 1 vertical. Side slopes
shall be as flat as possible, to increase safety by providing additional
maneuver area in emergencies and maintenance work.

4.1.3 Structure pads shall be graded to drain water away from structure
foundations with slope of 1.5 to 2 percent

4.1.4 For concrete foundation, top elevation of concrete footings shall be 450mm
above finished grade of the structure pads.

4.1.5 Wherever the transmission line is passing through Sabkha, water logged,
flooded or swamp areas; the filling shall be done to get structure pad at
minimum elevation of 1.5 meters above the surrounding area.

4.1.6 The typical design drawings of structure pad for different transmission line
towers shall be as shown in Figure TE-2211-0100-00 to TE-2211-0600-00.

4.2 Finger Roads and Pads

The typical details of finger road and structure pad are as shown in Figure TE-2211-
0900-00. Finger roads shall not be taken from existing MOT and Municipality roads.
In cases where it is unavoidable, finger roads shall be developed as shown in Figure
TE-2211-1000-00.

5.0 SLOPE PROTECTION AND SAND CONTROL

Protection of slopes adjacent to structure pads to be done where such slopes are liable to be
washed away or eroded by wind. Erosion control is required when slope or excavation is
steeper than 1½ horizontal to 1 vertical. Slopes shall have contour trenches for each 2.0
meters change in elevation. These shall be 0.4 meters deep and of rough construction The
following are the recommended methods of slope protection and sand control.

5.1 Oil or Emulsified Asphalt

Sand encroachment/ erosion on the structure pads and access roads shall be
prevented by spraying the specified areas along the right-of-ways with crude oil or

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

other approved compound such as slow setting asphalt emulsion meeting the
requirements of ASTM D 2397 for CSS-IH, to stabilize the surface.

The crude oil shall penetrate a minimum of 12 mm which requires approximately 8.0
liters/sq. m, of surface. Emulsified asphalt shall be applied per manufacturer's
recommendations.

5.2 Rip-rap or Concrete Barriers

In Wadi areas where ground water level is high, or in areas submerged with water,
rip-rap or concrete barrier/lining shall be constructed within right of way to protect
access roads and structure pads from erosion.

5.2.1 Rip-rap shall be placed on the slopes of structure pads and in places along
the slopes of access roads where erosion control is required, and shall be of
durable stones or hard rocks. Rip-rap shall be uniformly distributed to
produce a compact rip-rap with a minimum thickness of 300 mm. The
minimum specific gravity of stone shall be 2.5 and the maximum
absorption shall be six (6) percent. The loss by abrasion shall not be greater
than 45% when subjected to 500 revolutions in a Los Angeles Abrasion
Machine in accordance with ASTM C131.

5.2.2 Concrete barriers shall be designed to protect the slopes of structure pads
from erosion.

5.2.3 For small stretches of access roads which are lower than the normal level,
and where there is difference of levels on two sides of access road, box or
pipe culverts with wing walls shall be used. The concrete shall be severe
exposure type per 70-TMSS-03. The design to be done based on site
conditions and shall be approved by SEC.

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

6.1 Highway Engineering Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers by Frederick S.

Merritt

6.2 Geometrical Design Guide American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

6.3 ASTM D 1241 Specification for Materials for Soil aggregate Sub-base, Base and
Surface Courses

6.4 ASTM D 2397 Specification for Asphalt Emulsion

6.5 SAES-L-046 SAUDI ARAMCO Engineering Standards for Pipeline Crossings

under roads and rail roads.

6.6 TCS-P-122 SEC Transmission Line Construction Standards

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

6.7 TES-H-107.02 Paint Color Codes and Standards

6.8 TES-P-122 SEC Transmission Line Engineering Standards

6.9 TCS-Q-113.01 SEC Standard for Paving Asphalt Concrete

6.10 TCS-Q-113.02 SEC Standard for Earthwork

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-0100-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR STEEL TOWER (TT, SA,LA TYPE)

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 12 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-0200-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR STEEL TOWER (MA, HA, AS TYPE)

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 13 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-0300-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR H-FRAME STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-0400-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR MONOPOLE STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-0500-00 ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED H-FRAME STRUCTURES

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FIGURE TE-2211-0600-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED MONOPOLE STRUCTURES

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FIGURE TE-2211-0700-00: TYPICAL INTERSECTION

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FIGURE TE-2211-0800-00: UNPAVED CROSSING FOR ABOVE GRADE PIPELINES

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FIGURE TE-2211-0900-00: FINGER ROAD AND PAD

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 0

FIGURE TE-2211-1000-00: FINGER ROAD ALONG MAIN ROAD / HIGHWAY

TESP12211R0/MSO Date of Approval: March 29, 2008 PAGE NO. 21 OF 21